Academic literature on the topic 'Intensive rearing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Intensive rearing"
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Roo, Francisco Javier, Carmen María Hernández-Cruz, Juan Antonio Socorro, Hipólito Fernández-Palacios, and María Soledad Izquierdo. "Advances in rearing techniques ofPagrus pagrus,(Linnaeus, 1758): comparison between intensive and semi-intensive larval rearing systems." Aquaculture Research 41, no. 3 (February 2010): 433–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02244.x.
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Rahayu H. S., I., S. Darwati, and A. Mu'iz. "Morfometrik Ayam Broiler dengan Pemeliharaan Intensif dan Akses Free Range di Daerah Tropis." Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jipthp.7.2.75-80.
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Broiler developed to produce meat in a fast manner. Generally, broiler reared by intensive system. Rearing system can be split into two kinds, intensive and free-range rearing system. The aim of this research was assessing the morphometric size of male and female broiler which are raised under intensive and free-range systems. Rearing systems was not have influence on the morphometric size of the chicken except in the length of the tibia, femur, and wing on the third week. Sex have real impact on the length of shank, tibia, wings, femur, and chest circumference, and also significantly affect the width and depth of the chest, neck, and spine lenght in fifth week. Rearing systems both intensive and free-range produced same frame size on broiler chicken.
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Kolkovski, Sagiv, John Curnow, and Justin King. "Intensive rearing system for fish larvae research." Aquacultural Engineering 31, no. 3-4 (October 2004): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2004.05.004.
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Ghayas, A., J. Hussain, A. Mahmud, and M. H. Jaspal. "Evaluation of three fast- and slow-growing chicken strains reared in two production environments." South African Journal of Animal Science 50, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v50i3.4.
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The present study evaluated performance, physiological response and economics of commercial fast growing (CFG), commercial slow growing (CSG), and Rhode Island Red (RIR) chickens under intensive and free-range rearing environments. After 21 days of rearing under the same intensive environment 240 birds from each strain were subjected to free-range and intensive rearing until they were 56 days old. Each treatment was replicated six times with 20 birds in each replicate. Body surface and cloacal temperatures, respiration and heart rates, feed intake, bodyweight and weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, growth efficiency, and liveability were recorded. Significant differences among strains were detected in physiological response and growth performance (except liveability). Rearing environment also caused significant differences in physiological parameters (except body surface temperature) and growth performance (except liveability). Significant interactions of the strains and production systems were detected. The CFG strain grew most rapidly under the intensive system with differences between strains being reduced in the free-range system. The RSG and CSG strains had similar respiration rates under the two production systems but differed significantly from each other. However, the CFG strain had a significantly elevated respiration rate in the free-range system. Total input cost of rearing CFG under the intensive system was highest ($3.54) among the treatments, whereas CSG under a free-range environment generated the highest profit ($0.37 per bird). In conclusion, rearing CSG under free range was the most economic farming strategy in today’s scenario.Keywords: economics, fast-growing, free range, growth, intensive system, physiology, slow-growing rural chickens
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Kuzniacka, Joanna, Marek Adamski, Rafal Czarnecki, and Miroslaw Banaszak. "Results of Rearing Broiler Chickens Under Various Systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 6, no. 4 (March 15, 2014): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n4p19.
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The aim of the study was comparison of the results of rearing broilers kept under intensive and semi-intensive systems, fed with complete feeds with an addition of various proportions of wheat grain. The study was carried out on 100 broilers, HUBBARD – FLEX, of both sexes. The birds were reared up to 42 days of age in an intensive system (group I), as well as in a semi-intensive system (group II). In the 5th week of rearing, in the nutrition of group II, 30% of complete feed was replaced with wheat grain, increasing its proportion in the dose up to 50% in the last week of rearing. System of keeping broilers did not affect significantly their bodyweight at the end of rearing, as well as their meat yield and muscle content in carcasses. Chicken fed with complete feeds, kept under an intensive system were distinguished by higher fattiness expressed as an abdominal fat weight, as well as by lower average intake of feed mixtures per individual broiler.
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Bogosavljević-Bosković, S., V. Kurćubić, M. Petrović, and V. Dosković. "The effects of season and rearing systems on meat quality traits." Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 8 (December 5, 2011): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3953-cjas.
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With the aim to examine the effect of season and rearing system on major broiler meat quality traits appropriate experimental investigations were conducted. Trial material included a total of 800 one-day-old broilers of the Hybro line hybrid. The experiment was organized in two replications, as trial I (conducted in the spring season) and trial II (conducted in the summer season). Two broiler fattening methods were employed, the intensive and semi-intensive one (using free-range rearing). The experimental chicks were slaughtered after seven weeks of fattening. Following the fattening period, 60 broilers (30 broilers from each experimental group) were chosen at random and slaughtered, with the aim of examining major broiler meat quality traits. At the slaughter line, determination of meat quantitative traits was done accompanied by sampling for chemical analyses. The rearing systems (intensive and semi-intensive system) affected significantly (P < 0.05) the proportion of class I meat in the broilers reared under the semi-intensive system, whereas in the class II and III meat proportions the rearing system did not exert any statistically significant effect (P > 0.05). The broilers reared under the semi-intensive system had a 1.44% higher proportion of muscular tissue on average than the intensively reared ones (P < 0.01). The bone and skin proportion was 0.82 and 0.67% lower in the broilers reared by the semi-intensive method (P < 0.05). The differences between the results of two trials organised at different seasons were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The broilers reared semi-intensively had a statistically highly significantly higher protein proportion (P < 0.01) in breasts, drumsticks and thighs compared to the intensively reared broilers. The broilers reared in the summer season had higher breast and drumstick proportions (P < 0.01) as well as a higher thigh proportion (P < 0.05). The effect of both the season and the rearing system on the lipid content in the breasts, thighs and drumsticks was statistically highly significant (P < 0.01). The lipid content in the breasts, thighs and drumsticks was higher in the broilers during the summer season as well as in the intensively reared chicken. Finally, having thoroughly examined the research results, or more precisely, considering the established advantages in terms of the meat quality, the use of the free-range broiler rearing system can be deemed scientifically and professionally justifiable.
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Bogosavljevic-Boskovic, S., S. Mitrovic, V. Doskovic, S. Rakonjac, and V. Kurcubic. "Carcass composition and chemical characteristics of meat from broiler chickens reared under intensive and semiintensive systems." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 4 (2011): 1595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1104595b.
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Poultry rearing systems have captured the attention of scientists for many years. A number of attempts have been made to introduce new technologies in rearing poultry for meat and egg production aiming at improving rearing conditions, protecting the environment and enhancing the quality of poultry products. Given the above, the objective of this study was to present the results of an evaluation of the effect of rearing system on major meat quality traits (percent yield of primal cuts in cold carcasses, tissue percentage in major primal cuts and chemical composition of muscle tissue). The experiment involved a total of 400 Hybro broilers reared under two different systems (intensive and semi-intensive systems). The fattening period and slaughter and dressing procedures were followed by measurement and meat sampling for chemical analysis. The results obtained show that broilers reared under the semi-intensive system had a somewhat higher percentage of drumsticks and breasts i.e. first class meat, as well as a higher percentage of breast and thigh muscles. Moreover, the protein content of breast, thigh and drumstick muscles was higher in broilers reared under semi-intensive conditions. As for the fat content of primal cuts, it was found to exhibit higher values in broilers reared under the intensive system. Overall, the results suggest better performance for most traits in free range broilers reared under semi-intensive conditions as compared to those reared intensively.
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Austin, B., and D. Allen-Austin. "Microbial quality of water in intensive fish rearing." Journal of Applied Bacteriology 59 (December 1985): 207S—226S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1985.tb04901.x.
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Kolkovski, Sagiv, John Curnow, and Justin King. "Intensive rearing system for fish larvae research II." Aquacultural Engineering 31, no. 3-4 (October 2004): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2004.05.005.
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Ramadhana, W. A., D. Sunarti, and T. A. Sarjana. "PRODUKSI KARKAS DAN PERSENTASE LEMAK ABDOMINAL ITIK TEGAL JANTAN DENGAN SISTEM PEMELIHARAAN INTENSIF DAN SEMI INTENSIF DI KTT BULUSARI PEMALANG." JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU 7, no. 1 (May 20, 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jipt.v7i1.p173-179.
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The aims of this study was to determine the differences in intensive and semi-intensive rearing systems on body weight, carcass weight, percentage of abdominal fat, and relative income for producing carcasses of Male Tegal duck in KTT Bulusari, Pemalang. The study was conducted on April - May 2018, in Bulusari farmer group’s farm at Bulu Village, Petarukan, Pemalang District, and Central Java. The material used in this study was male Tegal ducks from 10 farmers at the Bulu Village with the object were in Petarukan Sub-district consisting of 5 semi-intensive and 5 intensive rearing systems. Tegal duck is maintained for 42 days. This research was a quantitative descriptive research that interprets a data from a research sample analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that male Tegal ducks that were kept intensively in Bulusari farmer group’s farm had higher body weight, carcass weight, percentage of abdominal fat and relative income than semi intensive reared duck (P < 0,05). The conclusion of this study was intensively reared ducks had higher carcass production and percentage of abdominal fat than semi intensively reared ducks. Keywords: Tegal Duck, Rearing System, Carcass Production, Percentage of Abdominal Fat, Relative Income
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Intensive rearing"
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Faircloth, Charlotte Rosemary. "Mothering as identity work : 'long-term' breastfeeding, attachment parenting and intensive motherhood." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611844.
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Chapman, Jason Wayne. "Investigations into the behaviour of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: muscidae), towards chemical and visual stimuli, in relation to control in intensive animal rearing units." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243172.
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Fontaine, Pascal. "Application de techniques aquariologiques à la production d'alevins de truite arc-en-ciel, Oncorhynchus mykiss w. , en circuit fermé : importance des facteurs alimentaires." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_FONTAINE_P.pdf.
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Les techniques aquariologiques simples utilisées à l'aquarium tropical de Nancy et appliquées à l'aquaculture, sont testées dans le cadre d'une production d'alevins de truite arc-en-ciel, Oncorhynchus mykiss w. , de 1 g en eau recyclée (18-20°C). Leur adaptation aux exigences d'un élevage intensif et à la réalisation d'un prototype de bassin d'alevinage (1,8 m³) ne présente aucune difficulté majeure. À partir de larves d'un poids moyen initial de 0,12-0,19 g et d'une densité à l'empoissonnement de 12 000 à 15 000 individus par bassin, cet équipement, fonctionnant en circuit fermé total, permet la production en 28 jours et avec un taux de survie supérieur à 90%, d'alevins de 1 g d'un état sanitaire irréprochable. Des taux moyens de croissance favorables (22,8 mg/j/ind. Pour la phase alevin de 0,12-0,5 g) et des indices de conversion alimentaire compris entre 0,70 et 0,74, proches des valeurs standards (0,69) sont obtenus à l'aide d'un aliment pressé traditionnel. L'utilisation d'un aliment à plus haute valeur énergétique enrichi en lipides (4%) et appauvri en protéines (6%) assure une amélioration de ces performances et réduit les rejets azotés inorganiques. Les insuffisances de la filtration biologique entrainent une accumulation de substances azotées inorganiques toxiques, principal facteur limitant de la capacité de production de l'équipement proposé. Une brusque élévation des teneurs en nitrites fixe la charge piscicole maximale admissible à 15-16 kg/bassin et la capacité de production à 200 kg/an
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CARUSO, MATTEO FRANCESCO. "Ottimizzazione del processo produttivo degli acari della specie Dermatophagoides e dei loro allergeni." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/72219.
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Questa tesi è frutto della collaborazione tra l'Università e Lofarma S.p.A., un’azienda farmaceutica italiana leader nel settore che produce preparati per pazienti allergici come kit diagnostici e immunoterapie. A tale scopo nel reparto di Acarologia ogni anno vengono allevati e raccolti decine di chilogrammi di acari adulti e, dopo alcune manipolazioni, utilizzati nel reparto produttivo come materia prima per la maggior parte delle formulazioni. Lo scopo di questo progetto è analizzare l'attuale metodo di produzione e studiare se alcuni passaggi potrebbero essere ottimizzati per migliorare la resa, il tasso di produzione e la qualità della materia prima, cercando nel contempo di ridurre costi e tempi di lavorazione.
La ricerca è stata suddivisa in 2 aree principali: 1) Procedure di Allevamento (valutazione della qualità della dieta e del ceppo allevato) e 2) Manipolazioni della Materia Prima (ottimizzazione del processo di pulizia e valorizzazione della materia prima). Tra questi, i risultati più significativi sono stati raggiunti nella sezione Manipolazione delle Materie Prime, dove viene descritto un nuovo processo di rifinitura in grado di ottenere rese finali più elevate in tempistiche più brevi.
Dopo aver analizzato l'intero ciclo produttivo, è possibile concludere che, nel contesto del Reparto di Acarologia, è più conveniente procedere con una migliore manipolazione della materia prima piuttosto che modificare le attuali metodiche di allevamento, che sembrano già adatte per le esigenze di Lofarma.This thesis is based on collaboration between University and Lofarma S.p.A., a leading Italian pharmaceutical company which produce preparation for allergic patients like diagnostic kits and immunotherapies. To this purpose every year dozens of kilograms of adult mites are reared and collected in the Acarology department and, after manipulations, used in the Production Department as raw material for most of the preparation. The aim of this project is to analyze the current production methodology of Acarology department and investigate if some steps could be optimized to improve the yield, the production rate and the quality of the raw material while trying to reduce costs and processing times. The research has been divided in 2 main areas: 1) Rearing Procedures (quality assessment about the diet and the strain enacted) and 2) Raw Material Manipulations (optimization of the refining process and valorization of the Raw Material). Between those, most significant results have been achieved in the Raw Material Manipulation section, where is described a novel refining process capable of obtaining higher final yields in a shorter working time. After analyzing the whole manufacturing cycle, is possible to conclude that, within the context of the Acarology Department, is more convenient to proceed with a better manipulation of the raw material in the refining process rather than modifying the actual rearing procedure, which is already suitable for Lofarma needs.
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Basílio, Gonçalo José Bugarim. "Engorda intensiva de vitelos de raça de aptidão leiteira." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7646.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA recria e engorda precoce de vitelos de raças de aptidão leiteira tem algumas particularidades importantes que os diferem dos filhos das vacas aleitantes. O sucesso do negócio dos vitelos de raças leiteiras parece estar dependente de inúmeros fatores entre os quais, uma correta transferência de imunidade passiva (colostro); o alojamento; o conforto das camas, o ambiente (humidade, temperatura e circulação de ar) adequado e um plano alimentar (qualidade e quantidade de leite de substituição, starter e concentrado) de acordo com os objetivos planeados. A vacinação é um dos métodos mais eficazes e utilizados na prevenção da doença respiratória que afeta estes animais, pelo que existem várias hipóteses comerciais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a comparação entre dois desses protocolos, do ponto de vista produtivo, sanitário e económico. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram diferenças significativas, entre os dois protocolos colocados em teste, para fatores como o custo diário de produção por animal; número de tratamentos para a doença respiratória nas fases de recria e engorda; índice de conversão e no ganho médio diário. Apesar destas diferenças significativas, ficou demonstrado que a importância das instalações e do maneio alimentar vai para além dos protocolos que possam ser aplicados, devendo ser dada a relevância necessária a estes aspectos de produção que posteriormente influenciam de forma negativa a performance sanitária, produtiva e económica de uma exploração de bovinos.
ABSTRACT - Intensive Fattening of Dairy Breed Calves - The early rearing and fattening of calves from dairy breeds fitness has some important characteristics that distinguish them from calves of beef cows. The business success of veal calves appears to be dependent on numerous factors including, a correct transfer of passive immunity (colostrum); housing; the bed comfort, the atmosphere (humidity, temperature and airflow) and an appropriate feed level (quality and quantity of milk replacer, starter and concentrated) according to the planned objectives. Vaccination is one of the most effective methods is used for the prevention of respiratory disease affecting these animals, so that, there are several commercial protocols. This study aimed to compare two such protocols, by the production, health and economic point of view. The results showed significant differences between the two protocols put to the test, to factors such as the daily cost of production per animal; number of treatments for respiratory disease in the rearing and fattening; feed conversion and average dailyweight. Although these significant differences, it was shown that the importance of the facilities and food management goes beyond the protocols that can be applied and should be given the necessary importance to these aspects of production that subsequently influence negatively the economic health performance, productive and an exploration of cattle.
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Le, Cozler Yannick. "Effect of intensity of rearing and herd management on performance and longevity of sows /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5521-9.gif.
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Guerbej, Hamadi. "Recherches technologiques et experimentales sur le sevrage d'alevins de loup (dicentrarchus labrax l. )." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2009.
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Les experimentations realisees en grand volume (7m**(2), 10m**(3)) visent a mieux cerner les conditions de sevrage progressif de l'alevin de loup, dicentrarchus labrax, en elevage intensif. Dans le cadre de ce travail, la sequence alimentaire varie progressivement du zooplancton vivant au granule en passant par des aliments naturels inertes varies
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Kühne, Silke. "Effects of colostrum-deprived rearing, feeding intensity, and diarrhea on metabolic and endocrine traits, and on growth performance in young calves /." [S.l : s.n.], 1998. http://www.stub.unibe.ch/html/haupt/datenbanken/diss/bestell.html.
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Goerigk, Daniela Isabell. "Peripartaler Energie- und Fettstoffwechsel sowie Insulinsensitivität von Färsen bei unterschiedlicher Aufzuchtintensität." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-68365.
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In den vorliegenden Studien wurde der Fragestellung nachgegangen, wie sich unterschiedliche Fütterungsprotokolle während der Aufzuchtperiode auf den peripartalen Energie- und Fettstoffwechsel und die Insulinsensitivität von Färsen auswirken. Besonderes Augenmerk lag dabei auf der Frage, ob der „Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index“ (RQUICKI) bei Färsen sinnvoll angewendet werden kann, um eine Aussage hinsichtlich der Insulinsensitivität zu treffen. Auch mögliche Auswirkungen auf das Konzeptionsalter, den Kalbeverlauf, die Milchleistung und die postpartale Morbidität wurden untersucht. Aus 46 Kälbern der Rasse Deutsche Holstein wurden drei Fütterungsgruppen gebildet. Gruppe 1 (n = 18) wurde gemäß den Richtlinien der GfE energetisch optimal gefüttert (Kontrollgruppe), Gruppe 2 (n = 14) wurde intensiv und Gruppe 3 (n = 14) restriktiv gefüttert. Im Abstand von zwei Wochen wurden die Tiere jeweils gewogen. Aus den vorliegenden Daten wurde die durchschnittliche tägliche Körpermassezunahme berechnet. Außerdem wurde zehn, sechs, drei und eine Woche vor der Kalbung sowie zwei Wochen nach der Kalbung die Rückenfettdicke (RFD) sonografisch bestimmt. Weiterhin wurden das Alter bei erfolgreicher Konzeption, Kalbeverlauf sowie Daten der Kälber, Milchleistungsprüfungsdaten und Rastzeit erfasst. Vor und nach der Kalbung wurde aus der Vena caudalis mediana Blut entnommen. Aus dem Serum wurden die Konzentrationen der folgenden Parameter bestimmt: Insulin, Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Glukose, freie Fettsäuren (FFS), Bilirubin, Cholesterol, Harnstoff, Betahydroxybutyrat (BHB) sowie Gesamteiweiß. Erkrankungen im postpartalen Zeitraum, wie Endometritis, Mastitis, Stoffwechselstörungen, Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates sowie Zyklusstörungen wurden ebenfalls in die Studien miteinbezogen. Zur Bestimmung der Insulinsensitivität wurde das Rechenmodell „Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index“ (RQUICKI) verwendet. Unter Einbeziehung der Serumkonzentrationen von Glukose, Insulin und FFS lautete die Formel RQUICKI = 1/[log (Glukose) + log (Insulin) + log (FFS)]. Ein niedriger Index-Wert bedeutet eine verminderte Insulinsensitivität. Die intensiv aufgezogenen Tiere der Gruppe 2 zeigten mit 13,3 ± 1,0 Monaten ein signifikant (p = 0,003) früheres Konzeptionsalter im Gegensatz zu den Tieren der beiden anderen Gruppen (Gruppe 1: 16,0 ± 1,5 Monate; Gruppe 3: 17,7 ± 1,4 Monate). Eine Woche ante partum wiesen die Tiere der Gruppe 2 eine signifikant (p = 0,022) höhere RFD auf als die Tiere der beiden anderen Gruppen. Der RQUICKI korrelierte eine Woche ante partum signifikant negativ mit der RFD (r = -0,573; p = 0,003). RQUICKI war bei den Tieren der Gruppe 2 eine Woche ante partum signifikant (p < 0,05) niedriger als bei den Tieren der anderen Gruppen. In allen drei Gruppen konnten am dritten Tag post partum die niedrigsten Index-Werte nachgewiesen werden. Aus den errechneten Index-Werten lässt sich für Färsen für die Zeitpunkte eine Woche ante partum sowie vier Wochen post partum ein Referenzbereich von RQUICKI = 0,40 ± 0,04 ableiten. Um den dritten Laktationstag liegt bei Färsen der Referenzbereich von RQUICKI = 0,34 ± 0,02. Die intensiv aufgezogenen Färsen zeigten insgesamt mit 85,7 % die höchste Anzahl an Komplikationen bei der Kalbung, der Unterschied war statistisch allerdings nicht zu sichern. Die unterschiedliche Fütterung wirkte sich weder auf das Geschlecht der Kälber noch auf deren Geburtsgewicht aus. Signifikante Unterschiede (p < 0,05) ergaben sich bei den Serumkonzentrationen von Insulin, IGF-1, FFS und Cholesterol ante partum sowie den Bilirubin- und FFS-Konzentrationen 28 Tage post partum. Es konnten keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede bei den Konzentrationen von Glukose, Harnstoff, BHB und Totalprotein ermittelt werden (p > 0,05). Beim Vergleich der 305-Tage-Milchleistung wiesen die Tiere der Gruppe 2 die niedrigste Milchleistung auf. Eine signifikant (p = 0,039) höhere Inzidenz von postpartalen Zyklusstörungen war bei den Tieren der Gruppe 2 erkennbar. Eine Woche ante partum korrelierte RQUICKI signifikant negativ (r = -0,509, p = 0,008) mit dem Auftreten von Zyklusstörungen post partum. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass durch die Fütterungsintensität während der Aufzuchtperiode die Zuchtreife, der peripartale Energie- und Fettstoffwechsel einschließlich der Insulinsensitivität, die Milchleistung sowie die postpartale Fertilität beeinflusst werden. Aus der intensiven Aufzucht resultieren eine frühere Zuchtreife, höhere Rückenfettdicken, eine gesteigerte peripartale Lipolyse einschließlich reduzierter Insulinsensitivität, eine verminderte Milchleistung und eine schlechtere FertilitätThe aim of these studies was to investigate how different diets during the rearing period influence peripartal energy and fat metabolism as well as insulin sensitivity of heifers. Special attention was paid to the question if the „Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index“ (RQUICKI) could be used to estimate insulin sensitivity in heifers. Possible influences on age at first breeding, calving, milk yield and postpartal morbidity were analysed as well. Furthermore, the aim of this investigation was to prove, if different diets at rearing influence the peripartal insulin sensitivity of heifers. 46 German Holstein calves were randomly divided in three groups. Group 1 (n = 18) was fed with an optimal diet (control group) based on recommendations of the German Society of Nutrition Physiology, group 2 (n = 14) was fed with a highly-concentrated diet and group 3 (n = 14) got a low-concentrated diet. In intervals of two weeks the heifers were weighed. With the obtained data the averaged daily weight gain was computed. In addition, ten, six, three and one week ante partum as well as two weeks post partum the backfat thickness (BFT) was measured ultrasonographically. Age at first breeding, calving, data of the calves, milk yield and interval to first service post partum were recorded, too. Before and after calving blood samples were taken from the Vena caudalis mediana. The concentrations of the following parameters were measured in blood serum: Insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), bilirubin, cholesterol, urea, betahydroxybutyrat (BHB) as well as total protein. Furthermore, postpartal diseases like endometritis, mastitis, metabolic disorders, limb diseases and fertility disorders were included. To determine insulin sensitivity a mathematic model called “Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index” (RQUICKI) was used. Serum concentrations of glucose, insulin and FFA were included in the formula RQUICKI = 1/[log (glucose) + log (insulin) + log (FFA)]. A low index value represents a decreased insulin sensitivity. Intensive reared heifers of group 2 reached age at first breeding (13.3 ± 1.0 months) significant (p = 0.003) earlier than heifers of the other both groups (group 1: 16.6 ± 1.5 months; group 3: 17.7 ± 1.4 months). One week ante partum heifers of group 2 showed significant (p = 0.022) higher BFT than heifers of the other groups. At the same timepoint, RQUICKI correlated significant negative with the BFT (r = -0.573; p = 0.003). In heifers of group 2, RQUICKI was significant lower (p < 0.05) one week ante partum than in heifers of the other groups. In all groups, the index values were lowest three days post partum. Based on the received index values reference ranges for RQUICKI in heifers can be proposed. One week ante partum as well as four weeks post partum the reference range for RQUICKI can be defined as RQUICKI = 0.40 ± 0.04. Three days after calving the reference range can be defined as RQUICKI = 0.34 ± 0.02. The intensive reared heifers show with an overall of 85.7 % the most difficulties at calving, but this was statistically not different. The different diets didn’t influence neither the sex of the calves nor their birth weight. Ante partum, serum concentrations of Insulin, IGF-1, FFA and cholesterol differed significantly (p < 0.05) as well as serum concentrations of bilirubin and FFA differed on day 28 post partum. No significant differences could be determined in serum concentrations of glucose, urea, BHB and total protein (p > 0.05). Heifers of group 2 showed the lowest 305-day milk yield. The incidence of postpartal ovarian diseases was significantly (p = 0.039) higher in heifers of group 2. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.509, p = 0.008) existed between RQUICKI ante partum and the incidence of postpartal ovarian diseases. In conclusion, different diets during the rearing period influence age at first breeding, peripartal energy and fat metabolism including insulin sensitivity, milk yield as well as postpartal fertility. An intensive rearing results in an earlier age at first breeding, increased BFT, enhanced peripartal lipolysis as well as reduced insulin sensitivity, decreased milk yield and poorer fertility
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Ballagh, Debra Anne. "Intensive rearing techniques and feeding behaviour of larval and juvenile mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus." Thesis, 2011. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/24344/1/01front.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus, is a euryhaline sciaenid that is popular with seafood consumers and recreational fishers. The species is an emerging aquaculture candidate and culture techniques have been developed. But with industry production low and fingerling costs estimated to be as high as $2 each, there is an imperative to improve production technology and lower costs. This study aimed to improve mulloway hatchery efficiency through:
• the development of specific disinfection protocols for mulloway eggs to reduce the potential for transmission of pathogens on the surface of eggs.
• an improved understanding of embryonic development.
• optimization of light and feeding regimes to increase growth and survival of larvae and juveniles.
• a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underpinning feeding behaviour for larval and juvenile stages.
Disinfection of fish eggs with ozone is an important practice to reduce the incidence of infection by pathogens in the hatchery. However, ozone can reduce hatching success and can induce deformities in hatched larvae. In this study, the embryonic development of mulloway was described in greater detail than previously available to create a visual reference of egg stages and to assist in the development of a safe ozone disinfection protocol. The potential impact of ozone exposure is measured using a CT value, which is the concentration of ozone (mg l-1) multiplied by the contact time (min). Initially, the combined effects of ozone CT (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 or 5) and treatment temperature (19, 22 or 25°C) on the hatching success of mulloway larvae were evaluated. The highest CT value that did not negatively affect hatching was a CT of 1, and the most appropriate water temperature for disinfection was 22°C, as there were no apparent negative impacts of treating eggs at this temperature and mulloway eggs are currently incubated at 22°C at the Port Stephens Fisheries Institute (PSFI) hatchery. Embryos at four different stages of embryonic development (3, 8, 20 or 27 h post fertilisation; HPF) were then exposed to ozone (CT = 1) and no significant effect was detected on hatchability at any of the embryonic stages examined. Accordingly, it is suggested that eggs should be disinfected with ozone early in development to reduce negative impacts on development caused by nodavirus and other pathogens.
The photoperiod and light intensity requirements of early and advanced larvae were investigated to determine an appropriate light regime. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a range of photoperiods (24L:0D, 18L:6D, 12L:12D, 6L:18D or 0L:24D) and light intensities (1 or 10 μmol s-1 m-2) on the growth, swim bladder (SB) inflation, food consumption and survival of early (2-8 dah [days after hatching]) and advanced (14-34 dah) mulloway larvae. The two light intensities tested had no effect on the parameters measured in early or advanced larvae and there were no significant interactions between photoperiod and light intensity. In early larvae, the optimal photoperiod was determined to be 12L:12D, which promoted growth, survival and SB inflation. Once SB inflation has been achieved, the photoperiod should be adjusted to 18L:6D to increase feeding time and promote growth. In advanced larvae, no differences in growth were observed at the end of the experiment; however, survival was significantly better in the 0L:24D photoperiod compared with all other photoperiods examined. It is possible that there are physiological effects of maintaining larvae in complete darkness, and until further research is completed, it is recommended that an 18L:6D photoperiod is used. This protocol is expected to optimise growth and subsequently reduce the overall time that larvae remain in the hatchery.
The optimal weaning procedures for mulloway larvae were also investigated. Three experiments were conducted to compare weaning strategies using live feeds; rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia, and formulated pellet diets. Initially, the effects of feeding Artemia at different levels (0, 50 or 100% ration of Artemia fed from 18 dah [days after hatching]; based on current hatchery protocols) and a pellet diet from two larval ages (14 or 23 dah) were investigated. Results indicated that some Artemia should be in the diet of larvae to promote growth; however, it is possible to feed half the usual amount without reducing growth rates. Growth of larvae was not influenced by the time of pellet introduction. The size (total length [TL]) at which mulloway larvae selected Artemia equally or in preference to rotifers, and pellet (400 μm) equally or in preference to Artemia, respectively was then determined. The mean size (± SEM) at which mulloway larvae began selecting Artemia equally to rotifers was 5.2 ± 0.5 mm TL and selected pellets equally to Artemia at 10.6 ± 1.8 mm TL. This has led to the establishment of weaning protocols for larval mulloway that optimise larval growth while reducing feed costs by minimising the amount of Artemia used during production.
Next, the optimal photoperiod and feeding interval requirements for rearing juvenile mulloway were examined. A two factor experiment incorporating three photoperiods (12L:12D, 18L:6D or 24L:0D), and five feeding intervals (1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 h between feeds) determined the effects on somatic growth rate, feeding efficiency and survival of juvenile mulloway (2.7 ± 0.5 g). The growth indices used included fish weight, length, food conversion ratio (FCR), condition factor (CF), and the coefficient of variation of weight (CVwt). No interactions were found for any parameters measured. The 12L:12D photoperiod produced significantly poorer survival than other photoperiods; however, feeding interval did not influence survival. It was determined that feeding can be optimised by rearing juvenile mulloway in an 18L:6D photoperiod and by feeding once every 12 h. The 24L:0D photoperiod reduced growth (weight and length) and increased the FCR, and the 12L:12D photoperiod reduced survival with the result that the fish in the 18L:6D photoperiod had optimal growth and survival parameters. The only feeding interval to affect growth (weight and length) was the 24 h feeding interval; there was no difference in growth detected between the 1, 3, 6, or 12 h feeding intervals. It was also determined that it would take 10 h for 50% of the feed consumed in one meal to be evacuated from the stomach. Given that there was no significant difference in growth and feeding efficiency in juvenile mulloway between the 1, 3, 6 and 12 h feeding intervals, it would be more efficient for producers to feed their fish no more than twice daily (or every 12 h). The increase in feeding efficiency associated with these feeding techniques is likely to increase production and reduce the time mulloway remain in the hatchery.
Finally, the sensory basis for feeding was investigated for larval and juvenile mulloway, including the contribution of vision, mechanoreception and chemoreception to the feeding ability of larval and juvenile mulloway. Firstly, an investigation into the ablation of the mechanosensory neuromasts using streptomycin sulphate (SS) determined that larvae exposed to SS at a concentration of 0.75 g l-1 for 3 h had a reduced startle response but did not exhibit abnormal swimming behaviour. The contribution of each sensory system to feeding was then examined for larval and juvenile mulloway between 3.5 and 53.3 mm. From 3.5 to 4.1 mm, mulloway larvae consumed significantly more live food items when fed in light conditions compared with those fed in dark conditions, indicating that vision was the primary sense mode used for feeding. From 5.0 mm, the mechanosensory system appeared to play an increasingly important role in feeding and it was observed that the number of live food items consumed was significantly greater when vision and mechanoreception were available until larvae reached 7.5 mm. Evidence of an increase in the contribution of the olfactory organs to feeding was also observed from 8.7 mm, while fish were feeding on live feeds. From 10.6 mm, fish were fed pellets and while fish were observed feeding in both light and dark conditions, feeding success became greater in fish fed in the light providing evidence that the role of vision was again the primary sense mode. This change in the contribution of the sensory organs to feeding as development proceeds in larval and juvenile mulloway is discussed.
The protocols developed in this thesis have now been adopted in practice at the PSFI and have improved growth and survival rates. The average production costs of juvenile mulloway reared at the PSFI is now estimated to be $1.05 per fingerling, and this is expected to have increased the viability of mulloway as an aquaculture species. In particular, the reduction of the quantity of Artemia required to rear larval mulloway has reduced by 50%, which is a significant saving in production costs. In addition, the protocols developed for ozone disinfection of mulloway eggs has been adopted for other species such as Australian bass (Macquaria novemaculeata), yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) and southern blue-fin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii). This thesis has also highlighted new research priorities for mulloway cultivation and has formed the basis of rearing protocols for yellowtail kingfish and southern blue-fin tuna, which are now under investigation to determine optimal culture techniques.
Books on the topic "Intensive rearing"
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Raising your spirited child: A guide for parents whose child is more intense, sensitive, perceptive, persistent, energetic. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1991.
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Raising your spirited child: A guide for parents whose child is more intense, sensitive, perceptive, persistent, energetic. New York, N.Y: HarperPerennial, 1992.
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Raising your spirited child: A guide for parents whose child is more intense, sensitive, perceptive, persistent, energetic. New York: Harper, 2006.
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A, Penzo Jeanine, ed. Parenting a child who has intense emotions: Dialectical behavior therapy skills to help your child regulate emotional outbursts and aggressive behaviors. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 2009.
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Levien, Michael. Peasants in a Knowledge Economy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859152.003.0006.
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While real estate speculation differentiated Rajpura’s dispossessed farmers, this chapter shows that knowledge-intensive growth was so exclusionary for almost everyone that it made single-cropped agriculture and livestock rearing look attractive. Rajpura’s farmers lacked the requisite cultural capital for inclusion in the SEZ’s IT/ITES industry. A small minority received low-paying and insecure work as gardeners, security guards, janitors, and drivers through contractors. For almost no families did these jobs make up for lost agricultural assets. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) and corporate social responsibility programs were ineffective substitutes for land, leaving many to wish they had it back. This non-labor-intensive and exclusionary growth helps to explain why ownership of even small agrarian assets—the semiproletarian condition—assumes such importance for farmers in contemporary India.
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Kurcinka, Mary Sheedy. Raising Your Spirited Child: A Guide for Parents Whose Child Is More Intense, Sensitive, Perceptive, Persistent, Energetic. Harper Paperbacks, 1998.
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Kurcinka, Mary Sheedy. Raising Your Spirited Child, Third Edition: A Guide for Parents Whose Child Is More Intense, Sensitive, Perceptive, Persistent, and Energetic. HarperCollins Publishers and Blackstone Audio, Inc., 2016.
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Kurcinka, Mary Sheedy. Raising Your Spirited Child, Third Edition: A Guide for Parents Whose Child Is More Intense, Sensitive, Perceptive, Persistent, and Energetic. HarperCollins Publishers, 2015.
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Kurcinka, Mary Sheedy. Raising Your Spirited Child: A Guide for Parents Whose Child Is More Intense, Sensitive, Perceptive, Persistent, Energetic. Harper Paperbacks, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Intensive rearing"
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Gajendran, K., and P. Veeramani. "Intensive Duck Rearing." In Duck Production and Management Strategies, 265–301. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6100-6_7.
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Ahilan, B. "Aquarium Keeping and Intensive Rearing of Livebearers." In Ornamental Livebearers, 27–35. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003347323-4.
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Bastianoni, Simone, Antonio Boggia, Cesare Castellini, Cinzia Di Stefano, Valentina Niccolucci, Emanuele Novelli, Luisa Paolotti, and Antonio Pizzigallo. "Measuring Environmental Sustainability of Intensive Poultry-Rearing System." In Genetic Engineering, Biofertilisation, Soil Quality and Organic Farming, 277–309. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8741-6_10.
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Anderson, John H. "Rearing and Intensive Care of Neonatal and Infant Nonhuman Primates." In Primates, 747–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4918-4_50.
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Martin, Jean-Louis. "Shrimp Aquaculture: From Extensive to Intensive Rearing, the Relationship with the Environment and The Key to Sustainability." In Global Change: Mankind-Marine Environment Interactions, 25–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8630-3_4.
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Guan, Tiffany T. Y., and Richard A. Holley. "Environmental Legislation and the Economic Impact on Intensive Hog Rearing Operations from the Perspective of Enteric Pathogens of Concern to Human Health." In Hog Manure Management, the Environment and Human Health, 139–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0031-5_7.
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Slobodin, Ortal. "Exploring the Quality of “Quality Time”: A Temporal View on Mothers’ Experiences during COVID-19." In Parenting - Challenges of Child Rearing in a Changing Society. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101174.
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The COVID-19 pandemic forced many parents, especially mothers, to juggle paid work and supervise home-schooled children for extended periods. While educators, mental health professionals, and the popular media often constructed this forced family time as a unique opportunity for “quality time,” studies are increasingly recognizing its adverse effects on mothers’ well-being. Integrating sociology of time theories with feminist criticism of the intensive mothering ideology, this chapter links idealized cultural representations of mother-child time to the dominant ideologies of “intensive mothering.” According to these ideologies, mothers’ time with children is irreplaceable and crucial for children’s optimal development. Therefore, mothers should devote more and more time to their children’s physical and mental needs. Based on content analysis of text data from parenting online advice columns, blogs written by mothers, and mothers’ Facebook groups, this chapter examines whether and how notions of time and temporality create, maintain, and challenge intensive mothering ideologies during the pandemic.
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van Emous, Rick, and André Steentjes. "Optimizing the health of broiler breeder birds." In Optimising poultry flock health, 347–86. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2022.0104.13.
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The main objective in broiler breeder production is to produce fertilized eggs resulting in healthy and robust day-old broiler chicks. Due to the continuing increase in the genetic potential of the offspring and the improved reproduction performance, there is a high need for professional management and poultry health care of broiler breeder flocks. Implementation of strict biosecurity measures in combination with intensive, well-orchestrated vaccination programs must prevent disease challenges for both breeders and offspring. Points of attention during the rearing period are stress factors like necessary feed restriction, flock density, bird handling, transport and vaccination reactions. A good coordination between rearing and laying period in equipment, management, feed strategy and health care is crucial for maximum chick performance. This chapter gives an overview of the diseases, vaccinations and direct and indirect effects of management and nutritional interventions on health and productivity in broiler breeders.
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Bilal, Muhammad. "Intensive Farming and Welfare Regarding Anti-Predator Behavior of Chukar Partridges (Alectoris chukar)." In Intensive Animal Farming - A Cost-Effective Tactic [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106371.
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Gamebird farming is an emerging industry in Pakistan. Nowadays, the production of large amounts of gamebirds used for restocking purposes is an inescapable prerequisite to compensate for the harvest of wild stocks. The present study aims to delineate the welfare of one of the popular gamebirds Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar, Phasianidae) during intensive farming at the two local game farms. The welfare in terms of anti-predator (AP) behavior was assessed. I analyzed the behavior by arranging AP behavioral assays with a flight initiation test, flight initiation distance, predator test, novel object test, escape test, and flight angles. Specifically, the birds of prey and mammalian predators stimulated the AP behavior in the Chukar partridges. The behavioral assays showed that the Chukar partridge had a clear inclination to escape from predators and can survive if they are to be released into the wild. The initiation of flight was triggered by both avian and mammalian predators indicative of likely good survival chances of these birds. However, it is inferred that restocking and reintroduction of Chukar populations cannot be separated from the adoption of sound welfare programs during intensive rearing.
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Rosabal-Coto, Mariano, Naomi Quinn, Heidi Keller, Marga Vicedo, Nandita Chaudhary, Alma Gottlieb, Gabriel Scheidecker, Marjorie Murray, Akira Takada, and Gilda A. Morelli. "Real-World Applications of Attachment Theory." In The Cultural Nature of Attachment. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036900.003.0014.
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Attachment theory has its roots in an ethnocentric complex of ideas, longstanding in the United States, under the rubric of “intensive mothering.” Among these various approaches and programs, attachment theory has had an inordinate and wide-ranging influence on a wide range of professions concerned with children (family therapy, education, the legal system, and public policy, the medical profession, etc.) inside and outside the United States. This chapter looks critically at how attachment theory has been applied in a variety of contexts and discusses its influence on parenting. It examines the tension distortion that often results when research findings are translated into actual applications or programs, ignoring any particularities of cultural context. It describes how attachment theory has been used as the basis for child-rearing manuals and has influenced programs and policies more directly, to form legal decisions that affect families, as well as to develop public policy and programs. Specific attachment applications are reviewed and their validity questioned. Because child-rearing practices vary among cultures, the value systems that motivate these different practices must be recognized and accounted for when applications are developed and implemented. It concludes with a call for researchers to become proactive in rectifying misuses of attachment theory.
Conference papers on the topic "Intensive rearing"
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Junior, Pedro Nessi Snizek, Luciane Cleonice Durante, Wander Paulo da Silva Hohlenwerger, Marcio de Lara Pinto, and Marta Cristina de Jesus Albuquerque Nogueira. "Occupational Noise in Intensive Systems of Rearing Pigs in Tropical Continental Climate Region." In SAE Brasil International Noise and Vibration Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-36-0544.
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Stîngaci, Aurelia. "Abordări noi privitor la controlul calității populațiilor de insecte dăunătoare Hyphantria cunea drury in condiții controlate." In International symposium ”Actual problems of zoology and parasitology: achievements and prospects” dedicated to the 100th anniversary from the birth of academician Alexei Spassky. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975665902.76.
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In the paper there are presented the results of the researches of existing methods of quality control for cultures of insects for rearing is presented. It is shown that there is a need to search for new approaches to solving this problem. Testing of new methods of control and prediction of biological material viability was carried out on a laboratory culture of the fall webworm moth (Hyphantria cunea Drury). It was found that intensity of taxis manifestation can be considered as a criterion of population condition. This selection method can be used also for assessment of culture viability. A new express-method of biological material selection for H. cunea establishment has been approbated. It is based on the positive correlation between insect viability parameters and their trophotaxis intensity. This method may be suitable for monitoring of natural populations condition in systems of integrated plant protections of different agricultural, ornamental and forest crops with intensive anthropogenic loading.
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Stingaci, Aurelia. "Evidenţierea legităţilor de declanşare a epizootiilor baculovirale la H. Cunea." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.48.
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In the paper there are presented the results of the researches of existing methods of quality control for cultures of insects for rearing is presented. A new express-method of biological material selection for H. cunea establishment has been approbated. This method may be suitable for monitoring of natural populations condition in systems of integrated plant protections of diferent agricultural, ornamental and forest crops with intensive anthropogenic loading.The results of the present study revealed the larvicidal potential of baculovirus isolates found in the larvae of H.cunea, local production of biopesticides, which will reduce the final cost of the product and will more accessible to farmer.
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Božičkovic, Ivana, Vesna Davidovic, Radomir Savic, Vladimir Živkovic, Stefan Stepic, and Vladan Đermanovic. "UTICAJ FIZIČKE AKTIVNOSTI NA HISTOLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE MIŠIĆA DOMAĆIH ŽIVOTINJA." In SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.189b.
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Meat is a product formed from skeletal muscles of animals through different biochemical processes following rigor mortis. Therefore, characteristics of muscle tissue, its structure, number, diameter and percentage of different muscle fiber types would greatly determine the quantity and the quality of meat. Having in mind that selection and nutrition led to nearly a maximum in meat production, and consumers are having higher and higher demands for „organic“ products, products from more natural production, their concern for animal welfare is rising, the implementation of physical activity in animal rearing could be of more importance in the future. Physical activity could imply outdoor systems, or semi-confinement systems with enriched environment. Also, the impact of this factor could be of higher importance in pigs and chicken, where intensive selection towards lean meat content increased the number of glycolytic fibers in muscles, leading to more pronounced problems with meat quality (PSE meat).
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KOZLOVA, Natalia, Aleksandr BRIUKHANOV, Eduard VASILEV, and Ekaterina SHALAVINA. "ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF LIVESTOCK FARMS IN RUSSIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.189.
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The paper focuses on quantitative assessment of nitrogen flows in a livestock farm under transition to best available techniques BAT system in Russia. Comparative analysis of quantitative estimates of ammonia emissions from housing for dairy cows, fattening pigs, farrowing sows and laying hens was conducted using available literature data and information obtained through a survey of pilot livestock farms in Leningrad Region. Ammonia emission data for existing Russian enterprises were found in the range of BREF emission levels associated with BAT. The nitrogen farm-gate balance was calculated for the farm with 810 dairy cows, 2600 ha of agricultural land and milk yield of 22 kg/day. The nitrogen surplus was 48.3 kg/ha, which was below the limit values and indicated the possibility to increase the application amount of nitrogen fertilisers, however, nitrogen use efficiency of 0.21 was significantly below the European average. The viability of manure storage and spreading techniques recommended by European BREF, namely compost heaps covering and immediate incorporation of organic fertilisers after spreading, was estimated for this farm. The calculated values of total nitrogen losses are reduced by 20%; the saving of mineral fertilizers owing to higher nitrogen content in applied organic fertilisers can be 18 t / year. For the rough assessment of technologies on the initial stage of Russian reference books creation it is practicable to use the data from EU BREF on intensive rearing of pigs and poultry. When farms are assessed on the stage of integrated permits issue, it is feasible to use the measured air concentrations of hazardous substances along with the estimation of the whole-farm environmental impact by nitrogen use efficiency. For such estimates to be applied in Russia, the data needs to be collected and systematised for different categories of farms and for different climatic regions.
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Ataei, Abdol Hossain, and Figen Kırkpınar. "Application of In-Ovo Injection of Some Substances for Manipulation of Sex and Improving Performance in Chicken." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.006.
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In intensive production, freshly hatched cockerels are culled in the layer hatchery (7 billion males each year), On the other hand, for meat production rearing female birds has not economic benefits because of male broiler chicks have a faster growth rate and better feed efficiency than females. In this regards several methods are being developed for sex determination in the chick embryo during the incubation period. But these methods need to be rapid, cost-efficient, and suitable practical for commercial use. Additionally, sex determination should be done before pain perception has evolved in chick embryos. Biotechnology by in ovo technique to sex determination of between male and female chicks or sex reversal could improve production and eliminate ethical dilemmas for poultry industries. In birds, the differentiation of embryonic gonads is not determined by genetic gender with the certainty that occurs in mammals and can be affected by early treatment with a steroid hormone. During the development of the chick embryo, the genotype of the zygote determines the nature of the gonads, which then caused male or female phenotype. The differentiation of gonads during the period called the "critical period of sexual differentiation" is accompanied by the beginning of secretion of sexual hormones. Namely, any change in the concentration of steroid hormones during the critical period affects the structure of the gonads. Many synthetic anti-aromatases such as federazole and non-synthetic in plants, mushrooms, and fruits containing natural flavonoids have been used in the experiments in ovo injection of anti-aromatase had no negative effect on the growth performance of sexual reversal female chickens. In conclusion, administration of an aromatase inhibitor causes testicular growth in the genetic female gender, and estrogen administration leads to the production of the left ovotestis in the genetic male gender. Therefore, in the early stages of embryonic development, sexual differentiation can be affected by changing the ratio of sexual hormones. In this review, effects of some substances applied by in ovo injection technique on sex reversal and performance in chicks.
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Vasylchenko, Viktoriia, Karolina Wengerska, and Justyna Batkowska. "Biochemical blood parameters depending on meat-type poultry species and rearing intensity." In 1st International PhD Student’s Conference at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland: ENVIRONMENT – PLANT – ANIMAL – PRODUCT. Publishing House of The University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/icdsupl1.a031.
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Sharifyanov, Bilus, Halyaf Ishmuratov, and Fanuz Shagaliev. "Use of silos of legume-cereal grass mixtures in the diets of young cattle." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-28-76-184-190.
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The purpose of this work is to increase the intensity of growth and development of young cattle when rearing highly productive cows, as well as when fattening for meat through the use of energy-saturated high-protein silos harvested using a new technology in feeding diets. To solve the tasks set in the conditions of LLC "Yenikeyev" Dyurtyulinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, crops of mixtures of high-protein, energy-saturated unconventional and crops of mixtures of traditional fodder crops were isolated and silos were prepared by preliminary drying to 70% humidity and using a new generation preservative Biosib. The study of the chemical composition and nutritional value of feed was carried out in the laboratories of zooanalysis of the Bashkir Research Institute of the UFIC RAS and BASHNPVL according to generally accepted methods. Studies have shown that silos from legume-cereal grass mixtures, harvested according to new technologies, are real reserves for replenishing the range of feed for young cattle when growing highly productive cows in the winter-stall period of maintenance, as well as when fattening for meat. The feed is highly nutritious and of good quality. 1 kg of feed contains 0,22-0,24 EKE and 19,0-23,9 g of digestible protein. Feeding heifers 7 kg / head / day of silage of a mixture of eastern goat and boneless stalk increases the intensity of their growth. Compared with the control, the average daily gains in live weight of animals in the experimental group were 7,8% higher. The use of 8 kg of silage in the diet of heifers of a mixture of eastern goat and boneless stalk, while reducing the proportion of concentrates by 0,2 kg, contributes to an increase in live weight gain by 9,0% compared with a group of animals receiving a similar feed mixture of alfalfa and boneless stalk. Feeding bulls 12 and 17 kg of silage with a mixture of eastern goat and boneless stalk also increases the intensity of their growth. In comparison with the control, the average daily increments of animals of the experimental groups were higher by 9,5 and 14,3%. The use of 12 and 17 kg of silage in the diets of fattened young animals of a mixture of eastern goat and boneless rump reduces the cost of concentrated feed per unit of increase by 9,3 and 37,2%.
Reports on the topic "Intensive rearing"
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Cahaner, Avigdor, Sacit F. Bilgili, Orna Halevy, Roger J. Lien, and Kellye S. Joiner. effects of enhanced hypertrophy, reduced oxygen supply and heat load on breast meat yield and quality in broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699855.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Original objectivesThe objectives of this project were to evaluate the growth performance, meat yield and quality attributes of broiler strains widely differing in their genetic potential under normal temperature vs. warm temperature (short and long-term) conditions. Strain differences in breast muscle accretion rate, metabolic responses under heat load and, gross and histopathological changes in breast muscle under thermal load was also to be characterized. BackgroundTremendous genetic progress has been made in broiler chicken growth rate and meat yield since the 1950s. Higher growth rate is driven by higher rates of feed intake and metabolism, resulting in elevated internal heat production. Hot rearing conditions negatively affect broiler growth by hindering dissipation of heat and may lead to a lethal elevation in body temperature. To avoid heat-induced mortality, broilers reduce feed intake, leading to depressed growth rate, lower weight gain, reduce breast meat yield and quality. Thus, the genetic potential of contemporary commercial broilers (CCB) is not fully expressed under hot conditions. Major conclusions, solutions, and achievementsResearch conducted in Israel focused on three broiler strains – CCB, Featherless, Feathered sibs (i.e., sharing similar genetic background). Complimentary research trials conducted at Auburn utilized CCB (Cobb 500, Cobb 700, Ross 308, Ross 708), contrasting their performance to slow growing strains. Warm rearing conditions consistently reduced feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency, body weight uniformity and breast muscle yield, especially pronounced with CCB and magnified with age. Breast meat quality was also negatively affected, as measured by higher drip loss and paler meat color. Exposure to continuous or short-term heat stress induced respiratory alkalosis. Breast muscle histomorphometrics confirmed enhanced myofiber hypertrophy in CCB. Featherless broilers exhibited a significant increase in blood-vessel density under warm conditions. Rapid growth and muscle accretion rate was correlated to various myopathies (white striping, woody and necrotic) as well as to increases in plasma creatinekinase levels. Whether the trigger(s) of muscle damage is loss of cellular membrane integrity due to oxidative damage or tissue lactate accumulation, or to loss of inter-compartmental cation homeostasis is yet to be determined. Based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping, identification of the gene with the recessive mutation Scaleless (sc) facilitated the development a dCAPS assay to discriminate between sc carrier (sc/+) and non-carrier (+/+) individuals. ImplicationsThis project confirmed that featherless broiler strains grow efficiently with high yield and quality of breast meat, even under warm rearing conditions that significantly depress the overall performance of CCB. Therefore, broiler meat production in hot regions and climates can be substantially improved by introducing the featherless gene into contemporary commercial broiler stocks. This approach has become more feasible with the development of dCAPS assay. A novel modification of the PCR protocol (using whole blood samples instead of extracted DNA) may contribute to the efficient development of commercial featherless broiler strains. Such strains will allow expansion of the broiler meat production in developing countries in warm climates, where energy intensive environmental control of rearing facilities are not economical and easily achievable.
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Shpigel, Muki, Allen Place, William Koven, Oded (Odi) Zmora, Sheenan Harpaz, and Mordechai Harel. Development of Sodium Alginate Encapsulation of Diatom Concentrates as a Nutrient Delivery System to Enhance Growth and Survival of Post-Larvae Abalone. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586480.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The major bottlenecks in rearing the highly priced gastropod abalone (Haliotis spp.) are the slow growth rate and the high mortality during the first 8 to 12 weeks following metamorphosis and settling. The most likely reason flor these problems is related to nutritional deficiencies in the diatom diet on which the post larvae (PL) feed almost exclusively in captivity. Higher survival and improved growth rate will reduce the considerable expense of hatchery-nursery resisdence time and thereflore the production costs. BARD supported our research for one year only and the support was given to us in order to prove that "(1) Abalone PL feed on encapsulated diatoms, and (2) heterotrophic diatoms can be mass produced." In the course of this year we have developed a novel nutrient delivery system specifically designed to enhance growth and survival of post-larval abalone. This approach is based on the sodium-alginate encapsulation of heterotrophically grown diatoms or diatom extracts, including appetite-stimulating factors. Diatom species that attract the PL and promote the highest growth and survival have been identified. These were also tested by incorporating them (either intact cells or as cell extracts) into a sodium-alginate matrix while comparing the growth to that achieved when using diatoms (singel sp. or as a mixture). A number of potential chemoattractants to act as appetite-stimulating factors for abalone PL have been tested. Preliminary results show that the incorporation of the amino acid methionine at a level of 10-3M to the sodim alginate matrix leads to a marked enhancement of growth. The results ol these studies provided basic knowledge on the growth of abalone and showed that it is possible to obtain, on a regular basis, survival rates exceeding 10% for this stage. Prior to this study the survival rates ranged between 2-4%, less than half of the values achieved today. Several diatom species originated from the National Center for Mariculture (Nitzchia laevis, Navicula lenzi, Amphora T3, and Navicula tennerima) and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083, 2084, 2085, 2086 and 2087 UTEX strains, Austin TX) were tested for heterotrophic growth. Axenic colonies were initially obtained and following intensive selection cycles and mutagenesis treatments, Amphora T3, Navicula tennerima and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083 UTEX strain) were capable of growing under heterotrophic conditions and to sustain highly enriched mediums. A highly efficient selection procedure as well as cost effective matrix of media components were developed and optimized. Glucose was identified as the best carbon source for all diatom strains. Doubling times ranging from 20-40 h were observed, and stable heterotroph cultures at a densities range of 103-104 were achieved. Although current growth rates are not yet sufficient for full economical fermentation, we estimate that further selections and mutagenesis treatments cycles should result in much faster growing colonies suitable for a fermentor scale-up. As rightfully pointed out by one of the reviewers, "There would be no point in assessing the optimum levels of dietary inclusions into micro-capsules, if the post-larvae cannot be induced to consume those capsules in the first place." We believe that the results of the first year of research provide a foundationfor the continuation of this research following the objectives put forth in the original proposal. Future work should concentrate on the optimization of incorporation of intact cells and cell extracts of the developed heterotrophic strains in the alginate matrix, as well as improving this delivery system by including liposomes and chemoattractants to ensure food consumption and enhanced growth.