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Journal articles on the topic 'Intensity modulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 June 2025

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1

Latychevskaia, Tatiana. "Wavefront Modulation and Beam Shaping into Arbitrary Three-Dimensional Intensity Distributions." Photonics 8, no. 6 (2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8060179.

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In this study the methods of three-dimensional (3D) wavefront intensity modulation by employing contrast-inverted holography, previously introduced as Gabor inverted holography, are further investigated. The present study provides the recipes for creating 3D wavefront intensity modulations using phase-only and amplitude-only modulators and compares the results. The 3D wavefront modulation using spherical waves is also demonstrated, and the miniaturization of 3D intensity beams is discussed; it is shown that both the resolution and the size of the created 3D structures are ultimately given by the wavelength of the employed radiation. The manuscript also addresses the quality of the formed 3D intensity curves and determines the parameters that provide the best smooth appearance of the 3D curves. The presented methods of 3D intensity wavefront modulation can be realized for all kinds of waves: light, X-ray, electron, etc, provided the modulator can be manufactured for the corresponding wavelength. The methods of 3D intensity wavefront modulation can be applied in various techniques: lithography, micro-robotics, particle trapping, etc.

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2

Cangjie, Weng, Yang Dewei, Zheng Yuansheng, Zhao Yan, and Yao Tianlong. "Residual intensity modulation of Y-waveguide modulator." Journal of Applied Optics 38, no. 6 (2017): 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5768/jao201738.0605002.

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3

Tavan, Mehrnaz, Erik Agrell, and Johnny Karout. "Bandlimited Intensity Modulation." IEEE Transactions on Communications 60, no. 11 (2012): 3429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2012.091712.110496.

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4

Hyun, Young-Jin, Jae-Young Choi, and Sang-Kook Han. "Dual Polarization Simultaneous Optical Intensity Modulation in Single Birefringent LiNbO3 Mach–Zehnder Optical Modulator." Photonics 9, no. 6 (2022): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9060386.

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A new method of simultaneous modulation of dual-polarization intensity based on a single LiNbO3 Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) is proposed. Using the birefringence of lithium niobate, the bipolar optical intensity can be modulated independently with the proposed modulation condition. In this paper, the optimized modulation conditions and the performance of the proposed method are investigated through simulations and experiments.

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5

Dye, S. P., and N. J. Gomes. "Dual-modulation compensation for optical intensity modulator nonlinearities." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 8, no. 1 (1996): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.475782.

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6

Bleuel, M., E. Lang, R. Gähler, and J. Lal. "CIM—Compact intensity modulation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 592, no. 3 (2008): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.04.039.

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7

Lu, Cunwei, Akasi Yamaguchi, and Seiji Inokuchi. "Intensity modulation moiré topography." Optics & Laser Technology 29, no. 2 (1997): xii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-3992(97)88437-x.

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8

Urbanek, Jacek, Jerome Antoni, and Tomasz Barszcz. "Detection of signal component modulations using modulation intensity distribution." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 28 (April 2012): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2011.12.018.

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9

Liu, Xudong, Hao Chen, Teng Li, and Yiwen Sun. "Low-voltage driven graphene-loaded metal wire grating device in total internal reflection geometry for broadband THz modulation." Terahertz Science and Technology 14, no. 2 (2021): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/tst/2021142044.

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Terahertz modulators with capability of both intensity and phase are essential for THz imaging and communication systems. The low-voltage driven THz modulation technique is crucial for integrating the modulators with electronics components. There is still a lack of broadband devices able to achieve both amplitude and phase modulation with low voltage, due to the underlying physics behind existing approaches. Here, we demonstrate a graphene-loaded metal wire grating THz modulator in the total internal reflection geometry to achieve intensity modulation of 80% and phase modulation of 70 degree within 3 volts gate voltage. Quite different from using the strategy of metamaterials based on the electromagnetic resonance effects, our design has performed a broadband modulation for over 1 THz bandwidth.

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10

Zhou, Shiyi, Zhijun Zhang, Chuliang Zhou, Zhongpeng Li, Ye Tian, and Jiansheng Liu. "A high-energy electron density modulator driven by an intense laser standing wave." Laser and Particle Beams 37, no. 2 (2019): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034619000338.

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AbstractA high energy electron density modulator from a high-intensity laser standing wave field is studied herein by investigating the ultrafast motion of electrons in the field. Electrons converge at the electric field antinodes, and the discrete electron density peaks modulated by the field located at the corresponding laser phases of kx = nπ, (n = 0, 1, 2, …), that is, the modulation period is 1/2 the wavelength of the individual laser. We also discussed the influence of the laser parameters such as laser intensity and waist size on the beam modulator. It is shown that a long interaction length (waist) or sufficiently high field intensity is essential for relativistic electron density modulation.

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11

Hinman, Lee E., and Paul J. Sammak. "Intensity Modulation of Pseudocolor Images." BioTechniques 25, no. 1 (1998): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/98251bc01.

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12

Lukyanovich, P. A., B. A. Zon, A. A. Kunin, and S. N. Pankova. "Light intensity modulation in phototherapy." Laser Physics 25, no. 4 (2015): 045602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1054-660x/25/4/045602.

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13

WENDLING, PATRICE. "Intensity Modulation Eases Radiation Toxicity." Skin & Allergy News 38, no. 1 (2007): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(06)71821-6.

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14

Cleland, Thomas A., and Venkata Anupama Narla. "Intensity Modulation of Olfactory Acuity." Behavioral Neuroscience 117, no. 6 (2003): 1434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.117.6.1434.

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15

PEDYASH, Volodymyr. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF FIBER-OPTIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WITH INTENSITY MODULATION." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 317, no. 1 (2023): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2023-317-1-162-166.

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Fibre optic transmission systems are widespread in the transport network. Optical Transport Hierarchy (OTH) transmission systems are the basis of the transport network. The principle of wavelength multiplexing of channels is used to increase the technical and economic performance. Technically a simpler type of intensity modulation is used to transmit OTU1 and OTU2 OTH frames. Erbium-doped fibre-based optical amplifiers also generate amplified spontaneous emission noise, which degrades the performance of the transmission system. The qualitative characteristics of the optical channel of OTH transmission system with intensity modulation are investigated in this paper. In the simulation process, it is possible to neglect the nonlinear signal distortion in the optical fiber at the nominal signal power of the transponder transmitter. Therefore, in the studied transmission system model, an optical oscillation consisting of two components (signal and noise) arrives at the receiver input. In this case, an electrical signal consisting of three summands (signal-signal, signal-noise and noise-noise) will be generated at the output of the photodiode. A simplified formula for calculating the Q-factor of the optical signal, which affects the error probability in the optical channel, is proposed in most of the specialized literature. Numerical Q-factor values were calculated for OTU1 and OTU2 frames. They were compared with the reference results which were obtained by simulation in Optiwave Optisystem software. The analysis of the obtained data has proved that the simplified formula for the calculation of the Q-factor has a relative error of the order of 39-59%. A more accurate result can be obtained by using an expression that takes into account both components of the noise at the photodiode output.

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16

Bakry, Ahmed. "Modeling of Millimeter-Wave Modulation Characteristics of Semiconductor Lasers under Strong Optical Feedback." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/728458.

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This paper presents modeling and simulation on the characteristics of semiconductor laser modulated within a strong optical feedback (OFB-)induced photon-photon resonance over a passband of millimeter (mm) frequencies. Continuous wave (CW) operation of the laser under strong OFB is required to achieve the photon-photon resonance in the mm-wave band. The simulated time-domain characteristics of modulation include the waveforms of the intensity and frequency chirp as well as the associated distortions of the modulated mm-wave signal. The frequency domain characteristics include the intensity modulation (IM) and frequency modulation (FM) responses in addition to the associated relative intensity noise (RIN). The signal characteristics under modulations with both single and two mm-frequencies are considered. The harmonic distortion and the third order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) are examined and the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) is calculated.

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17

CHENG, Yan, and Seung-Hoon HWANG. "Subcarrier Intensity Modulation/Spatial Modulation for Optical Wireless Communications." IEICE Transactions on Communications E97.B, no. 5 (2014): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e97.b.1044.

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18

Cheng, Yan, and Seung-Hoon Hwang. "Subcarrier Intensity Modulation-Spatial Modulation for Optical Wireless Communications." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 38A, no. 12 (2013): 1086–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2013.38a.12.1086.

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19

Schilt, Stéphane, Luc Thévenaz, and Philippe Robert. "Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy: Combined Frequency and Intensity Laser Modulation." Applied Optics 42, no. 33 (2003): 6728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.42.006728.

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20

Wang Bofan, 王渤帆, 李中梁 Li Zhongliang, 王向朝 Wang Xiangzhao, and 步扬 Bu Yang. "Two-Wavelength Sinusoidal Phase-Modulating Interferometer Insensitive to Intensity Modulation." Chinese Journal of Lasers 38, no. 10 (2011): 1008001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201138.1008001.

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21

Vervoort, Sander, and Marcus Wolff. "Interferometrically Enhanced Intensity and Wavelength Modulation in Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy." Photonics 11, no. 8 (2024): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11080740.

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Tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) is a measurement technique with high spectral resolution. It is based on tuning the emission wavelength of a semiconductor laser by altering its current and/or its temperature. However, adjusting the wavelength leads to a change in emission intensity. For applications that rely on modulated radiation, the challenge is to isolate the true spectrum from the influence of extraneous instrumental contributions, particularly residual intensity and wavelength modulation. We present a novel approach combining TDLS with interferometric techniques, exemplified by the use of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, to enable the separation of intensity and wavelength modulation. With interferometrically enhanced intensity modulation, we reduced the residual wavelength modulation by 83%, and with interferometrically enhanced wavelength modulation, we almost completely removed the residual derivative of the signal. A reduction in residual wavelength modulation enhances the spectral resolution of intensity-modulated measurements, whereas a reduction in residual intensity modulation improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the sensitivity of wavelength-modulated measurements.

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22

Chang, Junwei, Ruihan Zhu, Tingting Xi, et al. "Intensity modulation of filaments by shaped laser pulses in fused silica." Chinese Optics Letters 17, no. 12 (2019): 123201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201917.123201.

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23

Lester, Rosemary A., and Brad H. Story. "Acoustic Characteristics of Simulated Respiratory-Induced Vocal Tremor." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 22, no. 2 (2013): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2012/12-0043).

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of respiratory forced oscillation to the acoustic characteristics of vocal tremor. Method Acoustical analyses were performed to determine the characteristics of the intensity and fundamental frequency (F 0 ) for speech samples obtained by Farinella, Hixon, Hoit, Story, and Jones (2006) using a respiratory forced oscillation paradigm with 5 healthy adult males to simulate vocal tremor involving respiratory pressure modulation. The analyzed conditions were sustained productions of /a/ with amplitudes of applied pressure of 0, 1, 2, and 4 cmH 2 O and a rate of 5 Hz. Results Forced oscillation of the respiratory system produced modulation of the intensity and F 0 for all participants. Variability was observed between participants and conditions in the change in intensity and F 0 per unit of pressure change, as well as in the mean intensity and F 0 . However, the extent of modulation of intensity and F 0 generally increased as the applied pressure increased, as would be expected. Conclusion These findings suggest that individuals develop idiosyncratic adaptations to pressure modulations, which are important to understanding aspects of variability in vocal tremor, and highlight the need to assess all components of the speech mechanism that may be directly or indirectly affected by tremor.

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24

Fernandez, Elena, Rosa Fuentes, Andrés Márquez, Augusto Beléndez, and Inmaculada Pascual. "Binary Intensity Modulation and Hybrid Ternary Modulation Applied to Multiplexing Objects Using Holographic Data Storage on a PVA/AA Photopolymer." International Journal of Polymer Science 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/356534.

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Holographic data pages were multiplexed in a polyvinyl alcohol/acrylamide photopolymer and a liquid crystal device was used to modify the object beam and store objects in the material. A peristrophic multiplexing method was used to store a large number of objects in the same spot of the material. The objects were stored using two different modulations: binary intensity modulation and hybrid ternary modulation. Moreover, the bit error rate (BER) of the images was calculated in order to compare which modulation is most appropriate to be used for holographic data storage.

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25

Wei Zhaolin, 魏朝林, 胡姝玲 Hu Shuling, 王鑫龙 Wang Xinlong, and 邵洪峰 Shao Hongfeng. "Development of Research on Phase Modulation to Intensity Modulation Conversion." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 50, no. 11 (2013): 110003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop50.110003.

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26

Sofiadis, George, and Ioannis Sarris. "Turbulence Intensity Modulation by Micropolar Fluids." Fluids 6, no. 6 (2021): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6060195.

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Fluid microstructure nature has a direct effect on turbulence enhancement or attenuation. Certain classes of fluids, such as polymers, tend to reduce turbulence intensity, while others, like dense suspensions, present the opposite results. In this article, we take into consideration the micropolar class of fluids and investigate turbulence intensity modulation for three different Reynolds numbers, as well as different volume fractions of the micropolar density, in a turbulent channel flow. Our findings support that, for low micropolar volume fractions, turbulence presents a monotonic enhancement as the Reynolds number increases. However, on the other hand, for sufficiently high volume fractions, turbulence intensity drops, along with Reynolds number increment. This result is considered to be due to the effect of the micropolar force term on the flow, suppressing near-wall turbulence and enforcing turbulence activity to move further away from the wall. This is the first time that such an observation is made for the class of micropolar fluid flows, and can further assist our understanding of physical phenomena in the more general non-Newtonian flow regime.

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27

Sandhu, Sunil, and Shanhui Fan. "Lossless intensity modulation in integrated photonics." Optics Express 20, no. 4 (2012): 4280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.004280.

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28

Rainal, A. J. "Distortion spectrum of laser intensity modulation." IEEE Transactions on Communications 43, no. 2/3/4 (1995): 1644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.380213.

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29

Lomax, A. "Intensity modulation methods for proton radiotherapy." Physics in Medicine and Biology 44, no. 1 (1999): 185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/44/1/014.

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30

Rahman, M., K. Erhart, D. J. Gladstone, et al. "Intensity Modulation in Electron FLASH Radiotherapy." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 114, no. 3 (2022): e580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2248.

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31

Duban, N., S. Chang, T. Cullip, G. Tracton, and J. Rosenman. "Intensity modulation for tangential breast treatment." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 42, no. 1 (1998): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(98)80107-7.

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32

Hogstrom, Kenneth R., Robert L. Carver, Erin L. Chambers, and Kevin Erhart. "Introduction to passive electron intensity modulation." Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 18, no. 6 (2017): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.12163.

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33

Zhu, Kexin, Fuping Zeng, Zujian Huang, et al. "Influence of light source modulation on detection performance of trace-level SF₆ fault gas using photoacoustic spectroscopy." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 57, no. 36 (2024): 365103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ad520e.

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Abstract Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is highly valued in gas detection for its outstanding sensitivity and rapid response. Addressing its limited precision in trace gas analysis, scholars have taken numerous measures to optimize structural and modify the size of acoustic sensors and photoacoustic cells (PACs). Nevertheless, advancements in laser modulation remain understudied due to technical difficulties. This paper theoretically examines the effects of intensity modulation with square wave signals and wavelength modulation involving sawtooth and sinusoidal. In this paper, a theoretical approach is proposed to examine the effects of intensity modulation with square wave signals and wavelength modulation involving sawtooth and sinusoidal signals. Experimental measurements were performed using parameters obtained in preliminary experiments. We constructed an experimental setup with varied-length PACs to bolster experimental dependability, focusing on H2S as the target gas to compare the two laser modulation techniques. The results exhibited that at low frequencies, intensity modulation outperforms wavelength modulation. At resonance frequencies, however, wavelength modulation could provide stronger signals’ intensity. Modulation frequency considerations are therefore crucial when choosing a modulation method for PAS gas detection. Without specific frequency requirements, a second harmonic modulation at resonance is recommended. This study provides guidance on selecting laser modulation methods for PAS, potentially refining the technique’s application in trace gas analysis.

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34

Włodarska, Dorota, Andrzej Klepka, Wieslaw Jerzy Staszewski, and Tadeusz Uhl. "Comparative Study of Instantaneous Frequency Extraction in Nonlinear Acoustics Used for Structural Damage Detection." Key Engineering Materials 588 (October 2013): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.588.33.

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Nonlinear acoustics deals with various nonlinear effects that occur in ultrasonic wave propagation. The method is suitable for material characterisation, as it uses different nonlinear phenomena associated with material imperfections. The method has been used for detecting nonlinearities in cracked solids by: measuring distortions of acoustic signals, estimating resonance frequency shifts or assessing nonlinear vibro-acosutic modulations. The latter is the most widely used non-classical approach to probe material nonlinearities. The method involves vibro-acoustic interactions of ultrasonic wave and modal vibration in damaged specimens. Modulation intensity that strongly relates to damage severity - is usually assessed in the frequency domain and often leads to confusing results when large modulations are involved. The paper investigates the time domain analysis of vibro-acoustic modulated signals. Several methods for instantaneous frequency calculation used to assess the intensity of modulation - are compared. Simulated and experimental data are used in these investigations.

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35

Francis, Henry, Si Chen, Kai-Jun Che, Mark Hopkinson, and Chaoyuan Jin. "Photonic Crystal Cavity-Based Intensity Modulation for Integrated Optical Frequency Comb Generation." Crystals 9, no. 10 (2019): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9100493.

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A simple scheme to generate an integrated, nanoscale optical frequency comb (OFC) is numerically studied. In this study, all optical intensity modulators based on photonic crystal (PhC) cavities are cascaded both in series and parallel. By adjusting the modulation parameters, such as the repetition rate, phase, and coupling efficiency of the modulating wave, it is possible to produce combs with a variety of different characteristics. Unique to PhC intensity modulators, in comparison with standard lithium niobate modulators, is the ability to control the amplitude of the light via a cavity rather than controlling the phase through one arm of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. This opens up modulation-based OFC generation to new possibilities in both nanoscale operation and cavity-based schemes.

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36

Roy, Anirban, and Arup Lal Chakraborty. "Intensity Modulation-Normalized Calibration-Free 1f and 2f Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy." IEEE Sensors Journal 20, no. 21 (2020): 12691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2020.3000470.

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37

Wu, Zi-Yang, Xiao-Yu Liu, Jiang-Shan Wang, and Jiao Wang. "Modulation index dependence of intensity modulation bandwidth in visible light communications." Optics Letters 43, no. 19 (2018): 4570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.004570.

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38

Celik, Yasin, and Sultan Aldırmaz Çolak. "Quadrature spatial modulation sub-carrier intensity modulation (QSM-SIM) for VLC." Physical Communication 38 (February 2020): 100937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2019.100937.

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39

Fernando, C., S. Janz, R. Normandin, J. P. Noël, N. G. Tarr, and J. S. Wight. "Optical waveguide intensity modulator in silicon, based on carrier injection in a Si1−xGex pin heterostructure." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, S1 (1996): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-826.

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A Si1−xGex pin optical waveguide modulator operating at a wavelength of λ = 1.3 μm was designed and demonstrated. The free carrier absorption by carriers injected into the i region under high forward bias was used to attenuate the guided mode intensity. Numerical simulations indicate that this structure can operate at speeds up to 200 MHz. A maximum modulation depth of 85% was measured for a 2 mm long waveguide using a peak modulation current of 4200 A cm−2.

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40

J Stevenson, Andrew, Malcolm B Gray, Charles C Harb, David E McClelland, and Hans-A. Bachor. "Interferometers with Internal and External Phase Modulation: Experimental and Analytical Comparison." Australian Journal of Physics 48, no. 6 (1995): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph950971.

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Optical intensity noise in a light source easily degrades the sensitivity of a shot-noise-limited interferometer which is directly detecting low frequency phase or displacement variations. In this paper we describe and compare two experimental methods in which we use high frequency optical phase modulation to shift low frequency phase signals in an interferometer to a shot noise limited region of the photocurrent spectrum. This phase modulation is applied either within the interferometer arms-internal modulation-or in a local oscillator beam tapped off the main interferometer and coherently recombined with the interferometer output-external modulation. he photocurrent is mixed electronically with the high frequency modulating waveform to extract the signal information free from laser intensity noise. In our experiments, we have been able to detect interferometrically low frequency signals with true shot-noise-limited sensitivity. We find, theoretically and experimentally, that the interferometric sensitivity achievable in each scheme depends critically on non-ideal factors, such as imperfect interferometric fringe contrast and electronic noise in the detectors or amplifiers. This paper examines the relative merits and operating requirements of both modulation schemes in practical interferometers.

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41

Siochi, R. Alfredo C. "Minimizing static intensity modulation delivery time using an intensity solid paradigm." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 43, no. 3 (1999): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3016(98)00430-1.

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42

Li, Erkang, Man Jiang, Duidui Li, et al. "Nanosecond-scale all-optical Ti₃C₂T _x -MXene modulator." Applied Physics Express 15, no. 2 (2022): 022008. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ac4a12.

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Abstract Inspired by recent advancements of graphene-based ultrafast photonic devices, Ti3C2T x -MXene, as a graphene-like two-dimensional layer-structure material, has gained extensive interest in nonlinear optical applications, especially in all-optical intensity modulation. Herein, we successfully fabricated an all-optical modulator based on Ti3C2T x -Mxene/polyvinyl-alcohol film with nanosecond-scale response time, modulation speed of 100 kHz, and modulation depth of 10%. Furthermore, the variation of fall edges of modulated signal pulse caused by thermo-optic effect under different pump power was also observed. Considering the ease of fabrication, low cost, and ease of integration, the proposed modulator may open the door for high-speed all-optical communications and signal processing.

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43

Yang, Cheng-Kai, Xu-Ping Wang, Fei Zhang, et al. "Electro-Optic Intensity Modulation in Fe-Doped KTa0.65Nb0.35O3 Crystals." Crystals 10, no. 10 (2020): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10100870.

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KTa0.65Nb0.35O3 and Fe-doped KTa0.65Nb0.35O3 crystals were grown by the top-seeded solution growth method (TSSG). Fe ion doping significantly improves the electro-optic properties of cubic KTN crystals. We describe their electro-optic modulation theory and experimental research. The electro-optic modulation waveform deduced by theoretical calculation is basically consistent with the waveform measured in the experiment. We observed the attenuation of light modulation under multiple voltage cycles. The modulation curve of the crystal is inconsistent when the crystal voltage is boosting and bucking. Under the same voltage condition, the higher the incident light power, the faster the modulation depth attenuation. In this experiment, the size of the KTN crystal chip is 6 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm. We obtain the effective electro-optic coefficient as s11 − s12 = 1.34 × 10−15 m2/V2; the half-wave voltage near the Curie temperature is 39 V.

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44

Xu, Cheng, Hui Pang, Axiu Cao, Qiling Deng, Song Hu, and Huajun Yang. "Lensless Imaging via Blind Ptychography Modulation and Wavefront Separation." Photonics 10, no. 2 (2023): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020191.

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A novel lensless imaging approach based on ptychography and wavefront separation is proposed in this paper, which was characterized by rapid convergence and high-quality imaging. In this method, an amplitude modulator was inserted between the light source and the sample for light wave modulation. By laterally translating this unknown modulator to different positions, we acquired a sequence of modulated intensity images for quantitative object recovery. In addition, to effectively separate the object and modulator wavefront, a couple of diffraction patterns without modulation were recorded. Optical experiments were performed to verify the feasibility of our approach by testing a resolution plate, a phase object, and an agaricus cell.

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45

Wu, Shuangqing, Sanyuan Zhang, Yin Zhang, and Xiuzi Ye. "Mesh Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Modulation Intensity." Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics 22, no. 6 (2010): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1089.2010.10846.

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46

A. Porto, Andrey, Vin韈ius Koti Kamada, Leticia Santana Oliveira, Joana Z. Chambrone, David M. Garner, and Vitor E. Valenti. "Cardiac Autonomic Modulation and High–Intensity Exercise." Journal of Cardiology and Therapy 3, no. 3 (2016): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17554/j.issn.2309-6861.2016.03.101-1.

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Zadernovskii, A. A., V. V. Shcherbakov, and A. F. Solodkov. "Extended Single-Sideband Light Intensity Modulation Formats." Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 66, no. 9 (2021): 1053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064226921090187.

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Inoue, Michiko. "Vibration-Induced Intensity Modulation in Multimode Fiber." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 29, Part 1, No. 12 (1990): 2741–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.29.2741.

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Lira, Fábio S., Luiz C. Carnevali, Nelo E. Zanchi, Ronaldo VT Santos, Jean Marc Lavoie, and Marília Seelaender. "Exercise Intensity Modulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/809576.

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Abstract:

Lipid metabolism in the liver is complex and involves the synthesis and secretion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), ketone bodies, and high rates of fatty acid oxidation, synthesis, and esterification. Exercise training induces several changes in lipid metabolism in the liver and affects VLDL secretion and fatty acid oxidation. These alterations are even more conspicuous in disease, as in obesity, and cancer cachexia. Our understanding of the mechanisms leading to metabolic adaptations in the liver as induced by exercise training has advanced considerably in the recent years, but much remains to be addressed. More recently, the adoption of high intensity exercise training has been put forward as a means of modulating hepatic metabolism. The purpose of the present paper is to summarise and discuss the merit of such new knowledge.

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Bo, Jian, Xueping Ju, and Changxiang Yan. "Four-Channel Polarimetric-Spectral Intensity Modulation Imager." Applied Sciences 14, no. 24 (2024): 11759. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411759.

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To solve the problems of channel crosstalk and edge jitter caused by the Fourier transform demodulation of polarimetric-spectral intensity modulation in polarization spectral data, this paper proposes a Four-Channel Polarimetric Spectrometer (FCPS) with two groups of polarimetric-spectral intensity modulation (PSIM). FCPS can demodulate the full Stokes spectra information by system matrix calibration in the spatial domain. The traditional channel filtering method and the FCPS data demodulation method are simulated, and their results are compared. The simulated results show that the FCPS does not have the problem of the edge jitter, and the demodulation accuracy is higher. It is confirmed that the angle error of phase retarders has little influence on the data reconstruction, and the maximum allowable angle error of the calibration light linear polarizer cannot exceed 0.4°.

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