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Samuelsson, Sofie. "Interaction Through Culture." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73594.
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During my visit in the pottery area Kumbhar Wada in Dharavi, I got conscious about how isolated the older uneducated people in the families are from their children’s education. The Kumbhar Wada area itself is very isolated from the rest of Dharavi and many inhabitants almost never leave this area. School children from different parts of Dharavi meet together in the schools around Default site. This project is about getting the people of Dharavi together around a common interest. In culture activities as theatre, dance and music both educated and uneducated inhabitants can take part. Default site is an open ground in the center of Dharavi and a lot of Dharavi’s children goes in the schools that surround the site. On the site a culture house will welcome the schools to educate in cultural activities as a compliment to the basic education. An outdoor theatre and some parts of the culture house will be open for public so the pupils get the oppportunity to show what they have learned in cultural education. The outdoor theater area will work both as a theatre and as a festival area for dance and music. With the public area the project will include families and friends to the students and people in different ages can take part in the cultural activities on default site.
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Alostath, J. "Culture-Centred Design : Integrating Culture into Human-Computer Interaction." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516242.
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Moss, Michael. "Rhetoric and Time: Cognition, Culture, and Interaction." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1347028413.
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Kenttä, V. (Ville). "“This ain’t no ancient culture here, mister”:cultural interaction in Jim Jarmusch’s Ghost Dog." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201601231078.
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This study analyzes the Jim Jarmusch film Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai from the perspective of cultural interaction and what it says about race relations with its presentation of a stylized version of a culturally pluralist America. Sociological theories and formal analysis were applied to examine the film’s depiction of the melting pot in American society, otherness of different ethnic groups and preservation of cultural traditions. The study suggests that though the melting pot may face problems even to the point of violence, the coexistence of different cultures within a society is an attainable goal.
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Ferreira, Raquel. "Culture and E-Commerce: Culture Based Preferences for Interface Information Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34417.
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Global companies face the challenge of offering their products or services to a wider audience. While the Internet has made it easier to distribute information globally, information design for different cultures is still very difficult. Cultural models can be used to identify differences between cultures that may have an effect on how people make decisions. Geert Hofstede (1980, 1997) has defined a cultural model with five dimensions. One of these dimensions, individualism vs. collectivism has been shown to affect the type of information people prefer when viewing printed advertisements.
A study was conducted to determine if the individualism vs. collectivism dimension affects the type of information Anglo-American and Hispanic-American people prefer for purchasing tasks in a computer-based environment. The findings of this study suggest that there is no difference between the cultures on preference for information. Nonetheless, there are cultural aspects that have to be considered when designing interfaces for a Hispanic audience as opposed to an Anglo-American audience. Based in these cultural aspects, design guidelines were developed. These aspects are the basis of the design guidelines provided in this paper.Master of Science
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El, Marhoum-El moudni Amina. "Interaction des cellules RINm5F avec des polymères biofonctionnels dérivés du polystyrène." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132005.
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Des polymères sulfonates, des sopolystyrènes (sulfonate de sodium, N, N-diéthylamino-méthyle), des polystyrènes sulfamides de l'ester méthylique d'aminoacides, des sulfamides d'aminoacides carboxyliques et des sulfamides de benzylamine, ont été synthétisés à differents taux de substitution en groupements sulfonates. Ces résines ont été utilisées à differents taux de substitution en groupements sulfonates. Ces résines ont été utilisées comme support de culture pour des cellules insulino-sécrétrices, les RINm5F. Tous les dérivés du polystyrène étudiés, hormis ceux qui comportent des groupements carboxyliques, permettent la croissance des cellules RINm5F. L'utilisation des copolystyrènes a montré que l'effet inhibiteur du PSSO3NA sur l'insulino-sécrétion n'est pas dû à la charge du polymère, mais à des sites de surface qui intéragissent spécifiquement avec les cellules. Le fait de greffer au polystyrène des groupements benzylamine ou l'ester méthylique de différents aminoacides, tels que l'acide glutamique, augmente l'insulino-sécrétion des cellules RINm5F cultivées sur le support ainsi modifié. Les analogues solubles des dérivés du polystyrène se révelent avoir des effets nettement différents des résines de composition identique, ce qui suggère le rôle important de l'internalisation dans l'effet biologique de ces produits. L'effet direct de nos polymères sur les cellules RINm5F se traduit par la modification de l'expression des récepteurs insuliniques. Cette modificationa été vérifiée sur des cellules non insulino-sécrétrices, des lymphocytes B normaux infectés à l'EBV et des cellules épithéliales de cancer de sein humain, les cellules MCF-7. Le PSSO3Na intéragit spécifiquement avec des récepteurs cellulaires non encore identifiés, et entraîne une activation de ces récepteurs. Cette activation conduirait à une modification de l'expression des récepteurs insuliniques ainsi qu'une modification de l'insulino-sécrétion. Par effect de rétroaction, la variation locale de la concentration en insuline qui en découle, pourrait modifier à son tour l'expression des récepteurs insuliniques des cellules adjacentes. L'action sur l'expression des récepteurs insuliniques conduirait à une modulation de l'insulino-sécrétion. Ceci constitue une extension du principe de "down-regulation" communement admis. L'insuline peut donc être considérée comme étant le médiateur de sa propre sécrétation.
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Shen, Siu-Tsen. "Towards culture-centred design : a metaphor in human computer interaction." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539866.
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Supramaniam, Christina V. "Molecular interaction between Ganoderma boninense and young oil palm." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33689/.
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Oil palm is an important crop to the economy of Malaysia and Indonesia. There have been considerable efforts to improve crop quality of crop to meet the growing demands for edible oil in the world. However, the threat of pests and diseases in Malaysian oil palm has increasingly challenged the production of crude palm oil, sometimes to the point of driving plantations to closure and conversion of estate land for commercial development. The most devastating disease in oil palm is basal stem rot (BSR), caused by the root-rot pathogen Ganoderma boninense. The disease has been observed in both young and mature oil palm and in both inland and coastal plantations. Epidemiology of BSR was explained through infection by spores and by mycelium from previously infected oil palm and coconut stands, and the presence of G. boninense in the basal stem and soil surrounding infected palms. The life cycle of G. boninense could extend to years as the fungus can remain as resting structures in palm tissues and as recalcitrant spores spread by wind and rain splash in estates. Shade house trials have been successful in producing artificially infected Ganoderma-oil palm BSR symptoms. However, the current method uses oil palm seedlings of three to 12 months and involves inoculation with G. boninense that has pre-colonised a rubber wood block for one month. This method requires a minimum of six months to observe BSR-like symptoms, a time consuming effort. The aim of this work was to develop an efficient artificial infection assay that uses clonal oil palm plantlets as hosts for BSR disease through the inoculation of G. boninense isolate GBLS. The experiment was set up with treatments of T1: non-treatment control, T2: wounded plant control and T3: wounded and GBLS-infected plants. During the incubation period of 42 days, T3 plants consistently showed significant stunting (5.18% and 13.41% shorter than T1 and T2, respectively) and loss of weight (57.58% and 61.00% lighter than T1 and T2, respectively). The T3 plants also had significantly thinner leaves (38.70% and 37.71% narrower than T1 and T2, respectively) and lower chlorophyll contents (42.95% and 64.88% lower SPAD readings than T1 and T2, respectively). Disease severity on the T3 plants was 100% by 6 weeks, indicating death of oil palms. The quantity of GBLS DNA present in T3 samples was highest at Day 14, corresponding to the active growth phase of the pathogen, while on Day 42, the quantity of DNA increased to 13.58% of Day 14 readings, indicating continuous growth in vivo. The method developed was time-sensitive and reliable for screening oil palm for response during the plant-pathogen interaction. The work examined the hypothesis that G. boninense utilizes lignin degrading enzymes (LDEs) such as laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) to breakdown oil palm lignin, causing primary cell, tissue and stem rot. Therefore, the role of laccase was investigated during the interaction in otherwise symptomless oil palm tissues. A small gene fragment (208 bp) of laccase was isolated from total DNA of G. boninense GBLS and sequencing showed it to contain 89% homology to basidiomycete laccase. GBLS reduced the total lignin content of oil palm in T3 plants (48.86% and 53.18% lower than T1 and T2, respectively). However, neither laccase nor MnP enzymes were produced in significantly higher amounts in T3 as compared to T1 and T2, indicating the need to differentiate the presence of plant and fungal laccases. Transcript abundance for GBLS laccase gene using qPCR indicated that laccase was induced during the interaction, with maximum laccase detected on Day 28. However, this did not place laccase as a virulence factor although the presence of higher amounts of laccase towards the end of the experiment corresponds to loss of lignin and plant death. Therefore, laccase and other LDEs need further investigations to be confirmed as virulence factors. This work reports a novel infection assay for G. boninense interaction with oil palm and was the first study to have investigated the role of G. boninense laccases in the devastating BSR disease.
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Zou, Vumlallian David. "The interaction of print culture, identity and language in Northeast India." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486253.
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Print culture is an emerging field of enquiry enriched by a growing body of literature that incorporates 'literacy studies', 'book history' and 'textual geography'. Print, language and identity converged in convoluted ways. The printing press arrived at India's colonial Northeast in 1836 not a revolutionary force per se; but it forged linkages with its oral precedents. Oral tradition did not simply dissolve at the triumph of evangelical print culture. Nonetheless, it eventually weakened the kinship complex of traditionai chiefdom while spawning an embryonic middle class in the hill societies. The institutions of colonial reports and ethnographic records also inscribed inscrutable kinship matrices into intelligible 'colonial tribes'. The tribe idea transcended earlier concepts of clan and kinship. The technologies of writing and printing underpinned the formation of 'tribal'identity' under the Raj. Under favourable context and scale, print technology contributes to the emergence of privileged standard languages amidst Babel of tongues. The educated elite, in tum, often militantly conflated their evolving literary language with a new community identity. Moreover, ecclesiastical network and missionary magazines ironically nurtured a primitive public sphere - tribal ecumene - among 'interpretive communities' under restrictive colonial conditions. However limited the missionary literary lens might have been, vernacular book readers (at least in colonial Mizoram) managed to construct an 'imaginative geography' of their own 'homeland'. While the Mizos always had sentimental attachment to old village sites at particular places, an abstract 'Mizo homeland' as a generalised idea would have been irrelevant (if not unimaginable) in a pre-literate society. Through such 'ways of reading' the Word and the world, the educated elite harnessed aspects of old altruistic traditions to new uses. But it also uncritically shared, especially through Bible translation, sexist idioms and metaphors with pagan patriarchy. Ultimately, printing and reading are sites of linguistic contest, identity invention and gender contention.
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Marrazzo, Pasquale <1986>. "Evaluation of 3D cell culture systems for host-pathogen interaction studies." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7010/.
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Traditional cell culture models have limitations in extrapolating functional mechanisms that underlie strategies of microbial virulence. Indeed during the infection the pathogens adapt to different tissue-specific environmental factors. The development of in vitro models resembling human tissue physiology might allow the replacement of inaccurate or aberrant animal models. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems are more reliable and more predictive models that can be used for the meaningful dissection of host–pathogen interactions. The lung and gut mucosae often represent the first site of exposure to pathogens and provide a physical barrier against their entry. Within this context, the tracheobronchial and small intestine tract were modelled by tissue engineering approach. The main work was focused on the development and the extensive characterization of a human organotypic airway model, based on a mechanically supported co-culture of normal primary cells. The regained morphological features, the retrieved environmental factors and the presence of specific epithelial subsets resembled the native tissue organization. In addition, the respiratory model enabled the modular insertion of interesting cell types, such as innate immune cells or multipotent stromal cells, showing a functional ability to release pertinent cytokines differentially. Furthermore this model responded imitating known events occurring during the infection by Non-typeable H. influenzae. Epithelial organoid models, mimicking the small intestine tract, were used for a different explorative analysis of tissue-toxicity. Further experiments led to detection of a cell population targeted by C. difficile Toxin A and suggested a role in the impairment of the epithelial homeostasis by the bacterial virulence machinery. The described cell-centered strategy can afford critical insights in the evaluation of the host defence and pathogenic mechanisms. The application of these two models may provide an informing step that more coherently defines relevant molecular interactions happening during the infection.
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webb, sarah. "THE EXCHANGE: Curating Authenticity + Interaction." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4247.
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For a physical space to have an emotional impact on those who experience it, we must consider the connection and relationship between objects and experience, and how people make individual connections to insentient places. It is this symbiotic relationship that allows a building or space to attain a “soul”.
Through the adaptive re-use of a Richmond, Virginia building, this thesis project explores strategies of staging physical interaction and organic experiences through art and culture in the context of a mixed-use niche hotel.
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Oh, Hyunchul Henry. "Preaching as interaction between church and culture with specific reference to the Korean church /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04082004-101905/.
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Drizou, Fryni. "Elucidating the interaction between Brassica napus and Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-1." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49317/.
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Brassica napus, oilseed rape (OSR), is a worldwide cultivated crop belonging to the family Brassicaceae, broadly used in crop rotations with cereals. Production is focused on oil for human consumption, biodiesel and feedstock. OSR has undergone intensive breeding for optimization of oil content, disease resistance and augmentation of yields, and today is considered one of the most profitable crops. Nonetheless, oilseed rape is the primary host for the necrotrophic soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG) 2-1. Infection of seedlings causes damping off disease and decreases crop establishment and yields. AG 2-1 is the most prevalent AG of R. solani in wheat fields in the UK. Currently there is no OSR germplasm resistant to R. solani AG 2-1. Available control methods include cultural practices and chemical seed treatments, which aim to postpone the infection and hence improve crop establishment. Changes in agronomic practices and crop management, including choice of cultivars, tillage, application of fertilisers and pesticides, mean that there is a danger of future outbreaks of diseases that in the past were not considered as major problem. This includes R. solani AG 2-1 which can infect other rotational crops as well and due to its saprophytic nature remains in the fields for years. The aim of the PhD was to elucidate interactions between R. solani AG 2-1 and B. napus, by identifying potential resistant traits and understanding how the pathogen counteracts OSR plant defences. The first objective was to develop and compare different high-throughput screening methods that could be used for the phenotyping of OSR germplasm interactions with R. solani AG 2-1. Four methods were developed and compared: (1) nutrient media plates, (2) compost trays, (3) light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) trays and (4) a hydroponic pouch and wick system. Inoculation of LECA was the most suitable method for screening disease caused by AG 2-1 to OSR germplasm, because it allowed the detection of differences in disease severity between the tested OSR genotypes 5 days post infection (dpi) and also to conduct measurements in whole plants. The second objective was to identify any sources of disease resistance by screening a diversity of OSR germplasm. To start the screening, I selected randomly germplasm from commercial cultivars and parental lines of mapping populations that was available in our seed bank. Overall, the germplasm tested consisted of commercial cultivars, genotypes from diversity sets and a mapping population. All genotypes tested appeared to be susceptible to AG 2-1 infection as shown by high disease levels, reduced emergence and survival. Additionally, I tested if any induced defence responses from exposure to disease could be inherited in the next generation through an epigenetic stress response. However, all progeny plants were also highly susceptible indicating that there was no evidence for transgenerational induction of resistance in this system. The third objective was to gain insight into OSR plant defences when exposed to a combination of attacking organisms, as this often occurs in real field situations. I investigated the role of M. persicae infestation on OSR susceptibility to R. solani AG 2-1. There was no effect of AG 2-1 infection on aphid performance. However, M. persicae infestation resulted in significantly more disease symptoms in B. napus cv. ‘Canard’ plants although there were no significant differences in the amount of fungal DNA. Marker genes LOX3 and MYC2 had an augmented expression under AG 2-1 treatment but were downregulated in plants exposed to both aphids and pathogen. Hence, it appears that aphid infestation induced changes in the jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway, which resulted in the increased susceptibility to AG 2-1. In conclusion, the present work provided a new high-throughput screening method suitable to phenotype disease by AG 2-1 in the early seedling stage within a short time period. Unfortunately, the current results confirm previous studies indicating that AG 2-1 is an extremely aggressive isolate to OSR germplasm that lacks genetic resistance. Nonetheless, the observed differences between the germplasm tested in the present work suggest that there are potential tolerant traits. For the first time, the current work provided evidence that M. persicae infestation can negatively affect plant defences against R. solani AG 2-1, through suppression of genes involved in JA signalling. Additionally, it was demonstrated that R. solani AG 2-1 induces the activation of defence mechanism related to both JA and salicylic acid (SA) pathways. Future studies aiming to identify resistant/tolerant traits should screen wider Brassica germplasm, including wild species. Additionally, it will be particularly interesting to explore how R. solani overcomes OSR defences by examining the expression of a broader array of genes involved in plant defence mechanisms.
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Ramon-Portugal, Felipe. "Interaction de type killer entre levures : analyse cinétique, co-culture et modélisation." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT040G.
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Ce travail presente une etude des cinetiques fermentaires de deux levures de l'espece s. Cerevisiae, souches k1 et 522d, se developpant en culture pure et en co-culture dans un systeme batch. La souche k1 appartient au groupe des levures killer, elle secrete dans le milieu de culture une toxine de nature proteique qui provoque la mort d'autres levures, dont la souche 522d, appelees sensibles. Les experiences realisees en culture pure montrent que ces deux souches possedent des caracteristiques cinetiques tres semblables. Afin d'etablir le profil cinetique de production de la proteine killer, une methode de mesure quantitative de la toxicite a ete developpee. Elle permet d'estimer l'activite toxique dans un milieu liquide en presence d'une suspension de cellules sensibles. L'analyse des resultats obtenus a montre que la production de la toxine killer est couplee a la croissance levurienne. Cette methode a ete mise en uvre pour determiner, par un plan d'experience, les valeurs de la temperature et du ph d'incubation pour lesquelles la toxine killer exprime l'activite letale maximale. Une meilleure connaissance du comportement des souches dans differents contextes a permis d'une part de modeliser la croissance de s. Cerevisiae 522d se developpant en presence de la toxine, et d'autre part de simuler les croissances des souches k1 et 522d lors d'une co-culture. Les modeles mathematiques proposes lissent convenablement les resultats experimentaux. Enfin une etude en culture continue a montre que de tres faibles concentrations de souche killer sont capables de deplacer l'equilibre des populations et de s'implanter dans le milieu
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Najad, Benhayoun Majda. "Interaction des dérivés du polystyrène avec les cellules endotheliales humaines en culture." Paris 13, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA132024.
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Des microbilles de polystyrène substitué par des groupements sulfonates (psso#3-na) ou sulfamides d'acides aminés (psso#2-asp et psso#2-glu), présentant des propriètés antithrombiques analogues à celle de l'héparine, ont été utilisées comme supports pour la culture de cellules endotheliales de la veine ombilicale humaine. Pour cela, nous avons déterminé la cinétique de croissance de ces cellules sur ces billes en comparaison avec la croissance observée sur les boîtes de culture du commerce en polystyrène traité pour la culture. Nous avons également déterminé un aspect de leur fonctionnalité par l'étude de la production de protéines spécifiques de ces cellules. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les cellules endotheliales avaient une croissance normale sur les billes de psso#3-na, alors que sur les billes de psso#2asp et psso#2-glu, la croissance etait inhibée. L'interaction de ces cellules avec ces billes dépend d'au moins une protéine adhesive, la fibronectine. En effet, l'utilisation de cette protéine comme substrat biologique sur les billes a amélioré la croissance des cellules endotheliales sur les resines de psso#3-Na mais pas sur les resines de psso#2-asp et psso#2-glu. Si l'on observe que, quantitativement, les adsorptions de la fn sur ces diverses résines sont équivalentes, il semble y avoir une difference dans la conformation de la proteine adsorbee. L'étude de la production de certaines protéines caracteristiques (le facteur von willebrand, l'activateur tissulaire du plasminogene et son inhibiteur rapide, le pai) de la cellule endothéliale en culture sur les billes de psso#3-na a montré que l'absence éventuelle d'une de ces protéines dans les surnageants de culture sur billes proviendraient seulement d'une adsorption non spécifique sur les billes et non d'une inhibition des fonctions des cellules endotheliales par les billes elles-mêmes
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Lin, Stephanie. "Office Design and Organizational Culture as a Two-Way Street: A Discussion on the Interaction Between Design and Culture." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1400.
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In this thesis, I discuss how office design such as desk layouts interacts with organizational culture. Several questions motivate my study: 1) how office layout affects human interaction and work relationships; 2) how the physical setting affects the psychological and communicative aspects of work; 3) does the layout express or define culture. Physical design is bound together with organizational culture in an extricable and reciprocal relationship. The layout of the office fosters and encourages the cultural behavior of workers within the organization by the physical proximity of employees, while the organizational culture largely dominates the design and layout of the office. This interconnection ultimately affects how employees interact and communicate with one another. I explore the relationship between design and culture in steps, by explaining the progression and formation of culture, by showing that culture legitimizes layout and design, and by exploring how the culture and design foster and support organizational members’ behaviors. Office design and purpose have evolved over time because the nature of the members tasks and responsibilities are fluid and ever-changing; thus, the demand for interaction and communication changes, as well.
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Morales, Yamile. "Parent-Infant Interaction in a Latino Family." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/287.
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Child maltreatment is a significant public health problem that increases when children live in homes in which intimate partner violence (IPV) is present. Child maltreatment and IPV often co-occur, and the sequelae of IPV frequently appear in both the victimized mother and her children. Home visitation programs, such as SafeCare®, are used as intervention strategies to reduce the risk of child maltreatment, but rarely are these programs adapted for Latino populations. The importance of cultural sensitivity in parenting programs has been highlighted as a means of producing successful outcomes when working with Latino families. The present single-case research design study evaluated the efficacy of SafeCare's Parent-Infant Interaction (PII) module when delivered in Spanish to a Latino mother with prior experiences of IPV. Observational data were used to document changes in parenting behaviors, while self-report measures assessed exposure to IPV and changes in mental health, parenting stress, and the risk of child maltreatment. Qualitative data provided suggestions for culturally adapting PII for Latino families. Data from this study suggest that PII improves parent-infant interactions when delivered in Spanish and reduces the risk of child maltreatment. Additionally, self-report measures indicate that IPV, parent mental health distress, and the risk of child maltreatment co-occur. This study also shares with the field the importance of providing culturally adapted programs when working with Latino families.
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Munasinghe, Aroshine. "A Culture-Centered Design Approach to Improve a User Interface for Migrants." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214543.
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A web application known as the Virtual Volunteer has been developed by IBM, the International Federation Red Cross and the Red Crescent Movement. The aim of this application is to extend support to migrants beyond the physical help they receive. The application is also a resource for volunteers who want to help migrants. This paper explores how a culture-centered design approach can help to improve a user interface and enhance the usability for a global audience using Virtual Volunteer as a design case. By conducting multiple interviews and task completion tests with verbal protocols, the results present two independent redesigned prototypes. The culture-centered design approach yielded valuable feedback and data from the migrants that would not have been possible to collect from a more traditional approach like the one employed when creating the Virtual Volunteer in the first place. The results also revealed that all functions in the application were not clearly understandable for the migrants as they were for the Swedish volunteers. The overall results of the design case shows that a culture-centered design approach together with common usability methods are efficient to use when developing user interfaces for migrants and volunteers.IBM, Röda Korset och Röda Halvmånen, har tillsammans utvecklat en webbapplikation, Virtual Volunteer, till stöd för migranter som kommer till Sverige. Syftet med applikationen är att utöka stöd till migranter utöver den fysiska hjälp de får. Ett annat syfte är också att applikationen ska fungera som ett hjälpmedel för volontärer som vill hjälpa migranter. I den här studien undersöks hur en kulturcentrerad designmetod kan bidra till att förbättra användargränssnittet och användbarheten för en global publik genom att använda Virtual Volunteer som en designutmaning. Vi skapade två olika prototyper baserat på intervjuer och användartester med migranter och svenska volontärer. Den kulturcentrerade designmetoden gav mycket värdefull feedback och data från migranter jämfört med ett traditionellt tillvägagångssätt som i första hand användes vid skapandet av Virtual Volunteer. Resultaten av designarbetet och användarstudierna visar att designmetoder som tar hänsyn till kultur kan vara en effektiv metod för att utveckla gränssnitt som riktar sig till migranter såväl som svenska volontärer.
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Li, Hui. "ASPECTS OF HIDDEN CHINESE CULTURE REVEALED IN AN AMERICAN UNIVERSITY CLASSROOM." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243473247.
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Morin, Alexis. "Lin'guage : Self-Directed In-Country Language Learning for Cultural Integration." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen Designhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-72755.
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There are more than 175 million migrant workers around the world. For example, 25% of the population of Singapore is comprised of migrants. As a result, social alienation arises from the language gap needing to be bridged. This gap oftentimes causes high (and unnecessary) levels of stress in the lives of these migrants.Mentally preparing for such a migration is but one of the steps which can help alleviate the stress cause by acculturation. Learning the local language and cultural mannerisms can help migrants better prepare for moving to a different country. Inspired by an immigrant mother who has learned French in order to adapt to her surroundings and many friends in similar situations, much background research was also performed in order to properly frame such broad language learning service. Testing over 28 existing language learning solutions, performing over 15 interviews and observing many learners in the wild contributed to the construction of many functional language learning prototypes. [Language Acquisition Projects], [Guided Conversation], [Social Profiler], [Lockscreen Flashcards] and even more prototypes were built as quickly as possible and tested with potential learners in order to validate their effectiveness, effectiveness for retention and fun factor. These prototypes were refined and packaged into the lin’guage service, a tool comprised of mobile software, a personal dictionary and language-specific branded objects; all of which could be used anywhere in the world to learn the local language wherever migrants move. The software is made for busy people, presenting fun learning challenges tailor-picked for learners which only take between 1 and 5 minutes to complete. Designed as a framework, lin’guage can be used to learn any language from any language. (A German speaker could learn Korean, or a Swedish speaker could learn Chinese).
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Castro, Mike. "Cytokine Modulation of Cardiomyocyte-Macrophage Interaction." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright157858331333014.
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Costa, Andréia Lopes da. "Análise de guias culturais da Área de negociação à luz da teoria da Inteligência Cultural: o caso da cultura árabe." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8154/tde-03032010-105703/.
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Este trabalho traz um exame dos guias classificados como culturais, e elaborados especificamente para a área de comércio internacional. Procura verificar a qualidade das informações neles contida a respeito da cultura em geral e da cultura árabe em particular, e também sua eficácia no processo de contato intercultural, verificando se de fato cumprem seu papel de guiar o leitor rumo ao conhecimento das características culturais do país alvo, com a intenção de possibilitar e facilitar o contato entre diferentes culturas. O exame desses guias é feito a luz da Inteligência Cultural, conceito relativamente novo que propõe o desenvolvimento de habilidades e de flexibilidade para aprender e assimilar aspectos de uma cultura.This work brings an examination of the guides classified as cultural guides, elaborated specifically for the area of international commerce. Its aim is to verify the quality of the information contained in them about culture in general and, the Arab culture particularly; and so its efficiency in the process of intercultural contact, verifying whether in fact they fulfill the role of guiding the reader onto the path of knowledge of cultural characteristics about a particular country, with the intention of making contact possible and facilitating the contact between different cultures. The examination of these guides is made through the theory of Cultural Intelligence, a concept relatively new which is centered on the development of skills and flexibility to learn and assimilate aspects of a new culture.
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Luyt, Natasha Alethea. "Interaction of multiple yeast species during fermentation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97013.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts together with the yeast S. cerevisiae in multistarter wine fermentations has emerged as a useful tool to modulate wine aroma and/or to decrease the concentration of undesirable compounds. However, upon inoculation, these yeast species do not co-exist passively, but interact in various ways. While competition for nutrients and the excretion of killer toxins in an antagonistic relationship are obvious and well established types of interactions, some studies have suggested the existence of other forms of cellular or molecular interactions. One of these includes physical cell-cell contact and to our knowledge, only one previous study has confirmed its existence in wine yeasts. Yeast interactions are also influenced by other factors, such as ethanol concentration, however some studies have highlighted the role that dissolved oxygen plays on the survival of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and their ability to compete for space with S. cerevisiae and little research has focused on this. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of a physical cell-cell and/or metabolic interaction between S. cerevisiae and L. thermotolerans in mixed culture fermentations of synthetic grape must. For this purpose, fermentations in a Double Compartment Bioreactor (DCB) which separates yeast population through the use of a membrane were compared to mixed fermentations in the absence of the membrane, using the same reactor. Furthermore, the impact of oxygen supply on yeast behaviour was also assessed. Following mixed culture fermentations in a DCB, it was observed that the presence of S. cerevisiae led to a significant decline in viability in L. thermotolerans. This decline was significantly less prominent in mixed cultures where the cells were in indirect contact. Together, the data provided evidence for both cell-cell and metabolic interactions whereby S. cerevisiae had a strong negative influence on the growth of L. thermotolerans. However, it was also observed that L. thermotolerans had some negative impact on the growth of S. cerevisiae, leading to a reduction in biomass (when in indirect contact) and a reduced maximum CFU/mL compared to pure cultures. The data also suggest that direct physical contact may increase the production of glycerol and propanol, but this needs further investigation. By decreasing the frequency at which oxygen pulses were provided, a reduction in biomass and increase in fermentation duration was observed for all fermentations. However, this effect was somewhat reduced in mixed cultures. Here, no impact on fermentation duration was observed and the decrease in biomass was less compared to pure cultures. The impact of these oxygen pulses was also greater on L. thermotolerans. In the latter yeast’s pure culture a slight increase in glycerol was observed when less oxygen was provided and in general there appeared to be no impact on acetic acid production. Furthermore, there was little or no impact on volatile production, however, more repeats might reveal different results and therefore more research is needed to confirm these results. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to confirm a physical cell-cell interaction between the yeast pair S. cerevisiae and L. thermotolerans.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van nie-Saccharomyces gis saam met die gis S. cerevisiae in multi-inokuleringskulture het die afgelope paar jaar as n goeie hulpmiddel na vore gekom om wyn aroma te moduleer en/of om die konsentrasie van ongewensde verbindings te verminder. Sodra inokulasie plaasgevind het, het hierdie gis die potensiaal om op verskeie maniere teenoor mekaar te reageer. Kompetisie vir nutriente en die afskeiding van toksiese verbindings in n antagonistiese verhouding is alreeds goed beskryf in die literatuur. Somige studies het, alhoewel, die bestaan van ander vorme van sellulêre of molekulêre interaksies voorgestel. Een van hierdie sluit in n fisiese sell-sell interaksie en so ver as wat ons kennis strek, het nog net een studie van tevore so ‘n interaksie bevestig tussen wyn giste. Gis interaksies word ook beïnvloed deur ander faktore, soos byvoorbeeld etanol konsentrasie. Terwyl sommige studies die rol wat opgelosde suurstof speel in die oorlewing van nie-Saccharomyces gis en hulle vermoë om te kompeteer vir spasie met S. cerevisiae alreeds beklemtoon, het min navorsing al hierop gefokus. Hierdie studie het gestreef om die voorkoms van n fisiese sell-sell en/of metaboliese interaksie tussen S. cerevisie en L. thermotolerans in gemengde kultuur fermentasies van sintetiese druiwe sap te ondersoek. Vir hierdie doeleinde was fermentasies uitgevoer met behulp van ‘n Dubbel Kompartement Bioreaktor (DKB) wat gis populasies skei deur middel van ‘n membraan en hierdie was vergelyk met gemengde kultuur fermentasies sonder die membraan in dieselfde reaktor sisteem. Verder was die impak van suurstof toevoer op gis gedrag ook geassesseer. Na afloop van gemengde kultuur fermentasies in ‘n DKB, was daar waargeneem dat die teenwoordigheid van S. cerevisiae gelei het tot ‘n betekenisvolle afname in lewensvatbaarheid in L. thermotolerans. Hierdie afname was aansienlik minder in gemengde kulture waar die gis in indirekte kontak was. Saam verskaf hierdie data bewyse vir n sell-sell asook metaboliese interaksie waardeur S. cerevisiae ‘n sterk, negatiewe invloed op die groei van L. thermotolerans gehad het. Daar was egter ook waargeneem dat L. thermotolerans tot ‘n mindere mate ‘n negatiewe impak op die groei van S. cerevisiae gehad het en dat dit gelei het tot ‘n verlaging in biomassa (toe die gis in indirekte kontak was) en ‘n verlaagde maksimum CFU/mL in vergelyking met suiwer kulture. Die data dui ook aan dat fisiese kontak kon gelei het tot ‘n verhoging in gliserol en propanol produksie, maar hierdie kort verdere ondersoek. Deur die frekwensie te verminder waardeur suurstof pulse aan die fermentasies verskaf was, was ‘n verlaging in biomassa produksie en ‘n verlenging in fermentasie tydperk waargeneem. Hierdie tendense was waargeneem in almal, behalwe die gemengde kultuur fermentasies. Die effek van suurstof puls verlaging was minder op hierdie fermentasies aangesien daar geen impak op fermentasie tydperk was nie en die verlaging in biomassa minder was. Die impak van hierdie suurstof pulse was ook groter op L. thermotolerans. ‘n Klein toename in gliserol produksie was waargeneem in laasgenoemde gis se suiwer kultuur toe minder suurstof beskikbaar was en oor die algemeen was asynsuur onveranderd. Verder was daar ‘n klein of geen impak op vlugtige verbindings nie, alhoewel, meer herhalings mag verskillende resultate lewer en daarom is meer navorsing nodig om hierde resultate te bevestig. So ver as wat ons kennis strek is hierdie die eerste studie van sy soort om ‘n fisiese sell-sell interaksie tussen die gispaar S. cerevisiae en L. thermotolerans te bevestig.
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Jackson, Kenneth. "Culture and government : an analysis of the interaction between formal and informal institutions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27094.
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Institutions are the key to economic development. While the community of development
economists appear to have converged on this assessment, our understanding of the
specific role of institutions remains extremely limited. In particular, economists have
avoided the question of how government institutions interact with cultural factors that
vary around the world. The three papers in this thesis address this question with respect
to ethnic identity and social norms.
Chapters 2 and 3 focus on the role of ethnic diversity in determining the effectiveness
of governance in Sub-Saharan Africa. The existing literature has demonstrated a
tenuous link between diversity and ineffective governance, but many questions remain.
Chapter 2 demonstrates that ethnic diversity has a significant negative effect on the
provision of piped drinking water and electricity across a large sample of countries from
Sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, it is demonstrated that the geographic scale of diversity
measurement is critical to the analysis. Local diversity is negatively associated with
an inherently local good, piped water, whereas regional diversity is negatively associated
with a good provided regionally, electricity. This link between the scale of provision and
the measurement of diversity is a key finding that should inform future work on diversity.
Chapter 3 extends this analysis to consider why ethnic diversity matters for the provision
of public goods. Including the two mechanisms suggested in the literature within
a single model demonstrates that the key difference between them is the distribution of
household access across ethnic groups. The empirical section of the chapter then provides
evidence that ineffective governing institutions are the critical factor connecting
local ethnic diversity to low levels of piped drinking water across Sub-Saharan Africa.
Finally, chapter 4 focuses on the dynamic interaction between government institutions
and social norms of honesty. While government institutions can be effective in
promoting social capital development, there exists a social capital trap. For countries
with social capital below this level, advances in government institutions will not improve
the social environment. Further, social divisions caused by ethnic heterogeneity
or economic inequality may increase the minimum level of social capital necessary to
escape this institutional trap.
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Uszak-Woronowicz, Alicja. "Trypanosoma cruzi, study on parasite culture conditions and non-phagocytic host cell interaction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63381.pdf.
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Cooper, E. "The nature of scaffolding interaction : mother and child contribution across time and culture." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2018. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17883/.
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Children's learning within the home can be characterised by variety in the cognitive, behavioural and affective contributions of both mother and child, as well as by the wider environmental influences on family functioning. The concept of scaffolding may be useful for understanding home learning processes and provide a framework for new knowledge in order to develop a better understanding of what is required for successful learning at home. The research has three main aims based on an adaptation of the Process-Person- Context-Time (PPCT) model of development (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006). The first aim was to investigate the role of the child's behaviour during scaffolding interactions, test the inter-relationship between the child's and mother's behaviours and to identify how variations in these behaviours impact mutual intersubjectivity. The second aim was to examine how person characteristics of the mother and child, along with the home environment, contribute to the process of scaffolding across time. The third aim was to conduct a preliminary study in Russia and to test cross-cultural patterns and their determinants between UK and Russian families. A longitudinal cross-cultural design has been adopted with two-time point measurements in England, approximately seven months apart, and cross-sectional design in Russia. Using non-probability sampling methodology, 68 dyads (children, four - five years old) were recruited for the English sample and 16 dyads took part in the Russian study. The research used cross-informant methodology to collect data during home visits and through observation of scaffolding interactions during simple problem-solving tasks. The results contribute to the base of existing knowledge with a number of findings: 1) the scaffolding process is bidirectional with unique contributions from mother and child; 2) intersubjectivity within the dyad is important in understanding scaffolding interactions across time; 3) individual differences in maternal emotional and social abilities, but not parenting aspects, predict maternal scaffolding behaviour; 4) child's cognitive and emotional abilities explained their behaviour later in time; 5) number of siblings played an important role in the mother's and child's behaviour, while household chaos was not significant; 6) the cultural context plays a unique role in shaping scaffolding practices within families.
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Kane, Melissa Marie. "Communicating tea : an ethnography of social interaction and relationship construction in the Japanese tea ritual /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8245.
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Sanchez, Christine. "Aging with Identity: Integrating Culture into Senior Housing." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002669.
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Khushman, S. A. "The relationship between culture and e-business website acceptance : a comparative study of Arab and UK cultures." Thesis, Coventry University, 2010. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/526eb337-bef3-ba3d-8efa-2c765fca34b6/1.
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Previous research into website and e-business acceptance and usage has not been completely successful in establishing how this links with factors related to culture. Furthermore, most new technologies have originated within a developed cultural context—namely the United States and Western Europe. Consequently, when new technology transfers to different cultural settings we can predict some sort of cultural gap because of their technology acceptance modes. Most studies have focused on technology transfer into the developed countries with an a priori assumption about the fit of that technology without taking into consideration cultural values that would make impact its ultimate uptake and acceptance. Few of these studies have tried to investigate how Arab cultural values could influence general acceptance and use of e-business websites. The aim of this study is to explain the influence of culture on a user's acceptance behaviour and to develop a new website acceptance model that includes cultural variables. The researcher reviewed the existing literature related to culture, technology acceptance theories, Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and e-business. A Culturally- Sensitive Technology Acceptance Model (CTAM) was devised and a pilot study conducted to test the cultural variables considered relevant. Along with Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Cultural Variables and Website Quality, these variables affect user Intention to Use e-business websites. The research combines both qualitative and quantitative methods to reflect the nature of the research problem and to determine whether any relationships between variables can be identified to determine behavioural patterns. A random sample consisting of 623 respondents was drawn from Arab and UK tourists visiting Jordanian tourist sites. A survey questionnaire and semi-structured interview were employed to obtain data from the selected sample. Questions contained in the questionnaire were derived from existing literature and were piloted to enhance its reliability and validity. Statistical methods were used to analyse the data in three main phases. The first phase aimed to establish that there were differences between the Arab and UK samples in terms of e-business website acceptance. This was found to be the case. The second phase aimed to establish that these differences were directly related to culture. Again, the results confirmed that there was a significant relationship between cultural variables and ebusiness website acceptance. In the third phase, a multiple regression analysis was applied to find the relationship between the independent variables (Website Quality, Cultural Variables, Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use) and the dependent variable (Intension to Use). The results show that some of the cultural variables are not significant for either sample. Within the Arab sample, Trust, Tangibility, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance and Individualism were found to be significant but Subjective Norms and Masculinity were not. For the UK sample Trust, Power Distance and Individualism were significant but Tangibility, Subjective Norms, Masculinity and Uncertainty Avoidance were not. Hence, the results show that cultural variables have a significant impact on user acceptance of e-business websites and Davies’ 1989 original and general Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was found to be moderately applicable in an Arab milieu. However, not only do the Arab and UK groups have different preferences in website quality (such as website design, content, etc), but there are also differences in the acceptance process. For the UK, acceptance is routed through design preferences, usefulness and attitude of satisfaction. However, for the Arabs, it seems to be determined by ease of use. The results also indicate that factors such as tangibility and trust are playing an important role in determining website acceptance in Arab countries.
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Al, Sahyouni Bou Fadel Reine. "TIC et apprentissage de l'interculturalité." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30020/document.
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Cette thèse de doctorat a pour finalité de conduire une réflexion informée expérimentalement sur le rôle, voire sur la fonction des TIC dans le processus d’acquisition de L.E et sur l’apprentissage de l’interculturalité et l’ouverture à l’autre. Elle vise également à évaluer le potentiel acquisitionnel des élèves en matière de connaissances, de compétences, de communication et d’ouverture à d’autres cultures. La problématique soutenue par cette recherche est également en rapport avec le rôle que jouent les TIC dans le processus d’apprentissage en milieu scolaire primaire : Dans quelle mesure ces nouvelles technologies participent au développement des compétences des jeunes en matière de langue française et d'interculturalité ? Les TIC permettent de faire des simulations de divers phénomènes (physiques, historiques…), elles offrent aux élèves des moyens très diversifiés de se rendre compte des compétences et des connaissances qu’ils peuvent développer tout en réveillant leur curiosité ainsi que leur motivation. Le terrain de recherche est basé sur deux expérience concrètes de formation à la langue et à la culture française par la mise en réseau d'établissement scolaire dans différents pays francophones utilisant chacune les TIC. La méthode du travail repose sur l'observation des pratiques des élèves et leur évolution dans la connaissance de l'autre d'où l'interculturalité, une analyse de contenu de site web, des enquêtes par entretiens semi-directifs ainsi que par questionnaire auprès des élèves et des enseignantsThis thesis has aimed at conducting experimentally informed reflection on the role or the function of ICT in the process of acquisition of LE and learning of multiculturalism and openness to the other. It also aims to evaluate the potential of students’ acquisitionnel in knowledge, skills, communication and openness to other cultures. The research supported by this problem is also related to the role of ICT in the learning process in primary school: To what extent these new technologies involved in developing young people's skills in the field of French language and intercultural? ICT allow for simulations of various phenomena (physical, historical ...), they provide students with very diverse ways to realize the skills and knowledge they can develop while awakening their curiosity and motivation. Field research is based on two concrete learning experience language and French culture through networking school in various Francophone countries each using ICT. The method of work based on the observation of the practices of students and their evolution in the knowledge of the other where interculturalism , an analysis of web site content , surveys by semi -structured interviews and questionnaire with students and teachers
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Sutton, Tessa R. "Exploring the third culture building approach for effective cross-cultural interaction for Black American professionals in predominantly white institutions." Scholarly Commons, 2013. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/850.
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Professional interactions that are both functional and mutually beneficial are rare. The purpose of this study is to explore an application of a Third Culture Building (TCB) approach, a mutually constructed interpersonal process between two individuals, for Black American professionals (with advanced knowledge acquired from institutions of higher learning), to generate a new space in Predominantly White Institutions (PWis). These institutions include settings where the racial composition is becoming consistently more diverse (through past desegregation efforts). Although the U.S. has moved beyond integration and the monumental Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, racism and intercultural barriers that prevent functional cross-cultural communication still exist in these settings.
This research is directed toward answering the question: How might Black American professionals generate a Third Culture space in PWis through cross-cultural social exchange? The research builds on my previous study where the TCB approach was found to be conducive for the intercultural barriers faced by Black Americans in PWis. The research emphasizes the perspective of Black Americans and de-emphasizes the perspective of White Americans, given the body of literature that points to their adaptation and intercultural interactions in the U.S. and in international contexts.
A sample of six Black American professionals (ages 30 to 72; 4 men and 4 women) from my baseline study was invited to take part in this study. Respondents were chosen based on their backgrounds and similarity of race, to learn about their perspectives of the intercultural interactions in PWis. Participants live in the Midwest region of the U.S.
Using interpretive, critical theory, and other qualitative approaches, the discussions from a focus group and interviews were transcribed and combined with the interviewer's notes. The participants' responses were organized around TCB frameworks and the interview questions, and then reduced to codes. Two evaluators reviewed the interview data, codes, and themes.
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Gunning, Barbara L. "The Role that Humor Plays in Shaping Organizational Culture." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1101326392.
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Schoving, Celine. "Analyse écophysiologique et modélisation dynamique des intéractions génotype x environnement x conduite de culture chez le soja." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0009.
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Le soja (Glycine max. (L.) Merrill) est une culture légumineuse ne nécessitant pas d’engrais azoté, conduite avec peu de traitements phytosanitaires, présentant un bilan «gaz à effet de serre» très favorable et fournissant des graines riches en protéines (38 à 42 % de la matière sèche). L’eau est le principal facteur limitant de la production de soja (Merrien, 1994), en particulier pour les systèmes de culture du Sud-Ouest de la France confrontés au changement climatique (sécheresses plus fréquentes) et à la pression grandissante sur l’utilisation des ressources en eau pour l’irrigation. Un déficit hydrique imposé durant la période de remplissage des graines s’avère très pénalisant pour le rendement du soja (Pardo et al., 2015). Face à des contextes de production diversifiés et diversement contraints par l’eau, les caractéristiques de la variété prennent de plus en plus de poids (Maury et al. 2015). La démarche mise en œuvre dans la thèse repose sur trois approches bien connectées : (i) l’analyse de processus physiologiques en conditions contrôlées et le phénotypage variétal (i.e. la réponse de la phénologie à la température et à la photopériode pour une large gamme variétale), (ii) l’évaluation des interactions génotypeenvironnement-conduite culturale (IGEC) pour des variétés de référence au champ avec différentes dates de semis et conduites hydriques, et (iii) la modélisation dynamique des IGEC. La réponse de 10 génotypes au dessèchement progressif du sol a été évaluée en 2017 et 2018 sur la plateforme Heliaphen. La réponse de la germination à la température a été étudiée pour caractériser les températures cardinales des génotypes étudiés. Elle a été complétée par une expérimentation en pots sur la plateforme Heliaphen, mettant en jeu plusieurs dates de semis de mars à juillet, pour étudier la réponse de ces génotypes à la photopériode et à la température. Les informations recueillies au cours de ces deux expérimentations ont permis de développer et calibrer un algorithme simplifié de phénologie (dit SPA). Des expérimentations au champ combinant différentes dates de semis et conduites hydriques ont été réalisées dans le cadre du projet Sojamip (2010-2014) et de la thèse (2017-2018). Toutes ces données, produites en Occitanie (de Toulouse à Béziers), ont permis de calibrer et d’évaluer le modèle STICS pour le soja. Le modèle a pu être utilisé pour effectuer un diagnostic a posteriori des conditions rencontrées par les génotypes au champ. Nos résultats montrent la diversité des réponses pour une gamme représentatives des génotypes de soja cultivés en Europe vis-à-vis de la photopériode, de la température et du stress hydrique. Les performances satisfaisantes de l’algorithme de phénologie ont permis d’explorer les zones de culture des variétés étudiées sous les climats actuels et futurs en France. L’étude de la réponse au stress hydrique a permis de mettre en évidence des génotypes qui maintiennent plus ou moins longtemps leur fonctionnement stomatique (types « conservateur » et « performant »). Les performances du modèle STICS ont été satisfaisantes, sauf pour la simulation du rendement et des caractéristiques du grain (huile, azote), mettant en évidence le besoin d’une adaptation des formalismes pour le soja. Le modèle a pu être utilisé pour diagnostiquer les conditions expérimentales au champ à partir d’indices de stress. Ce diagnostic a permis de montrer l’intérêt du semis précoce pour décaler le cycle du soja et ainsi réduire l’intensité et la durée des stress hydriques subis. En conclusion, nous avons montré que l’étude intégrée des IGEC est nécessaire pour comprendre les situations auxquelles les plantes de soja ont dû faire face. Il sera nécessaire de poursuivre la démarche d’exploration en utilisant le modèle STICS pour tester de nombreuses conduites culturales et traits variétaux. Cette perspective permettra de proposer des idéotypes de soja pour les environnements contraints par l’eau en France voire en EuropeSoybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merrill) is a leguminous crop that does not require nitrogen fertilizer, which is grown with few pesticides, has a very good greenhouse gas balance and provides protein-rich seeds (38 to 42% of the dry matter on average). Water is the main limiting factor in soybean production (Merrien, 1994), particularly for cropping systems in southwestern France facing the context of climate change (more frequent droughts) and increasing pressure on the use of water resources for irrigation. A water deficit imposed during the seed filling period is particularly detrimental to soybean yield (Pardo et al., 2015). Facing diversified and diverse production contexts constrained by water, the characteristics of the variety are becoming increasingly important (Maury et al. 2015). The approach implemented in the thesis is based on three wellconnected approaches: (i) analysis of key physiological processes under controlled conditions and varietal phenotyping (i.e. phenology response to temperature and photoperiod over a wide varietal range), (ii) evaluation of genotype-environment-crop management interactions (GEMI) for field reference varieties with different planting dates and water management, and (iii) dynamic modelling of GEMI. The response of 10 genotypes to progressive soil drying was evaluated in 2017 and 2018 on the Heliaphen outdoor platform. The germination response to temperature was studied to characterize the cardinal temperatures of the genotypes tested. It was completed by a pot experiment on the Heliaphen platform, involving several planting dates from March to July, to study the response of these same genotypes to photoperiod and temperature. The information collected during these two experiments made it possible to develop and calibrate a simplified phenology algorithm (SPA). Field experiments combining different planting dates and water managements were carried out as part of the Sojamip project (2010-2014) and the thesis (2017- 2018). All these data, produced in the Occitanie region (from Toulouse to Béziers), made it possible to calibrate and evaluate the STICS model for Soybean. The model could be used to perform a posteriori diagnosis of the conditions encountered by genotypes in the field. Our results show the diversity of responses of soybean genotypes grown in Europe to photoperiod, temperature and water stress. The satisfactory performance of the phenology algorithm made it possible to explore the cultivation areas of the varieties studied under current and future climates in France. The study of the response to water stress made it possible to identify genotypes that maintain their stomatal functioning for a longer or shorter period of time ("conservative" vs "efficient" types). The performance of the STICS model was satisfactory, except for the simulation of the yield and characteristics of the grain (oil, nitrogen), highlighting the need for an adaptation of the formalisms for soybean. The model was able to be used to diagnose experimental conditions in the field through the calculation of stress indices. This diagnosis made it possible to show the interest of early planting to delay the soybean cycle and thus reduce the intensity and duration of water stress. In conclusion, we have shown that the integrated study of GEMIs is necessary to understand the situations that soybean plants have faced. However, it will be necessary to continue the exploration process using STICS to be able to test many cultural practices and varietal traits. This perspective will make it possible to propose soybean ideotypes for waterconstrained environments in France and possibly Europe
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Viren, Vejoya. "Making meaning of conflict: A qualitative inquiry in two preschool classrooms." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27526.
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This qualitative study was conducted to examine the phenomenon of conflict as a relational process as it is played out in the natural settings of two classrooms. The researcher sought to explore the developmental potential that conflict affords children as they try to make meaning of their relationships within the peer culture. It breaks away from the cyclical and linear models of conflict interactions as it tries to understand the reciprocal role of individual and culture in the initiation, sustenance, and resolution of peer conflicts. The study was also designed to explore the researcher role as participator and observer on a continuum with participant at one extreme and observer on the other.
Data for the study were collected through participant observations over a period of two semesters for the first study and five weeks for the second. The purpose was to examine disputes, particularly verbal exchanges made during these disputes, for insights of the child's understanding of the peer dynamics and culture that prevailed in the classrooms. Interpretive analysis of these disputes helped to embed the interactive events in their historical and sociocultural contexts.
The results of this study increase our understanding of the developmental aspects of conflict and give us a glimpse of the meaning children make of their disputes. It reinforces the view that (a) children are capable of managing their conflicts without much adult intervention, (b) that the larger peer culture often dictates the initiation and outcome of conflicts, and (c) that conflicts provide an ideal opportunity for children to develop perspective taking and for testing the terms of their relationship with peers.Ph. D.
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Kaiser, Karen. "The impact of culture and social interaction for cancer survivors' understandings of their disease." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3219916.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Sociology, 2006."Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 26, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: A, page: 2326. Adviser: Jane McLeod.
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Chepda, Thierry. "Biodisponibilité et interaction de l'ascorbate et du tocophérol dans un milieu de culture cellulaire." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STET002T.
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Roussie, Martine. "Liaison et activité biologiques des hormones gonadotropes aux cellules de granulosa humaines in vitro." Tours, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOUR3805.
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Goh, Kar Mun. "Induction of defence response in lignin biosynthesis of Elaeis guineensis during an interaction with Ganoderma boninense." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33466/.
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Oil palm is a dynamic economic crop that provides good income and is a source of dietary energy for the global population by palm oil. However, oil palm has low resistance to basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma boninense. It is hypothesised that the process of cell wall lignification could serve as the first line of defence in oil palm. Lignification delays the infection progress of G. boninense. This present study evaluated the underlying molecular and biochemical lignin biosynthesis events and the quantification and deposition patterns of lignin in oil palm upon G. boninense infection. In this study, an artificial in planta infection system was used to inoculate one month-old oil palm plantlets with G. boninense (GBLS strain) at three levels of treatments (control, T1; wounded, T2 and infected, T3). Post-infection analyses were conducted at 2 day intervals for a period of 8 days. The analyses included the disease severity index (DSI) and physical properties of the plantlets (height, weight, stem diameter, root length and leaf chlorophyll content), the degree of G. boninense colonisation on plantlets stem tissues, total phenolic content and total amount of G. boninense DNA in planta. The results showed a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in the leaf chlorophyll content (from 32.59 to 12.61 SPAD) and severe deterioration of the internal stem tissues. Escalation of DSI values (from 5.56 to 70.37%), total phenolic contents (from 1.78 to 3.07 mg g-1) and the quantity of G. boninense DNA (from 4.04 to 757.15 mg g-1) in the infected (T3) plantlets on 8 day post-inoculation (DPI) were observed. These differences (P > 0.05) were absent in control (T1) and wounded (T2) plantlets. Colorimetric enzyme assays and quantitative PCR amplifications (qPCR) were carried out to assess the enzyme activities and relative gene expressions of intermediate enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C4H; caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, COMT; cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, CAD) for lignin biosynthesis in oil palm plantlets. Enzyme activities of PAL, C4H and COMT were generally induced in infected plantlets, except for CAD which was reduced in all plantlets throughout the experiment. Meanwhile, relative expression of EgPAL, EgCOMT and EgCAD were up-regulated in infected plantlets by 3 to 6 fold at 2 to 4 DPI as compared to the control plantlets, except for EgC4H which was initially down-regulated, but was induced later at 8 DPI with the highest change recorded of 13.22. A biphasic transient induction pattern of lignin biosynthesis genes was observed in oil palm plantlets upon infection by G. boninense. The lignothioglycolic acid (LTGA) assay, histochemical staining with toluidine blue-O (TBO), Maúle reagent and phloroglucinol-HCl and gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a flame ionisation detector (FID) were used to estimate and detect the total lignin content, lignin deposition patterns and the composition of lignin derivatives such as syringaldehyde and vanillin, respectively. Results showed the infected plantlets scored the highest level of total lignin content at 93.63 TGA g-1 derivatives at 8 DPI. Lignin was mainly deposited on the collenchyma and cuticle layers, as observed via staining with TBO and Maúle reagents, but red colouration from phloroglucinol-HCl, which stained for guaiacyl-lignin was absent in all specimens. Total amounts of syringaldehyde and vanillin increased in infected plantlets at 6 DPI, with higher increment of vanillin (353%) than syringaldehyde (59%) content. From this study, an early induction of lignification in oil palm was confirmed in response to the infection of G. boninense. This resulted in the accumulation and deposition of lignin compounds in the cell walls of oil palm. An increase in lignin content of oil palm was believed to have enhanced its tolerance towards G. boninense infection and delayed the progression of BSR disease, which could be a temporary solution to the BSR problem in oil palm. Further research for an effective cure or prevention is required.
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Dong, Pingrong. "Identity and style in intercultural institutional interaction : a multi-modal analysis of supervision sessions between British academics and Chinese students." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=56253.
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Versluys, Cornelia. "Creative interaction between Australian aboriginal spirituality and biblical spirituality." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Fornander, Elin. "Consuming and communicating identities : Dietary diversity and interaction in Middle Neolithic Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-62020.
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Isotope analyses on human and faunal skeletal remains from different Swedish Neolithic archaeological contexts are here applied as a means to reconstruct dietary strategies and mobility patterns. The chronological emphasis is on the Middle Neolithic period, and radiocarbon dating constitutes another central focus. The results reveal a food cultural diversity throughout the period in question, where dietary differences in part correspond to, but also transcend, the traditionally defined archaeological cultures in the Swedish Early to Middle Neolithic. Further, these differences, and the apparent continued utilisation of marine resources in several regions and cultural contexts, can only in part be explained by chronology or availability of resources depending on geographic location. Thus, the sometimes suggested sharp economic shift towards an agricultural way of life at the onset of the Neolithic is refuted. Taking the potential of isotope analyses a step further, aspects of Neolithic social relations and identities are discussed, partly from a food cultural perspective embarking from the obtained results. Relations between people and places, as well as to the past, are discussed. The apparent tenacity in the dietary strategies observed is understood in terms of their rootedness in the practices and social memory of the Neolithic societies in question. Food cultural practices are further argued to have given rise to different notions of identity, some of which can be related to the different archaeological cultures, although these cultures are not to be perceived as bounded entities or the sole basis of self-conceptualisation. Some of these identities have been focused around the dietary strategies of everyday life, whereas others emanate from practices, e.g. of ritualised character, whose dietary importance has been more marginal. Isotope analyses, when combined with other archaeological indices, have the potential to elucidate both these food cultural aspects.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Submitted. Paper 5: In press. Paper 6: Accepted.
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Fernandes, Cinthia Votto. "Eu gosto de brincar com os do meu tamanho!: culturas infantis e cultura escolar - entrelaçamentos para o pertencimento etário na instituição escolar." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15690.
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Este estudo consiste em uma pesquisa qualitativa cuja proposta foi investigar como as crianças, em suas interações, produzem significados em relação ao seu pertencimento a um grupo etário e com outro grupo de idade na instituição escolar, com o objetivo de evidenciar o que as crianças pensam e como são as suas relações na escola graduadas por idades, bem como as relações entre os grupos de crianças. Foram utilizadas as seguintes estratégias metodológicas: observações participantes e entrevistas coletivas. Participaram da pesquisa 29 crianças entre cinco e nove anos de idade da EI e do EF de uma mesma instituição escolar, situada no município de Porto Alegre. O estudo foi realizado com esses dois níveis de ensino, pois eles apresentam expectativas e finalidades educativas diferenciadas, podendo ocorrer dessemelhanças entre as formas como as crianças dos dois grupos vivem na escola, através das seguintes categorias: o tempo e o espaço escolar, as práticas adultocêntricas, os rituais e significados sociais em relação à idade, o brincar e as possibilidades de relação entre os grupos, as diferenciações etárias entre as crianças, protagonismos destas e o grupo etário enquanto um sub-geração. São apresentados os significados construídos pelas crianças frente ao pertencimento etário, as práticas diferenciadas dos grupos pela determinação espaçotemporal da escola, juntamente com os estatutos que elas recebem em cada nível de ensino, os protagonismos que as crianças realizam para garantir na escola as culturas infantis e a problematização da idade como o fator que forma uma sub-geração.This study consists in a qualitative research whose proposal was to investigate how children, in their interactions, give meanings in relation to their belonging to an age group and to other age groups, in school institution, intending to highlight what children think and how are their relationships in a school graded by ages as well how are relationships among groups of children. The following methodological strategies were used: participant observations and collective interviews. Participated of the research 29 (twenty-nine) children between 5 (five) and 9 (nine) years old from CS (Child School) and from BE (Basic Education) of the same school institution, located in Porto Alegre City. The study was made with these two levels of the knowledge process since they present different expectations and educational ends. It can occur dissimilarities between the ways how children of both groups live in school, through the following categories: the time and the school space, the adult centered practices, the rituals and the social meanings in relation to the age, the playing, and the possibilities of relationship among the groups, the age differentiations among children, their protagonisms and the age group while a sub generation. The meaning created by children are presented considering the age belonging, the different practices of the groups determined by the space-time of school as well the statutes they receive in every level of teaching, the protagonisms children perform to guarantee, in school, the child cultures and the problematization of the age as the factor that forms a sub generation.
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Baron, Rixt. "An Interaction Design approach to Clothing Swaps." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45935.
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This study analysed the second hand clothing culture and clothing swaps that have gained popularity in recent years. Through interaction design, a solution is sought to the problem that secondhand shopping has become popular and thereby less affordable for people with a low income. By means of the five phases of design Thinking, a final concept has been designed. In which an early version of a prototype has been developed. The final concept helps solve the problem by making clothing swapping easier and more efficient, this is done through a combination of drop off locations and the use of an app. It demonstrates how interaction design can be used in clothing swaps and make them accessible to anyone interested.
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Trevan, Catherine. "The competing values framework : the interaction between gender, organizational culture, managerial competencies and organizational performance /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpst8118.pdf.
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Aljabaly, M. (Mariam). "University students’ participation and interaction in scripted collaborative learning:a case study in Maker culture context." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201905252141.
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Abstract. Maker culture is a new movement adopted by the educational sector around the world. Such movement aroused the interest of researchers and educators to explore it. Within its environment, students can collaborate with others to solve problems or do some projects. However, collaboration does not occur naturally. From this problem, this research has flourished.
The research design of this study is a case study, following qualitative methodology entitled content analysis. The participants involved are twenty students in their 1st year of master studies. The aim of the current study is to explore collaborative learning in Maker culture to identify three aspects; 1) how it might affect the students’ learning gain, 2) how the participation and collaborative interaction among the students are influenced, 3) how did the students perceive such collaborative script.
The researcher answered these questions by designing a macro collaborative script and implementing it in two separated sessions within the maker culture context. The data collection methods were pre and post-questionnaires in addition to video data and they were analyzed using QSR NVivo software. The findings of this study indicated that the students’ learning gain was significant, yet the majority acquired a shallow level of knowledge and not a deep level of knowledge. As for the participation and collaborative interaction, although the students were on-task almost 57% of the duration of the sessions, interestingly the duration of collaborative interaction was only around 33% of their participation. Hence, it can be deduced that even if the students are participating in a collaborative task that does not mean they are collaboratively interacting; the reasons that might be behind such results are elaborated comprehensively in the study. Finally, the students had a positive attitude towards this type of collaboration script. The researcher recommends that collaborative interaction might be enhanced if the script was adaptive with more details, this might lead to a deeper level in cognitive learning gain and a higher percentage in collaborative interactions.
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Maubrey, Régis. "Etude du röle des interactions socio-langagières dans la transmission de savoirs entre adultes : la situation de formation trans-culturelle en agriculture : cas de stagiaires africains." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081608.
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Xu, Yi. "Interaction of Dietary Coarse Corn with Litter Conditions on Broiler Live Performance and Gastrointestinal Tract Function." Thesis, North Carolina State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3647583.
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The successful application of whole wheat in the EU indicated that dietary structural material, such as coarsely ground corn (CC), could be included in US broiler diets to improve live performance. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of broiler feed structure and litter conditions on broiler live performance, nutrient digestibility, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development and function in different scenarios. It was hypothesized that dietary CC inclusion and new litter condition may significantly improve broiler live performance and nutrient digestibility, as well as influence the functional development and motility of the broiler GIT. We also hypothesized that dietary CC would decrease feed cost and litter nitrogen, moisture, and ammonia emission. Our objective was to understand and quantify the effects of dietary structural material inclusion and litter management on broiler live performance and development of different GIT sections by measuring the relevant physical, morphological, and histological parameters of the GIT during broiler feeding trials.
Therefore, the focus of this dissertation was: 1) to study the impact of corn particle size distribution with litter conditions on broiler live performance and nutrient digestibility; 2) to investigate the influence of corn particle size distribution and litter condition on broiler GIT development and function by measuring the relevant physical, morphological, and histological parameters; 3) to investigate the effects of corn particle size distribution on broiler litter nitrogen, moisture, and ammonia emission; and 4) to quantify and develop a feeding regime of dietary corn particle size distribution that decreased feed cost while optimizing broiler live performance and GIT development and function.
The dissertation research carried out 2 cages studies, 4 floor studies, and 1 grinding cost analysis study. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of six dietary CC inclusion levels in two feed form on broiler live performance, BW uniformity, relative gizzard weight, fecal nitrogen, and particle size preference behaviors of broiler raised in cages from 0 to 14 d of age. Experiment 2 and 3 investigated the effects of gender, litter conditions, and dietary CC inclusion on live performance, gizzard and proventriculus development, litter characteristics, and colon bacterial profiles of broiler raised on a litter-covered floor from 0 to 49 d of age. Experiment 4 was a 45 d cage study that investigated the effects of three dietary CC inclusions on broiler live performance, GIT development, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy and nitrogen, jejunum digesta particle size distribution, and feed retention time. Experiment 5 evaluated the effects of two dietary CC inclusions and two litter conditions on broiler live performance, litter characteristics, GIT development, apparent ileal digestibility of energy and nitrogen, and intestinal morphology. Experiment 6 investigated the effects of two dietary CC inclusion and three different floor types on broiler live performance, litter characteristics, GIT development, apparent ileal digestibility of energy and nitrogen, intestinal morphology, and ammonia emission. Corn grinding cost by hammermill and roller mill was also compared.
In conclusion, dietary CC inclusion decreased feed cost, improved nitrogen and energy digestibility, altered GIT bacterial population, improved feed efficiency, and reduced litter ammonia emission through the modulation of GIT function as evidenced by increased gizzard weight, greater digesta retention time, decreased digesta pH, modified intestinal morphology structure, and decreased litter moisture and nitrogen. We also found that the effects of dietary CC inclusion could confound pellet quality, while new litter had only a marginal benefit on broiler live performance. Particle size distribution was found to be more important than the geometric mean diameter by mass (dgw) with regard to the paradoxical role of particle size on poultry feed manufacturing and nutrition.
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Andreacola, Florence. "Nouvelles modalités d’appropriation et de partage au musée : les pratiques multiples de l’expérience de visite à l’époque de la culture numérique." Thesis, Avignon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AVIG1149/document.
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Cette thèse propose d’examiner les façons dont l’expérience de visite peut être transformée dans le contexte d’une culture numérique qui touche les publics réels et les publics potentiels du musée. On s’interroge plus précisément sur les processus d’appropriation et de partage qu’entraine la pratique muséale à l’époque de la culture numérique. Pour explorer cet objet de recherche, nous construisons un appareil méthodologique interdisciplinaire ad hoc entre l’informatique et les sciences de l’information et de la communication. Il permet d’élaborer un cadre analytique susceptible de saisir des pratiques qui se partagent et se combinent entre un espace numérique et un espace physique. De la sorte, nous proposons des protocoles de recherches hybrides et exploratoires qui offrent la possibilité de saisir, par leur association, des pratiques multiples de l’expérience de visite dans la triple temporalité de l’avant, du pendant et de l’après visite du musée. À travers cette thèse nous mettons en évidence la façon dont le numérique intervient dans les pratiques de l’expérience de visite comme un objet technique spécifique et un système d’échange avec et dans lequel le visiteur et le visiteur potentiel reconfigurent leur relation à l’institution muséale, à sa collection, aux expositions et aux autres visiteurs et visiteurs potentielsIn the context of a digital culture that affects the actual audiences and potential audiences of the museum, this thesis proposes to examine the ways in which the visitor’s experience can be transformed. We wonder specifically about the appropriation and sharing processes that induce the museum practice in the era of digital culture. To explore this research item, we build an interdisciplinary methodological device between IT and Communication Sciences. It helps us to develop an analytical framework able to capture practices that are divided and combined between cyberspace and physical space. In this way, we propose hybrid and exploratory research protocols that provide the ability to capture, through their association, multiple practices of the visitor’s experience in a triple temporality of the before, the during and the after visit of the museum. Through this thesis, we highlight how digital devices and culture play a part in the practices of the visitor’s experience as a specific technical object and an exchange system and in which the visitor and potential visitor reconfigure their relationship to museum, its collection, exhibitions and other visitors and potential visitors
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Saldana, Carmen Catalina. "Simplifying linguistic complexity : culture and cognition in language evolution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31395.
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Languages are culturally transmitted through a repeated cycle of learning and communicative interaction. These two aspects of cultural transmission impose (at least) three interacting pressures that can shape the evolution of linguistic structure: a pressure for learnability, a pressure for expressivity, and a pressure for coordination amongst users in a linguistic community. This thesis considers how these sometimes competing pressures impact linguistic complexity across cultural time. Using artificial language and iterated learning experimental paradigms, I investigate the conditions under which complexity in morphological and syntactic systems emerges, spreads, and reduces. These experiments illustrate the interaction of transmission, learning and use in hitherto understudied domains - morphosyntax and word order. In a first study (Chapter 2), I report the first iterated learning experiments to investigate the evolution of complexity in compositional structure at the word and sentence level. I demonstrate that a complex meaning space paired with pressures for learnability and communication can result in compositional hierarchical constituent structure, including fixed combinatorial rules of word formation and word order. This structure grants a productive and productively interpretable language and only requires learners to acquire a finite lexicon and a finite set of combinatorial rules (i.e., a grammar). In Chapter 3, I address the unique effect of communicative interaction on linguistic complexity, by removing language learning completely. Speakers use their native language to express novel meanings either in isolation or during communicative interaction. I demonstrate that even in this case, communicative interaction leads to more efficient and overall simpler linguistic systems. These first two studies provide support for the claim that morphological and syntactic complexity are shaped by an overarching drive towards simplicity (or learnability) in language learning and communication. Chapter 4 reports a series of experiments assessing the possibility that the simplicity bias found in the first two studies operates at a different strength depending on the linguistic level. Studies in natural language learning and in pidgin/creole genesis suggest that while morphological variation seems to be highly susceptible to regularisation, variation in other syntactic features, like word order, appears more likely to be reproduced. I test this experimentally by comparing regularisation of unconditioned variation across morphology and word order in the context of artificial language learning. I show that language users in fact regularise unconditioned variation in a similar way across linguistic levels, suggesting that the simplicity bias may be driven by a single, non-level-specific mechanism. Taken together, the experimental evidence presented in this thesis supports the hypothesis that the cultural and cognitive pressures acting on language users during learning and communicative interaction - for learnability, expressivity and coordination - are at least partially responsible for the evolution of linguistic complexity. Specifically, they are responsible for the emergence of linguistic complexity which maximises learnability and communicative efficiency, and for the reduction of complexity which does not. More generally, the approach taken in this thesis promotes a view of complexity in linguistic systems as an evolving variable determined by the biases of language learners and users as languages are culturally transmitted.
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Jones, David Lawrence. "A Determination of Interpersonal Interaction Expectations in International Buyer-Seller Relationships." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26924.
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Relationship/collaborative selling, as opposed to traditional, transaction oriented selling, stresses the need to form relationships with prospects and customers across all stages of the buyer-seller relationship (Jolson, 1997). The problem is that applying the relationship selling process to all types of customers may lead to inappropriate interpersonal interaction if the customer's orientation is only short-term in nature (Jackson, 1985a, 1985b). Anderson and Narus (1991) make the point that significant variations within industries (i.e., hotel industry) can exist in the buyer's expectation of working relationships with sellers, from a collaborative relationship desire to a transactional (i.e., discrete) relationship. This study developed and empirically tested a model of international buyer-seller relationships in the hospitality industry. The model analyzed several relationships: 1) the relationship between National Culture (Hofstede, 198oa, 1980b & 1997) and the interpersonal interaction "success" variables (i.e., structural bonding, social bonding, communication content, communication style, and trust) in the buyer-seller relationship (Wilson, 1995); 2) the relationship between the "success" variables and the outcomes of the buyer-seller relationship (i.e., relationship commitment and long-term orientation of the buyer); and 3) the relationship between the level of knowledge of the selling strategy used by the salesperson and the buying preferences of the buyer, as perceived by the salesperson. In addition, each of these relationships was examined in terms of the differences that may exist in base of operation of the salesperson (i.e., North America or Asia). The study specifically focused on the hotel industry salesperson and the relationship he or she has with his or her top account. The cross-cultural differences were captured by use of a sample of salespeople that were based either in North America or Asia. The results of this study showed that the relationship/collaborative selling strategy is not necessarily appropriate for all selling situations, but the salesperson may not be knowledgeable enough of his or her customer's preference for interpersonal interaction to be able to identify that fact. It also indicated that different importance is placed on different "success" variables in the buyer-seller relationship in different bases of operation. Specifically, trust is more important in North America than Asia, but it is still an important factor in both selling environments. It was also concluded that social bonding might be overrated in regards to the top account buyer-seller relationship. The conclusion can be made that more emphasis needs to be placed on the building and maintaining of trust than the need to "build a relationship" through social bonding, at least with the top account. The implications of the study can be applied to the improvement of how sales training is taught on a global basis.Ph. D.