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Journal articles on the topic 'Intentional modality'
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1
Hayati, Rizka, and Ida Ayu Panuntun. "Analisis Modalitas Tuturan Mahasiswa dalam Kelas Presentasi." JURNAL LITBANG KOTA PEKALONGAN 21 (December 30, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54911/litbang.v21i1.159.
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Modality in semantics can be said as speaker's expression reflected in his or her word choices. This article took modality as the main theme because modality can explain someone's expression or belief about what is being conveyed. This study aimed to explain the modality used by students in expressing their opinions during presentations in class. The method used was descriptive qualitative. The data were collected by using observation. After the data were collected, it was analyzed by using some stage, those were identification, classification, description and interpretation. From the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the modality used was intentional modality (which describes the desire and hope of the speaker), the second was epistemological modality (modality that states the possibility). The third category was dynamic modality.
Keywords: modality, types of modality, utterances, classroom presentation,
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Umiyati, Mirsa, and Rika Purnama Sari. "THE USE OF MALAY MODALITIES IN ABSTRACTS OF PROCEDA SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES JOURNALS." LITERA 19, no. 3 (November 26, 2020): 378–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v19i3.30520.
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An abstract of research article should give information obviously. Modalities assist researcher to provide certain obvious information in an abstract. This study important to carry out to identify the types and functions of Malay modality used in abstracts of Proceda Social and Behavioral Sciences journal and examine the types of modality that are dominantly used in abstracts of Proceda Social and Behavioral Sciences journal. Qualitative and quantitative methods are the design of this study. Data of this study are abstracts from 18 articles of Proceda Social and Behavioral Sciences journal published by Elsevier. The data were analyzed using intralingual equivalent method by applying hubung banding menyamakan (HBS) technique. The results of the analysis are then presented using informal methods. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are four types of Malay modalities used in the abstracts of the Proceda Social and Behavioral Sciences journal, namely intentional, epistemic, deontic, and dynamic modalities. In addition, phrasal modals or periphrastic modals are found in the abstract in question. The dominant type of modality used in the abstract is intentional modality of 31%. Furthermore, the Malay modality used in the abstract articles of the Proceda Social and Behavioral Sciences journal indicates the existence of this modal function in abstract construction. The functions of the modals are to inform the aims or objectives, focus, problem, background and gap, method, technique analysis, and suggestion of the research.Keywords: abstract, malay, types of modalities PENGGUNAAN MODALITAS BAHASA MELAYU PADA ABSTRAK JURNAL PROCEDA SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES AbstrakAbstrak dalam artikel penelitian harus memberikan infomasi yang jelas. Modalitas dapat membantu peneliti untuk memberikaninformasi tertentu secara jelas dalam absrtrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis dan fungsi modalitas bahasa Melayu yang digunakan pada abstrak jurnal proceda social and behavioral sciences dan mengkaji jenis modalitas yang dominan digunakan pada abstrak jurnal proceda social and behavioral sciences. Metode qualitative dan quantitative adalah desain dari penelitian ini. Data penelitian ini adalah abstrak dari 18 artikel pada jurnal Proceda Social and Behavioral Sciences yang berbahasa melayu yang dipublikasikan oleh Elsevier. Dalam menganalisis data, digunakan metode padan intralingual dengan menerapkan teknik hubung banding menyamakan (HBS). Hasil analisis kemudian disajikan dengan menggunakan metode informal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa terdapat empat jenis modalitas bahasa Melayu yang digunakan pada abstrak jurnal Proceda Social and Behavioral Sciences, yaitu modalitas intensional, epistemic, deontic, dan dinamik. Selain itu ditemukan phrasal modals or periphrastic modals pada abstrak yang dimaksud. Jenis modalitas yang dominan digunakan dalam abstrak tersebut ialah modalitas intensional sebesar 31%. Selanjutnya, modalitas bahasa Melayu yang digunakan pada abstrak artikel jurnal Proceda Social and Behavioral Sciences mengindikasikan adanya fungsi modal tersebut pada konstruksi abstrak. Kata kunci: abstrak, bahasa melayu, jenis modalitas
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Santosh Chhattani, Roshani Thakur, Motilal Jangid, and Neelu Kasare. "Intentional Replantation: A Last Resort for Treatment of Periodontally Hopeless Teeth." International Healthcare Research Journal 4, no. 11 (February 1, 2021): CR1—CR5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0411.02386.
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Periodontal disease is an inflammatory response to the bacterial biofilm which leads to inflammation of periodontal structures and further results in loss of attachment and bone loss which in severe cases leads to mobility of teeth, eventually may cause exfoliation of teeth. Treatment option for excessive mobile teeth is extraction and replacement can be carried out with fixed partial denture or implant placement. In patients with financial constraints and also the patients in whom the fixed partial denture is contraindicated, intentional replantation of periodontally hopeless teeth is an alternative treatment modality. It’s a procedure of purposely removing a tooth and replacing it in a more apical position. Thus, this procedure of intentional replantation can be considered as an alternative treatment modality rather than extraction of periodontally hopeless teeth.
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B R, Aravind, and V. Rajasekaran. "Using Technological Modality to Learn Incidental and Intentional Vocabulary for Effective Communication." International Journal of Intelligent Enterprise 6, no. 3 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijie.2019.10023316.
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Martin, Fabienne, Margaret Grant, Christopher Piñón, and Florian Schäfer. "A new case of low modality: Goal PPs*." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 30 (March 2, 2021): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v30i0.4836.
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This paper provides experimental evidence from German and English against the view that a goal to/zu-PP in combination with a motion verb designates a goal that is reached. We propose that to/zu have a modal meaning, responsible for the defeasibility of the inference that the goal is reached. We argue that the type of subjects (intentional agent vs. accidental agent or theme) determines the flavor of the (necessity) modal encoded by the preposition (teleological or circumstantial), which allows us to account for the observed variation in the strength of the inference with the type of subjects and the type of verbs.
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Wood, Laura L., and Dave Mowers. "The Co-Active Therapeutic theatre model: A manualized approach to creating therapeutic theatre with persons in recovery." Drama Therapy Review 5, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/dtr_00003_1.
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Therapeutic theatre is the intentional use of the process and performance of a theatrical piece with specific therapeutic goals and intentions for an identified population. Study and replication of this modality may benefit from manualization. This article presents an outline of a manualized approach called The Co-Active Therapeutic theatre (CoATT) model, which has been used as a successful intervention for individuals post-intensive treatment who are working towards independent recovery from eating disorders, aphasia and substance use disorders. This preliminary instruction of CoATT emphasizes a solution-focused, manualized process to support recovery and operationalize therapeutic theatre in the service of empirical research.
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Kurniasih, Ulfa. "PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN MODALITAS INTENSIONAL DALAM BAHASA MELAYU DAN BAHASA INDONESIA." Disastra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 1, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/disastra.v1i1.1465.
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Modality is the means of the speaker for his involvement in the truth of his speech propositions. In the semantic level, modalities can appear in all languages with their respective expressions. Modalities according to Alwi (1992) consist of intentional modalities, epistemic modalities, deontic modalities, and dynamic modalities. This study aims to look at changes in use in the aspects of intentional modalities in Malay and Indonesian. The data taken is in the form of Malay texts Hikayat Hang Tuah (1700), Hikayat Indera Nata (1800), and Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk (1982)..
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Efimova, Nadezhda N., Maria L. Ruzhnikova, and Marina I. Violina. "Homophonic Translation as Humpty-Dumpty’s Choice." SHS Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185001049.
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The article considers mechanisms of sense formation in the course of receptive speech activity and deformation of the source text meaning as a result of intentional receptive distortion in the course of auditory perception. Homophonic translation termed soramimi is discussed as a product of audial perception, as a carnivalized text and as a result of an interpretative strategy of cognitive dissonance alignment. We hereby address the auditory modality from the viewpoint of its inherent potential for misinterpretation, both intentional and unintentional. The perceptional phenomena are viewed through addressee’s strategies of realizing the semantic potential of the target text across several languages.
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Artadi, Ari, and Hari Setiawan. "Penggunaan dan Fungsi Kalimat Kondisional Bahasa Jepang “to”, “tara”, “reba” dan “nara” Berdasarkan Modalitas dan Teori Teritori Informasi." JLA (Jurnal Lingua Applicata) 4, no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jla.57300.
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In Japanese, four conjugate particles are usually used to form conditional sentence patterns, namely “to”, “tara”, “reba” and “nara”. Based on the use of their modality and information territory, they have different uses and functions. Data analysis of Japanese newspaper sentences using qualitative method showed that Japanese conditional sentences can be classified into two types. The first type is Repeated Factual Conditional Sentence that uses the conjugate particle “to”. This sentence is used when the speaker and listener are considered to know the contents of the information in it, thus expressing a recurring event or habit. The modality that is widely used is the epistemic modality. The second type is Hypotheses or Assumptions Conditional Sentences that use the conjugate particles of “tara”, “reba”, and “nara”. This conditional sentence is used when the contents of the information is the speaker’s desire and only exists in the territory of the speaker. Therefore, its functions is to show a desire, request, suggestion, order, and prohibition, all of which are hypotheses or assumptions of the speaker. The modality used is the intentional modality, such as the modality of desires, requests, suggestions, commands, prohibitions, and so on.
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Peeters, David, Mingyuan Chu, Judith Holler, Peter Hagoort, and Aslı Özyürek. "Electrophysiological and Kinematic Correlates of Communicative Intent in the Planning and Production of Pointing Gestures and Speech." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 12 (December 2015): 2352–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00865.
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In everyday human communication, we often express our communicative intentions by manually pointing out referents in the material world around us to an addressee, often in tight synchronization with referential speech. This study investigated whether and how the kinematic form of index finger pointing gestures is shaped by the gesturer's communicative intentions and how this is modulated by the presence of concurrently produced speech. Furthermore, we explored the neural mechanisms underpinning the planning of communicative pointing gestures and speech. Two experiments were carried out in which participants pointed at referents for an addressee while the informativeness of their gestures and speech was varied. Kinematic and electrophysiological data were recorded online. It was found that participants prolonged the duration of the stroke and poststroke hold phase of their gesture to be more communicative, in particular when the gesture was carrying the main informational burden in their multimodal utterance. Frontal and P300 effects in the ERPs suggested the importance of intentional and modality-independent attentional mechanisms during the planning phase of informative pointing gestures. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the complex interplay between action, attention, intention, and language in the production of pointing gestures, a communicative act core to human interaction.
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Petersen, Steven E., Peter T. Fox, Michael I. Posner, Mark Mintun, and Marcus E. Raichle. "Positron Emission Tomographic Studies of the Processing of Singe Words." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 1, no. 2 (April 1989): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1989.1.2.153.
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PET images of blood flow change that were averaged across individuals were used to identify brain areas related to lexical (single-word) processing, A small number of discrete areas were activated during several task conditions including: modality-specific (auditory or visual) areas activated by passive word input, primary motor and premotor areas during speech output, and yet further areas during tasks making semantic or intentional demands.
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Mishlanov, Valerii A., Elena M. Krizhanovskaya, and Yulia M. Kuznetsova. "Interpretation of the implicit modality: Semiotic markers of the speech intentions in the texts of online communication." Media Linguistics 8, no. 4 (2021): 366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2021.404.
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The authors of this article present the results of the psycho-linguistic stage of studies which aim to develop instruments for automated identification of online communication texts according to a set dictum and modus parameters. The intentional, volitional, and emotional content of the texts was analyzed which determines their genre and linguo-semiotic peculiarities. As a result of an introspective analysis of the content of texts on the topic of a professional crisis, a number of communicative-textual categories were identified that are significant from the point of view of diagnosing the psychological state of the subject of speech. A description is given of both segment markers of subjective meanings — predicates that directly reflect the intentional-volitional state of the speaker and text fragments that, not being direct modus indicators, with a high degree of probability refer in this context to a certain internal state of the author text. The well-known discursive conventions are taken into account. Methodologically, the authors are guided by the theoretical guidelines of the concept of stylistic-speech consistency (M. N. Kozhina) and the model of relational-situational analysis developed within the framework of the theory of artificial intelligence by G. S. Osipov. When analyzing the modus-dictum content of texts, a scenario approach and methods of “internal and external reconstruction” of subjective meanings were used, interpreted with reference to both segment markers within the analyzed text unit (utterance), and their connections with such adjacent (external) text fragments, which, in the context of a network discussion, refer to certain intentional-volitional states of the subject of speech and are, in fact, their semantic anaphors. It is shown that the content of texts on the subject of a professional crisis is characterized by a high degree of emotiveness, the automatic “reading” of which is an important task of computer linguistics and artificial intelligence.
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Nanay, Bence. "Morality or Modality? What Does the Attribution of Intentionality Depend On?" Canadian Journal of Philosophy 40, no. 1 (March 2010): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjp.0.0087.
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It has been argued that the attribution of intentional actions is sensitive to our moral judgment (Knobe 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, see also Mele 2003, Phelan & Sarkissian 2008). I will examine these arguments and Suggest an alternative explanation for the experiments they are based on.Joshua Knobe conducted the following experiment (Knobe 2003) to support this claim. Subjects were given two vignettes that differed only in one small detail and this difference influenced their attribution of intentionality. The first vignette was the following:The vice-president of a company went to the chairman of the board and said, ‘We are thinking of starting a new program. It will help us increase profits, but it will also harm the environment.’The chairman of the board answered, ‘I don't care at all about harming the environment. I jus)t want to make as much profit as I can. Let's start the new program.’They started the new program. Sure enough, the environment was harmed.
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Yuliantini, Yuliantini, Sumarlam Sumarlam, and Tri Wiratno. "Modalité des modaux du français dans les actes discours directifs dans BD Michel Vaillant en perspective sociopragmatique." Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities 3 (2019): 00046. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.43319.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:0in">This research aims to describe the
type of modality of French modal verbs in directive speech acts in the comic
Michel Vaillant and find its meaning. In French, modality it is seen in the use
of modal verbs such as <i>devoir, pouvoir,
vouloir,</i> and <i>falloir</i>. In addition
to the semantic studies, the terms are also considered to be socio-pragmatic.
This study describes the modality of modal verbs in directives speech acts in
the data. Analysis of the modality types is made by dividing it into four
categories namely intentional, epistemic, deontic and dynamics. The purpose of
this study is to describe the verb type and mode which means the modality of
French modal verbs in directive speech acts. The socio-pragmatic approach is
used to address the problem and interpret the intent of the spoken statement.
The unit of analysis is the speech acts. The speech here means directive using
modal verbs used by the characters in Michel Vaillant. In addition, to find the
meaning of French modal verbs we use Hymes’ theory on the components of speech
situations.<o:p></o:p></p>
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Kravchenko, Nataliia, Mariia Prokopchuk, Anastasiia Pozhar, Liana Kozyarevych-Zozulya, and Yurii Rozhkov. "Illocutionary Pragmatic Adaptation Challenge: Ukrainian Translations of English-language Soft Law Texts." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 49 (February 11, 2022): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.49.01.29.
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The article introduces the concept of illocutionary pragmatic adaptation (IPA) as a local translation adaptation aimed at replacing, de-intensifying or strengthening the modality in Ukrainian translations of the English-language soft law texts. The idea of IPA is based on the premises of illocutionary forces–modality correlation, their graded nature added by the concept of pragmatic translation adaptation, its types, criteria, and strategies. Basic IPA means include shall-associated transformations aimed at adaptation to a softer law and should-associated IPA to a harder law. The omission of shall in the Ukrainian translations results in transforming explicit directives into two-intentional assertives, effecting the replacement of obligative modality by an epistemic belief that the rule should be followed instead of the requirement for the rule observation. Replacing the modal verb of the recommendation should with the verb of obligation “повинні» (must) leads to the transformation of modality of recommendation into an obligative one based on strengthening the directive illocutionary force. The paper has identified three factors of IPA: (1) genre-related, which determines the target text adaptation either to the softer or harder genres of the source text; (2) a discursive space of soft law core values effecting IPA with a decrease in directive illocutionary force and obligative modality; (3) the factor of the local context.
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Mykhaylenko, Valery. "ATTITUDINAL PSEUDO-CLAUSES IN DISCOURSE." Research Bulletin Series Philological Sciences 1, no. 193 (April 2021): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-4077-2021-1-193-321-326.
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This paper addresses the challenges of downtoning the speaker’s probability in discourse and revealing its means of expression. A study of objective statements in various discourse registers using the linguistic category of modality has potency of investigating the correlation of hedging and the type of modality which is considered to be an aspect of interpersonal metafunction in language competence (Aumuller, 2014). The term "modality" shares a range of concepts within the fields ofphilosophy, morphology, syntax, semantics, and discourse-analysis. Studies on modality as an interpersonal metafunction in Systemic Functional Linguistics have in the literature, mainly focused on variants of genres and/or discourse namely; conservative, legal, media, literary, academic, political and medical discourse as well as the contemporary English usage (Jespersen, 1924). The present paper continues the author’s] series on hedging in discourse (Mykhaylenko, 2017). The discourse strategy of hedging/downtoning seems to play a paramount role in discourse: the speaker gives the hearer a possibility to objectively interpret his/her intentional meaning, on the other hand, the hearer expects a definite deontic constituent on the part of the speaker. Based on quantitative and qualitative methods, the article argues that the use of modal expressions can be better explained as reflecting the strategies of hedging used by writers for dealing with the social conditions. Within critical discourse analysis, modality is understood as encompassing much more than simply the occurrence of overt modal auxiliaries such as may, might, can, could, will, would, shall, should, must, and ought (Fowler, 1985). Rather, modality concerns the speaker's attitude toward and/or confidence in the proposition being presented.
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Greggo, Stephen P. "Biblical Metaphors for Corrective Emotional Relationships in Group Work." Journal of Psychology and Theology 35, no. 2 (June 2007): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164710703500206.
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Groups offer multiple opportunities for corrective emotional relationships that promote growth, healing and spiritual formation. The benefits of mutual exchange and emotional nurturance found in interpersonal support reflect human beings as imago dei with intentional fulfillment being found in the community of Jesus Christ. The construct of a corrective emotional relationship will be introduced in terms of the value and dynamics for healing as well as for spiritual refreshment and formation. Drawing on biblical metaphors from the Gospel of John, therelational benefits of interpersonal support are placed within a Christian framework. Group approaches offer specific advantages as a helping modality in Christian settings.
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Khajian Gelogahi, Zeynab, Nahid Aghebati, Seyed Reza Mazloum, and Samira Mohajer. "Effectiveness of Nurseʼs Intentional Presence as a Holistic Modality on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Cardiac Surgery Patients." Holistic Nursing Practice 32, no. 6 (2018): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hnp.0000000000000294.
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Choi, Kyuwan, and Elizabeth B. Torres. "Intentional signal in prefrontal cortex generalizes across different sensory modalities." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00505.2013.
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Biofeedback-EEG training to learn the mental control of an external device (e.g., a cursor on the screen) has been an important paradigm to attempt to understand the involvements of various areas of the brain in the volitional control and the modulation of intentional thought processes. Often the areas to adapt and to monitor progress are selected a priori. Less explored, however, has been the notion of automatically emerging activation in a particular area or subregions within that area recruited above and beyond the rest of the brain. Likewise, the notion of evoking such a signal as an amodal, abstract one remaining robust across different sensory modalities could afford some exploration. Here we develop a simple binary control task in the context of brain-computer interface (BCI) and use a Bayesian sparse probit classification algorithm to automatically uncover brain regional activity that maximizes task performance. We trained and tested 19 participants using the visual modality for instructions and feedback. Across training blocks we quantified coupling of the frontoparietal nodes and selective involvement of visual and auditory regions as a function of the real-time sensory feedback. The testing phase under both forms of sensory feedback revealed automatic recruitment of the prefrontal cortex with a parcellation of higher strength levels in Brodmann's areas 9, 10, and 11 significantly above those in other brain areas. We propose that the prefrontal signal may be a neural correlate of externally driven intended direction and discuss our results in the context of various aspects involved in the cognitive control of our thoughts.
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Shynkaruk, Vasyl, and Svitlana Kharchenko. "Communicative-Functional Potential of Incentive Modality in Psycholinguistic Dimension." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 28, no. 2 (November 8, 2020): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2020-28-2-183-203.
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The objective is to substantiate the psycholinguistic parameters of the category of incentive modality that has a direct connection with a number of mental phenomena and the speaker and the addressee, and describe the psycholinguistic model of the act of volition in combination with the study of the mechanisms and processes of perception, interpretation and speech generation governing the functioning of a language unit in a certain psycholingual dimension and its interpretation by the addressee.
Materials & Methods. To achieve the stated goal, the descriptive method with its inherent means of external and internal interpretations was used as the main one; the pragmatic method involving the methodology of speech act analysis was also applied to determine the components of the psycholinguistic model of an incentive act and distinguish the types of incentive utterances; classification method – for inventory and systematization of indirectly incentive utterances, contextual-interpretive method – for establishing the transposition of non-incentive utterances into incentive ones in speech activity; intent analysis is involved in the study of indirectly incentive utterances that the addressee interprets as incentive ones in a speech situation.
Results. The analysis of the inextricable interconnection of psychological, mental and linguistic processes made it possible to determine the psycholinguistic parameters of the category of incentive modality, in which the content plan (intentional needs of the speaker: orders, wishes, warnings, etc.) and the plan of linguistic representation are clearly explicated. Based on this approach the incentive is interpreted both as a psycholinguistic concept and a linguistic universal category; the components of the linguistic model and the functional structure of the incentive act are defined. The bidirection of the act of volition is emphasized.
Conclusions. It is established that the focus on the positive result of the incentive foresees the obligatory accounting of distinguished or assumed background knowledge, the usage of the single sign system for encoding and decoding information, conventions, communicative situations, etc. The incentive explicates the volitional impulse, the indication to the addressee of the incentive action.
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Seibold, Julia C., Sophie Nolden, Josefa Oberem, Janina Fels, and Iring Koch. "Intentional preparation of auditory attention-switches: Explicit cueing and sequential switch-predictability." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 6 (January 1, 2018): 1382–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1344867.
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In an auditory attention-switching paradigm, participants heard two simultaneously spoken number-words, each presented to one ear, and decided whether the target number was smaller or larger than 5 by pressing a left or right key. An instructional cue in each trial indicated which feature had to be used to identify the target number (e.g., female voice). Auditory attention-switch costs were found when this feature changed compared to when it repeated in two consecutive trials. Earlier studies employing this paradigm showed mixed results when they examined whether such cued auditory attention-switches can be prepared actively during the cue–stimulus interval. This study systematically assessed which preconditions are necessary for the advance preparation of auditory attention-switches. Three experiments were conducted that controlled for cue-repetition benefits, modality switches between cue and stimuli, as well as for predictability of the switch-sequence. Only in the third experiment, in which predictability for an attention-switch was maximal due to a pre-instructed switch-sequence and predictable stimulus onsets, active switch-specific preparation was found. These results suggest that the cognitive system can prepare auditory attention-switches, and this preparation seems to be triggered primarily by the memorised switching-sequence and valid expectations about the time of target onset.
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Rashtchi, Mojgan, and Parisa Yazdani. "Intentional vocabulary learning via WhatsApp: Does the type of input matter?" English Language Teaching Educational Journal 3, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v3i2.2370.
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Nowadays, vocabulary as an influential domain in mastering second/foreign languages has encouraged researchers to put forth conceptualizations that can substantiate the successful learning of words. This study used WhatsApp to investigate the different impacts of two input modalities (voice messages vs. written texts) on EFL learners' intentional learning and retention of words. To this end, 50 female EFL learners in two intact classes (n1=n2=25) were selected from a language institute in Khorramabad, Iran. The groups were randomly assigned to two treatment conditions. The results of a general English proficiency test verified their homogeneity at the outset. A standardized teacher-made vocabulary test assured the researchers that the words were unfamiliar to the learners. After the twelve-session treatment, which was integrated with conventional English teaching classes, another standardized vocabulary test was administered once immediately after the intervention and the second time after a two-week interval. The Friedman repeated measures analysis showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttests. However, the results of the statistical analyses showed no statistically significant differences between the participants' performances on the immediate and delayed posttests. Thus, the researchers concluded that the participants had not forgotten the words from the first to the second posttest indicating the efficacy of intentional vocabulary learning. Additionally, no significant differences were found between the two groups showing the similar impacts of the input modality. The study has implications for EFL teachers and educators whose focus is on TEFL.
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Shevel, Sviatoslav. "Sentence Typology: Communicative Purpose Approach. Tradition and Novelties." Ukrainian Linguistics, no. 50 (2020): 42–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/um/50(2020).42-75.
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The paper offers the analytical review of the author’s typologies of sentences based upon the purpose of their expression and presented in the East Slavic grammars from the early XIX century to the present day. The main focus falls on the systematization of the parameters of the author’s classifications, which enabled distinguishing among the main approaches to the typology of sentences based upon the communicative purposes: the content – based approach with the analysis of the sentence expression; a formal-semantic one, which is based upon the formal means of representation of the speaker’s purpose, in particular the order of words in the sentence, the form of the members of the sentence, as well as the methodological semantics of verb forms; an approach that presupposes the analysis of the intentions and ties of speakers and subjective components of speech; intonation-punctuation approach; in particular a modal approach based on the concept of “syntactic modality”; modal-intentional approach, which is dominated by the communicative intention of the speaker and discursive-pragmatic approach to the interpretation of communicative types of sentences, which takes into account the most hefty aspects of the speech acts theory. Such a classification, as well as a detailed review of the author’s typologies proved correct to divide the sentences according to expression purpose into three main types: sentence-information (informative); motivating sentences (directives); sentence-question (quisitive). Sentences of desire (optatives) are more appropriately included in the inter-category modifications of sentences-information and prompting sentences. We also proved that among all it is important to single out the content of the sentence-statement, syntactic models of representation of this content, communicative intentions and purpose of the speaker as well as the cognitive environment of sentences-statements.
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Press, Robert H., Richard L. Bakst, Sonam Sharma, Rafi Kabarriti, Madhur K. Garg, Brian Yeh, Daphna Y. Gelbum, et al. "Clinical Review of Proton Therapy in the Treatment of Unilateral Head and Neck Cancers." International Journal of Particle Therapy 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14338/ijpt-d-20-00055.1.
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Abstract Radiotherapy is a common treatment modality in the management of head and neck malignancies. In select clinical scenarios of well-lateralized tumors, radiotherapy can be delivered to the primary tumor or tumor bed and the ipsilateral nodal regions, while intentional irradiation of the contralateral neck is omitted. Proton beam therapy is an advanced radiotherapy modality that allows for the elimination of exit-dose through nontarget tissues such as the oral cavity. This dosimetric advantage is apt for unilateral treatments. By eliminating excess dose to midline and contralateral organs at risk and conforming dose around complex anatomy, proton beam therapy can reduce the risk of iatrogenic toxicities. Currently, there is no level I evidence comparing proton beam therapy to conventional photon radiation modalities for unilateral head and neck cancers. However, a growing body of retrospective and prospective evidence is now available describing the dosimetric and clinical advantages of proton beam therapy. Subsequently, the intent of this clinical review is to summarize the current evidence supporting the use of proton beam therapy in unilateral irradiation of head and neck cancers, including evaluation of disease site-specific evidence, unique challenging clinical scenarios, and ongoing clinical trials.
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Силантьева and Margarita Silanteva. "Communication as a Way to Broadcast an Intentional Experience of Local Cultures." Modern Communication Studies 5, no. 4 (August 17, 2016): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20975.
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Handling of modern communication studies to theoretical and methodological achievments of philosophy of culture is the result of the desire for a holistic vision of the interaction of heterogeneous structures, united in the act of communication. This makes it possible, based on the dialectics of the general, special and individual, as well as relying on the ideas of existential dialectic and personalism, to formulate some principles of a dynamic understanding of the communication process and to identify the conditions of its performance. This approach considers “unity of understanding,” “non-empty” communicative act, taken at the same time in the linguistic and extra-linguistic (ethnopsychological, historical, cognitive, semantic, sociological aspects, etc.) measurements. The functional approach to the study of linguistic measurement of communicative act (distinguishing physical and logical types of existence), in conjunction with antisubstantialism allows to highlight the role of abstract, “metaphysical” concepts (universals) for solving linguistic and communicative tasks. Analysis of the communicative act in the semantic dimension allows us to consider it as a unique communicative event, which has a universal structure, through the allocation of dynamic components of this process, which is a kind of superposition, the interference part of concepts (rhizome). This rhizome unity of concepts not only provides the informational content of the message, but also induces a concomitant “background” knowledge (assessment, links and hyperlinks, intention, modality, imperatives, etc.) that make up the pragmatic level of existence of the concept. Intentional aspect of communication, orienting communicators to “essence”, “purpose” and “meaning” (in the dynamic sense) refers to the Other as a reality and at the same time as open project; sets the “horizon” of communicative events, thus creating a space of dialogue as a space of culture and setting field of open universals that define the possibility of an agreement. The importance of this approach for the sphere of international relations can not be overestimated.
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Chévez-Reynosa, Nelly A., María Rodríguez-Rosell, and Ignacio Aguaded. "Doctorados virtuales centroamericanos: educomunicación, formación de tutores y calidad en la producción de conocimiento." Media Education 12, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/me-10259.
Full textAbstract:
A wide offer of quality doctorate degrees stimulates a greater production of research and new knowledge that contribute to the development of science. Virtual education can contribute to expanding this offer. However, in Central America, doctoral degrees are limited, despite an increase in the offer of master’s degree programs in recent decades (more than 2000). Of the total of postgraduate degrees, 2% correspond to doctorate degrees programs and out of this amount, virtual programs barely reach a 2%. The bodies responsible for accrediting the quality of regional postgraduate courses do not have specific evaluation models for the virtual modality. In this context, this study was carried out to identify factors that guarantee the quality of virtual doctorate degrees in Central American contexts and determine areas of training for tutors in this modality of higher education. With a qualitative methodology, applying the phenomenological method and the focused interview technique, an intentional non-probabilistic sample was established with 40 virtual postgraduate teachers from the six Central American countries, reaching the level of information saturation. As a conclusion, it is confirmed that the quality of a doctorate degree requires ensuring factors that guarantee the development of solid research skills and the generation of original scientific knowledge that could contribute to the advancement of science, among these, an adequate communication between tutors and students and an educommunication training.
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Hoh, Brian L., Bob S. Carter, Christopher M. Putman, and Christopher S. Ogilvy. "Important Factors for a Combined Neurovascular Team to Consider in Selecting a Treatment Modality for Patients with Previously Clipped Residual and Recurrent Intracranial Aneurysms." Neurosurgery 52, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 732–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000053209.61909.f2.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE Intracranial residual and recurrent aneurysms can occur after surgical clipping, with risks of growth and rupture. In the past, surgical reoperation, which can be associated with higher risk than the initial operation, was the only available treatment. A combined neurovascular team that uses both surgical and endovascular therapies could maximize efficacy and outcomes while minimizing risks in these difficult cases. The indications for which surgical or endovascular treatment should be used to treat patients with residual or recurrent aneurysms, however, have not been elucidated well. We have reviewed the 10-year experience of our combined neurovascular team to determine in a retrospective manner which factors were important to treatment modality selection for patients with these residual and recurrent lesions. METHODS From 1991 to 2001, the combined neurovascular unit at the Massachusetts General Hospital treated 25 residual and recurrent previously clipped aneurysms (15 had been clipped at other centers). Only patients in whom a clip had been placed were included in the study; patients who did not have a clip placed or whose aneurysms were wrapped or coated were excluded. The radiographic studies and clinical data were reviewed retrospectively to determine the efficacy, outcomes, and factors important to the selection of treatment strategy in these patients. RESULTS The patients' clinical presentations were radiographic follow-up, 17 patients; rehemorrhage, 3; mass effect, 3; and thromboembolism, 2. The mean aneurysm recurrence or residual size was 11 mm (range, 4–26 mm). The mean interval until representation was 6.6 years (range, 1 wk–25 yr). Treatment consisted of: coiling, 11 patients; reclipping, 8; proximal parent vessel balloon occlusion, 2; extracranial-intracranial bypass with coil occlusion of aneurysm and parent vessel, 2; extracranial-intracranial bypass with clip trapping, 1; and extracranial-intracranial bypass with proximal clip occlusion of parent vessel, 1. The mean radiographic follow-up period was 11 months. Complete angiographic occlusion was found in 19 aneurysms (76%), at least 90% occlusion was found in 4 aneurysms (16%), intentional partial coil obliteration was found in 1 fusiform lesion (4%), and intentional retrograde flow was found in 1 fusiform lesion (4%). Clinical outcomes were excellent or good in 19 patients (76%). Twenty-one patients (84%) were neurologically the same after retreatment (13 remained neurologically intact, and 8 had preexisting neurological deficits that did not change). Three patients (12%) had new neurological deficits after retreatment, and one patient (4%) died. There were four complications of retreatment (16%), one of which was a fatal hemorrhage in a patient 1 month after intentional partial coil obliteration of a fusiform vertebrobasilar junction aneurysm. Factors important to the selection of treatment modality were recurrence or residual location (all posterior circulation lesions were treated endovascularly), lesion size (lesions larger than 10 mm were treated endovascularly or with the use of combined techniques), and aneurysm morphology (fusiform and wide-necked lesions were treated endovascularly or with the use of combined techniques). CONCLUSION The proper selection of surgical or endovascular treatment for residual and recurrent previously clipped aneurysms can achieve excellent radiographic efficacy with low mortality. Factors important to the selection of treatment by this combined neurovascular team were posterior circulation location, aneurysm size larger than 10 mm, and fusiform morphology, which were treated endovascularly or with the use of combined techniques because of the higher surgical risk associated with these factors. For aneurysms with lower surgical risk, such as some anterior circulation aneurysms and aneurysms smaller than 10 mm, we prefer to perform a reoperation because of superior radiographic cure without compromising the outcome.
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Copper, Jenna, and George Semich. "YouTube as a Teacher Training Tool." International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 10, no. 4 (October 2014): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicte.2014100103.
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High-stakes student testing, accountability for students' outcomes, new educational trends, and revised curricula and standards are only a few of the reasons that teachers must learn to teach complex material with skilled and intentional practices. As a result, professional development for educators is in critical demand. Nevertheless, research in the field of professional development indicates that most teachers do not experience effective teacher training (Desimone et al., 2002; Guskey, 2002). Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to examine one professional development opportunity using the video-sharing tool, YouTube, as a training modality for in-servicing teachers. For this study, the researchers conducted interviews with six teachers currently teaching in Western Pennsylvania to analyze their perceptions about the YouTube teacher training method. The results of the study indicated that the YouTube training tool is a quality training tool to assist teachers in the implementation of higher-order teaching strategies. Additionally, the results indicated that YouTube training videos could reinforce in-person training.
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Becerra Gálvez, Ana L., Alejandro Pérez, Isaías V. Lugo, Yuma Y. Pérez, América G. Franco, Erick A. Medina, and Sandra A. Anguiano. "Stress, coping and resilience in times of COVID-19: an online psychological intervention for women." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20220223.
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Background: In the COVID-19 pandemic, women are a vulnerable group because they are more prone to suffering mental health problems. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of an online Cognitive-Behavioral intervention on stress, coping, and resilience in a group of women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.Methods: Employing a single-group pre-test and post-test design and an intentional non-probabilistic sampling, 43 participants received training in cognitive-behavioral techniques, during five synchronous sessions on a videoconferencing platform.Results: Participants reported moderate perceived stress before and after the intervention (Mdn =15). Changes were observed in four of the five dimensions of the Mexican resilience scale (p≤0.05; r≥0.442) as well as, in the distancing and positive appraisal subscales of the ways of coping questionnaire (p≤0. 05; r≥0.456).Conclusions: Telepsychology is a low-cost, feasible, and effective remote intervention modality to promote more adaptive coping and resilience behaviours during a health emergency.
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Jiménez, Santiago U. Sánchez. "La vaguedad y la precisión: Ejercicios de elasticidad lingüística." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 5 (October 14, 2021): 6770–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n5-033.
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La vaguedad es una propiedad inherente de las lenguas naturales y, también, una estrategia discursiva eficaz. En este trabajo se presta atención a los rasgos de la vaguedad lingüística, a los motivos que justifican su existencia, a los tipos de vaguedad y a la relación que se establece con otros procesos semánticos como la polisemia, la homonimia o la modalidad epistémica. La vaguedad intencional (la que persigue un fin comunicativo) ha de enmarcarse dentro del contínuum precisión-imprecisión. En el ámbito de la vaguedad intencional ha de distinguirse una vaguedad pragmática (generada por el contexto) y otra vaguedad lingüística, consistente en el empleo de elementos lingüísticos que estrechan el margen de precisión o amplían el espectro de la vaguedad. La posibilidad de que el emisor pueda intervenir en el grado de precisión o imprecisión de una expresión lingüística pone de manifiesto la elasticidad del idioma.
Vagueness is an inherent property of natural languages and also an effective discursive strategy. In this work attention to features of linguistic vagueness, the reasons for their existence, the types of vagueness and the relationship established with other semantic processes such as polysemy, homonyms or epistemic modality is provided. The intentional vagueness (which pursues a communicative purpose) must fit within the continuum of precision-vagueness. In the field of intentional vagueness we have to distinguish a pragmatic vagueness (generated by the context) and other linguistic vagueness, consisting of the use of linguistic elements that narrow the margin of precision or broaden the spectrum of vagueness. The possibility that the speaker may select the degree of accuracy or inaccuracy of a linguistic expression shows the elasticity of language.
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Gontijo, Clovis Salgado. "A Imaterialidade do Inefável: Traços Imponderáveis da Percepção Auditiva e da Experiência Musical em Vladimir Jankélévitch." Philosophy of Music 74, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 983–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2018_74_4_0983.
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The concept of the ineffable, employed by Vladimir Jankélévitch’s philosophy of music, seems to imply, besides a limit to verbal expression, the idea of immateriality. This article will initially consider the immaterial tenor of the ineffable in two strands which particularly influenced the philosopher: Christian mysticism and Neoplatonism. A second and larger section will be devoted to the investigation of the theme in Jankélévitchian philosophy of music. Firstly, some “immaterial” features of musical experience and auditory perception, such as its indivisible, non-locatable, non-storable and non-objectifiable character will be identified. Secondly, it will focus on the intentional search of immateriality by Debussy and Fauré, who enhance the immateriality of music through specific procedures, such as the choice of diaphanous motifs, the nocturnal setting, the absence of external references, the exploration of veiled timbers and of sonorities of minimal intensity, the special use of modality and modulation. These aspects will be summed up in the conclusion, which will also question the possibility of inferring the alleged essential immateriality of music from the poetics that cultivate intangible sonorous atmospheres.
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Yadav, A. K., R. S. Shrestha, R. Sharma, B. Khadka, L. Awale, and G. B. Malla. "Spontaneous Expulsion of Ingested Foreign Bodies: Case Series and Review of Literature." Birat Journal of Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v1i1.17106.
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Foreign body ingestion is a commonly seen event in emergencies, usually in children, psychiatric patients, chronic alcoholics, drug abusers and the elderly patients with poor fitting dentures as well as the mentally challenged individuals. While ingestion of foreign bodies into Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) may be accidental (especially in children), or experimental (anal insertion by adults), it may be purely intentional as in smugglers of illicit drugs, jewels and other valuables so as to evade detection by the security. About, 90% of ingested foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract without complications, 1020% necessitate endoscopic removal, while only 1% of them will finally need surgical intervention. In clinical practice we often face the dilemma of choosing the appropriate treatment modality. We present five cases treated in the emergency ward of B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal, emphasizing in a "waiting and close observation" policy. Among these cases, all expelled the foreign body spontaneously in their stool without any complications.Birat Journal of Health Sciences 2016 1(1): 78-82
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Booth, Robert. "Merleau-Ponty, Correlationism, and Alterity." PhaenEx 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2018): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/p.v12i2.5032.
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A common commitment amongst speculative realists holds that phenomenology is irredeemably hostile to nonhuman alterity because phenomenology is correlationist. Since phenomenologists deny unmediated access to the modality of the in-itself, their correlationism purportedly consists in subsuming the more-than-human world into one’s own (narrowly anthropocentric) intentional horizon, a move that promises correspondingly disastrous environmental implications. Merleau-Pontian phenomenology appears to be especially guilty in this regard since Merleau-Ponty argues that taking our situated embodiment sufficiently seriously entails that any other entity encountered must always take the form of an “in-itself-for-us.” In this paper, I argue that the charge of correlationism against Merleau-Pontian phenomenology can be disarmed because it is either false or insubstantial. In either case, I argue, if we are to remain sufficiently open to more-than-human alterity to evade the dangerous sort of anthropocentrism that anticorrelationists rightly speak against, we would do well to retain the very subject-object ambiguity that motivates the correlationist charge against Merleau-Pontian phenomenology in the first place.
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Baranwal, H. C., Nidhi Singh, Neeraj Kumar, Riya Garg, Jyoti Yadav, and Richik Tripathi. "New Approach in the Management of Vertical Root Fracture with the Help of Biodentine and CBCT." Case Reports in Dentistry 2020 (September 14, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2806324.
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Introduction. Vertical root fracture is a big challenge to dentists for its diagnosis and treatment. As the tooth presents poor prognosis, the most common treatment modality is extraction. One can save the tooth from extraction by the reconstruction of fracture fragments followed by intentional reimplantation. New treatment options have arrived for healing of the fracture site by hard tissue barrier formation with the help of bioceramic materials. Case Report. The present case report describes successful management of complete vertical root fracture of a maxillary left central incisor by trauma in a 35-year-old male with the help of Biodentine, a bonding agent, a fiber post, and dual-cure resin cement without tooth extraction, followed by all ceramic crowns. Up to two years of follow-up, there is no problem in the tooth, and radiographically, there is no radiolucency along the fracture line. Periodontal status and probing depth were within a normal physiological limit. Conclusion. Functional and aesthetic outcomes are achieved by combined therapy in the present case report.
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Setyawati, Nanik, Riyadi Santosa, Sumarlam Sumarlam, and Dwi Purnanto. "MODALITAS SEBAGAI PERANTI SISTEM APPRAISAL DALAM TEKS IKLAN KULINER KHAS SEMARANG DI MEDIA INTERNET." Haluan Sastra Budaya 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/hsb.v5i1.44864.
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<em>Persuasive power in the language of advertising can be reflected in the structure of words, phrases, or clauses in the contents of written or spoken advertisements. Most ad text uses verbal and nonverbal symbols to convey the intent and purpose. The use of language in advertising is adjusted to the needs and to achieve the purpose of the ad. Linguistic research specifically looking at appraisal devices in culinary text advertisements on the internet has an important role in uncovering the ideology of their makers. Through appraisal device studies, especially modalities in ad text on the internet media will be able to know and understand the attitude of advertisers towards the reality that surrounds them, namely their assessment of the advertised goods and the assessment of their environment. This qualitative research refers to Sudaryanto's opinion in providing data and data analysis. Provision of data using the method of referencing and note taking. Data analysis methods and techniques use the method of sharing with basic techniques, namely techniques for direct elements; while the advanced technique uses the technique of fade and dressing techniques. Through a series of analyzes, it was found that there was a use of modality: intentional, epistemic, deontic, and dynamic in the culinary ad text typical of Semarang</em>.
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Amrania, H., L. Drummond, R. C. Coombes, S. Shousha, L. Woodley-Barker, K. Weir, W. Hart, I. Carter, and C. C. Phillips. "New IR imaging modalities for cancer detection and for intra-cell chemical mapping with a sub-diffraction mid-IR s-SNOM." Faraday Discussions 187 (2016): 539–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00150a.
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We present two new modalities for generating chemical maps. Both are mid-IR based and aimed at the biomedical community, but they differ substantially in their technological readiness. The first, so-called “Digistain”, is a technologically mature “locked down” way of acquiring diffraction-limited chemical images of human cancer biopsy tissue. Although it is less flexible than conventional methods of acquiring IR images, this is an intentional, and key, design feature. It allows it to be used, on a routine basis, by clinical personnel themselves. It is in the process of a full clinical evaluation and the philosophy behind the approach is discussed. The second modality is a very new, probe-based “s-SNOM”, which we are developing in conjunction with a new family of tunable “Quantum Cascade Laser” (QCL) diode lasers. Although in its infancy, this instrument can already deliver ultra-detailed chemical images whose spatial resolutions beat the normal diffraction limit by a factor of ∼1000. This is easily enough to generate chemical maps of the insides of single cells for the first time, and a range of new possible scientific applications are explored.
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Pöppel, Ernst. "Pre-semantically defined temporal windows for cognitive processing." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1525 (July 12, 2009): 1887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0015.
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Neuronal oscillations of different frequencies are hypothesized to be basic for temporal perception; this theoretical concept provides the frame to discuss two temporal mechanisms that are thought to be essential for cognitive processing. One such mechanism operates with periods of oscillations in the range of some tens of milliseconds, and is used for complexity reduction of temporally and spatially distributed neuronal activities. Experimental evidence comes from studies on temporal-order threshold, choice reaction time, single-cell activities, evoked responses in neuronal populations or latency distributions of oculomotor responses. The other mechanism refers to pre-semantic integration in the temporal range of approximately 2–3 s. Experimental evidence comes from studies on temporal reproduction, sensorimotor synchronization, intentional movements, speech segmentation, the shift rate of ambiguous stimuli in the visual or auditory modality or the temporal modulation of the mismatch negativity. These different observations indicate the existence of a universal process of temporal integration underlying the mental machinery. This process is believed to be basic for maintenance and change of perceptual identity. Owing to the omnipresence of this kind of temporal segmentation, it is suggested to use this process for a pragmatic definition of the states of being conscious or the ‘subjective presence’.
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Pratt, Douglas. "Exclusivism and Exclusivity: A Contemporary Theological Challenge." Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 20, no. 3 (October 2007): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x0702000304.
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The phenomenon of religious exclusivism increasingly confronts peoples of faith and goodwill who wish only for peaceful co-existence in equality and freedom with their religious neighbour. But there is more than one variety of religious exclusivism. This study will show that there are at least three variants of religious exclusivism, namely open, closed and extreme. Further, inasmuch as exclusivism indicates a positing of religious identity over against any “other”, then it will be argued that the variant exclusivisms themselves reflect a continuum of ideological and theological stance that is taken toward the concept of variety as represented by the religious “other” per se. This ranges through antithetical acknowledgement, enactive ignorance, and the intentional invalidation of variety. It is the issue of the invalidation of otherness which, I contend, constitutes the severe theological problem of religious exclusivism in extremis. It is here, in the modality of religious fundamentalism and extremism that theological ideology impinges most dramatically upon the public domain. Might it be possible to speak of a proper religious exclusivity without falling necessarily into the pit of exclusivist extremism? In addressing this question I shall briefly examine the views of Alvin Plantinga, Gavin D'Costa, and the declaration Nostra Aetate of Vatican II.
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Sadovnikova, O. N., and I. V. Sharavieva. "Modal Verbs in the Modern Chinese Language." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 4 (January 5, 2021): 1126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-1126-1133.
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The article presents a new view on Chinese modal verbs as a part of speech. Based on the typology of the Chinese language, the authors analyzed modal verbs according to their functional-syntactic, formal-morphological, and semantic features in order of importance. The article discusses the position of modal operators in the sentence and other characteristics. For instance, Chinese modal verbs have no impact on the object and cannot independently form sentences or combine with grammemes. Therefore, the authors believe that Chinese modal verbs (modal operators) belong to the lexical-grammatical group of adverbs as a special category of intentional adverbs. Their intentionality reflects the outward focus of linguistic consciousness, based on the internal reference point of the speaker. The group includes such meanings as "wish", "obligation", "opportunity", "permission", and "will". The research owes its theoretical significance to the fact that it contributes to a better understanding of the essence and nature of modal operators and modality meanings, identifying them as a separate group of adverbs. The obtained results are applicable in the field of theoretical grammar of the Chinese language and can be used in researches related to further analysis of parts of speech problem in the Chinese language.
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Livingston, Paul M. "Presentation and the Ontology of Consciousness." Grazer Philosophische Studien 94, no. 3 (August 8, 2017): 301–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-09403002.
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The idea that we can understand key aspects of the metaphysics of consciousness by understanding conscious states as having a presentational character plays an essential role in the phenomenological tradition beginning with Brentano and Husserl. In this paper, the author explores some potential consequences of this connection for contemporary discussions of the ontology of consciousness in the world. Drawing on Hintikka’s analysis of epistemic modality, the author argues that the essential presentational character of consciousness can be seen as accounting for the familiar failure of substitutivity of identicals in intensional contexts of conscious presentation and further provides for an ontology of conscious presentation that avoids metaphysically problematic commitments to “special” intentional objects. The author next considers how the irreducibility of intensional contexts, if grounded in the presentational character of consciousness, also may provide for a kind of irreducibility of the “first-person” perspective to third-person or objective description across possible worlds. Finally, drawing on Chalmers’ “two-dimensionalist” semantic framework, the author argues that attention to the presentational aspect of consciousness as thus understood, while it provides significant motivation for the existence of the “hard problem” of the irreducibility of consciousness to physical and structural description, is nevertheless consistent with a globally monist, rather than dualist, ontology.
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Sadovnikova, O. N., and I. V. Sharavieva. "Modal Verbs in the Modern Chinese Language." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 4 (January 5, 2021): 1126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-1126-1133.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents a new view on Chinese modal verbs as a part of speech. Based on the typology of the Chinese language, the authors analyzed modal verbs according to their functional-syntactic, formal-morphological, and semantic features in order of importance. The article discusses the position of modal operators in the sentence and other characteristics. For instance, Chinese modal verbs have no impact on the object and cannot independently form sentences or combine with grammemes. Therefore, the authors believe that Chinese modal verbs (modal operators) belong to the lexical-grammatical group of adverbs as a special category of intentional adverbs. Their intentionality reflects the outward focus of linguistic consciousness, based on the internal reference point of the speaker. The group includes such meanings as "wish", "obligation", "opportunity", "permission", and "will". The research owes its theoretical significance to the fact that it contributes to a better understanding of the essence and nature of modal operators and modality meanings, identifying them as a separate group of adverbs. The obtained results are applicable in the field of theoretical grammar of the Chinese language and can be used in researches related to further analysis of parts of speech problem in the Chinese language.
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De Mello, Geraldine, Misyana Susanti Husin @ Ma’mor, Nur Hidayatulshima Omar, Kamisah Ariffin, and Mohamad Idham Md Razak. "Grammar Buzz: Let’s Buzz with Grammar." International Journal of Modern Languages And Applied Linguistics 2, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v2i3.7633.
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Grammar Buzz (GB) is an edutainment board game that helps to promote students’ grammar acquisition and their ability of using English grammar in sentences. It is a multisensory game which requires players to physically throw the dice and move the token to the phrase category destination. Then the players are to construct a grammatically correct sentence using the phrase category. Students who have difficulty with single-modality learning method would benefit from this visual, kinaesthetic and auditory board game as GB supports intentional grammar learning. While the players are doing something fun, they can be learning grammar without noticing it. Past studies found revamping the delivery of grammar lesson to be fun and enjoyable, helped increase learners’ motivation and also interest. Inspired from the Monopoly board game, GB is definitely a creative and innovative alternative to dreary grammar drills. Games can remove boredom without sacrificing repetition that is necessary for successful learning of language elements, especially grammar. GB certainly brings about fun and excitement amongst the players and offers entertaining language practices other than the traditional pencil-paper grammar exercises. GB has huge potential to be commercialized in schools as it is applicable for both students and teachers in schools and also at tertiary level.
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Kawabe, Takahiro, Warrick Roseboom, and Shin'ya Nishida. "The sense of agency is action–effect causality perception based on cross-modal grouping." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1763 (July 22, 2013): 20130991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0991.
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Sense of agency, the experience of controlling external events through one's actions, stems from contiguity between action- and effect-related signals. Here we show that human observers link their action- and effect-related signals using a computational principle common to cross-modal sensory grouping. We first report that the detection of a delay between tactile and visual stimuli is enhanced when both stimuli are synchronized with separate auditory stimuli (experiment 1). This occurs because the synchronized auditory stimuli hinder the potential grouping between tactile and visual stimuli. We subsequently demonstrate an analogous effect on observers' key press as an action and a sensory event. This change is associated with a modulation in sense of agency; namely, sense of agency, as evaluated by apparent compressions of action–effect intervals (intentional binding) or subjective causality ratings, is impaired when both participant's action and its putative visual effect events are synchronized with auditory tones (experiments 2 and 3). Moreover, a similar role of action–effect grouping in determining sense of agency is demonstrated when the additional signal is presented in the modality identical to an effect event (experiment 4). These results are consistent with the view that sense of agency is the result of general processes of causal perception and that cross-modal grouping plays a central role in these processes.
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Enrici, Ivan, Mauro Adenzato, Stefano Cappa, Bruno G. Bara, and Marco Tettamanti. "Intention Processing in Communication: A Common Brain Network for Language and Gestures." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 9 (September 2011): 2415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21594.
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Human communicative competence is based on the ability to process a specific class of mental states, namely, communicative intention. The present fMRI study aims to analyze whether intention processing in communication is affected by the expressive means through which a communicative intention is conveyed, that is, the linguistic or extralinguistic gestural means. Combined factorial and conjunction analyses were used to test two sets of predictions: first, that a common brain network is recruited for the comprehension of communicative intentions independently of the modality through which they are conveyed; second, that additional brain areas are specifically recruited depending on the communicative modality used, reflecting distinct sensorimotor gateways. Our results clearly showed that a common neural network is engaged in communicative intention processing independently of the modality used. This network includes the precuneus, the left and right posterior STS and TPJ, and the medial pFC. Additional brain areas outside those involved in intention processing are specifically engaged by the particular communicative modality, that is, a peri-sylvian language network for the linguistic modality and a sensorimotor network for the extralinguistic modality. Thus, common representation of communicative intention may be accessed by modality-specific gateways, which are distinct for linguistic versus extralinguistic expressive means. Taken together, our results indicate that the information acquired by different communicative modalities is equivalent from a mental processing standpoint, in particular, at the point at which the actor's communicative intention has to be reconstructed.
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Vetter, Kai, Ross Barnowski, Joshua W. Cates, Andrew Haefner, Tenzing H. Y. Joshi, Ryan Pavlovsky, and Brian J. Quiter. "Advances in Nuclear Radiation Sensing: Enabling 3-D Gamma-Ray Vision." Sensors 19, no. 11 (June 4, 2019): 2541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112541.
Full textAbstract:
The enormous advances in sensing and data processing technologies in combination with recent developments in nuclear radiation detection and imaging enable unprecedented and “smarter” ways to detect, map, and visualize nuclear radiation. The recently developed concept of three-dimensional (3-D) Scene-data fusion allows us now to “see” nuclear radiation in three dimensions, in real time, and specific to radionuclides. It is based on a multi-sensor instrument that is able to map a local scene and to fuse the scene data with nuclear radiation data in 3-D while the instrument is freely moving through the scene. This new concept is agnostic of the deployment platform and the specific radiation detection or imaging modality. We have demonstrated this 3-D Scene-data fusion concept in a range of configurations in locations, such as the Fukushima Prefecture in Japan or Chernobyl in Ukraine on unmanned and manned aerial and ground-based platforms. It provides new means in the detection, mapping, and visualization of radiological and nuclear materials relevant for the safe and secure operation of nuclear and radiological facilities or in the response to accidental or intentional releases of radioactive materials where a timely, accurate, and effective assessment is critical. In addition, the ability to visualize nuclear radiation in 3-D and in real time provides new means in the communication with public and facilitates to overcome one of the major public concerns of not being able to “see” nuclear radiation.
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Milyutina, Marina G. "Functional grammar in the service of poetry (infinitive writing in poetical texts by B. Akhmadulina, I. Brodsky, A. Kushner)." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4 (2021): 276–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/77/21.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses the issues of the poetic grammar of the infinitive. The author suggests that grammar is no less involved in the formation of the poetic text artistic peculiarities than lexis. Linguistic analysis of the poetical texts is based on the methodological apparatus of functional grammar becoming increasingly important for studying poetical structures. Poetical texts by B. Akhmadulina, I. Brodsky, and A. Kushner devoted to the dream theme were analyzed for typical features of the “infinitive writing” (A. K. Zholkovsky), a special poetical technique. The author assumes that the analysis considering the creative laboratory of infinitive poetry through the eyes of a linguist can considerably develop and compliment valuable observations of A. K. Zholkovsky. The infinitive specificity is that it opens up opportunities for its unusual, stylistically and semantically significant research. The detailed analysis revealed the features of expressing the categories of temporality and modality in dependent and independent infinitive constructions, which are considered serial. A conclusion was made that infinitive constructions, especially those with an independent infinitive, leave a great space for multiple interpretations in a poetic context. The very use of the infinitive writing technique is intentional, allowing the author of the text to form a special “meditative mood” (A. K. Zholkovsky). The infinitive constructions are most suitable for deepening the text’s modal plan and making the text more expressive. Without pointing directly to the external time, they allow focusing on the internal flow of the action, bringing its aspectual characteristics to the foreground.
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Dolník, Juraj. "Methodological impulses of Ján Horecký." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 71, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2020-0018.
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Abstract The author of the study develops the ideas of J. Horecký, which relate to the language sign, the language system, language consciousness and its cultivation. Interpretations of J. Horecký’s statements on the systemic and communicative language sign lead to the conclusion that there is really only a communication sign as an ambivalent significant for users of the language who control the rules of its use. Significant are articulation‐acoustic units, which we feel as fictitious equivalents of what we experience when we are in the intentional state. J. Horecký’s reflections on the language system led the author to confront the user of the language as an actor of language practice with the user realizing himself as a reflexive linguistic being. In this confrontation, the language system came into focus in a practical and reflexive modality. On the background of these modalities of the language system, the author approaches linguistic consciousness in the interpretation of J. Horecký, in order to shed light on it in terms of two questions: (1) What is the degree of linguistic awareness of the mother tongue? (2) What is the “true” cultivation of language consciousness? These questions led the author to confront the linguistic realist with the anti‐realist and to discover a situation in which the linguist believes in realism but holds the position of anti‐realist. The author leans towards the realists and emphasizes the thesis that the representation of the language system is true when it corresponds to the language system resulting from the nature of language.
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Trofimova, Olga, and Anastasia Petrukhina. "Medical Books of the 17th–18th Centuries from the Siberian Archives: Structural-and-Grammatical Aspect." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 4 (December 2021): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2021.4.2.
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The article presents a comparative study of two medical books from the Siberian archives dating back to the 17 th –18 th centuries: Tobolsk Lechebnik (TL) kept in Tobolsk Book Depository, and Altai Lechebnik (AL) stored in Altai Museum of Local Lore – both stemming from the text of the medical book called "Prokhladnyi Vertograd (The Cool Garden)" from the collection of the Rumyantsev Museum (PV). Our findings show that Siberian medical books demonstrate different degrees of structural and grammatical transformation of the source PV text, conventionally considered by the authors of the research to be a list, which is chronologically closer to the original text. It was established that TL can be regarded as a list derived from the PV, and AL – a source reflecting a further stage in the process of text generation in the institutional medical discourse. We claim that the intentional and grammatical perspective of the medical text formation is associated with the modal variability of verbal lexemes: the prevailing in PV and TL personal verb forms reflect the presence of the subject of speech as an agent in special communication; in AL these are replaced by infinitives which transform the real modality of the message about an action "from experience" (in PV and TL) into a syntactic categorical imperative.It was also determined that the subject of the action expressed by personal verb forms is typically generalized (in this case, special actions of the doctor and the patient can be detected through the difference in the verbal lexemes). The subject is not grammatically defined with the infinitive verb forms.
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Niu, Zhaomeng, Jessica Fitts Willoughby, Elliot J. Coups, and Jerod L. Stapleton. "Effects of Website Interactivity on Skin Cancer–Related Intentions and User Experience: Factorial Randomized Experiment." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): e18299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18299.
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Background Digital media technologies provide users with the ability to interact with content and to receive information based on their preferences and engagement. Objective We used skin cancer and sun protection as a health topic to explore how modality interactivity, interface tools that afford users greater activity, resulting in greater depth and breadth of mentally representing and experiencing mediated content, and message interactivity, the extent to which the system allows users to exchange messages back and forth on health websites, influenced users’ attitudes, knowledge, behavioral intentions, and experience. Methods We employed a 2×2 (modality interactivity: high vs low; message interactivity: high vs low) between-subject online experiment for which 4 websites were created. Participants (n=293) were recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk and randomly assigned into to 1 of 4 conditions. After browsing the website, participants completed an online survey regarding their experience and cognitive perceptions. General linear models and path analysis were used to analyze the data. Results Both modality interactivity (P=.001) and message interactivity (P<.001) had an impact on intention to use sun protection. Attitudes toward health websites and perceived knowledge mediated the effects of modality interactivity and message interactivity on sun protection use intention, individually. Participants in the high modality interactivity and high message interactivity condition felt more satisfied (P=.02). Participants in the low message interactivity condition had more interest in the experience with health websites than participants in the high message interactivity condition (P=.044). Conclusions Findings suggested that modality interactivity influenced intention to use sun protection directly as well as via attitudes toward the websites. Message interactivity impacted intention to use sunscreen directly and also through perceived knowledge. Implications for designing health websites and health intervention content are discussed.
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Carr, W. David, Jennifer Volberding, and Phillip Vardiman. "A Peer-Assisted Learning Program and its Effect on Student Skill Demonstration." Athletic Training Education Journal 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-6.3.129.
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Objective: To explore the effect of an intentional Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL) program on peer-tutors and peer-tutees for performance on specific psychomotor skills. Design and Setting: Randomized, pretest-posttest experimental design. Participants: Undergraduate students (N = 69, 42 females and 27 males, all participants were 18 to 22 years old, 19.5±1.2) enrolled in the professional phase of an accredited Athletic Training Education Program. Measurements: Pretest and posttest performance for the peer-tutors and post-peer interaction for the peer-tutees on identified therapeutic modality and orthopedic assessment psychomotor skill sets. Peer-tutors were randomly assigned to one of four groups; PAL only (PAL), PAL and the focused review session (PAL+), focused review session only (REV), and a control group (CON). Peer-tutees were randomly assigned to interact with the peer-tutors from the PAL and PAL+ or no interaction as a control group. Pretest-posttest percentage correct average changes for the peer tutors were analyzed with an ANOVA. Results: The pretest-posttest skill scores were found to be significantly different for the peer-tutors (F3,102 = 4.703; P = .004). Post-hoc means comparison revealed significant differences between the peer-tutor groups PAL versus CON, PAL+ versus CON, and REV versus CON. Analysis of the peer-tutee means revealed no significant differences (PAL; .906 ± .087, PAL+; .918 ± .077, and Control; .881 ± .061). Conclusion: These data suggest that peer interaction can increase student skill performance scores for the peer-tutors. A visual review of the means indicates a trend of increased skill level for the peer-tutees that received peer-tutoring from the PAL+ peer tutors. No significant difference was found with the REV group. It would appear from the peer-tutor perspective that a focused review session has more of an effect on student learning than peer interaction.