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1

Leibel, Steven A., Zvi Fuks, Michael J. Zelefsky, et al. "Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy." Cancer Journal 8, no. 2 (2002): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130404-200203000-00010.

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2

Tomé, Wolfgang A., Sanford L. Meeks, Todd R. McNutt, et al. "Optically guided intensity modulated radiotherapy." Radiotherapy and Oncology 61, no. 1 (2001): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(01)00414-5.

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3

Śladowska, A. "Modern External Beam Radiotherapy Techniques - Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy." Acta Physica Polonica A 115, no. 2 (2009): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.115.586.

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4

Eschwège, Maurice Tubiana, Francois. "Conformal Radiotherapy and Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy: Clinical Data." Acta Oncologica 39, no. 5 (2000): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/028418600750013249.

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5

Murthy, Vedang, Shirley Lewis, Mayur Sawant, Siji N. Paul, Umesh Mahantshetty, and Shyam Kishore Shrivastava. "Incidental Dose to Pelvic Nodal Regions in Prostate-Only Radiotherapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 16, no. 2 (2016): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533034616661447.

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Objectives: Pelvic lymph nodal regions receive an incidental dose from conformal treatment of the prostate. This study was conducted to investigate the doses received by the different pelvic nodal regions with varying techniques used for prostate radiotherapy. Methods and Materials: Twenty patients of high-risk node-negative prostate cancer treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy to the prostate alone were studied. Replanning was done for intensity-modulated radiotherapy, 3-dimensional conformal treatment, and 2-dimensional conventional radiotherapy with additional delineation of the pel
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6

Fischer-Valuck, Ben W., Yuan James Rao, and Jeff M. Michalski. "Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer." Translational Andrology and Urology 7, no. 3 (2018): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tau.2017.12.16.

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7

Taylor, A. "Intensity-modulated radiotherapy - what is it?" Cancer Imaging 4, no. 2 (2004): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1102/1470-7330.2004.0003.

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8

Thilmann, Christoph, Daniela Schulz-Ertner, Angelika Zabel, Klaus K. Herfarth, Michael Wannenmacher, and Jürgen Debus. "Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy of Sacral Chordoma." Acta Oncologica 41, no. 4 (2002): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/028418602760169460.

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9

Mendenhall, William M., Charles M. Mendenhall, and Nancy P. Mendenhall. "Submandibular Gland-sparing Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy." American Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 5 (2014): 514–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coc.0b013e318261054e.

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10

Low, Daniel A. "Quality assurance of intensity-modulated radiotherapy." Seminars in Radiation Oncology 12, no. 3 (2002): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/srao.2002.33700.

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11

Budgell, G. "Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)—an introduction." Radiography 8, no. 4 (2002): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/radi.2002.0390.

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12

Abelson, Jonathan A., James D. Murphy, Ann Yuriko Minn, et al. "Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 82, no. 4 (2012): e595-e601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.09.035.

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13

James, H. V., C. D. Scrase, and A. J. Poynter. "Practical experience with intensity-modulated radiotherapy." British Journal of Radiology 77, no. 913 (2004): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr/14996943.

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14

Peng, Gang, Yang Ke, Tao Wang, Yiming Feng, Yuehua Li, and Gang Wu. "Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma." Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Medical Sciences] 31, no. 6 (2011): 857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11596-011-0691-x.

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15

Schomas, David A., Michael T. Milano, John C. Roeske, Loren K. Mell, and Arno J. Mundt. "Intensity-modulated radiotherapy and the Internet." Cancer 101, no. 2 (2004): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.20359.

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16

Lin, Ruihe, Jie Shan, Taize Yuan, and Chaonan Qian. "Dosimetric comparison of intensity-modulated proton radiotherapy versus intensity-modulated photon-based radiotherapy for breast cancer." Visualized Cancer Medicine 2 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/vcm/2021002.

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Purpose: This study aims to compare the dosimetric differences in intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) using pencil beam scanning technology and intensity-modulated photon-based radiotherapy (IMRT) in hypofractionated whole-breast irradiation (HF-WBI) and find out the more beneficial technique. Methods and Materials: Eight breast cancer (BC) patients with pathological stage T1 ~ 2N0M0 were immobilized and underwent 4D-CT scanning used deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) technology. The IMPT and IMRT plans were designed for each patient. The IMPT plans used two en-face beam angles. IMRT pl
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17

Ma, Zichang, Rei Umezawa, Takaya Yamamoto, et al. "IMRT improves local control in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with conventional radiotherapy: propensity score-matched analysis." Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 51, no. 9 (2021): 1444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyab100.

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Abstract Background It is still controversial whether intensity-modulated radiotherapy has an obvious advantage over conventional radiotherapy. The purposes of this study were to evaluate prognostic factors in pre-treatment characteristics for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to compare treatment outcomes in patients who received intensity-modulated radiotherapy and patients who received two-dimensional radiotherapy or three-dimensional radiotherapy. Methods We reviewed patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received chemoradiotherapy in our hospital during the period from 2000 to 2017, and we
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18

Yeh, Shyh-An, Tzer-Zen Hwang, Chih-Chun Wang, et al. "Outcomes of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy." Journal of Radiation Research 62, no. 3 (2021): 438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrab008.

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Abstract Nasopharyngeal cancer shows a good response to intensity-modulated radiotherapy. However, there is no clear evidence for the benefits of routine use of image-guided radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to perform a retrospective investigation of the treatment outcomes, treatment-related complications and prognostic factors for nasopharyngeal cancer treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy techniques. Retrospective analysis was performed on 326 consecutive nasopharyngeal cancer patients treated between 2004 and 2015. Potentially significant pat
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19

Zhang, Guangyu, Fangfang He, Li Miao, Haijian Wu, Youzhong Zhang, and Chunli Fu. "Post-operative small pelvic intensity-modulated radiation therapy for early-stage cervical cancer with intermediate-risk factors: efficacy and toxicity." Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 51, no. 6 (2021): 905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyab047.

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Abstract Objective The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of post-operative small pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy in early-stage cervical cancer patients with intermediate-risk factors. Methods Between 2012 and 2016, 151 patients who had cervical cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I–IIA) with intermediate-risk factors were treated with post-operative small pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy. The median dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions with small pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy was prescribed to
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20

Armugram, Nindra, and Krishna Kadarlab. "Toxicities and Outcome of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Vs 2D Conformal Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers." Indian Journal of Cancer Education and Research 5, no. 2 (2017): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijcer.2321.9815.5217.2.

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21

Seppälä, Jan, Sami Suilamo, Mikko Tenhunen, et al. "Dosimetric Comparison and Evaluation of 4 Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Techniques for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 16, no. 2 (2016): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533034616682156.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare dosimetric characteristics, monitor unit, and delivery efficiency of 4 different stereotactic body radiotherapy techniques for the treatment of prostate cancer. Methods: This study included 8 patients with localized prostate cancer. Dosimetric assets of 4 delivery techniques for stereotactic body radiotherapy were evaluated: robotic CyberKnife, noncoplanar intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and 2 intensity-modulated arc therapy techniques (RapidArc and Elekta volumetric-modulated arc therapy). All the plans had equal treatment margins and a prescrip
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22

Alvi, Zeeshan Ahmed, Sameed Hussain, Muhammad Imran Khan Wajid, et al. "Comparison of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy and Fixed Field Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for Radical Treatment of Early Prostate Cancer using Hypofractionated Radiotherapy." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 73, no. 3 (2023): 909–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i3.7406.

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Objective: To investigate the dosimetric advantages of volumetric modulated arc therapy over intensity-modulated radiation therapy for radical treatment of early-stage prostate cancer.
 Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiation Oncology, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2019.
 Methodology: Two treatment plans; one volumetric modulated arc therapy and other intensity-modulated radiation therapy, were made for 13 patients undergoing radical radiotherapy for early prostate cancer. Conformity
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23

Kunieda, Etsuo. "Applications of High Precision Radiotherapy and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy." RADIOISOTOPES 66, no. 5 (2017): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.66.201.

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24

Lambrecht, M., D. Nevens, and S. Nuyts. "Intensity-modulated radiotherapy vs. parotid-sparing 3D conformal radiotherapy." Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 189, no. 3 (2013): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00066-012-0289-7.

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25

Teoh, S., and R. Muirhead. "Rectal Radiotherapy — Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy Delivery, Delineation and Doses." Clinical Oncology 28, no. 2 (2016): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2015.10.012.

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26

Chen, Qiu-Qiu, Chun-Qiao Chen, Jin-Kun Liu, Ming-Yue Huang, Min Pan, and Hui Huang. "Hypofractionated and intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with systemic therapy in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report." World Journal of Clinical Oncology 15, no. 10 (2024): 1342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v15.i10.1342.

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BACKGROUND Liver cancer treatment is characterized by multidisciplinary participation and coexistence of multiple treatment methods. Hypofractionated and intensity-modulated radiotherapy is a new precise radiotherapy technique applied to the treatment of systemic malignant tumors. There is a lack of understanding of hypofractionated and intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with systemic therapy in metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CASE SUMMARY We report a case of metastatic HCC treated with hypofractionated and intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with systemic therapy. A 41
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27

Liu, Yi-Chi, Hung-Ming Chang, Hsin-Hon Lin, Chia-Chun Lu, and Lu-Han Lai. "Dosimetric Comparison of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy, Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy and Hybrid Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy/Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Techniques for Right Breast Cancer." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12 (2020): 3884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123884.

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This study aimed to compare different types of right breast cancer radiotherapy planning techniques and to estimate the whole-body effective doses and the critical organ absorbed doses. The three planning techniques are intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT; two methods) and hybrid 3D-CRT/IMRT (three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy/intensity-modulated radiotherapy). The VMAT technique includes two methods to deliver a dose: non-continuous partial arc and continuous partial arc. A thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) is placed in the RANDO phantom to es
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28

Cosway, B., L. Douglas, N. Armstrong, and A. Robson. "Travelling for treatment; does distance and deprivation affect travel for intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the rural setting for head and neck cancer?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 131, no. 6 (2017): 546–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215117000196.

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AbstractObjective:NHS England has commissioned intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancers from Newcastle hospitals for patients in North Cumbria. This study assessed whether travel distances affected the decision to travel to Newcastle (to receive intensity-modulated radiotherapy) or Carlisle (to receive conformal radiotherapy).Methods:All patients for whom the multidisciplinary team recommended intensity-modulated radiotherapy between December 2013 and January 2016 were included. Index of multiple deprivation scores and travel distances were calculated. Patients were also aske
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29

Webb, Steve. "Advances in Treatment with Intensity-Modulated Conformal Radiotherapy." Tumori Journal 84, no. 2 (1998): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169808400206.

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The modern practice of radiotherapy centres on the development of conformai radiotherapy, techniques to ensure the high-dose volume is tightly wrapped around the diseased tissue and excluded as far as possible from adjacent normal structures. The development of conformai radiotherapy is a chain of processes involving treatment planning, development of new methods to deliver radiation, verification of the accuracy of radiation delivery and improvement of biological outcome. This is an enormous field of activity. This invited review paper summarises some of the main elements of progress towards
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30

CAKIR, Aydin. "Quality assurance methods for intensity modulated radiotherapy." Turkish Journal of Oncology 28, no. 2 (2013): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/tjoncol.2013.568.

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31

Webb, S. "Optimizing the planning of intensity-modulated radiotherapy." Physics in Medicine and Biology 39, no. 12 (1994): 2229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/39/12/007.

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32

Cohen, Karen H. Shahar, Bin S. Teh, Arnold C. Paulino, and E. Brian Butler. "Ureteral Stenosis After Postprostatectomy Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy." American Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 1 (2010): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coc.0b013e31802b30cb.

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33

Didinger, B. H., W. Schlegel, and J. Debus. "Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy – Technology and Clinical Applications." Oncology Research and Treatment 25, no. 3 (2002): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000064316.

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34

Lian, Xin, Jing Shen, Zhaoqi Gu, et al. "Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy for Pituitary Somatotroph Adenomas." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 12 (2020): e4712-e4721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa651.

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Abstract Objective To summarize our experience in the treatment of pituitary somatotroph adenomas by fractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), describe the treatment outcomes, and determine predictors. Methods and Materials Patients with pituitary somatotroph adenoma treated by IMRT in our institution from August 2009 to January 2019 were reviewed. A total of 113 patients (37 male) were included in this study. The median age was 33 years (range 12-67 years). A total of 112 patients had not achieved complete remission after surgery, and 1 patient was treated by radiotherapy (RT) alo
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35

Muren, Ludvig P., Olav Mella, Rune Hafslund, and Olav Dahl. "Norwegian Oncologists' Expectations of Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy." Acta Oncologica 41, no. 6 (2002): 562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841860214967.

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36

Cho, Paul S., and Robert J. Marks. "Hardware-sensitive optimization for intensity modulated radiotherapy." Physics in Medicine and Biology 45, no. 2 (2000): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/45/2/312.

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37

Craft, David, Tarek Halabi, and Thomas Bortfeld. "Exploration of tradeoffs in intensity-modulated radiotherapy." Physics in Medicine and Biology 50, no. 24 (2005): 5857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/24/007.

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38

Geora, D., P. Georg, M. Hillbrand, K. Dieckmann, and R. Potter. "174 Intensity modulated radiotherapy for gynaecological malignancies." Radiotherapy and Oncology 76 (September 2005): S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(05)81151-x.

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39

Pickett, B., A. Pirzkall, J. Kurhanawicz, L. Verhey, and M. Roach. "Radiosurgical intensity modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 48, no. 3 (2000): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(00)80071-1.

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40

Thilmann, Christoph, Angelika Zabel, Simeon Nill, et al. "Intensity-modulated radiotherapy of the female breast." Medical Dosimetry 27, no. 2 (2002): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-3947(02)00089-4.

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41

Luo, Ming, Gang Peng, Liangliang Shi, et al. "Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localized nasopharyngeal amyloidosis." Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 192, no. 12 (2016): 944–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00066-016-0996-6.

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42

Burmeister, Jay, Robyn Spink, Liang Liang, et al. "Commissioning of intensity modulated neutron radiotherapy (IMNRT)." Medical Physics 40, no. 2 (2013): 021718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4766878.

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43

Chambers, Mark S., Adam S. Garden, David Rosenthal, et al. "Intensity-modulated radiotherapy: Is xerostomia still prevalent?" Current Oncology Reports 7, no. 2 (2005): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11912-005-0039-4.

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44

Mohan, Radhe. "209 Intensity-modulated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 39, no. 2 (1997): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(97)80512-3.

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45

Mohan, Radhe. "307 Intensity-modulated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 36, no. 1 (1996): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(97)85315-1.

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46

Wiezorek, Tilo, Nico Banz, Michael Schwedas, et al. "Dosimetric Quality Assurance for Intensity–Modulated Radiotherapy." Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 181, no. 7 (2005): 468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00066-005-1381-z.

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47

Duthoy, Wim, Tom Boterberg, Filip Claus, et al. "Postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy in sinonasal carcinoma." Cancer 104, no. 1 (2005): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21100.

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48

Poppe, Matthew M., Venkat Narra, Ning J. Yue, Jinghao Zhou, Carl Nelson, and Salma K. Jabbour. "A Comparison of Helical Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy, and 3D-Conformal Radiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer." Medical Dosimetry 36, no. 4 (2011): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meddos.2010.08.003.

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49

Laborda, Almudena Zapatero. "3D conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy: towards dose optimization." Revista de Oncología 4, no. 2 (2002): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02712398.

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50

Sayed Omer, Hiba Baha Eldin. "Intensity modulated radiotherapy using Monte Carlo for routine postmastectomy radiotherapy." Polish Journal of Medical Physics And Engineering 18, no. 2 (2012): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10013-012-0007-x.

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Radiotherapy given after mastectomy (PMRT) will reduce the risk of local recurrence by about two-thirds. Clinical and dosimetric trials were carried out using various techniques to optimize the treatments by maximizing the dose to the tumour and minimizing it to the healthy tissues at proximity. Different conventional techniques which have been studied suffer from important dose inhomogeneities due to the complex anatomy of the chest, which reduces the benefits from such treatments. Moreover, due to the heterogeneity of breast cancer, the response to therapy and a systematic approach to treatm
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