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Journal articles on the topic 'Inter-Satellite Links (ISL)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Li, Jiang, Ma, Lv, Yuan, and Li. "LEO Precise Orbit Determination with Inter-Satellite Links." Remote Sensing 11, no. 18 (2019): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182117.

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Traditional precise orbit determination (POD) for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites relies on observations from ground stations and onboard receivers. Although the accuracy can reach centimeter level, there are still problems such as insufficient autonomous operation capability. The inter-satellite link (ISL) is a link used for communication between satellites and has a function of dual-way ranging. Numerous studies have shown that observational data using ISLs can be adopted for POD of navigation satellites. In this contribution, we mainly focus on LEO satellites POD with ISLs. First, we desig

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2

Saisandeep, Banda, Venkateshwara Rao Morla, Shaik Ahmadsaidulu, Ch S.L. Prasanna, Venkata Rao Tirumalasetty, and . "High gain tapered slot antenna design and link budget analysis for inter-satellite link at 60GHz." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.1 (2017): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.1.10791.

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The latest solution for Global Connectivity is Inter-satellite communication. Inter-satellite communication will able to connect two or more satellites directly and hence efficient data transfer is possible with less delay. Choice of frequency is key concern for inter-satellite communication. In this paper, precisely mentioned about importance of millimeter range frequency band for inter-satellite links (ISL) and more focused on the Tapered Slot antenna (TSA) design at 60 GHz. In the design, Substrate Integrated Waveguide SIW feed and corrugation techniques is used to achieve high gain and nar

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3

Shehata, Mohamed I., M. Asmaa Zaki, Heba A. Fayed, Ahmed Abd El Aziz, and Moustafa H. Aly. "Optical Inter-Satellite Link over Low Earth Orbit: Enhanced Performance." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2128, no. 1 (2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2128/1/012001.

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Abstract Space communication systems are traditionally operated with microwave in satellite-to-satellite links. Now, more efficient and reliable operation is required, which lead to use optical links for Inter Satellite Links (ISLs). This paper investigates the system performance of an optical ISL proposed between satellites over Low Earth Orbit (LEO). In this study, the proposed link is simulated to obtain a maximum bit rate and minimum bit error rate (BER) over different links distances. The system performance is improved by investigating its dependency on the photo detector type, operating

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4

Lun, Weicheng, Qun Li, Can Zhang, and Zhi Zhu. "A Community-Based Construct Method for an Inter-Satellite Communication Network of Satellite Swarm." Entropy 25, no. 1 (2023): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25010121.

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An inter-satellite communication network of satellite swarm (ICNS) is created if the members of a satellite swarm communicate with each other via inter-satellite links (ISLs). ICNS can be constructed using the theory of complex networks. A link community is defined as two satellites between which the ISL has been established. The satellite swarm, whose members have not established ISLs, is modeled as a pre-link network (PLN). The edge of a PLN is described as a candidate for the link community. Consequently, an ICNS can be constructed by collecting combinations of candidates for link communiti

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5

Wahyu, Yuyu, Ken Paramayudha, Lutfi Jamil Setiawan, Heroe Wijanto, and M. Shiddiq S.H. "Design and Realization of FIR Filter for Inter Satellite Link at 50-90 MHZ Frequency using FPGA." Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi 16, no. 1 (2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jet.v16.15-19.

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In this paper, design and realization of FIR filter with a bandwidth of 40 MHz at 50-90 MHz frequency has been proposed. The design was destined to be implemented on the Inter Satellite Links (ISL). This kind of filter had been selected due to a need in linear phase responseon the ISL data communication. Equiripple method was used to design the filter becauseof its reliability in minimizing the magnitude errors. The design of this FIR filter was conducted with theoretical calculation and simulation using the R2012b Matlab. For the implementation, FPGA was used with a VHDL as the programming la

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6

Qiao, Liang, Hongcheng Yan, Xiaoyi Zhou, Yong Xu, Luyuan Wang, and Xin Wen. "Onboard Centralized ISL-Building Planning for LEO Satellite Constellation Networks." Electronics 12, no. 3 (2023): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030635.

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Large-scale low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation projects are increasingly adopting inter-satellite links (ISLs) to enable their autonomous and collaborative operation. Due to the large number of satellite constellation network nodes and their continuous movement in orbit, the network nodes may not remain visible to each other at all times, so the ISL-building choices among satellites are diverse and vary with time. As a result, maintaining a network topology requires onboard planning and management. In this paper, we creatively propose an onboard centralized ISL-building planning sch

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7

Kur, Tomasz, and Tomasz Liwosz. "Simulation of the Use of Variance Component Estimation in Relative Weighting of Inter-Satellite Links and GNSS Measurements." Remote Sensing 14, no. 24 (2022): 6387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246387.

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Inter-satellite links (ISLs) can improve the performance of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in terms of precise orbit determination, communication, and data-exchange capabilities. This research aimed to evaluate a simulation-based processing strategy involving the exploitation of ISLs in orbit determination of Galileo satellites, which are not equipped with operational ISLs. The performance of the estimation process is first tested based on relative weighting coefficients obtained with methods of variance component estimation (VCE) varying in the complexity of the calculations. I

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8

G. Ramarao and G. Raju. "Advances in Satellite Ranging Methods Towards Precise Orbit Determination." Defence Science Journal 75, no. 2 (2025): 141–48. https://doi.org/10.14429/20413.

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Accuracy in the satellite positioning is crucial for maintaining integrity and functionality, especially in safety-critical services of communication, navigation, and imaging applications. Perturbations in space affect the accuracy of satellite orbits. This paper discusses the satellite ranging methods, viz. ground-based tracking, onboard GNSS receivers, and inter-satellite links for satellite orbit determination. Accuracies achieved using the individual and combination of ranging methods have been analysed in this paper for the satellites in different orbits. The study reveals that the satell

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9

G. Ramarao and G. Raju. "Advances in Satellite Ranging Methods Towards Precise Orbit Determination." Defence Science Journal 75, no. 2 (2025): 141–48. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.20413.

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Accuracy in the satellite positioning is crucial for maintaining integrity and functionality, especially in safety-critical services of communication, navigation, and imaging applications. Perturbations in space affect the accuracy of satellite orbits. This paper discusses the satellite ranging methods, viz. ground-based tracking, onboard GNSS receivers, and inter-satellite links for satellite orbit determination. Accuracies achieved using the individual and combination of ranging methods have been analysed in this paper for the satellites in different orbits. The study reveals that the satell

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10

Ferrer, Estel, Joan A. Ruiz-De-Azua, Francesc Betorz, and Josep Escrig. "Inter-Satellite Link Prediction with Supervised Learning: An Application in Polar Orbits." Aerospace 11, no. 7 (2024): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11070551.

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Distributed space systems are increasingly valued in the space industry, as they enhance mission performance through collaborative efforts and resource sharing among multiple heterogeneous satellites. Additionally, enabling autonomous and real-time satellite-to-satellite communications through Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs) can further increase the overall performance by allowing cooperation without relying on ground links and extensive coordination efforts among diverse stakeholders. Given the constrained resources available onboard satellites, a crucial element of achieving cost-effective and

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11

Ogweno, Jeremiah Okeyo. "A comprehensive systematic review of privacy and security issues in Satellite Networks." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 1 (2024): 349–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13684957.

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The recent advancements in satellite networks have garnered significant interest due to their extensive geographic coverage and flexible deployment capabilities, offering a promising solution for global communications and transforming traditional communication methods. Despite these advancements, current satellite systems face challenges such as high propagation delays and inadequate coverage of high-latitude regions, particularly in Geostationary (GEO) systems. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) systems, which can address these issues, are primarily used for voice services, as seen in the Iridium system,

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12

Chaudhary, Sushank, Lunchakorn Wuttisittikulkij, Jamel Nebhen, Abhishek Sharma, Demostenes Zegarra Rodriguez, and Santosh Kumar. "Terabyte capacity-enabled (10 x 400 Gbps) Is-OWC system for long-haul communication by incorporating dual polarization quadrature phase shift key and mode division multiplexing scheme." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (2022): e0265044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265044.

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Inter-satellite optical wireless communication (Is-OWC) links can become promising solutions to realize the next-generation high-speed communication services. The operation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems can be improved with the use of Is-OWC links through ranging and communication services. However, the key challenge in Inter-satellite link (ISL) is its effective range which is limited due to pointing errors. In this work, we propose to develop a high-capacity and long-reach Is-OWC link by incorporating hybrid mode division multiplexing (MDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)

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13

Du, Jinyan, Ran Zhang, Jiangbo Hu, Tian Xia, and Jiang Liu. "Fast Reroute Mechanism for Satellite Networks Based on Segment Routing and Dual Timers Switching." Aerospace 12, no. 3 (2025): 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12030233.

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Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellite networks have the advantage of global internet coverage and low latency, and they have enjoyed great success in the past few years. In LEO satellite networks, laser-based inter-satellite links (ISLs) are widely employed to achieve on-board data relay, and further to provide high-capacity backhaul worldwide. However, ISLs are prone to break due to the outage of the ISL capturing, tracking, and aiming systems. Meanwhile, breaks caused by different reasons can last from milliseconds to hours. The hybrid ISL fault leads to the on-board routing protocol to flap frequ

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14

Jin, Jifeng, Lin Shang, Zijian Yang, Haiwang Wang, and Guotong Li. "A Local Pre-Rerouting Algorithm to Combat Sun Outage for Inter-Satellite Links in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks." Applied Sciences 14, no. 4 (2024): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14041625.

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Satellite networks show the development trend in global coverage, flexible access, and reliable transmission. They are the key to building a wide coverage, massive connection, three-dimensional, all-round, all-weather, space-, air- and ground-integrated information network. Due to its high frequency and large bandwidth, the laser inter-satellite link (ISL) is easily interfered with by sunlight. When sun outage occurs, the laser inter-satellite link will be interrupted for a long time. Most of the existing satellite link failure-routing algorithms are distributed and have poor load balancing ca

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15

Han, Songhui, Qingming Gui, Guozhong Li та Yuanlu Du. "Minimum of PDOP and its applications in inter-satellite links (ISL) establishment of Walker-δ constellation". Advances in Space Research 54, № 4 (2014): 726–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2014.04.020.

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16

Ogweno Jeremiah Okeyo. "A comprehensive systematic review of privacy and security issues in Satellite Networks." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 20, no. 1 (2024): 349–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.20.1.0267.

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The recent advancements in satellite networks have garnered significant interest due to their extensive geographic coverage and flexible deployment capabilities, offering a promising solution for global communications and transforming traditional communication methods. Despite these advancements, current satellite systems face challenges such as high propagation delays and inadequate coverage of high-latitude regions, particularly in Geostationary (GEO) systems. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) systems, which can address these issues, are primarily used for voice services, as seen in the Iridium system,

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17

Zhu, Jun, Hengnian Li, Jie Li, Rengui Ruan, and Min Zhai. "Performance of dual one-way measurements and precise orbit determination for BDS via inter-satellite link." Open Astronomy 31, no. 1 (2022): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/astro-2022-0034.

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Abstract The continuous full operation of the constellation of BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) provides favorable conditions for the performance evaluation of the BDS inter-satellite links (ISLs). The primary features of ISLs that affect the precision of precise orbit determination (POD) and time synchronization include (i) the spatiotemporal coverage or continuity of observations; (ii) the observational accuracy, such as observation noise and bias; and (iii) the observational geometry represented by dilution of precision. After comparing some technical features and the current status

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18

Iglesias-Sanuy, Pablo, José Carlos López-Ardao, Miguel Rodríguez-Pérez, Sergio Herrería-Alonso, Andrés Suárez-González, and Raúl F. Rodríguez-Rubio. "An Efficient Location-Based Forwarding Strategy for Named Data Networking and LEO Satellite Communications." Future Internet 14, no. 10 (2022): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14100285.

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Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are increasingly gaining attention as future global Internet providers. At the same time, named data networking (NDN) is a new data-centric architecture that has been recently proposed to replace the classic TCP/IP architecture since it is particularly well suited to the most common usage of the Internet nowadays as a content delivery network. Certainly, the use of NDN is especially convenient in highly dynamic network environments, such as those of next LEO constellations incorporating inter-satellite links (ISL). Among other native facilities, s

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19

Yang, Chao, Jing Guo, Xiaolong Xu, Longyu Wang, and Qile Zhao. "Impacts of inter-satellite links on the ECOM model performance for BDS-3 MEO satellites." Satellite Navigation 5, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43020-024-00131-y.

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AbstractInter-satellite link (ISL) plays an essential role in current and future Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). In this study, we investigate the impact of ISL observations on precise orbit determination for BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites based on different Extended CODE Orbit Models (ECOM). Thanks to the better observation geometry of the Ka-band ISL data compared to the L-band data for BDS-3 MEO satellites, the ISL solution substantially reduces Orbit Boundary Discontinuity (OBD) errors, except for C30, which suffers from unstable

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20

Scherberger, Lucas, and Frank Schäfer. "Geospatial analysis of the system response time of satellite constellations with inter-satellite links." CEAS Space Journal, June 30, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12567-025-00634-7.

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Abstract A new approach for estimating the system response time (SRT) is presented and demonstrated through the analysis of the effect of target latitude on SRT, both with and without inter-satellite links (ISL). The access time intervals for each satellite to ground stations, targets, and between pairs of satellites are computed. The SRT for a target is calculated using a proposed algorithm that includes an adapted Dijkstra algorithm on a time-varying link graph for the ISLs. For the geospatial analysis, the average, minimum, and maximum SRTs of the targets of all SRTs were introduced as perf

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21

Yang, Zhouming, Yunbin Yuan, and Bingfeng Tan. "A short-arc hardware delay estimation method for inter-satellite links to improve BDS-3 precise orbit determination." Scientific Reports 15, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02800-7.

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Abstract The inter-satellite link (ISL) equipment of the third-generation BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) can enhance the accuracy of precise orbit determination (POD) for BDS-3 satellites. However, the hardware delays within ISL observations can impact the measurement accuracy of ISL observations. This study evaluates the characteristics of hardware delays in ISL observations for BDS-3 medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites and investigates their effects on POD. Analysis shows that most links exhibit slow variations in hardware delays, with standard deviations (STD) of 6.4 cm and 3.6

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22

Li, Zongnan, Wei Xiao, Lei Fan, Zukun Lu, and Feixue Wang. "Impact of ambiguity resolution on phase center offsets and hardware delay estimation for BDS-3 inter-satellite links." Frontiers in Physics 11 (April 17, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2023.1154159.

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The Chinese BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) has already completed its three phases and developed into a global navigation satellite system for open positioning, navigation, and timing services. The BDS-3 satellites feature the inter-satellite link (ISL). The ISL observation-related error model and ambiguity resolution for L-band observation are the crucial factors in precise data processing. In this study, we present for the first time the impact of ambiguity resolution on phase center offsets (PCOs) and hardware delay estimation of BDS-3 inter-satellite links. Two weeks’ L-band obser

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23

Kur, Tomasz, Tomasz Liwosz, and Maciej Kalarus. "The application of inter-satellite links connectivity schemes in various satellite navigation systems for orbit and clock corrections determination: simulation study." Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica, October 9, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40328-020-00322-4.

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Abstract Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs) are intended to improve precision of orbit determination and satellite clock estimation. The ISLs provide a precise pseudorange measurements between satellites in a specific constellation. The study is a preparatory assessment of exploitation of seven connectivity schemes in the terms of the precise orbit determination for three types of constellations—Galileo-like with 24 satellites on three orbital planes, GPS-like with 24 satellites on six orbital planes, and GPS with real positions. The first part of the study focused on detailed analysis of the variou

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24

Jiang, Kecai, Renhai Mu, Min Li, et al. "Simulation case study of precise orbit determination for IGSO satellites using onboard Ka/GNSS observations." Measurement Science and Technology, October 15, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ad86e3.

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Abstract Inter-satellite links can provide a more accurate space reference for IGSO satellites than onboard GNSS side-lobe signals. In this study, POD quality is analyzed based on onboard Ka/GNSS observations by utilizing a simulated IGSO satellite orbit. Considering the similar orbit altitude, we first select three IGSO satellites from BDS-3 as target satellites. These satellites have actual Ka-band measurements available, along with other BDS-3 satellites and ground anchor stations, allowing us to assess the POD performance. The Ka-band availability of these IGSO satellites can serve as a me

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25

Han, Lin, Alvaro Retana, Cedric Westphal, and Richard Li. "Large Scale LEO Satellite Networks for the Future Internet: Challenges and Solutions to Addressing and Routing." Computer Networks and Communications, December 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37256/cnc.1120232105.

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This document analyses the problems and challenges of addressing and routing to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites used for the future Internet. It focuses on the scenario where Inter-Satellite-Links (ISL) are used for massive LEO satellite constellation. Such LEO satellite network is the key to the Non-terrestrial Network (NTN) integration with 5G and beyond. The paper describes two categories of solutions. One is based on IPv6 and another is based on a new protocol, New IP. The two categories of solutions are a) using new types of addresses for LEO satellites and b) new concepts for routing wi

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26

Gao, Weiguang, Wei Zhou, Shanshi Zhou, et al. "A method for estimating the rotation errors of BDS broadcast ephemeris using global satellite laser ranging data." Measurement Science and Technology, July 30, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ad691f.

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Abstract The BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) generates navigation messages from a regional ground tracking network and inter-satellite links (ISL), relying on predicted station coordinates and Earth rotation parameters (ERPs). These procedures, however, may lead to orientation errors in the broadcast ephemeris, termed constellation rotation errors.&#xD;Traditionally, these errors are monitored through Helmert transformation analysis comparing broadcast and post-processed orbits, a method that highlights discrepancies between the&#xD;GNSS Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF) a

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27

Glaser, Susanne, Grzegorz Michalak, Benjamin Männel, Rolf König, Karl Hans Neumayer, and Harald Schuh. "Reference system origin and scale realization within the future GNSS constellation “Kepler”." Journal of Geodesy 94, no. 12 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-020-01441-0.

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AbstractCurrently, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) do not contribute to the realization of origin and scale of combined global terrestrial reference frame (TRF) solutions due to present system design limitations. The future Galileo-like medium Earth orbit (MEO) constellation, called “Kepler”, proposed by the German Aerospace Center DLR, is characterized by a low Earth orbit (LEO) segment and the innovative key features of optical inter-satellite links (ISL) delivering highly precise range measurements and of optical frequency references enabling a perfect time synchronization within

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