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Journal articles on the topic 'Intensity of simulated rainfall'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lasisi, M. O., F. F. Akinola, and O. R. Ogunjimi. "MODIFICATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SMALL-SCALE RAINFALL SIMULATOR." International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch 07, no. 03 (2022): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35410/ijaeb.2022.5736.

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Rainfall simulator is an essential tool to simulate natural rainfall accurately and precisely. A reliable, accurate and portable small scale rainfall simulator is required for runoff, infiltration, sediment generation and erosion studies. And this has been used extensively to gather runoff, infiltration and erosion data in both laboratory and field experiments. This study was conducted to determine rainfall intensity, rainfall drop sizes and erosivity. An existing rainfall simulator was modified to be easily assembled, transported and maintained as well as to create a variety of rainfall regim

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Jan, Petrů, and Kalibová Jana. "Measurement and computation of kinetic energy of simulated rainfall in comparison with natural rainfall." Soil and Water Research 13, No. 4 (2018): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/218/2016-swr.

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Rainfall characteristics such as total amount and rainfall intensity (I) are important inputs in calculating the kinetic energy (KE) of rainfall. Although KE is a crucial indicator of the raindrop potential to disrupt soil aggregates, it is not a routinely measured meteorological parameter. Therefore, KE is derived from easily accessible variables, such as I, in empirical laws. The present study examines whether the equations which had been derived to calculate KE of natural rainfall are suitable for the calculation of KE of simulated rainfall. During the experiment presented in this paper, th

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Xiao, Pei Qing, Wen Yi Yao, and Chang Gao Wang. "Soil Erosion Process in Sloped Shrub Plots under Simulated Rainfall." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2094–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2094.

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Runoff, sediment yield and infiltration process of shrub plots were studied under rainfall intensities of 45, 87 and 127 mm/h with 20° slope gradient using simulated rainfall experiment. The results showed that cumulative runoff and cumulative sediment yield of shrub plot had an obvious positive correlation with rainfall time. Under rainfall intensity of 45 mm/h, runoff and sediment yield of shrub plot kept a constant level. Under rainfall intensity of 87 mm/h, runoff kept a fluctuant increase, whereas sediment yield basically kept steady. Under rainfall intensity of 127 mm/h, runoff and sedim

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Bedaiwy, M. N., and D. E. Rolston. "Soil surface densification under simulated high intensity rainfall." Soil Technology 6, no. 4 (1993): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0933-3630(93)90026-b.

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Souza, Fábio Suano de, and Ciro Antonio Rosolem. "Rainfall intensity and Mepiquat Chloride persistence in cotton." Scientia Agricola 64, no. 2 (2007): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162007000200004.

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In some regions where cotton is grown in Brazil rainfall amounts to about 2,000 mm per year, which imposes a great risk for Mepiquat Chloride (MP) to be washed from cotton leaves before being absorbed. The objective of this research was to evaluate the MC persistence when applied on cotton plants submitted to different rain intensities after spraying. The treatments were three MC rates: 0, 15.0 and 30.0 g a.i. ha-1 and four simulated rainfalls, applied 90 minutes after MC spraying: 5, 10, 20 and 40 mm, plus a treatment without rain. Cotton plants of the cv. Delta Opal were grown in 12 L pots f

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Guan, K., S. P. Good, K. K. Caylor, H. Sato, E. F. Wood, and H. Li. "Continental-scale impacts of intra-seasonal rainfall variability on simulated ecosystem responses in Africa." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 5 (2014): 7575–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-7575-2014.

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Abstract. Climate change is expected to result in an increase of intra-seasonal rainfall variability, which has arisen from concurrent shifts in rainfall frequency, intensity and seasonality. Changes in intra-seasonal rainfall variability are likely to have important ecological impacts for terrestrial ecosystems, and quantifying these impacts across biomes and large climate gradients is required for a better prediction of ecosystem services and their responses to climate change. Here we use a synthetic weather generator and an advanced vegetation dynamic model (SEIB-DGVM) to virtually conduct

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Sansom, John, and James A. Renwick. "Climate Change Scenarios for New Zealand Rainfall." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 46, no. 5 (2007): 573–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2491.1.

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Abstract In terms of the effects of future climate change upon society, some of the most important parameters to estimate are associated with changing risks of extreme rainfall events, both floods and droughts. However, such aspects of the climate system are hard to estimate well using general circulation models (GCMs)—in particular, for a small mountainous landmass such as New Zealand. This paper describes a downscaling technique using broad-scale changes simulated by GCMs to select past analogs of future climate. The analog samples are assumed to represent an unbiased sample of future rainfa

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Guan, K., S. P. Good, K. K. Caylor, H. Sato, E. F. Wood, and H. Li. "Continental-scale impacts of intra-seasonal rainfall variability on simulated ecosystem responses in Africa." Biogeosciences 11, no. 23 (2014): 6939–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-6939-2014.

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Abstract. Climate change is expected to modify intra-seasonal rainfall variability, arising from shifts in rainfall frequency, intensity and seasonality. These intra-seasonal changes are likely to have important ecological impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, quantifying these impacts across biomes and large climate gradients is largely missing. This gap hinders our ability to better predict ecosystem services and their responses to climate change, especially for arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Here we use a synthetic weather generator and an independently validated vegetation dynamic model

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Isidoro, Jorge M. G. P., and João L. M. P. de Lima. "Hydraulic system to ensure constant rainfall intensity (over time) when using nozzle rainfall simulators." Hydrology Research 46, no. 5 (2015): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2015.087.

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Rainfall simulation is widely used in the laboratory and in field work to produce artificial rainfall for small-scale surface hydrology and soil erosion studies. Simulated rainfall produced by simulators must be predictable, accurate and consistent to be useful to model the related physical processes. Pressure fluctuations in the water supply system frequently cause variation in rainfall intensity during simulated events. This study describes a hydraulic system that is attached to the outlet (nozzle) of a rainfall simulator to ensure constant pressure and discharge, which consequently facilita

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10

Umer, Yakob, Janneke Ettema, Victor Jetten, Gert-Jan Steeneveld, and Reinder Ronda. "Evaluation of the WRF Model to Simulate a High-Intensity Rainfall Event over Kampala, Uganda." Water 13, no. 6 (2021): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060873.

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Simulating high-intensity rainfall events that trigger local floods using a Numerical Weather Prediction model is challenging as rain-bearing systems are highly complex and localized. In this study, we analyze the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model’s capability in simulating a high-intensity rainfall event using a variety of parameterization combinations over the Kampala catchment, Uganda. The study uses the high-intensity rainfall event that caused the local flood hazard on 25 June 2012 as a case study. The model capability to simulate the high-intensity rainfall

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Wang, Xiaoxian, and Huaxing Bi. "The Effects of Rainfall Intensities and Duration on SCS-CN Model Parameters under Simulated Rainfall." Water 12, no. 6 (2020): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061595.

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The Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) method has been widely used in rainfall-runoff modelling; however, the direct effects of rainfall intensities and duration, which are major factors in hydrological engineering design, on its parameters (initial abstraction ratio (λ) and potential maximum storage (S), the latter is transformed into curve number (CN)) have seldom been studied. In this study, we chose simulated rainfall experiments on runoff plots (30 mm/h, 180 min; 60 mm/h, 90 min; 90 mm/h, 60 min) to obtain synchronized rainfall-runoff data and calculated the parameters using

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12

Almeida, Wilk S. de, Daniel F. de Carvalho, Fernandes A. C. Pereira, and Janaína R. C. Rouws. "Sediment production and soil water infiltration under different simulated rainfall characteristics." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 8 (2019): 572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n8p572-578.

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ABSTRACT The study was carried out to evaluate sediment production, water infiltration and surface runoff in an Ultisol under simulated rainfalls with similar erosivity, but different combinations of intensity (Int) and duration (Dur). The rainfalls were applied after soil tillage in the period from August to September 2017, in Seropédica, RJ State, Brazil. Using a computer program, the treatments were defined from the erosivity calculated for a rainfall with intensity of 60 mm h-1 and duration of 60 min, resulting in the other combinations of Int and Dur: 44.5 mm h-1 and 106 min; 53.5 mm h-1

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Brown, Josephine R., Christian Jakob, and John M. Haynes. "An Evaluation of Rainfall Frequency and Intensity over the Australian Region in a Global Climate Model." Journal of Climate 23, no. 24 (2010): 6504–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3571.1.

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Abstract Observed regional rainfall characteristics can be analyzed by examining both the frequency and intensity of different categories of rainfall. A complementary approach is to consider rainfall characteristics associated with regional synoptic regimes. These two approaches are combined here to examine daily rainfall characteristics over the Australian region, providing a target for model simulations. Using gridded daily rainfall data for the period 1997–2007, rainfall at each grid point and averaged over several sites is decomposed into the frequency of rainfall events and the intensity

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Shao, W., T. A. Bogaard, M. Bakker, and R. Greco. "Quantification of the influence of preferential flow on slope stability using a numerical modelling approach." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 5 (2015): 2197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2197-2015.

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Abstract. The effect of preferential flow on the stability of landslides is studied through numerical simulation of two types of rainfall events on a hypothetical hillslope. A model is developed that consists of two parts. The first part is a model for combined saturated/unsaturated subsurface flow and is used to compute the spatial and temporal water pressure response to rainfall. Preferential flow is simulated with a dual-permeability continuum model consisting of a matrix domain coupled to a preferential flow domain. The second part is a soil mechanics model and is used to compute the spati

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Junaid N. Khan, Raouf Aslam, and Asima Jillani. "Impact of Land Management Practices on Runoff, Soil Loss and Infiltration Under Simulated Rainfall." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 56, no. 1 (2019): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2019561.1677.

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A laboratory study was conducted to quantify the effects of various land management practices on runoff, soil loss and infiltration under simulated rainfall conditions. A prototype rainfall simulator was designed and tested in the laboratory to simulate rainfall at 100 mm.h-1 intensity over different land management practices. The effect of five land management practices on runoff, infiltration and soil loss were evaluated for a set of rainfall intensity (100 mm.h-1), rainfall duration (15 min) and raindrop size/ pore size of the nozzle (3.5 mm). The considered management practices were intens

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16

Rončević, Vukašin, Nikola Živanović, John H. van Boxel, Thomas Iserloh, and Snežana Štrbac. "Dripping Rainfall Simulators for Soil Research—Performance Review." Water 15, no. 7 (2023): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15071314.

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Rainfall simulators represent often-used equipment for soil research. Depending on their performance, they could be appropriate for some soil research or not. The aim of this research is to provide insight into the capabilities of existing dripping rainfall simulators (DRS) to mimic natural rainfall and the frequency of simulated rainfalls of certain characteristics, facilitate the selection of rain simulators that would best meet the needs of soil research and to reach a step closer to the standardization of rainfall simulators. DRS performance was analyzed integrally, for simulators with mor

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17

Fankhauser, R. "Measurement properties of tipping bucket rain gauges and their influence on urban runoff simulation." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 8-9 (1997): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0636.

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Tipping bucket rain gauges (TBR) have become the most common device for measuring rainfall intensity in urban hydrology. Due to the measurement principle, the time resolution depends on rainfall intensity and bucket size. The present study investigated the influence of calibration uncertainties and bucket size on the accuracy of rainfall measurement and runoff simulation. Synthetic rainfall events with a time resolution of 6 seconds were generated from measured data. These rainfall series were taken as input to a model that simulated a TBR. Different TBR data series were produced by changing c

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18

Santos, César Gabriel dos, Leonardo Nabaes Romano, Alexandre Aparecido Buenos, Antonio Carlos Valdiero, Alexandre Russini, and Saul Azzolin Bonaldo. "Measurement of the kinetic energy of rainfall simulated by different commercial sprinkler head." Brazilian Journal of Development 9, no. 1 (2023): 5597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n1-381.

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The kinetic energy of simulated rainfall is one of the parameters used to study the effect produced on the soil or a given crop. About this theme, we aim to determine the applicability of three commercial sprinkler heads for use in rainfall simulators by verifying the kinetic energy of the generated rainfall. Using an experimental workbench, the sprinkler heads were positioned at heights of 1.1, 2.1, and 3.1 m under pressures of 50, 100, and 150 kPa, which, when combined, generated 27 treatments with six repetitions. Using a disdrometer, the values for intensity (mm h-1) and kinetic energy (J.

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19

Shao, W., T. A. Bogaard, M. Bakker, and R. Greco. "Quantification of the influence of preferential flow on slope stability using a numerical modeling approach." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 11 (2014): 13055–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-13055-2014.

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Abstract. The effect of preferential flow on the stability of landslides is studied through numerical simulation of two types of rainfall events on a hypothetical hillslope. A model is developed that consists of two parts. The first part is a model for combined saturated/unsaturated subsurface flow and is used to compute the spatial and temporal water pressure response to rainfall. Preferential flow is simulated with a dual-permeability continuum model consisting of a matrix domain coupled to a preferential flow domain. The second part is a~soil mechanics model and is used to compute the spati

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20

Ran, Qihua, Feng Wang, and Jihui Gao. "Modelling Effects of Rainfall Patterns on Runoff Generation and Soil Erosion Processes on Slopes." Water 11, no. 11 (2019): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112221.

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Rainfall patterns and landform characteristics are controlling factors in runoff and soil erosion processes. At a hillslope scale, there is still a lack of understanding of how rainfall temporal patterns affect these processes, especially on slopes with a wide range of gradients and length scales. Using a physically-based distributed hydrological model (InHM), these processes under different rainfall temporal patterns were simulated to illustrate this issue. Five rainfall patterns (constant, increasing, decreasing, rising-falling and falling-rising) were applied to slopes, whose gradients rang

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Yu, Peng, Wenqing Shi, Zhonghua Cao, et al. "Numerical Analysis of Seepage Field Response Characteristics of Weathered Granite Landslides under Fluctuating Rainfall Conditions." Water 16, no. 14 (2024): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16141996.

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The threat and destructiveness of landslide disasters caused by extreme rainfall are increasing. Rainfall intensity is a key factor in the mechanism of rainfall-induced landslides. However, under natural conditions, rainfall intensity is highly variable. This study focuses on the Fanling landslide and investigates the effects of varying rainfall intensity amplitudes, rainfall durations, and total rainfall amounts on landslide behavior. Three experimental groups were established, and ten rainfall conditions were simulated numerically to analyze the seepage field response of the landslide under

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22

Singh, Sachin Kumar, Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma, Salwan Ali Abed, et al. "Soil erosion control from trash residues at varying land slopes under simulated rainfall conditions." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 20, no. 6 (2023): 11403–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023506.

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<abstract> <p>Trash mulches are remarkably effective in preventing soil erosion, reducing runoff-sediment transport-erosion, and increasing infiltration. The study was carried out to observe the sediment outflow from sugar cane leaf (trash) mulch treatments at selected land slopes under simulated rainfall conditions using a rainfall simulator of size 10 m × 1.2 m × 0.5 m with the locally available soil material collected from Pantnagar. In the present study, trash mulches with different quantities were selected to observe the effect of mulching on soil loss reduction. The number of

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23

Brodie, Ian M., and Prasanna Egodawatta. "Relationships between rainfall intensity, duration and suspended particle washoff from an urban road surface." Hydrology Research 42, no. 4 (2011): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2011.117.

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A basic understanding of the relationships between rainfall intensity, duration of rainfall and the amount of suspended particles in stormwater runoff generated from road surfaces has been gained mainly from past washoff experiments using rainfall simulators. Simulated rainfall was generally applied at constant intensities, whereas rainfall temporal patterns during actual storms are typically highly variable. This paper discusses a rationale for the application of the constant-intensity washoff concepts to actual storm event runoff. The rationale is tested using suspended particle load data co

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Liu, Yanan, Maohui Zheng, and Nianqing Zhou. "Analysis on Impact of Land Use Change on Urban Waterlogging Caused by Floods." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 03036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123303036.

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In recent years, ultra-high-intensity rainfall at home and abroad has caused frequent urban waterlogging disasters, posing a severe threat to people’s lives, property and city’s safety. Based on the satellite image data of Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone in different periods and the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), this paper establishes a model of heavy rainfall under the underlying surface of a complex city, and analyses topographic features, different land use types, rainfall infiltration intensity and the characteristics of the drainage pipe network. The rainwater accumulation unde

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Kim, Haksoo, Teakjo Ko, Hyangseon Jeong, and Sungje Ye. "The Development of a Methodology for Calibrating a Large-Scale Laboratory Rainfall Simulator." Atmosphere 9, no. 11 (2018): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110427.

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The objective of this study was to establish a method to calibrate a large-scale laboratory rainfall simulator through developing and implementing an automated rainfall collection system to assess the reliability and accuracy of a rainfall simulator. The automated rainfall collection system was designed to overcome the limitations caused by the traditional manual measurement for obtaining the rainfall intensity and the spatial rainfall distribution in a large experimental area. The developed automated rainfall collection system was implemented to calibrate a large-scale laboratory rainfall sim

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Chen, Dongkai, Jiaorong Lv, Han Luo, and Yongsheng Xie. "Evolution of Surface Drainage Network for Spoil Heaps under Simulated Rainfall." Water 13, no. 23 (2021): 3475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233475.

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Spoil heaps laid from the infrastructure building sites or the mining sites are confoundedly prone to accelerated soil erosion and inducing debris flows on extreme rainfall occasion, thus threatening water quality and personal safety. In present study, the roughness and drainage network evolution of the loess spoil heap (a 33° slope gradient) were investigated via indoor simulation experiment under three rainfall intensities (60, 90, and 120 mm/h). A detailed scan of the slope using laser scanner, topographic analysis based on ArcGIS software, and statistical analyses were the main methods uti

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Das, P., K. Mahmud, and S. Karmaker. "Surface-Runoff Characteristics under Simulated Rainfall Conditions." Progressive Agriculture 24, no. 1-2 (2014): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v24i1-2.19175.

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This paper describes a rainfall-runoff simulation study, conducted in a laboratory to investigate surface runoff characteristics, verify unit hydrograph assumption and investigate the nature of the recession constant. A hydrology bench consisting of a metallic tray with an over head sprinkler system was used for this study. The metallic tray with soil bed and a river network acted as a small catchment. The over head sprinkler system consisting of spray nozzles acted as rainfall simulator. Different rainfall intensities and durations were taken as the treatments for the experiments. Surface run

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Yang, Chun Xia, Bin Zhen, Li Li, Jing Huang, and Peng Jiao. "Erosion Characteristics Based on GIS and Fractal Dimensions." Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (July 2011): 1142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.1142.

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Soil erosion processes and erosion distribution was research focus to establish distributed mathematical equation in the soil erosion areas, GIS techniques and fractal theory provide a means to advance these studies.Slope erosion patterns of bare slope was studied under rainfall intensities of 45、90 and 130mm/h with 20°slope gradient using simulated rainfall experiment. The results showed that the time of rill appeared of lower rainfall intensity was later than that of high rainfall intensity；Within the rainfall time，the rill scale expanded increased with the increasing of rainfall intensity;

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Sharafi, Saeed, Mehdi Mohammadi Ghaleni, and Deirdre Dragovich. "Simulated Runoff and Erosion on Soils from Wheat Agroecosystems with Different Water Management Systems, Iran." Land 12, no. 9 (2023): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12091790.

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In developing countries, the demand for food has increased with significant increases in population. Greater demands are therefore being placed on the agricultural sector to increase production. This has led to increased soil erosion, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The aim of this study was to simulate runoff and erosion on soils of three different wheat agroecosystems (rainfed farming, traditional irrigation, and industrial irrigation systems). The effect of variations in soil texture, slopes (1, 3 and 5%) and rainfall intensity (10, 25 and 40 mm h−1) on runoff volume, runoff coeff

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Myers, J. L., M. G. Wagger, and R. B. Leidy. "Chemical Movement in Relation to Tillage System and Simulated Rainfall Intensity." Journal of Environmental Quality 24, no. 6 (1995): 1183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400060019x.

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Keim, R. F., A. E. Skaugset, and M. Weiler. "Storage of water on vegetation under simulated rainfall of varying intensity." Advances in Water Resources 29, no. 7 (2006): 974–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.07.017.

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Ahmed, S. I., R. P. Rudra, B. Gharabaghi, K. Mackenzie, and W. T. Dickinson. "Within-Storm Rainfall Distribution Effect on Soil Erosion Rate." ISRN Soil Science 2012 (June 21, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/310927.

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This study investigates the effect of rainfall temporal distribution pattern within a storm event on soil erosion rate and the possibility of using rain power type model for rainfall erosivity. Various rainfall distribution patterns, simulated by rainfall simulator, were used on 1.0 m2 plot of silica sand and loam soil with a minimum of three replications. The results show that the soil erosion rates spiked following every sharp increase in rainfall intensity followed by a gradual decline to a steady erosion rate. Transient effects resulted in the soil erosion rates for an oscillatory rainfall

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Ma, Baoguo, Ronghao Guan, Liang Liu, et al. "Nitrogen Loss in Vegetable Field under the Simulated Rainfall Experiments in Hebei, China." Water 13, no. 4 (2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040552.

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Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the main factors contaminating the environment. However, the impact of rainfall on loss of non-point nitrogen is far from well understood. Based on the artificial rainfall simulation experiments to monitor the loss of dissolved nitrogen (DN) in surface runoff and interflow of vegetable field, this study analyzed the effects of rainfall intensity and fertilization scheme on nitrogen (N) loss. The results indicated that fertilizer usage is the main factor affecting the nitrogen loss in surface runoff, while runoff and rainfall intensity play impo

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Agassi, M., and GJ Levy. "Stone cover and rain intensity - Effects on infiltration, erosion and water splash." Soil Research 29, no. 4 (1991): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9910565.

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The effects of level of stone cover, stone size and rain intensity on infiltration, erosion and water splash from a silty loam soil (Calcic Haploxeralf) were studied using a laboratory rainfall simulator. Square asbestos cement plates (5 mm thick), measuring 100 and 2500 mm2, were used to simulate stones. Three levels of surface cover (0, 25 and 50% cover) and two rain intensities (21 and 45 mm h-1) were studied. An increase in the level of stone cover increased infiltration and reduced erosion. The size of the asbestos cement plates had no effect on either infiltration or erosion. An increase

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Serinaldi, F. "Multifractality, imperfect scaling and hydrological properties of rainfall time series simulated by continuous universal multifractal and discrete random cascade models." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 17, no. 6 (2010): 697–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-17-697-2010.

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Abstract. Discrete multiplicative random cascade (MRC) models were extensively studied and applied to disaggregate rainfall data, thanks to their formal simplicity and the small number of involved parameters. Focusing on temporal disaggregation, the rationale of these models is based on multiplying the value assumed by a physical attribute (e.g., rainfall intensity) at a given time scale L, by a suitable number b of random weights, to obtain b attribute values corresponding to statistically plausible observations at a smaller L/b time resolution. In the original formulation of the MRC models,

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Repullo-Ruibérriz de Torres, Miguel A., Francisco Pérez-Serrano, Manuel Moreno-García, Rosa M. Carbonell-Bojollo, Rafaela Ordóñez-Fernández, and Antonio Rodríguez-Lizana. "The Use of Pruning Residue Mulch and Spontaneous Groundcovers to Control Erosion and Carbon Loss in Olive Orchards." Agriculture 15, no. 7 (2025): 677. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15070677.

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Many olive orchards are rainfed and located on poor and sloping soil. Tillage is the most common soil management system, leaving the soil vulnerable to erosion. Pruning is a frequently used field operation in olive orchards that generates biomass; thus, pruning residue can be shredded and used as mulch to cover and nourish the soil. Several strategies using pruning residue mulch and spontaneous groundcovers were established to study their effect on controlling runoff, erosion and soil organic carbon (SOC) loss under simulated rainfall. The simulation trials were conducted under two different i

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Nolan, S. C., L. J. P. van Vliet, T. W. Goddard, and T. K. Flesch. "Estimating storm erosion with a rainfall simulator." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 77, no. 4 (1997): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s96-079.

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Interpreting soil loss from rainfall simulators is complicated by the uncertain relationship between simulated and natural rainstorms. Our objective was to develop and test a method for estimating soil loss from natural rainfall using a portable rainfall simulator (1 m2 plot size). Soil loss from 12 rainstorms was measured on 144-m2 plots with barley residue in conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and zero tillage (ZT) conditions. A corresponding "simulated" soil loss was calculated by matching the simulator erosivity to each storm's erosivity. High (140 mm h−1) and low (60 mm h−1)

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Huang, Jun, Pute Wu, and Xining Zhao. "Effects of rainfall intensity, underlying surface and slope gradient on soil infiltration under simulated rainfall experiments." CATENA 104 (May 2013): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2012.10.013.

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Wei, Shue, Kuandi Zhang, Chenglong Liu, Youdong Cen, and Junqiang Xia. "Effects of different vegetation components on soil erosion and response to rainfall intensity under simulated rainfall." CATENA 235 (February 2024): 107652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107652.

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Wang, Ning, and Xuefeng Chu. "A Modified SCS Curve Number Method for Temporally Varying Rainfall Excess Simulation." Water 15, no. 13 (2023): 2374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15132374.

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The SCS curve number (SCS-CN) method has gained widespread popularity for simulating rainfall excess in various rainfall events due to its simplicity and practicality. However, it possesses inherent structural issues that limit its performance in accurately simulating rainfall excess and infiltration over time. The objective of this study was to develop a modified CN method with temporally varying rainfall intensity (MCN-TVR) by combining a soil moisture accounting (SMA) based SCS-CN method with the SMA method in the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS). In the

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Carroll, Mark J., Robert L. Hill, Emy Pfeil, and Albert E. Herner. "Washoff of Dicamba and 3,6-Dichlorosalicylic Acid from Turfgrass Foliage." Weed Technology 7, no. 2 (1993): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00027858.

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The functional relationships between rainfall intensities and amounts, and the washoff of dicamba and 3,6-DCSA from turfgrass foliage were determined. Dicamba was applied to Kentucky bluegrass field plots and the turfgrass was subjected to 2 to 58 mm of simulated rainfall 18 to 48 h later. Rainfall was applied at an average intensity of 20.6 or 39.9 mm h−1. The 39.9 mm h−1intensity reduced dicamba washoff by 10% for a given amount of rainfall. Washoff of 3,6-DCSA was independent of rainfall intensity. When averaged over intensities, washoff of dicamba was best described by the equation y = 1 −

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Zhou, Jianpeng, Azadeh Akhavan Bloorchian, Sina Nassiri, and Abdolreza Osouli. "A Simplified Model for Predicting the Effectiveness of Bioswale’s Control on Stormwater Runoff from Roadways." Water 13, no. 20 (2021): 2798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13202798.

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Bioswales are commonly constructed along roadways to control stormwater runoff. Many factors can affect the performance of a bioswale such as the size of the bioswale and its associated drainage area, rainfall characteristics, site conditions, soil properties, and deterioration of the bioswale’s condition over usage. Transportation agencies and engineering communities need a reliable and convenient method for predicting the effectiveness of bioswale. Although available software tools can be used to model and analyze design options, input values for a large number of variables and highly skille

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Bateni, Norazlina, Sai Hin Lai, Frederik Josep Putuhena, Darrien Yau Seng Mah, and Md Abdul Mannan. "A Rainfall Simulator Used for Testing of Hydrological Performances of Micro-Detention Permeable Pavement." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.18 (2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16671.

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A rainfall simulator for laboratory experimentation is developed to test hydrological performances of micro-detention pond permeable pavement, MDPP. Rainfall characteristics consisting of rainfall intensity, spatial uniformity, raindrop size, and raindrop velocity show that natural rainfall is simulated with sufficient accuracy. The rainfall simulator used pressure nozzles to spray water for rainfall intensity from 40 to 220mm/hr. Uniformity distribution test gives coefficient of uniformity of 95% over an area of 1m2. The raindrops falling at velocity ranging from 0.5 to 15m/s with drop sizes

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Wu, Xiyuan, Xingxiu Yu, Yujiao Gao, and Guirong Wang. "Different Impacts of Rainfall Intensity on Surface Runoff and Sediment Loss between Huang-mian Soil and Brown Soil." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 20, no. 2 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2017_2/01.

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Huang-mian soil and brown soil are typical soils in Loess Plateau and Yimeng mountainous area, respectively. The differences of surface runoff and sediment loss between the two soils are important to special environmental protection management in two areas. In order to study the impacts of rainfall intensity on surface runoff and sediment from Huang-mian soil and brown soil, four simulated rainfalls were applied on fields with different soils on a laboratory scale. Huang-mian soil under 60×10-3 m hr-1 had the shortest runoff occurrence time, while brown soil under 30×10-3 m hr-1had the longest

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Lindgren, Ville, Tero Niemi, Harri Koivusalo, and Teemu Kokkonen. "Value of Spatially Distributed Rainfall Design Events—Creating Basin-Scale Stochastic Design Storm Ensembles." Water 15, no. 17 (2023): 3066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15173066.

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Current design storms used in hydrological modeling, urban planning, and dimensioning of structures are typically point-scale rainfall events with a steady rainfall intensity or a simple temporal intensity pattern. This can lead to oversimplified results because real rainfall events have more complex patterns than simple design series. In addition, the interest of hydrologists is usually in areal estimates rather than point values, most commonly in river-basin-wide areal mean rainfall estimates. By utilizing weather radar data and the short-term ensemble prediction system pySTEPS, which has so

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Ma, Yichun, Zhongwu Li, Liang Tian, et al. "Erosion of Granite Red Soil Slope and Processes of Subsurface Flow Generation, Prediction, and Simulation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (2023): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032104.

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A deeper understanding of the rainfall–flow processes can improve the knowledge of the rain-driven erosional processes in coarse-textured agricultural soil. In this study, on the red soil slope farmland developed from weathered granite, a simulated rainfall experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of rainfall redistribution, the processes of surface–subsurface flow generation and prediction, and sediment production. Rainfalls with three intensities of 45, 90, and 135 mm h−1 with a duration of 90 min were applied to the weathered granite red soil with the slope gradient of 10°. Und

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Tian, Haojun, and Zhigang Kong. "Influence of Rainfall Intensity and Slope on the Slope Erosion of Longling Completely Weathered Granite." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (2023): 5295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095295.

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Serious slope erosion occurs in the distribution areas of fully weathered granites, and rainfall intensity and slope gradient are important factors affecting slope erosion. In this study, we investigate the erosion characteristics of Longling completely weather granites with a focus on the effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient. Based on an indoor 60-min simulated rainfall test, we selected four slope gradients (10°, 20°, 30°, and 40°) and three rainfall intensities (50, 80, and 110 mm/h) for evaluation. A total of 12 groups of tests were conducted to analyze the erosion and surface

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J. J. Stone, G. B. Paige, and R. H. Hawkins. "Rainfall Intensity-Dependent Infiltration Rates on Rangeland Rainfall Simulator Plots." Transactions of the ASABE 51, no. 1 (2008): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24226.

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Bicki, Thomas J., and Lei Guo. "Tillage and Simulated Rainfall Intensity Effect on Bromide Movement in an Argiudoll." Soil Science Society of America Journal 55, no. 3 (1991): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500030027x.

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Zaki, Muhammad Hazwan, Mastura Azmi, Siti Aimi Nadia Mohd Yusoff, Muhd Harris Ramli, and Mohd Azril Hezmi. "Effect of Extreme Rainfall Intensity on Matric Suction and Ground Movement." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019501022.

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Increased intensity of rainfall events due to extreme climate change has led to the substantial increase in the occurrence of disasters, especially in a tropical-climate country such as Malaysia. Rainfall-induced landslide has become one of the most common types of disasters, and its triggering factors are still uncertain and impossible to predict. In this study, the effect of extreme rainfall intensity on groundwater behaviour is addressed through laboratory-scale testing. The adopted rainfall intensity is 60 mm/h, which was the heaviest hourly rainfall intensity recorded in Sarawak on 3rd Ja

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