Relevant bibliographies by topics / Interaction between fishery politic

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Academic literature on the topic 'Interaction between fishery politic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Interaction between fishery politic"

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Verelst, Bram. "Managing inequality: the political ecology of a small-scale fishery, Mweru-Luapula, Zambia." Journal of Political Ecology 20, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v20i1.21744.

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This paper starts from the perspective that resource management approaches are based upon a body of environmental knowledge. By analysing fisheries management in Mweru-Luapula, Zambia, I argue that this body of environmental knowledge has 1) remained largely unchanged throughout the recent shift to co-management and 2) is to a great extent based upon general paradigmatic conventions with regard to common property regimes. The article outlines the historical trajectories of both resource management and the political ecology of Mweru-Luapula's fishing economy. Using a relational perspective – by looking at interaction of the local fishing economy with external developments, but also by examining socioeconomic relations between individual actors – this article exposes constraints and incentives within the local fishing economy that are not absorbed in the current co-management regime. These findings challenge both policy goals and community-based resource management itself. I argue that governance of small-scale fisheries – in order to close the gap between locally based understandings, policy and legislation – should always be built upon all dimensions (social, economic, ecological, and political) that define a fisheries system.Keywords: co-management, common-property resource management, political ecology, Mweru-Luapula fishery, Zambia.
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Sakai, Yutaro, Nobuyuki Yagi, and Ussif Rashid Sumaila. "Fishery subsidies: the interaction between science and policy." Fisheries Science 85, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12562-019-01306-2.

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Zorica, Barbara, Vanja Čikeš Keč, Kristijan Zanki, Leon Grubišić, and Tanja Šegvić-Bubić. "Interaction between small pelagic purse seine fishery and its top predators." Acta Adriatica 59, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32582/aa.59.2.3.

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Due to very good collaboration with one commercial purse seiner, using “Srdelara” and operating in fishing zone G, preliminary data concerning the interaction between small pelagic purse seine fishery and its predators were obtained. According to the notes taken by experience observer on-board in period from year 2013 to 2016, seems that tunas, dolphins and swordfish were the faithful companions of purse seiner fisherman with abundance of 68.6%, 22.0% and 9.4%, respectively. Although they were present all year round, their monthly pattern of appearance indicated that less tunas were recorded in May-June, more dolphins were noted from July to October while swordfish were mostly abundant in winter (January-March). Within the investigated period, slightly increasing trend of tuna and dolphins’ appearance was recorded, although statistically not significant. Analysing possible correlation between purse seine catches and predator’s abundances, revealed that appearance of tuna had negative impact on the catches (dispersion of schools), while realised catches in presence of dolphins were quite good so it seems that they tend to round up small pelagic fish schools.
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Bolívar, Adriana. "Perceptions of (Im)politeness in Venezuelan Spanish." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 605–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.18.4.03bol.

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In this paper I shall use a test of social habits in order to unveil the different types of interactions and meanings observable in it: First, the interactions represented in hypothetical situations which reflect the expectations of a group of speakers concerning what they believe it is appropriate to say in particular situations, that is, mainly “politic behavior”; second, the interaction between participants (informants) and researchers as seen in the responses given to opinion questions, which reinforce and expand the perceptions of “politic behavior” and politeness; and third, evaluations that bring out the links with the “real” world in the wider Venezuelan social context.
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Potier, Michel, Pierre Petitgas, and Didier Petit. "Interaction between fish and fishing vessels in the Javanese purse seine fishery." Aquatic Living Resources 10, no. 3 (May 1997): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr:1997016.

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CEYHAN, Tevfik, and Okan AKYOL. "Some interactions between coastal fisheries and sea birds in the Aegean Sea." Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.37.2.04.

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In this study, it is aimed to determine the some interactions between various fishery types and seabirds, results of this interaction and sea bird species that have been interacting due to secondary attraction factors. A total of 80 fishermen, working in fish farms, small scale fishery (SSF) and lagoons located in Izmir, Aydın and Muğla were face-to-face interviewed between September 2016 and December 2018. The great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo), yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), great white egret (Ardea alba), some yelkouan shearwater (Puffinus yelkouan) and great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) are the bird species that have an interaction with coastal fishermen and sea-cage fish farms. 82% of employees in sea-cage fish farms mentioned that they have an interaction with sea birds in winter, besides %50 of SSF have an interaction with sea birds in summer. The difference between interaction rate according to seasons has been found as statistically significant (p<0.05). 33% of employees in fish farms expressed that they see sea birds during the day. This ratio is 21.7% and 15% for SSF and fishermen in lagoon, respectively. Furthermore, 8.3% of fishermen in lagoon, 11% of employees in fish farms and SSF mentioned that they have an interaction with seabirds especially in the morning time.
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Guan, Wenjiang, Jie Cao, Yong Chen, and Matthew Cieri. "Impacts of population and fishery spatial structures on fishery stock assessment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70, no. 8 (August 2013): 1178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2012-0364.

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Fish populations and fishing efforts in most fisheries exhibit spatial heterogeneity. However, spatial considerations are generally ignored in fishery stock assessment and management because of a lack of spatially explicit data and poor understanding of the spatial dynamics of most fisheries. This study uses a simulation approach to evaluate the consequences of misspecifying spatial structure and migration during the assessment process. We developed an operating model to simulate a fishery using US Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) as our model species. This population consists of two well-defined spawning substocks distributed and mixed in four management areas. Simulations were done for three alternative “true” populations, each having a different spatial structure both biologically and with regard to the geographic distribution of fishing effort. Stock assessments were then performed for the three simulated “true” populations using standard methodologies and assumptions currently used. Management-area-based assessments lead to overestimation of spawning stock biomass and underestimation of fishing mortality because of the interaction within the management area between the spatial structure of the population and that of the spatially heterogeneous fishery removals. In contrast, when fishing is spatially homogeneous, movement across management boundaries may not be relevant to modeling population dynamics. Such an idealized situation does not typically hold, however.
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BOUSQUET, F., C. CAMBIER, C. MULLON, P. MORAND, J. QUENSIERE, and A. PAVÉ. "SIMULATING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN A SOCIETY AND A RENEWABLE RESOURCE." Journal of Biological Systems 01, no. 02 (June 1993): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339093000148.

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Since a few years environmental studies have included human societies in the ecosystem in order to understand the interaction between the ecological and social dynamics and therefore there is a need to synthesize various scientific points of view. We have developed a simulator to represent both social, economic and ecological knowledge to contribute to a synthesis of the multidisciplinary knowledge of the Niger inland delta fishery. In this paper we present the simulator, and, in order to give a general outline of its use we present different experimentations. The architecture of the simulator is based on Distributed Artificial Intelligence principle (multi-agents simulations, blackboard architecture, object oriented language). We simulate an aquatic ecosystem submitted to an increase of the fishing effort and compare the effect of different representation of fishing effort. As a result of the simulations, focus can be put on the relation between space sharing rules and the evolution of the ecological equilibrium. The simulator is considered as a discussion tool to lead to interdisciplinary meetings.
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Badriyanto, Bambang Samsu. "INTERETHNIC RELATIONSHIP AND SOCIAL HARMONY: SOCIAL INTERACTION BETWEEN MADURESE AND OTHER ETHNICS IN SUMENEP REGENCY." Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 12, no. 1 (July 23, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/historia.v12i1.12123.

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Indonesia is a multiethnic nation that has various physical characteristic and culture. Each ethnic has its own characteristic, the skin color, langguage, art, custom, social structurem and cultureThese variousity of human and culture is a form of human adaptation process into the different environment as the result of the wide archipelago area. In the process of a country development, since the independence era until today, it seems that one particular ethnic has a different development level to the other. In fact, today there is a high tendency of discrepancy among ethnics, whether it is the aspect of economy, social, technology, politic, or culture. This discrepency has an implicatioin of horizontal conflict trigerred by the jelousy regarding the matter of economy, social, culture. The ethnic of madura is one of some ethnics in Indonesia with a high rate of migration. They live in several area of Indonesia, particularly Java, Sumatera, and Kalimantan. Due to the natural resources limitation in madura, about 70 % Madurese live and reside the Madura island (Djojomartono, 1985). They work in various sector, particularly the informal sectors, services, and fisherman. This article is based on research focused on interethnic relationship and social harmony: social interaction between Madurese and other ethnics in Sumenep regency.
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González-Solís, Jacob, Xavier Ruiz, and Lluis Jover. "Influence of food availability on interactions between Larus cachinnans and L. audouinii." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-092.

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Predatory and (or) kleptoparasitic interactions are greatly facilitated in mixed-species gulleries, particularly when one of the species is larger than the others. Larus audouinii, the Audouin's gull, is a threatened species breeding in sympatry with the larger L. cachinnans, the yellow-legged gull, throughout the Mediterranean. The yellow-legged gull has often been cited as the main threat to the Audouin's gull. On the Chafarinas Islands, the second largest breeding place for Audouin's gulls in the world, both gull species depend largely on commercial fisheries for food. We analyze the influence of food availability, assessed through fishery activity, on the frequency and intensity of interaction pressure by yellow-legged gulls upon Audouin's gulls during the breeding season. We studied five different types of interaction: (1) flyovers of yellow-legged gulls; (2) ground intrusions; (3) egg predation; (4) chick predation, and (5) aerial kleptoparasitism. Moreover, intensity of interaction pressure was assessed using logistic regression analysis to build a model of the"relationship between Audouin's gulls' response to yellow-legged gull flyovers as a dependent variable and fishing fleet activity as an independent variable. All interactions except aerial kleptoparasitism were significantly more frequent during days without sardine fishery activity. However, chick predation is significantly higher only during the period when yellow-legged gull has fledglings. Overall, the results of the estimated logistic model indicate a positive association between depleted food and the response by Audouin's gulls to aerial intrusions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interaction between fishery politic"

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Peterson, Therése. "Samspelet mellan ekologi, produktionsförhållande, politik och sociokulturella faktorer gällande Östersjöns torskbestånd från 1970-talet till 2003." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2401.

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The study begins with a historical background over the fisheries development in North America and in the Baltic Sea area in Finland and Sweden. As we can see the fisheries development depends on the interaction between ecology, state of production, politic and also social factors. In Sweden the fishery politic has changed over the period of the study. In the 1970: s the main politic focus was on the fisheries progress, expansion and rationalization. The State in Sweden took a vast part in this development and gave economic support. In the 1980: s the fishery politic in Sweden started to change and the environmental politics began to enter the fishery politic. The environmental problems in the Baltic Sea were given attention and it was a great anxiety over the eutrophication. In the 1980: s the codpopulation declined and with them the catches declined. The conflict over the White zone 1978-1988 between Former Soviet Union and Sweden resulted in a plunder fishery in the area east of Bornholm. This plunder fishery effected the cod population enormous and the effect has continued to the late 1990: s.

In 1995 Sweden joined the European Union and the common fishery politic replaced the Swedish fishery politic.

The system with TAC (Total Allowable Catch) is central in the common politic and it is used to control the cod catches. But the problem is that the TAC -volume has been higher than the codpopulation could stand. Despite the politic goal in Sweden and EU to preserve the codpopulation in the Baltic Sea, the codpopulation has continued to decline. The reason to this politic failure is that the limit of the ecology has been overseen. Instead, the economic and social values have been dominating the politic and together with a to weak control of the catches and environmental problems in the Baltic Sea, the situation for the cod has been devastating.

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Medley, Paul Anthony Hassell. "Interaction between longline and purse seine in the south-west Pacific tuna fishery." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47571.

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Hao, Chen Kuan, and 陳冠豪. "On Satisfaction Level toward Coast Guard Administration’s Public Service-A Case Study on Interaction Between Set-net Fishery Owners and Eastern Coastal Patrol Office." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23313165416824183324.

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碩士
國立高雄海洋科技大學
漁業生產與管理研究所
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In recent years, the government has pursued policies aiming at developing marine related industries and promoting sightseeing and leisure activities in the hope of forging a prosperous, safe, and ecological-friendly vision for marine industries, so that the country’s marine recreational industries will flourish. For this reason, it has become a key consideration for the Coast Guard Administration nowadays to figure out how it can achieve the goal of implementing the ideal of service-oriented administration. This study, which aims to investigate the satisfaction level of fishermen in set-net fishing grounds in the eastern coastal area towards the public service of the Eastern Coastal Patrol Office of the Coast Guard Administration, explores the cognitive differences between fishermen and Coast Guard authorities on service quality and attempts to find out the impression of and expectation for Coast Guard authorities in fishermen by conducting a questionnaire survey and quantitative analysis on the five dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) of PZB Gaps Model of service quality. The survey results demonstrate that, there are significant cognitive differences between fishermen and Coast Guard authorities on the five dimensions of service quality. Six suggestions based on the aforementioned results are proposed in the study as references for Coast Guard authorities to carry out an overall review. It is hoped that these suggestions will help Coast Guard authorities become more oriented in their improvement of service quality and provide advice to them, so that their performance in their services will become even better, and fishermen can enjoy even better services, thus, the Coast Guard authorities can win the trust of fishermen.
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Books on the topic "Interaction between fishery politic"

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Trading fish, saving fish: The interaction between regimes in international law. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Skillman, Robert A. Fishery interaction between the tuna longline and other pelagic fisheries in Hawaii. [La Jolla, Calif.]: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, [Southwest Fisheries Center, 1993.

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Young, Margaret A. Trading Fish, Saving Fish: The Interaction Between Regimes In International Law. Cambridge University Press, 2013.

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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.001.0001.

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European imperialism was extraordinarily far-reaching: a key global historical process of the last 500 years. It locked disparate human societies together over a wider area than any previous imperial expansion; it underpinned the repopulation of the Americas and Australasia; it was the precursor of globalization as we now understand it. Imperialism was inseparable from the history of global environmental change. Metropolitan countries sought raw materials of all kinds, from timber and furs to rubber and oil. They established sugar plantations that transformed island ecologies. Settlers introduced new methods of farming and displaced indigenous peoples. Colonial cities, many of which became great conurbations, fundamentally changed relationships between people and nature. Consumer cultures, the internal combustion engine, and pollution are now ubiquitous. Environmental history deals with the reciprocal interaction between people and other elements in the natural world, and this book illustrates the diverse environmental themes in the history of empire. Initially concentrating on the material factors that shaped empire and environmental change, Environment and Empire discusses the way in which British consumers and manufacturers sucked in resources that were gathered, hunted, fished, mined, and farmed. Yet it is also clear that British settler and colonial states sought to regulate the use of natural resources as well as commodify them. Conservation aimed to preserve resources by exclusion, as in wildlife parks and forests, and to guarantee efficient use of soil and water. Exploring these linked themes of exploitation and conservation, this study concludes with a focus on political reassertions by colonised peoples over natural resources. In a post-imperial age, they have found a new voice, reformulating ideas about nature, landscape, and heritage and challenging, at a local and global level, views of who has the right to regulate nature.
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Book chapters on the topic "Interaction between fishery politic"

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Södergård, Caj, Tomas Mildorf, Arne J. Berre, Aphrodite Tsalgatidou, and Karel Charvát. "Big Data Technologies in DataBio." In Big Data in Bioeconomy, 3–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_1.

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AbstractIn this introductory chapter, we present the technological background needed for understanding the work in DataBio. We start with basic concepts of Big Data including the main characteristics volume, velocity and variety. Thereafter, we discuss data pipelines and the Big Data Value (BDV) Reference Model that is referred to repeatedly in the book. The layered reference model ranges from data acquisition from sensors up to visualization and user interaction. We then discuss the differences between open and closed data. These differences are important for farmers, foresters and fishermen to understand, when they are considering sharing their professional data. Data sharing is significantly easier, if the data management conforms to the FAIR principles. We end the chapter by describing our DataBio platform that is a software development platform. It is an environment in which a piece of software is developed and improved in an iterative process providing a toolset for services in agriculture, forestry and fishery. The DataBio assets are gathered on the DataBio Hub that links to content both on the DataBio website and to Docker software repositories on clouds.
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"From Catastrophe to Recovery: Stories of Fishery Management Success." In From Catastrophe to Recovery: Stories of Fishery Management Success, edited by Clifford Kraft. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874554.ch12.

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<i>Abstract</i>.—Recovery of Brook Trout <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> in an Adirondack (New York, USA) lake that was subject to anthropogenic acidification provides a remarkable example of fishery improvement in response to environmental regulation. Studies initiated in the 1950s following a steady decline in Brook Trout populations helped document this recovery. Unsuccessful efforts to maintain a fishery in Honnedaga Lake with hatchery-reared fish in the 1950s forced managers to look beyond stocking, the primary approach employed until that time. As a result, fishery scientists collaborated in the 1960s and 1970s with researchers from other disciplines, providing a broad understanding of atmospheric inputs, watershed processes, and chemical interactions influencing lakes and streams. Extensive studies in the 1980s confirmed the connection between Brook Trout mortality and airborne emissions of strong acid nitrogen and sulfur compounds that released toxic inorganic aluminum from increasingly acidic soils. Political debates in that decade focused on federal regulatory efforts to reduce these emissions, which culminated in passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Within the next decade, Brook Trout that took refuge within a few well-buffered, groundwater-fed tributaries began to recolonize Honnedaga Lake as conditions improved in the main lake due to reduced atmospheric deposition of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Since then, management of Honnedaga Lake in the 21st century relied upon natural reproduction by wild Brook Trout. Ultimately, social and political decisions made far away from the Adirondack Mountain region developed regulations that fostered recovery of the Honnedaga Lake fishery by restoring necessary water-chemistry conditions. The recovery of Honnedaga Lake highlights three lessons. First, environment and habitat conditions must be suitable before fishery management actions can be effective. This criterion requires a broad understanding of environmental conditions that sustain fisheries, incorporating insights from atmospheric sciences, geology, and limnology. Second, natural reproduction of Brook Trout in Honnedaga Lake successfully increased population abundance without the additional intervention of stocking hatchery-reared fish. Finally, successful management of Honnedaga Lake required political support and regulatory action from beyond the Adirondack region, as well as media attention.
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Tran, Ben. "Rhetoric of Game." In Advances in Multimedia and Interactive Technologies, 145–74. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6206-3.ch008.

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The Tavistock method, commonly known as group relations, was originated from the work of British psychoanalyst Wilfred Ruprecht Bion. The Tavistock method's basic premise is that an aggregate cluster of persons becomes a group when interaction between members occurs. Within a group, there is organizational politics, and there are two features of organizational politic that should be considered when investigating its relationships with employee attitudes and behaviors. First, perceptions are more important than reality. Second, organizational politics may be interpreted as either beneficial or detrimental to an individual's well-being. Thus, organizational politics perceptions may result in differing responses to organizational policies and practices depending on whether politics are viewed as an opportunity or as a threat. How well one survives within an organization is correlated with how well one navigates these organizational politics. The Tavistock method is utilized as a game to assess and train individuals on organizational politics.
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Tran, Ben. "Rhetoric of Game." In Gamification, 1545–66. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8200-9.ch078.

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The Tavistock method, commonly known as group relations, was originated from the work of British psychoanalyst Wilfred Ruprecht Bion. The Tavistock method's basic premise is that an aggregate cluster of persons becomes a group when interaction between members occurs. Within a group, there is organizational politics, and there are two features of organizational politic that should be considered when investigating its relationships with employee attitudes and behaviors. First, perceptions are more important than reality. Second, organizational politics may be interpreted as either beneficial or detrimental to an individual's well-being. Thus, organizational politics perceptions may result in differing responses to organizational policies and practices depending on whether politics are viewed as an opportunity or as a threat. How well one survives within an organization is correlated with how well one navigates these organizational politics. The Tavistock method is utilized as a game to assess and train individuals on organizational politics.
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"Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations." In Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, edited by K. Fiona Cubitt, Christopher I. Goddard, and Charles C. Krueger. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch60.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—This paper presents a synopsis of discussions by commercial and subsistence fishers, biologists, fishery managers, and academicians about salmon management held at the symposium (this volume). The group reviewed current strategies and discussed changes that may be made to improve management with respect to fish numbers, stakeholder needs, and engagement of local people. The conservation of salmon <em>Oncorhynchus </em>spp. was a shared value among all participants along with the belief that sustainable salmon yields will ensure sustainable rural communities within the Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim (AYK) region. Management by escapement goals was a useful management strategy; however, substantial concerns were expressed that high risks to salmon populations and fisheries existed when goals were based on maximum sustained yield concepts. Weekly in-season teleconferences among fishery participants and managers have provided important information, improved decision making, and built relationships and trust between managers and fishers. Traditional ecological knowledge was viewed as an important source of information and could be further incorporated into management decisions. Studies should be conducted to understand the nature of selective fishing on salmon (e.g., size, life history, sex), and its effects on the long-term sustainability of salmon populations. Allocation of subsistence harvest in times of salmon scarcity should recognize and prioritize human food as the highest use, then dog food, and last customary trade uses. Opportunities should be explored to increase interaction between freshwater and ocean managers to achieve a more holistic, ecosystem-based management of salmon stocks over their entire life history. Tensions exist within the fisheries including: commercial versus recreational versus subsistence fishers; downstream versus upstream fishers; and state versus federal management of subsistence fisheries. These tensions will continue to pose a challenge to management. With improved information, communication, and cooperation, successful management of AYK salmon is possible and will help ensure sustainability and opportunity for use by future human generations.
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Fiore, Dánae, and Angélica Tivoli. "Is the ‘Environment’ Good to Eat or Good to Paint? Faunal Consumption and Avoidance among Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers in the Beagle Channel Region (Tierra del Fuego, South America)." In Humans and the Environment. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199590292.003.0013.

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This chapter discusses some aspects of the multi-dimensional nature of human–environment relationships. It focuses on the interaction established between people and animals in the Beagle Channel region (Tierra del Fuego, South America; Figure 5.1) through an analysis of taxon selection or avoidance in two inter-related spheres: subsistence and ceremonial art. The selection or avoidance of a particular species can be related to environmental, economic, political, and ideological factors, and our aim is to point out which of these factors influenced the high exploitation of certain taxa and the low representation of others. We achieve this by comparing archaeological data with spatially and temporally contemporaneous ethnographic information about the representation of animal species in ceremonial body paintings. Thus, we seek to explain whether the selection of some species and the avoidance of others in the subsistence sphere was being reinforced by or forbidden according to symbolic values that stemmed from the ceremonial sphere. Such questions derive from a theoretical premise that dismisses the notion of absolute optimality in human practices. It proposes instead that people’s actions and decisions are not guided only by rational principles and cost-minimizing aims: they can also be non-rational and non-optimal, and yet can make a socio-economic system function and reproduce efficiently through time and space without collapse. We argue that archaeological techniques and data have much to contribute to an understanding of the complexity of human–environment relations—particularly the ability to critique the overly simplistic economic models that often feed into popular and bureaucratic approaches to human environments. During the last fifteen years, one of the most popular approaches to subsistence in prehistoric and non-industrial societies has been the application of optimality models (e.g. Broughton 1994; Grayson and Delpech 1998; Nagaoka 2002, among others). In principle, these models were conceived as methodological tools through which the researcher lays out a hypothetical scenario of how resources should be consumed if people were trying to minimize costs and maximize benefits towards reaching an optimal result.
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