Journal articles: 'Inter-component adhesion'

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Ijaz, Hassan, L. Gornet, M. A. Khan, W. Saleem, K. Nisar, and S. R. Chaudry. "Prediction of Delamination Crack Growth in Carbon/Fiber Epoxy Composite Laminates Using a Non-Local Cohesive Zone Modeling." Advanced Materials Research 570 (September 2012): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.570.25.

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The global behavior of composite materials is strongly influenced by the quality of adhesion between different components. A component can be single phase, like fibers or particles used as reinforcement in a homogenous matrix, or a multiphase material like a layer in long-fiber laminate. In the latter case the degradation of adhesion implies the separation of the layers, known as delamination. Among all different failure mechanisms, Delamination is considered to be the most prominent mode of failure in fiber-reinforced laminates as a result of their relatively weak inter-laminar strength. When laminated structures are subjected to static, dynamic or cyclic loadings, the inter-laminar adhesion strength between individual plies tends to deteriorate significantly and act as the origin of the final failure. Therefore, an efficient and reliable design tool capable of predicting delamination could improve the durability for composite laminates. There exist damage mechanics based formulations capable of simulating the delamination crack growth in carbon/glass fiber epoxy based composite laminates. The present study is focused on taking a step forward in this respect. At first, already existed local interface models effectiveness is tested and results are successfully compared with available experimental data for UD IMS/924 Carbon/fiber epoxy composite laminate. Next, a non-local integral-type regularization scheme is introduced to overcome the spurious localization problem associated to the existing local model. Basic concepts and mathematical modeling of Non-Local damage evolution law are comprehensively studied and presented in this study. Finite Element simulation results based on proposed model are discussed in detail and are compared with experimental results.

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van Pelt, Johannes, and Fred Romijn. "Long-Term Quality Control of the Cytokine & Growth Factors and Cell Adhesion Molecule Arrays at the Randox Evidence Investigator." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 28, no. 4 (2009): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-009-0031-x.

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Long-Term Quality Control of the Cytokine & Growth Factors and Cell Adhesion Molecule Arrays at the Randox Evidence InvestigatorMulti component assays are a promising development in laboratory medicine. Reproducibility and standardization of the used technology is crucial for the quality of the results. In our laboratory several studies were carried out in a period of more than two years using the Randox Evidence Investigator. We applied the Cytokine & Growth Factors and Cell Adhesion Molecule Array from which reference values could be obtained. Cytokines are not useful in low grade inflammation or in normal persons as the levels are too low to detect. However growth factors and cell adhesion molecules could be determined in those studies. Outcomes with the arrays were compared with conventional assays such as ELISA. The correlations of IL-6 and IL-10 were very good and that of s-ICAM acceptable. Inter-assay coefficients of variation could be calculated by using the same control level material during those years. The system turned out to be easy to handle and very stable over a long period of time with CV's of about 8-12%. The results obtained are not dependent of the lot number of the arrays or apparatus as two different apparatus gave same outcomes.

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Oleg, Dyshyn, Habibov Ibrahim, Suleymanova Arzu, Abasova Sevinc, Malikov Rauf, and Khankishiyeva Tamila. "Identifying of the mechanism formation of a natural nanocomposite in polymer composite materials." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 6(122) (2023): 24–31. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.277587.

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The object of the study is the sealing elements of the packer. The fundamental principle of the cluster model is the assumption that the sum of the relative volume fractions of two structural elements of a natural nanocomposite (loosely packed matrix and nanoclusters) is equal to one –  This approach is incorrect because it is violated when the nanoclusters are immersed in a loosely packed matrix. In this regard, a new relationship is proposed that relates the relative volume fractions of the loosely packed matrix and the part of nanoclusters immersed in it –  Calculation formulas are obtained for the relative fractions of the loosely packed matrix and the interphase region. The paper shows that such an assumption is unfounded due to the indispensable immersion of clusters in a loosely packed matrix, and in this regard, a new relationship is proposed linking the relative volume fractions of the loosely packed matrix and the part of nanoclusters immersed in it. For a composite with a matrix, a mixture of synthetic butadiene nitrile and hydrogenated butadiene nitrile rubber and the addition of a copper nanoparticle, it is shown that in a natural nanocomposite, which is the polymer under study in an amorphous state, the time dependences of the relative volume fractions of the regions of inter-component adhesion and the loosely packed matrix coincide quite well with each other. The application of the above relationship between the volume fractions of a loosely packed matrix and nanoclusters allows to reformulate the known equations of parallel and sequential micromechanical models, as well as the Kerner equation for a more complex micromechanical model used to describe the effect of strengthening the elastic modulus of nanocomposites

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Nirmala Shivram, Padmavat. "A systematic investigation on the influence of the chemical treatment of natural fibres using the Fuzzy TOPSIS Method." Sustainable Architecture and Building Materials 2, no. 1 (2023): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/sabm/2/1/1.

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Chemical treatment (hazardous waste) is the conversion of hazardous waste into non-toxic gases, to change or change the chemical characteristics of waste Treatment methods are used, for example in water By decreasing solubility. OracidityNeutralization or pH adjustment (neutralization or precipitation), oxidation and reduction, hydrolysis and Photosynthesis, chemical oxidation (ozonation, (electrolytic oxidation, hydrogen peroxide) and chemical removal (alkali metaldichlorine, alkali)chemical treatment processes Various (commonly used) including metallization/ soCommonly Activated Chemical Treatment Processes: Chemical Precipitation, neutralization absorption, disinfection (chlorine, ozone, UV light) and ion exchange. from plant kingdomCommon natural fibres obtained are Cotton, Flax, Jute, Bamboo, Sisal and Jute, Natural fibres. The main component Natural fibres. The main component Popular as angora and mohair We get fibres, plant fibres include seed hairs such as cotten; Flax andstem (or bast) fibres like jute, leaf fibres like sisal; and coconut-like husks fibres. Animal fibres also include secretions such as wool, hair, and silk. Research significance: In this paper, various chemical properties of in natural fibre-reinforced composites Use natural fibres Changes have been reviewed. Alkali, Silane, Acetylation, Benzoylation, Acrylation, malate coupling agents, isocyanates, Permanganate and other chemical treatments are discussed. to the fibre surface Chemical treatment of fibre between polymer matrixAimed at improving adhesion. Water absorption of composites decreases and their mechanical Properties are improved. Method: Fuzzy TOPSIS (Order by Similarities for Ideal Solution technique for prioritization) similar options. Further It also automates the process and selection Ambiguity, uncertainty in the process Can also be used to relieve Technology in general Used to solve decision problems. This is for all alternatives in the technique problem Based on inter-comparison. Alternative: Cotton, Jute, Flax, Hemp, Ramie and Sisal. Evaluation parameters: Density, Elongation, Tensile strength and Young’s modulus. Result: Chemical Treatments of Natural Fibre in Sisal is got the first rank whereas is the Hemp is having the Lowest rank.Conclusion: Chemical Treatments of Natural Fibre in Sisal is got the first rank whereas is the Hemp is having the Lowest rank.

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Dyshyn, Oleg, Ibrahim Habibov, Arzu Suleymanova, Sevinc Abasova, Rauf Malikov, and Tamila Khankishiyeva. "Identifying of the mechanism formation of a natural nanocomposite in polymer composite materials." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 6 (122) (2023): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.277587.

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The object of the study is the sealing elements of the packer. The fundamental principle of the cluster model is the assumption that the sum of the relative volume fractions of two structural elements of a natural nanocomposite (loosely packed matrix and nanoclusters) is equal to one – This approach is incorrect because it is violated when the nanoclusters are immersed in a loosely packed matrix. In this regard, a new relationship is proposed that relates the relative volume fractions of the loosely packed matrix and the part of nanoclusters immersed in it – Calculation formulas are obtained for the relative fractions of the loosely packed matrix and the interphase region. The paper shows that such an assumption is unfounded due to the indispensable immersion of clusters in a loosely packed matrix, and in this regard, a new relationship is proposed linking the relative volume fractions of the loosely packed matrix and the part of nanoclusters immersed in it. For a composite with a matrix, a mixture of synthetic butadiene nitrile and hydrogenated butadiene nitrile rubber and the addition of a copper nanoparticle, it is shown that in a natural nanocomposite, which is the polymer under study in an amorphous state, the time dependences of the relative volume fractions of the regions of inter-component adhesion and the loosely packed matrix coincide quite well with each other. The application of the above relationship between the volume fractions of a loosely packed matrix and nanoclusters allows to reformulate the known equations of parallel and sequential micromechanical models, as well as the Kerner equation for a more complex micromechanical model used to describe the effect of strengthening the elastic modulus of nanocomposites

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Illidge, Tim, Andrei Ivanov, Stephen A. Beers, et al. "Novel Mechanisms of Non-Apoptotic Cell Death Evoked by Type II Anti-CD20 (Tositumomab) and HLA-DR Monoclonal Antibodies." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.883.883.

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Abstract Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed to a range of cell surface antigens on malignant lymphoid cells are increasingly a key component of the treatment of a whole range of haematological malignancies and remain the focus of intense ongoing clinical investigation. The anti-CD20 mAb rituximab has over the last decade substantially increased clinical responses leading to a marked improvement in outcome for many patients with B cell malignancies. The pursuit of mAb to improve on the efficacy of rituximab is currently undergoing intensive research, with several new candidate mAb now undergoing clinical evaluation. These newer generation anti-CD20 mAb have largely focused on improvements in increasing the affinity of the Fc-FcgR interactions and the recruitment of immune effector cells as these are thought to underlie much of the mAb therapeutic effect. However the immune effector functions of mAb does not explain why certain mAb specificities are more potent than others in inducing tumour cell death. Previously, we have demonstrated that Type II anti-CD20 mAb (Tositumomab) were able to evoke direct cell death via a non-apoptotic mode of death that appeared to be linked with the induction of homotypic adhesion. In this study we have considerably extended these observations using both in vitro cell lines and primary CLL cells. Using time-lapse microscopy and the FRAP technique, we revealed that de novo F-actin synthesis within cell contact area is critical for both homotypic adhesion and cell death induced by both Type II anti-CD20 mAb (Tositumomab) and HLA DR Class II mAb (L243). We have demonstrated that the mode of cell death engaged is rapid, non-apoptotic and non-autophagic as detected by inability to inhibit this form of cell death with pan-caspase inhibitor QVD, overexpressed Bcl2 as well as with siRNA against key autophagy regulators Beclin 1 and ATG-12. Scanning and transmission electon microscopy studies revealed the cytoplasmic nature of cell death involving lysosomes which swell and then disperse their contents into the cytoplasm. The increase in the lysosomal compartment followed by lysosome membrane permeabilisation and subsequent cell death has also been confirmed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, using lysosome specific probe lysotracker. Furthermore, this cell death has been shown to be dependent on active V-type ATPase but not on chymotrypsinlike or trypsin-like serine proteases. Using time lapse microscopy, we show here for the first time that malignant B cells, undergoing homotypic adhesion, actively communicate via ~ 5 nm wide temporary inter-cytoplasmic bridges. The formation of these channels is accompanied by the exchange of plasma membrane components. Moreover, the extent of plasma membrane swapping correlates with the extent of cell death induced by both anti-CD20 and anti-HLA DR antibodies. This data provide new insights into the potential mechanisms underlying mAb-induced cell death and may guide the rational design of more effective mAb therapy in B cell malignancies.

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Wu, Yong, Jing Liang, Qichen Wang, and Matthew Libera. "Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Microgel-Modified Biomaterials Surfaces." MRS Proceedings 1622 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.399.

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ABSTRACTMicrogels are hydrogel particles with micron and sub-micron diameters. They have beendeveloped, studied, and exploited for a broad range of applications because of their uniquecombination of size, soft mechanical properties, and controllable network properties. We havebeen using microgels to modulate the properties of surfaces to differentially control theirinteractions with tissue cells and bacteria. The long-term goal is to create biomaterials thatpromote healing while simultaneously inhibiting infection. Because poly(ethylene glycol) [PEG]is used in a number of FDA-approved products and has well-known antifouling properties, wework primarily with PEG-based microgels. We render these anionic either by copolymerizationwith monomeric acids or by blending with polyacids. Both methods produce pH-dependentnegative charge. Surfaces, both planar 2-D surfaces as well as topographically complex 3-Dsurfaces, can be modified using a hierarchy of non-line-of-sight electrostatic depositionprocesses that create biomaterials surfaces whose cell adhesiveness is modulated by a submonolayerof microgels. Average inter-microgel spacings of 1-2 microns exploit naturaldifferences between staphylococcal bacteria and tissue cells, which open the opportunity todifferentially control surface interactions with them based on length-scale effects. Afterdeposition, the microgels can be loaded with a variety of small-molecule, cationic antimicrobials.The details of loading depend on the relative sizes of the antimicrobials and the microgelnetwork structure as well as on the amount and spatial distribution of electrostatic charge withinboth the microgel and on the antimicrobial. The exposed surface between microgels can befurther modified by the adsorption of adhesion-promoting proteins such as fibronectin viaelectrostatic interaction. This approach combines a rich interplay of microgel structure andchemistry as a key component in a simple and translatable approach to modulate the surfaceproperties of next-generation biomaterials.

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Oleg Dyshin, Oleg Dyshin, Ibrahim Habibov Ibrahim Habibov, and Arzu Suleymanova Arzu Suleymanova. "SYNERGETIC EFFECT OF STRENGTHENING POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES." ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials 13, no. 01 (2023): 04–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/etm13012023-04.

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According to the cluster model of glassy polymers, in the amorphous state they are natural nanocomposites of two components of a loosely packed matrix and nanoclusters immersed in it, respectively playing the role of a matrix and filler in a natural composite. In this interpretation of the polymer, an important role is played by the dimensional effect of nanoclusters, identical to the specified effect of a nanofiller in an artificial nanocomposite, namely, a decrease in the size of both nanoclusters and dispersed particles leads to a sharp increase in the degree of amplification (modulus of elasticity) of the nanocomposite. In this paper, using parallel and sequential microcomposite models, upper and lower fractal estimates for the elastic modulus of the matrix are obtained and the synergistic effect of strengthening the elastic modulus of the nanocomposite as a whole as a superposition of the amplification effects from inorganic filler and from nanoclusters playing the role of filler of the loosely packed matrix is quantified. The object of research in this work is a packer - a device designed to disconnect two zones of the borehole and isolate the internal space of the production column from the impact of the borehole environment. The tightness of the packages is achieved thanks to sealing elements (SE), for the manufacture of which a composite with the composition is used: a mixture of synthetic butadiene nitrile and hydrogenated butadiene nitrile rubber (BNC + HBNC), vulcanizer, stabilizer, technological additives and copper nanoparticles. For the class of polymers under consideration, a rule has been developed for choosing the most preferred model from the above two micromechanical models at a given temperature. Keywords: oilfield equipment, synergetic effect, cluster model, natural nanocomposite, interfacial region, inter-component adhesion, loosely packed matrix.

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Sooriakumaran, P., P. Macanas-Pirard, S. Fox, et al. "A blinded, randomized controlled trial of neo-adjuvant celecoxib in patients with early prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 4563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.4563.

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4563 Background: Celecoxib inhibits tumorigenesis in many in vitro and in vivo models by anti-angiogenesis, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of tumour cell proliferation and hypoxia. Methods: 45 cT1–2 prostate cancer patients were block randomized 2:1 to four weeks celecoxib 400mg b.d. or no drug prior to radical prostatectomy (RP). Tumour immunohistochemistry was performed for cell proliferation (Ki-67), angiogenesis (CD-31, VEGF, VEGF-R2), hypoxia (HIF-1), apoptosis (TUNEL), and COX-2. All scoring was performed blind by PS and a random 20% were validated blindly by an immunopathologist (SBF). In 19 patients (12 celecoxib-treated, 7 control), peri-operative peripheral zone biopsies were subjected to cDNA microarray analysis to identify differences in gene expression profiling (GEP) between the groups. Results: There was ‘substantial’ (kappa >0.6) or ‘almost perfect’ (kappa >0.8) inter-observer agreement in immunoscoring for all stains. Baseline scores were not significantly different between the celecoxib and control groups. In the celecoxib group, RP scores were significantly lower for Ki-67 (p = 0.036), and non-significantly lower for hypoxia (p = 0.15), KDR (p = 0.16), COX-2 (p = 0.19), microvessel density (p = 0.53), and VEGF (p = 0.83); tumour apoptosis was non-significantly higher (p = 0.26). MANOVA of the full model of stains showed that the difference between the two groups approached statistical significance (p = 0.058), and this was visualized with principal component analysis. GEP revealed that 76 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the celecoxib and control groups using uncorrected t-tests. In the celecoxib group, the tumour suppressor gene p73 and genes associated with protection against oxidative stress were significantly up-regulated; genes associated with cell adhesion were significantly down-regulated, consistent with a reduction in metastatic potential. Conclusions: Celecoxib appears to have marked anti-cancer effects on prostate tumours, most notably affecting cell cycle regulation, oxidative stress, and cell signalling. It may therefore be a promising agent in the management of prostate cancer and warrants further investigation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Elsadig, Mohamed, Mohammed Awais Hameed, Dimitris Grammatopoulos, Indranil Dasgupta, Paramjit Gill, and Matej Medvecky. "AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF SERUM PROTEOMICS COMPARING SUBJECTS WITH TREATMENT-RESISTANT HYPERTENSION TO CONTROLLED HYPERTENSION." Journal of Hypertension 42, Suppl 1 (2024): e265-e266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0001022224.15500.77.

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Objective: The mechanism of treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH) is not fully understood yet. However, studies suggest the involvement of vascular endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation as contributors to the pathogenesis. This study aims to identify any measurable differences in protein abundance between two groups of hypertensive adults, controlled hypertension (CH) and TRH, using proteomics analysis techniques. Design and method: The study samples were obtained from an existing observational cohort study involving CH and TRH groups; venous blood samples were previously stored at -80°C, and appropriate consenting and ethical approval was obtained. TRH was defined blood pressure (BP) of 140/90 mmHg or more, on 3 or more antihypertensive agents or controlled BP (less than140/90 mmHg) after taking 4 or more antihypertensive agents. The study was conducted in two phases: the discovery phase, where 60 samples of matched group's (CH, n=30, TRH n=30) Peripheral venous serum samples were initially depleted from the highly abundant proteins before undergoing trypsin digestion, this was followed by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis. The validation phase included 140 candidates (CH n=81, TRH n=59). Results were statistically analysed using an independent T-test, P valve <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Gen Ontology (GO) description is used for the functional description of the proteins. Results: Full results analysis is still undergoing by the time this abstract is being submitted, however, 12 different proteins were found to be significantly different in their expression between the two groups: Alpha 1B glycoprotein, Leucine-rich alpha 2 glycoproteins, Inter alpha trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3, Lumican, Complement component C9, Complement factor D, Contactin-1, Lysozyme C, Phospholipid transfer protein, and Vascular cell adhesion protein 1.Initial GO analysis suggests above proteins are involved in vascular integrity, endothelial function and inflammatory response. Conclusions: There are significant differences in the proteins expression between patients with TRH and CH. This may allow better understanding of TRH, and treatment strategies.

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Barreras Uruchurtu, Jesus Alberto, Nicolas Besnard, Clément Paul, Lauréline Marchal, Samuel Devisme, and Bernard Lestriez. "Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Dry Spray-Coated Graphite Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicle Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 5 (2024): 568. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-025568mtgabs.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as the main energy storage solution for consumer electronics and electric vehicles (EVs). Traditional LIB electrodes are prepared through a wet process, which involves coating solvent-based mixtures onto metallic current collectors. These mixtures, often referred to as slurries, typically contain at least one electrochemically active material, a conductive additive, a polymer binder, and a solvent for binder dissolution. For cathodes, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) is commonly used, while for anodes, a mix of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) dissolved in water is preferred.1 Recently, there has been a surge in interest in developing new manufacturing processes for electrodes that prioritize environmental sustainability and remain economically viable. One such approach involves fabricating electrodes without the use of solvents, directly depositing electrode materials onto current collectors, and eliminating the need for a drying step.2 In this work, our objective is to manufacture graphite negative electrodes using PVdF as a binder through an electrostatic dry-spraying coating process (see Fig. 1). In this process, a high voltage is applied to a previously dry-mixed electrode powder, which then gets electrically charged, forming a cloud of charged particles. The charged particles are then accelerated towards the grounded current collector, where they form a uniform and continuous coating layer, which is then hot pressed to thermally activate the binder and control the coating thickness and density. This way, both positive (LiCoO2,4 LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 3, LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2,3 LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2/LiMn2O4 4)and negative (Li4Ti5O12,5,6 graphite4)electrodes have been prepared, in most cases with PVdF binder. This change in the manufacturing process can affect the electrode characteristics such as homogeneity of binder distribution, porosity, adhesion, and cohesion between active material and carbon black (CB) conducting agent particles and the current collector, electrical properties, and therefore the battery performance7–10. The uniform mixing distribution of the binder and CB additive materials throughout the active material is crucial for manufacturing dry-processed LIB electrodes 11,12. Using the electrostatic spraying method, we were able to manufacture graphite/PVdF and graphite/PVdF/CB negative electrodes with high mass loadings, suitable for electric vehicle applications. Characterization of the electrodes include morphology assessment using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), as well as surface resistivity measurements. Mechanical properties were evaluated through peel strength tests to measure electrode-current collector adhesion force and nanoindentation tests for hardness, elastic modulus, and plasticity. Electrochemical evaluations were conducted focusing on rate capability to determine the delithiation capacity at various delithiation rates, as well as through long-term cycling measurements. Our research includes a series of studies focusing on various factors influencing dry spray-coated electrode fabrication and performance. Specifically, we examined PVdF distribution within the electrode structure, compared two different PVdF grades, analyzed the influence of different PVdF concentrations, studied the addition of CB to the mixture, and investigated the sequence of component addition during the dry mixing process. Additionally, we explored and optimized the conditions of electrostatic spraying and calendering, including potential, air flow and temperature settings employed. Through these studies, we aimed to better understand the complexities of dry electrode fabrication and improve battery technology. Our findings indicate that these fabrication techniques offer viable alternatives, yielding high-quality electrodes with short production time, good electrochemical and mechanical properties, comparable to those produced through conventional wet-slurry based methods. References: M. Armand et al., Journal of Power Sources, 479, 228708 (2020). B. Ludwig, Z. Zheng, W. Shou, Y. Wang, and H. Pan, Sci Rep, 6, 23150 (2016). E. Zhen et al., Journal of Power Sources, 515, 230644 (2021). M. Wang et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 170, 010541 (2023). D.-W. Park, N. A. Cañas, N. Wagner, and K. A. Friedrich, Journal of Power Sources, 306, 758–763 (2016). C. Lv et al., Journal of Power Sources, 556, 232487 (2023). D. Mohanty et al., Journal of Power Sources, 312, 70–79 (2016). A. Kraytsberg and Y. Ein-Eli, Adv. Energy Mater., 6, 1600655 (2016). W. B. Hawley and J. Li, Journal of Energy Storage, 25, 100862 (2019). G. Lenze et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 165, A314–A322 (2018). B. Ludwig et al., Adv Materials Inter, 4, 1700570 (2017). A. Yonaga et al., Journal of Power Sources, 581, 233466 (2023). Figure 1

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Choy, JUN-HO, Valeriy Sukharev, Armen Kteyan, Stephane Moreau, and Catherine Brunet-Manquat. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Advanced Methodology for Assessing Chip Package Interaction Induced Stress Effects on Chip Performance and Reliability." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 17 (2022): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0217846mtgabs.

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In IC industry, the use of multiple die stack packaging has emerged to meet the increasing demand in miniaturization and improved functionality of mobile devices. During chip operation, transistor power dissipation raises temperature unevenly across a die. The generated thermal hotspots negatively impact reliability and degrade performance. In mechanical aspects, dies become thinner, and bumps and pitch become smaller, which makes heat dissipation more difficult, and lead to increase in mechanical stress. Such stress may cause carrier mobility degradation for transistors and could lead to parametric circuit failure. In the back-end-of-line (BEoL) interconnects, the employed ultra-low k materials prone to damage interconnects when mechanical stress is present, due to its brittle nature and poor adhesion to the barrier materials. These stresses originated at the die packaging step due to thermal mismatch between die and package materials, which is termed as chip package interaction (CPI). We call mechanical CPI (mCPI) when such stress affects reliability of the whole chip, i.e., BEoL, RDL (redistribution layer), bump, or TSVs (through silicon vias). When such stress affects device performance, we call electrical CPI (eCPI). To analyze CPI effects on a feature scale, i.e., in transistor channel or in the individual metal line or ILD (inter layer dielectric) /IMD (inter metal dielectric) gap, an analysis tool must generate accurate feature-scale stress variation across a die. Finite element analysis (FEA) is widely used for analyzing CPI induced problems. However, the traditional FEA cannot effectively handle feature-scale geometries due to huge memory consumption, and instead, treats a die as a uniform material block. Therefore, this approach cannot describe stress distribution caused by local non-uniformity of metal line distribution and fail to provide the needed accuracy for feature-scale analysis. [1] Here, we present an advanced physics-based EDA tool that overcomes the above-mentioned problems by introducing the novel methodology of extracting effective anisotropic thermal-mechanical properties (EMP), as well as employing FEA-based multi-scale simulation procedure. Prior to running FEA, the tool extracts EMP that accurately represent non-uniformities at different scales within a simulation domain. Here, each metal layer in a die is considered a binary system that consists of metal inclusions embedded in an insulator matrix. By dividing the die area into bins, metal density dependent effective properties for each bin are calculated according to theory of anisotropic composite materials. Anisotropy of properties can be obtained by taking routing direction of metal lines into account [2, 3]. EMP can adjust to multi-scale by varying bin size as shown in Fig.1. Here, Young’s modulus is extracted globally with coarse grid, and on sub-modeling region with very fine grid, which shows the corresponding property variation with much finer scale. Since EMP constructs no actual geometrical objects, the methodology can efficiently handle feature-scale objects on a large layout region. When a user selects a circuit block, or a region to be analyzed in detail, the automated tool flow enables two step stress simulation procedure, which is schematically shown in Fig. 2. First, the global-scale stress simulation is performed with coarse both the simulation mesh and EMP bin and extracts the boundary displacements for the circuit block. These boundary displacements are employed in the sub-modeling, with employed fine mesh and EMP bin. Figure 3 demonstrates the importance of EMP for accurate resolution of stress field. The 2D color maps show the x-component of stress distributions in a circuit block as a result of sub-modeling. Here, die BEoL is represented by EMP in (a), while in (b), the entire die including BEoL is represented by silicon, which is employed in traditional FEA. The stress pattern due to interconnect layout details are visible only when EMP is employed. The difference is even more pronounced when 1D stress profile is compared. By back annotating the obtained stress components in a SPICE netlist, the tool enables a user to perform accurate circuit simulation with accounted CPI effects. In eCPI analysis, the tool has been validated by employing measurements of different types of devices [4]. The additional tool capabilities that will be presented are mCPI analysis and thermomechanical stress analysis during chip operating conditions. [1] R. Radojcic, More-than-Moore 2.5D and 3D SiP Integration, Springer, 2017. [2] V. Sukharev et al. J. Electron Test, vol. 28, pp. 63-72, 2012 [3] V. Sukharev et al., Proc. Int. 3D Systems Integration Conference, 2019 [4]. A. Kteyan, et al. Proc. ISPD 2022 Figure 1

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Djordjevic, Vidosava, Tatjana Cvetkovic, Ivana Stojanovic, et al. "Inter-dependence between cytokines and NO/NOS system in resting and activated endothelial cells." Jugoslovenska medicinska biohemija 23, no. 3 (2004): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmh0403241d.

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Cytokines are a heterogeneous and multifunctional group of molecules synthetized in various human cells. Structurally they are peptides (often glycosylated) used by cells for intercellular communication and control the inner environment of the cells in which they operate. Cytokines are produced by the cells involved in the immune response, inflammation, hemopoiesis, healing and systemic response to injury. Immunity, inflammatory reactions and haemostasis involve close interactions between immunocompetent cells and vascular endothelium. Vascular cells are both a target for cytokines and their source. The spectrum of endothelial cell responses challenged by cytokines is wide and varied, with different cytokines activating distinct, but overlapping, sets of functions. Under normal resting conditions endothelial cells constitutively express certain protective genes with the purpose to maintain the endothelial cells in their quiescent phenotype by inhibiting NF-kB activation and exerting antiapoptotic functions. In this status endothelial cells can exhibit their barrier and anticoagulant functions even in the presence of low levels of stimulants. When the endothelial cells are exposed to numerous stimuli such as TNF, IL-1, endotoxin or xenoreactive antibodies and complement, which are usually associated with infections, graft rejection or autoimmune diseases such as, vasculitis, NF-kB induces the expression of adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, chemokines such as IL-8 and procoagulant molecules such as TF. Besides the induction of expression of a functional programme related to thrombosis and inflammation, IL-1 and TNF also induce production of autocoids including nitric oxide (NO). Both the inducible form of NO synthase (iNOS) type II and the constitutive (type III) isoform of NOS are present in endothelial cells catalyzing the conversion of arginine into citruline and NO. The formation of NO is an ubiquitous biochemical pathway involved in the regulation of neurotransmission, vasodilatation, immunity and cytotoxicity. During inflammatory reaction NO produced by endothelial cells exerts its autocrine function through the inhibition of cytokine-induced expression of adhesion molecules and cytokine production by endothelial cells. Also, it has a protective role in inflammation through the inactivation of NADPH oxidase and the consequent impairment of superoxide production for cell mediated injury. On the other hand, there is considerable evidence that NO contributes to tissue destruction in inflammatory and immune diseases being a key component of the cytostatic/cytotoxic function of the immune system. The damage to target cells by NO released from activated macrophages or endothelial cells may involve both necrotic and apoptotic pathways of cell death.

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Bassi, Stefano, Matteo Scafe, Enrico Leoni, Claudio Mingazzini, Narayan Jatinder Bhatia, and Andrea Rossi. "Development of recyclable Fibre Metal Laminates (FML), their mechanical characterization and FE modelling, aiming at structural application in aeronautics." MATEC Web of Conferences 349 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134901010.

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This study concerns with the optimisation of a fibre-reinforced composite material ply book and application to an aeronautical component. The presented material solution is a recyclable FML (Fibre Metal Laminate). Recyclable and structural PMCs (Polymeric Matrix Composites) developed up-to now in ENEA had to be improved to satisfy the high-demanding fire characteristics requirements in aeronautics, particularly for the case considered in ongoing project FireMat (www.firemat.it), namely a turbine-bonnet production. FireMat project objective is the combination of weight reduction and fire resistance, maximizing the use C2C recyclable, secondary and biomass derived raw materials. Aluminium layers were introduced inside the lamination, to act as oxygen barriers and improve fire-retardancy. FML were obtained starting from a fire-retardant biobased resin, which was associated with aeronautical grade basalt-derived mineral fabric, processed in the form of a prepreg and then coupled with aluminium foils. FE modelling was based on performed mechanical characterization of the single layers and inter- layer adhesive strength of the ply stack: a composite sandwich structure (including aluminium honeycomb) was optimised.

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Schmolke, Tobias, Christian Brunner-Schwer, Max Biegler, Michael Rethmeier, and Gerson Meschut. "On Welding of High-Strength Steels Using Laser Beam Welding and Resistance Spot Weld Bonding with Emphasis on Seam Leak Tightness." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7, no. 3 (2023): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7030116.

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The design of most electric vehicles provides for the positioning of the heavy energy storage units in the underbody of the cars. In addition to crash safety, the battery housing has to meet high requirements for gas tightness. In order to test the use of high-strength steels for this sub-assembly, this paper examines welded joints utilizing resistance spot weld bonding and laser remote welding, with special regard to the gas tightness of the welds. For this purpose, the pressure difference test and helium sniffer leak detection are presented and applied. The combination of both leak test methods has proven ideal in experimental investigations. For laser remote welding, gas-tight seams can be achieved with an inter-sheet gap of 0.1 mm, even if occasionally leaking samples cannot be prevented. Resistance spot welding suits gas-tight joining with both one- and two-component adhesives. Against the background of leak tightness, process fluctuations that lead to weld spatter and defects in the adhesive layer must be prevented with high priority.

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Michalak, Jacek. "Ceramic Tile Adhesives from the Producer’s Perspective: A Literature Review." Ceramics 4, no. 3 (2021): 378–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics4030027.

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Ceramic tiles and ceramic tile adhesives (CTA) are two impressive materials that have changed construction history. Ceramic tiles could not provide their beauty and durability for buildings when used as a covering both for the inside and exterior finishing without CTA. Nowadays, they are complex multi-component systems. Among the various CTAs, cementitious products are the most commonly used. This article presents an extensive review of the literature, showing how they are perceived in the scientific literature today. In this paper, an attempt is made to review individual adhesives’ ingredients’ effects on their properties, with particular reference to redispersible polymer powders and methylcellulose ethers. The article presents the basics of the CTAs, assessing and verifying the constancy of their performance in force in European Union countries. Furthermore, it gives a critical review of CTA’s normalized measurement methodologies. The study also draws attention to the need to consider measurement uncertainty in decision-making and conformity assessment, supported by an analysis of the results of multi-annual inter-laboratory studies and market surveillance tests. Future research suggestions are also made based on the review, mainly from the adhesive manufacturer’s perspective.

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Poluyanskaya, V. V., T. V. Sydorenko, O. V. Durov, and N. V. Konih-Ettel. "Study of wetting of SnO2—In2O3-ceramics with copper-silver melts." Uspihi materialoznavstva 2024, no. 8-9 (2024): 90–96. https://doi.org/10.15407/materials2024.08-09.009.

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To improve the wetting of oxide ceramic with metals in addition to traditional dopands (Ti, Zr, Nb, etc.), which have a high chemical affinity to solid phase atoms, alternative active additions can also be used. In particular, it relates to non-metallic electronegative elements VIa—VIIa groups of the periodic system (O, S, Se, F, Cl, Br), which have a high affinity to electron. Such additives are able to reduce free surface energy at the liquid/gas and liquid/solid interfaces and in such a way improve the wetting. The SnO2—In2O3 system is the most optimal material for the layers of the so-called TCO (Transparent Conductive Oxide). Since the cost of metal indium and its compounds continues to grow and new technologies are actively developing, there is a need to find alternative TCO that would have less In2O3 content. That is why systems containing SnO2, doped by relatively small amounts of In2O3 were explored. Ag—Cu based fillers is often used to joint oxide materials. In this case, there is a significant effect of the additives of the third component on the activity of oxygen in liquid metal, which causes an increase in oxygen content directly in the melt. Specially synthesized high-dense ceramics based on SnO2, which was received by adding 5, 10, 20 or 40% (mass.) of In2O3 with subsequent sintering, were used for wetting experiments. The experimental data indicate that in vacuum and air copper, added to the silver melt, significantly improves wetting on all types of the studied ceramic substrates, as well as the wetting is improved with increasing of the In2O3 content in the substrate. A dense transition layer of about 10 μm, which contains a large amount of copper, is formed on the interfacial border. A similar phenomenon was observed at the inter-phase boundary of other oxide materials. The improvement of wetting is explained by an increase in the solubility of oxygen in the melt, which acts as an adhesive-active element, with the addition of copper and increased electronegativity of the substrate with increasing content of In2O3. Keywords: tin dioxide, indium oxide, semiconductor, wetting, contact interaction, metal melt.

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18

Bailey, Chris, Alexandra Stratton, Neil Manson, et al. "Canadian Spine Society01.1.1: Surgery versus standardized nonoperative care for the treatment of lumbar disc herniations: a Canadian trial02.1.1: Wait times for elective spine surgery across Canada: data from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network03.1.1: Presurgical physician utilization in elective thoracolumbar spine surgery candidates: a nationwide analysis from the CSORN database04.1.2: Activities performed and treatments conducted prior to consultation with a spine surgeon: Are patients and clinicians following evidence-based clinical practice guidelines?05.1.2: Patient-reported disability versus objective physical performance measures in assessing patient recovery06.1.2: Risk factors for work status in low back pain patients: a cross-sectional analysis of patients presenting to the Ontario Inter-professional Spine Assessment and Education Clinics07.1.3: Comparison of symptomatic, functional and demographic characteristics of postsurgical versus nonoperative LBP patients08.1.3: Are primary care patients with different patterns of low back pain epidemiologically distinct?09.1.3: Lack of prognostic model validation in low back pain prediction studies10.1.4: Larger scoliosis curve magnitude is associated with increased surgical and perioperative complications: a multi-centre analysis of 1173 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves11.1.4: Superior extension of upper instrumented level in distraction-based surgery: a surrogate for clinically significant PJK12.1.4: The optimal surgical approach for Lenke 5 curves: Is the anterior approach ready for a comeback?13.1.5: Improving quality and safety in pediatric spine surgery: the team approach14.1.5: Posterior vertebral column resection in pediatric deformity: the advantages of staging15.1.5: Minimally invasive surgery in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: lessons learned at mean 2-year follow-up16.2.1: Development of a Canadian competency-based spine surgery fellowship education curriculum17.2.1: Computer-assisted surgery is an effective educational tool for the training of orthopedic surgery residents in pedicle screw placement18.2.1: Validation of the Calgary Spine Severity Score19.2.2: Can triaging referrals with a simple 3-item pain questionnaire reduce wait times for consultations for patients who would benefit from lumbar spinal surgery?20.2.2: Strategies to improve the credibility of meta-analyses in spine surgery: a systematic survey21.2.2: The societal cost of waiting to see a spine surgeon for lower back symptoms in Canada22.2.3: The cost of an adverse event depends on its definition and method of capture23.2.3: Economic evaluation of intraoperative cone beam CT-based navigation for the placement of spinal pedicle screws: a patient-level cost-effectiveness analysis24.2.3: Predictors of inappropriate emergency department utilization following elective thoracolumbar spine surgery25.2.4: Incidence, impact and risk factors of adverse events in thoracic and lumbar spine fractures. An ambispective cohort analysis of 390 patients26.2.4: Factors associated with adverse events in major elective spine, knee, and hip in-patient orthopedic surgery27.2.4: Prognostic factors for survival in surgical series of symptomatic metastatic epidural spinal cord compression: a prospective North American multicentre study in 142 patients28.2.5: A comparison of 2 prospective adverse event recording tools with institutional ICD-10 coding for detecting perioperative adverse events in patients undergoing spinal surgery29.2.5: Assessment of impact of long-cassette standing radiographs on surgical planning for lumbar pathology: an international survey of spine surgeons30.2.5: Long-term patient-reported outcome and surgical survivorship of MIS fusion for low-grade spondylolisthesis31.3.1: The effect of prolonged postoperative antibiotic administration on the rate of infection in patients undergoing posterior spine surgery requiring a Hemovac drain32.3.1: Preliminary results of a Phase 1 trial on the use of photodynamic therapy in vertebral metastases33.3.1: The minimal clinically important difference of the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy undergoing surgical intervention34.3.1: Patient and surgeon radiation exposure during spinal instrumentation using intraoperative CT-based navigation35.3.2: Are postoperative pelvic parameters and sagittal balance predictive of further lumbar surgery in patients with spinal stenosis?36.3.2: Postoperative ambulation in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, total knee arthroplasty and elective lumbar spine surgery to treat arthritic pathologies37.3.2 Pain on the brain: Is the SF-36 mental component summary enough?38.3.2: Accurate and safe cervical osteotomy for kyphotic deformity in ankylosing spondylitis39.3.3: Adjacent segment pathology in the lumbar spine: progressive disease or a consequence of iatrogenic fusion?40.3.3: The association of cervical spine alignment with neurological recovery in a prospective cohort of surgical myelopathy patients: analysis of a series of 124 cases41.3.3: Use of neuropathic pain questionnaires in predicting the development of failed back surgery syndrome following lumbar discectomy for radiculopathy42.3.3: Quality of life and neurological outcomes after surgical decompression in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: prospective, multicentre AOSpine International study of 479 patients43.3.4: Minimally invasive decompression in focal lumbar spinal stenosis with or without stable spondylolisthesis — comparative outcomes and reoperation rates at a minimum of 2 years44.3.4: Impact of nonoperative care utilization on postthoracolumbar spine surgery outcomes: a national perspective using the CSORN registry45.3.4: Presurgical imaging, testing and injection utilization in elective thoracolumbar spine surgery candidates: a nationwide analysis from the CSORN database46.3.5: A clinical prediction rule for clinical outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy: analysis of an international AOSpine prospective multi-centre dataset of 743 patients47.3.5: A comparison of health-related quality of life outcomes in spinal cord injury patients residing in rural and urban areas48.3.5: Minimally invasive versus open discectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis49.1.1: Validity of transcranial motor evoked potentials as early indicators of neural compromise in rat model of spinal cord compression50.1.2: Validation of true spine length radiographic measurements51.1.3: Closure of the intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus using a novel suture application device — in vivo porcine and ex vivo biomechanical evaluation52.1.4: Vertebroplasty versus kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture model: What is safer?53.1.5: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes intraneural macrophage migration and allodynia in experimental disc-herniation neuropathy54.1.6: Development and evaluation of an open-source 3D virtual simulator with integrated motion-tracking as a teaching tool for pedicle screw insertion55.2.7: Preoperative “amber flag” psychological measure scores and patient expectations: a nationwide analysis from the CSORN database56.2.8: Assessment of frailty in elderly spinal surgery patients57.2.9: Predicting adverse events and their impact on hospital length of stay in a prospective Spine AdVerse Events Severity (SAVES) database58.2.10: Clinical and surgical predictors of perioperative complications in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: results from the multicentre, prospective AOSpine International study on 479 patients59.2.11: Longitudinal analysis of the incidence of adverse events in tertiary spine referral centres: a national perspective from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network (CSORN) registry60.2.12: The use of validated clinical outcome measures in spinal surgery: an analysis of recent annual meeting abstracts61.1.13: The efficacy and accuracy of cone beam CT (O-Arm) navigation (StealthStation) on screw position in primary cases of adult major deformity surgery62.1.14: Does early surgical decompression improve neurological recovery of complete spinal cord injury? A prospective cohort study63.1.15: The role of MRI in predicting surgical outcome in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy64.1.16: Postsurgical patients can have similar functional improvements and return to work rates following rehabilitation as those treated nonsurgically65.1.17: Intraoperative cone beam CT (O-Arm) and stereotactic navigation (StealthStation) system in complex adult spine surgery — early experience and learning curve66.1.18: A pilot randomized controlled trial of iodine-impregnated plastic adhesive drape usage in spine surgery and the effect on wound bacterial load67.2.19: Dynesys long-term outcome study68.2.20: Maverick total disc replacement in a real-world patient population: a prospective, multicentre observational study69.2.21: Pedicle screw malposition in revision spinal surgery: efficacy of intraoperative CT-based navigation70.2.22: Intraoperative skull-femoral traction in posterior spinal arthrodesis for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: the impact on perioperative outcomes and health resource utilization71.2.23: The effect of growth-friendly surgery on coronal and sagittal plane spine growth in idiopathic scoliosis72.2.24: A qualitative web-based expert opinion analysis on the adoption of intraoperative CT and navigation systems in spine surgery." Canadian Journal of Surgery 58, no. 3 Suppl 1 (2015): S43—S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cjs.005515.

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19

Grupp, Benjamin, and Thomas Gronemeyer. "A biochemical view on the septins, a less known component of the cytoskeleton." Biological Chemistry, November 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2022-0263.

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Abstract The septins are a conserved family of guanine nucleotide binding proteins, often named the fourth component of the cytoskeleton. They self-assemble into non-polar filaments and further into higher ordered structures. Properly assembled septin structures are required for a wide range of indispensable intracellular processes such as cytokinesis, vesicular transport, polarity establishment and cellular adhesion. Septins belong structurally to the P-Loop NTPases. However, unlike the small GTPases like Ras, septins do not mediate signals to effectors through GTP binding and hydrolysis. The role of nucleotide binding and subsequent GTP hydrolysis by the septins is rather controversially debated. We compile here the structural features from the existing septin crystal- and cryo-EM structures regarding protofilament formation, inter-subunit interface architecture and nucleotide binding and hydrolysis. These findings are supplemented with a summary of available biochemical studies providing information regarding nucleotide binding and hydrolysis of fungal and mammalian septins.

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Ghisleni, Andrea, Camilla Galli, Pascale Monzo, et al. "Complementary mesoscale dynamics of spectrin and acto-myosin shape membrane territories during mechanoresponse." Nature Communications 11, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18825-7.

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Abstract The spectrin-based membrane skeleton is a major component of the cell cortex. While expressed by all metazoans, its dynamic interactions with the other cortex components, including the plasma membrane or the acto-myosin cytoskeleton, are poorly understood. Here, we investigate how spectrin re-organizes spatially and dynamically under the membrane during changes in cell mechanics. We find spectrin and acto-myosin to be spatially distinct but cooperating during mechanical challenges, such as cell adhesion and contraction, or compression, stretch and osmolarity fluctuations, creating a cohesive cortex supporting the plasma membrane. Actin territories control protrusions and contractile structures while spectrin territories concentrate in retractile zones and low-actin density/inter-contractile regions, acting as a fence that organize membrane trafficking events. We unveil here the existence of a dynamic interplay between acto-myosin and spectrin necessary to support a mesoscale organization of the lipid bilayer into spatially-confined cortical territories during cell mechanoresponse.

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Georgiadi, Anastasia, Valeria Lopez-Salazar, Rabih El Merahbi, et al. "Orphan GPR116 mediates the insulin sensitizing effects of the hepatokine FNDC4 in adipose tissue." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22579-1.

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AbstractThe proper functional interaction between different tissues represents a key component in systemic metabolic control. Indeed, disruption of endocrine inter-tissue communication is a hallmark of severe metabolic dysfunction in obesity and diabetes. Here, we show that the FNDC4-GPR116, liver-white adipose tissue endocrine axis controls glucose homeostasis. We found that the liver primarily controlled the circulating levels of soluble FNDC4 (sFNDC4) and lowering of the hepatokine FNDC4 led to prediabetes in mice. Further, we identified the orphan adhesion GPCR GPR116 as a receptor of sFNDC4 in the white adipose tissue. Upon direct and high affinity binding of sFNDC4 to GPR116, sFNDC4 promoted insulin signaling and insulin-mediated glucose uptake in white adipocytes. Indeed, supplementation with FcsFNDC4 in prediabetic mice improved glucose tolerance and inflammatory markers in a white-adipocyte selective and GPR116-dependent manner. Of note, the sFNDC4-GPR116, liver-adipose tissue axis was dampened in (pre) diabetic human patients. Thus our findings will now allow for harnessing this endocrine circuit for alternative therapeutic strategies in obesity-related pre-diabetes.

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Lin, Yu, Sijun Wang, Jing Huang, et al. "Coupling of Mechanical, Self‐Healing, Adhesion, and High‐Ion Conducting Properties in Anti‐Freezing Hydrogel Electrolytes of Zinc Ion Batteries via Fe³⁺‐Carboxylate Coordination." Advanced Functional Materials, April 14, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202504726.

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AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) based on hydrogel electrolytes are considered promising flexible power supplies owing to their intrinsic safety, competent volumetric energy density, and eco‐friendliness. However, severe mechanical deterioration of the hydrogel electrolytes caused by insufficient inter‐component contact, zinc (Zn) dendrites, and freezing prevents their commercialization. Herein, it is found that, by doping a trace of Fe3+ ions to afford Fe3+‐carboxylate supramolecular interaction, the practicality of an archetypal cellulose nanofiber‐reinforced hydrogel electrolyte is significantly improved in a couple of aspects, including three and eight times increase in tensile strength and toughness without loss of ion conducting ability (up to 32 mS cm−1) and being room‐temperature self‐healable and strongly adhesive to various battery components. Together with the use of an anti‐freezing mixed Zn salt, the resulting hydrogel electrolyte is able to deliver ultrahigh Zn cycling reversibility (averaging 99.4%), the great cyclability of AZIBs (a high specific capacity of 180 mAh g−1 and capacity retention of 81%), and render the batteries operable under severe abuse conditions of 180° folding, exposure to liquid nitrogen, and cutting–rehealing cycles. This work unlocks the enormous potential of Fe3+‐carboxylate chemistry in the development of self‐healable, anti‐freezing, and extreme‐environment‐adaptable gel electrolytes for flexible energy storage devices.

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Lyu, Wenjing, Tizian Bauer, Bernhard Gatternig, Antonio Delgado, and Thomas Erling Schellin. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Beer Foam." Physics of Fluids, December 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0132657.

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The frothy foam on top of beer is produced by bubbles of gas, predominantly carbon dioxide, rising to the surface. The chemical components that produce the head are wort protein, yeast, and hop residue. This involves a large number of chemical components and numerous physical interactions. The beer foam and, especially, its stability is an essential quality characteristic of a beer. A consumer defines a beer's head by its stability, quantity, lacing (glass adhesion or cling), whiteness, creaminess, and strength. To achieve an accurate prediction of beer foam formation and collapse is challenging because complex numerical models are required to account for these nonlinear beer foam effects. To analyze a new design of a beer bottom-to-top pouring system for the start-up company Einstein 1, we first set up the experimental tests of this pouring system. Afterwards we performed the associated repeatability studies to achieve stable working conditions. To study beer foam formation and its collapse, we employed a multiphase Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver that considered two inter-penetrating continua, which allowed accounting for multi-component phases and mass and heat transfer between these phases. We numerically and experimentally investigated beer foam patterns, beer heights, beer/foam ratio, foam height, foam stability as well as foam volume fractions. We performed grid sensitivity studies and validated the numerical solver by comparing results against model test measurements.

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Jayant, Sreeja, Gourishankar Aland, Rakesh S. Ramesh, et al. "PD-L1 expression on circulating tumor cells and CTC clusters as a minimal cellular disease in breast cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 43, no. 16_suppl (2025). https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.e15036.

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e15036 Background: Tumor-transitioned components, for example, dual biomarkers like ctDNA and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offer true comprehensive precision insights into tumor microenvironment in real-time. Importantly, minimal cellular residual disease (MCRD), dynamic cell surface protein over-expressions, residual burden measure post-resection with curative intent, adjunct therapy decisions, therapy de-escalations, etc. Like the PD-L1 % CPS score on tissues, the PD-L1 expression measure on CTCs is a higher prospect accounting for epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT), leading to the deactivation of T Cells that may deactivate immune T cells further imparting micro-metastasis cascade is extremely challenging. We report the expression of PD-L1 as a dynamic biomarker on circulating tumor cells across early to late-stage breast cancer patients. Methods: In retrospective analysis, 1294 breast cancer patient’s peripheral blood was analyzed for the presence of CTCs with and without the expression of PD-L1 and CTC clusters. CTCs were enumerated using the OncoDiscover platform approved by CDSCO-India in 1.5 ml peripheral blood, consisting of multi-component magneto-nanosystem mediated by anti-epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody. CTCs were positive with EpCAM +ve, CK18 +ve, DAPI +ve, and CD45-ve. Additionally, PD-L1 expression on the CTCs was measured based on the linear intensity gradients of the fluorescence signals using image acquisition on an automated Zeiss microscope. Further, we developed a computational model to account for CTC mean distribution, regression analysis, and predictability of CTC numbers. Results: The CTC distribution ranged from 1-20 CTCs, per 1.5 ml of patients’ blood. At baseline sample analysis, 73.20% (n = 978) of the patients showed ≥1CTCs. Whereas, 87.69% (n = 406 out of 463) of patients with CTCs showed the expression of PD-L1. Noteworthy, the highest number of CTC was observed at ~21.61% (n = 1125) in the age group 41-50, while the highest number of CTC clusters and CTC with PD-L1 was observed at ~29.08% (n = 41) and ~42.91% (n = 324) in the age group 51-60. Interestingly, 2.71% (n = 141) of total patients showed the presence of CTC clusters. The mean CTC (including clusters) and CTC with PD-L1 are 3.90 and 3.40, respectively. Further, the computational model showed a co-relation of blood-based outcome versus normal probability scores. Conclusions: The notable inter-patient heterogeneity suggests a potential biological, pharmacodynamic, role for both CTC with PD-L1 expression. The larger clinical studies are desired to evaluate PD-L1 expression of CTCs in early-stage cancers. Thus patients possessing MCRD despite the absence of radiographical evidence for stratifying them with a higher risk of metastasis progression.

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Chokboribal, Jaroenporn, Aksarapaksorn Vipavin, Aiyada Sirinjullapong, Voravadee Suchaiya, and Narongrit Lahpun. "XANTHAN GUM/CARRAGEENAN-BASED HYDROGEL PADS WITH OKRA FRUIT MUCILAGE POWDER FOR COSMECEUTICAL AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2023-02-e01536.

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The main component of mucilage found in the fruit of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is okra gum consisting of pectic polysaccharides reported to exhibit, inter alia, antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics. It was used in the pharmaceutical industry, e.g. as a stabilizer or a modifier drug release. In this work, various formulations of xanthan gum (XG)/κ-carrageenan (CN)-based hydrogel with okra mucilage (OM) powder were examined to achieve the goal of developing OM-hydrogel pads that make good use of the advantages of OM polysaccharides relevant to drug delivery and/or stability. A straightforward cosmeceutical application of the OM-hydrogels is as under-eye masks since the OM itself is reported to contain diffusible small compounds with proven skincare benefits. OM from blended fresh okra pods without seeds was precipitated with ethanol. Preliminary studies showed that hydrogel pads prepared with XG, CN, glycerol, and NaCl at 0.5, 0.5, 13, and 4 wt%, respectively, possess a suitable hardness while exhibit the highest adhesive strength among other formulations tested. When OM powder was added at 0.02, 0.05, 0.06, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 wt%, the OM-hydrogels’ hardnesses substantially drop. Increases in hardnesses and adhesive strengths with increasing amounts of OM powder were observed. The upward trend of adhesive strengths continues only up to 0.2 wt% where the adhesive strength begins to drop. In OM-hydrogels containing 0.2 wt% OM powder, normalized rates of moisture loss are the lowest while water contents and water holding capacities are the highest.

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Nookala, Havisha, and Ravindra Kumar Jain. "Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength, Adhesive Remnant Index and Cytotoxicity of Different Orthodontic Adhesives: An In-vitro Study." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2024/72999.20179.

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Introduction: Orthodontic adhesives should possess adequate bond strength and biocompatibility. Inadequate bond strength may lead to bond failures, and if the adhesive is not biocompatible, it may result in allergic reactions. Therefore, it is of prime importance to study the cytotoxicity and Shear Bond Strength (SBS) of commercially available orthodontic materials. Aim: This study aimed to comparatively evaluate in-vitro cytotoxicity, the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI), and SBS of various orthodontic adhesives. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study was conducted in an institutional setting as a collaborative effort between the Department of Orthodontics and White Lab-Blue Lab at Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India, from July 2023 to August 2023. Forty extracted human premolar teeth were bonded with four different ARI adhesives (U Bond, Enlight, Transbond XT, Aqualine LC) (n=10/group) and mounted on acrylic blocks. They were evaluated for SBS using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM), ARI using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and cytotoxicity using the MTT {3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide} assay on Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells (HGFC). Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA, with a post-hoc test for pairwise comparison to evaluate the SBS values, and the Kruskal-Wallis Test to analyse ARI inter group scores and cytotoxicity levels. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (Version 23.0) was used to conduct the statistical tests. Results: Significant differences in SBS values (p=<0.001) and ARI scores (p=<0.001) were noted between the different adhesives. No significant difference (p-value=0.534) in cytotoxicity was observed among all adhesives, with all exhibiting acceptable levels of biocompatibility. Conclusion: Primer-based adhesive (Transbond XT) demonstrated the highest SBS and ARI scores among the various orthodontic adhesives, with acceptable levels of biocompatibility. No significant difference was found between the conventional primer-based adhesive (Transbond XT) and the Single Component Adhesive (SCA) (Aqualine LC). Therefore, this study advocates for the use of SCA in routine clinical practice.

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Hancox, Donna Maree, and Jaz Hee-jeong Choi. "Challenging Cohesion." M/C Journal 13, no. 1 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.233.

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Cohesion as a term connotes attraction, unity, and commonness amongst discrete entities. Considering cohesion as a concept is timely with the recent rise of network culture, which comes with both subtle and radical changes in how people connect with, position themselves in relation to, and understand other constituents of society (cf. Varnelis; Castells; Jenkins et al.). Such dis- and inter-connections signify an imminent and immanent epistemological challenge we must confront: how can we understand inherently multi-faceted subjects, components of which are in constant transformation? For researchers, disciplinary complexity is one of the main implications of this situation. While disciplinary integration may be an effective or vital component in pursuit of knowledge (cf. Nicolescu) it may also impart significant conceptual and pragmatic conflicts. What are possible ways to coalesce multiple dimensions of reality that can lead to conceptually cohesive and useful knowledge production? This issue of M/C Journal attempts to answer this question by looking at different perspectives on the notion of cohesion across topical and disciplinary boundaries. Our premise for exploring ‘cohesion’ in this issue is two-fold: first, there is a need to understand the conceptual and experiential significance of social cohesion in the increasingly urbanised and networked contemporary world. In the 1997 OECD report, Societal Cohesion and the Globalising Economy, Michalski, Miller, and Stevens attribute ‘strains of the fabric of OECD societies’ to global economic and political changes, as well as the rapid technological progress. The World Bank places social cohesion as a metonym for social capital; they argue that social cohesion is ‘critical for societies to prosper economically and develop sustainably,’ and that it is ‘the glue’ that holds constituents of the society together. While it is true that the need to build bonds between human beings, and to bring together otherwise disparate experiences and aspirations is evermore crucial to a sustainable future for the world, we doubt that the current pervasive view of cohesion as a measurable parameter for ideal harmony and unity. Rather, in this uncertainty we see opportunities for re-examining the existing definitions of cohesion and further shaping different versions of social/community strengthening. If social cohesion is inherent in the relationships between and amongst entities, ideologies or experiences disagreement and difference or transition are as important or integral as shared ideas. Anheier, Gerhards and Romo have re-imagined Bourdieu’s view of positions individuals inhabit within social spaces as a ‘network, or a configuration, of objective relations among positions.’ From this view the merging of individuals or groups into a cohesive whole becomes less important than the coming together, sometimes only briefly, of ideas into a dynamic and complicated matrix – in other words, the shaping of togetherness through temporary adhesive connections amongst individuals managing various such adhesive networks. We are not necessarily questioning the obvious advantages of a unified society. Rather, we are suggesting a need to enquire into new ways of approaching cohesion, and subsequent implications in viewing, governing, and living in society today, and tomorrow. The second reason for considering cohesion is the development of network technologies, which are embedded in everyday life. Network technologies engender and accentuate multiplicities: multifaceted self-identity, multitasking, and multisensorial experience via interactive media, for example. As we transition from the current network era towards that of ubiquitous computing (ubicomp), our social and technological systems and practices become modular-like (Choi, Foth and Hearn), resonating with what Stone calls ‘continuous partial attention.’ Practice of multi-media communication – for example, concurrently watching television while chatting on Skype on the computer and texting on the mobile phone; another example is Habuchi’s notion of ‘telecocoon’ in which a multitude of constant and partial connections with small, insular social relations are maintained through always-on network technologies. The spatio-temporal zone that is made available, created, and extended by network technologies for expression of the self and communication with others is an inherently in-between space bridging what can be generally considered dichotomous. In this environment, it is cohesion that validates a networked entity by giving it a unified form and/or voice amongst its distributed constituents. The scale of such cohesive process varies from small (individual) to large (collective); examples include individual and community, respectively. As Castells (7) notes, while technology is not entirely responsible for social change, it embodies the capacity for change. Cohesion then, is perhaps best understood as inherently transformative. Thus examining cohesion as a phenomenon should not be focused on the ‘connections’ amongst individual entities but should concern what triggers, sustains, and suspends adhesive interactions, and how such processes relates to overall cohesion within the concerned subject. This notion resonates with the connection – access relation in understanding network culture. As Choi asserts, ‘in a network environment where the connection is a primal element, connection itself cannot be the rationale for interaction; rather, it is access – the act of accessing and being accessed – that becomes the prime motive for participation in network interactions’ (104). This issue of M/C Journal brings together diverse articles that explore the dynamic and challenging concept of cohesion in the current era, where technological, cultural, and structural conditions rapidly co-evolve through communicative networks, thereby reshaping the ontological and epistemological dimensions of various societies. The feature article by Holmes Cohesion, Adhesion and Incoherence explores the creation of a cohesive visual identity for a collective via digital and print-media. Her paper illustrates the ways in which Flickr participants communicate with each other, and how it is possible for networks to come together in an organically cohesive way, if only temporarily. Holmes also provides and insight into the process of and obstacles to establishing and maintaining a cohesive group identity. This feature article provides a framework for the issue as whole that shows how cohesive identity is created through ‘negotiation’ confirms our view that it’s in constant transformation. It also serves as a launching pad for the other articles to continue deconstructing cohesion as a cohesive concept. Glover turns the focus to policy making in the cultural sector. In his paper Failed Fantasies of Cohesion he examines the fantasy of cohesion as fundamental to whole-of-government cultural policy-making undertaken within Arts Queensland in the 1990s and 2000s. The emphasis in this paper is the complexity of cohesion as a critical factor in cultural policy making, and also the paradox that cohesion presents. In the quest for cohesion the potential for important and rich dissent can be discouraged. As Glover eloquently argues, when cohesion is lost all is not lost. This embracing of both the flaws in and potential of cohesion is carried in Publish or Perish. Martin puts forward possible strategies for university presses to work as a cohesive force between emerging writers and the writing industry. He examines the inter-relationship between university presses and the broader publishing industry, and asks whether broader access and sustained co-operation between creative writing departments and university publishing houses or presses could result in a new version of cohesion in the Australian literary landscape. He presents a holistic contour of the contemporary literary industry, using the University of Western Australia and the University of Western Sydney as examples of how entities with competing agendas can come together in a mutually beneficial and innovative way. Leder and colleagues bring the focus to the individual techno-social experience, as exemplified in their ToTeM (Tales of Things and Electronic Memory) project. This project addresses social cohesion through combining personal narratives with Web2.0 and tagging technologies to create a network of shared object-related memories. This paper accentuates the pluralistic nature of cohesion and thus calls for a multiplicity of approaches to cohesion. This issue closes with an artistic piece by Kari Gislason. His personal essay Independent People provides an exploration of Iceland’s financial collapse and its disconnection with the European Union, and calls into question whether a cohesive relationship with its neighbours is possible for or even desired by the Icelandic people. This discussion is played out against the backdrop of competing national identities in his own life and the search for unity. It is in this problematising and challenging of cohesion as a static or permanent state of agreement that this issue found its own cohesive thread. References Anheier, Helmut, Jurgen Gerhards, and P. Romo. “Forms of capital and social structure in cultural fields: Examining Bourdieu’s Social Topography.” The American Journal of Sociology 100.4 (1995) 859-903. Bordieu, Pierre. “Social Space and Symbolic Power.” Sociological Review 7.1 (1989) 14-25. Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996. Choi, Jaz Hee-jeong. "The City, Self, and Connections: Transyouth and Urban Social Networking in Seoul." Youth, Society and Mobile Media in Asia. Eds. Stephanie Hemelryk Donald, Theresa Anderson and Damien Spry. London, New York: Routledge, 2010. 88-107. Choi, Jaz Hee-jeong, Marcus Foth, and Greg Hearn. "Site Specific Mobility and Connection in Korea: Bangs (Rooms) between Public and Private Spaces." Technology in Society 31.2 (2009). Habuchi, Ichiyo. "Accelerated Reflexivity." Personal, Portable, Pedestrian : Mobile Phones in Japanese Life. Eds. Mizuko Ito, Daisuke Okabe and Misa Matsuda. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2005. 165-82. Jenkins, Henry, et al. "Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century". 2006. 6 Nov. 2006. ‹http://www.digitallearning.macfound.org/site/c.enJLKQNlFiG/b.2108773/apps/nl/content2.asp?content_id=%7BCD911571-0240-4714-A93B-1D0C07C7B6C1%7D&notoc=1 >. Michalski, Wolfgang, Riel Miller, and Barrie Stevens. "Economic Flexibility and Societal Cohesion in the Twenty-First Century." Societal Cohesion and the Globalising Economy. Ed. OECD. Paris: OECD, 1997. 7-26. Nicolescu, Basarab. Manifesto of Transdisciplinarity. Trans. Karen-Claire Voss. New York: State University of New York Press, 2002. Stone, Linda. "Attention: The *Real* Aphrodisiac." O'Reilly Media Emerging Technology Conference. Varnelis, Kazys. Networked Publics. Ed. Annenberg Center for Communication, University of Southern California. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2008. World Bank. "Social Capital: The Glue Holding Society Together". 2001. March 18 2010. ‹http://www.worldbank.org/html/prddr/trans/augsepoct00/boxpage31.htm >.

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