Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interaction électromagnétique'
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Abed, Issam. "Modélisation et optimisation d'un récupérateur d'énergie vibratoire électromagnétique non-linéaire multimodale." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2003/document.
Full textIn order to accomplish the promises of vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) as a major alternative to powersensors, their performances in terms of frequency bandwidth and harvested power have to be improved. In thisthesis, unlike classical VEHs either linear and multimodal or nonlinear and mono-frequency, we propose a vibrationenergy harvesting approach based on arrays of coupled levitated or elastically guided magnets combining thebenefits of nonlinearities and modal interactions.A review of VEHs is carried out. Particularly, the design issues of linear harvesters are addressed and frequencytuning techniques are presented. A review of nonlinear methods is also presented in order to define a solving procedureenabling the investigation of the dynamics of nonlinear VEHs. The equations of motion which include themagnetic nonlinearity, the geometric nonlinearity and the electromagnetic damping are solved using the harmonicbalance method coupled with the asymptotic numerical method. A multi-objective optimization procedure isintroduced and performed using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for the cases of small magnet arraysin order to select the optimal solutions in term of performances by bringing the eigenmodes close to each other interms of frequencies and amplitudes. Thanks to the nonlinear coupling and the modal interactions even for onlythree coupled magnets, the proposed method enable harvesting the vibration energy in the operating frequencyrange of 4.6–14.5 Hz, with a bandwidth of 190 % and a normalized power of 20:2mWcm-3g-2
Schott, Pierre. "Interaction d'une onde électromagnétique avec des structures de grande taille par la méthode des rayons gaussiens." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30115.
Full textKampé, Mojieyie Hugues. "Contribution au développement de règles de conception pour l'estimation de couplages inductifs dans les circuits intégrés radiofréquences." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2011.
Full textIntensive measurement campaign is the commonly used approach in semiconductors industry to derive library models of circuit elements needed in developing complex products. This critical campaign for the assessment of product performances, characterizes circuit elements separately on a narrow low frequency range. In order to account for layout-topology related type of influences and to capture high frequency effects important for wide-band multi-frequency applications, the development of electromagnetic (EM) based methodologies is required. This work proposes a general scalable EM segmentation methodology for the analysis and optimization of inductive couplings at component level as well as system level. An original aspect of the proposal is the ability to capture, as part of the segmentation procedures, EM continuity rules combined to an optimization of the frontiers between the derived sub-domains. The accuracy of the proposed methodology is proved for structures where inductive couplings are an important aspect (8-shaped inductances, transformers …) The validation is obtained in comparison with on-wafer measurements, and results obtained from quasi-static and EM simulations. Guidelines and design rules are investigated. The gain in terms of simulation time and complexity is highlighted. Limitations of existing deembedding techniques are discussed. A graphical user interface is developed for computer aided design in initial-guess analysis of couplings between canonical circuit elements (loops, bondwires, planar inductors) at a floorplan level. This work in combination with direct and systematic optimization techniques allows for the generation of dynamic library models
Ferrari, Arnaud. "Calorimétrie électromagnétique et recherche de neutrinos droits de Majorana dans l'expérience ATLAS." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005400.
Full textBras, Jérôme. "Méthode des éléments finis et décomposition de domaines : Application à l'étude de l'interaction électromagnétique onde-composant." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0064.
Full textThe current utilization of electronic devices in the majority of our systems impose to take into account the parasiting couplings created by electromagnetic (EM) interactions. It is in this point of view which this work was built in order to characterize the interaction between an electromagnetic wave and an active component, which is represented here by a HP07 Field Effect Transistor (FET) of UMS. This study is based on the application of an hybrid method. This method combines a 3D electromagnetic simulation, which employs a Finite Element Method (FEM) in the frequency domain, and a classical circuit one. As the electromagnetic illumination of the FET is a "back door" one, this FET is included in a partially opened metallic cavity : the NATO cylinder. The heterogeneity between the cylinder dimensions and the FET ones and the complexity of the apertures have imposed the implementation of another electromagnetic excitation in the IRCOM software to optimize the decomposition domain method
Dinh, Thanh Vinh. "Modeling and measurement of electromagnetic interactions in packaged circuits and systems." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2017.
Full textThe works of this thesis focus on Modeling and Measurement of Electromagnetic Interactions in Packaged Circuits and Systems. To reduce time to market, developing simpler and accurate characterization methodologies has become a challenge for increasingly complex packages. In this context, my thesis in the frame of the European project PARSIMO was begin. Our studies are conducted on the demonstrator "comb-line filter" of the project PARSIMO, and a product of NXP Semiconductors. In the first part, the developed measurement methods, which are a TRL de-embedding method in mixed modes and a method of 4-port measure using 2-port VNA, were evaluated by measurements and EM simulations. The 4-port measurement method has been applied to the characterization of MEMS switches. The second part focuses on the modeling of interconnections found in a package such as bonding wires, two orthogonal crossing lines, the ground plane and the comb-line filters. The models are verified and validated by measurements and EM simulations. In the third part, simulation methodologies are discussed on the study of a complete package with the effect of parallel BWs number, vias, die and package by using both cascade and global approaches. The simulation of a complex system should be separated by several simple simulations using suitable tools. The advantages and limitations of different tools (Momentum, ADS, EMPRO and Sonnet) were compared with measurements. A bridge between different domains such as electronics, mechanical and fabrication can be also established with these works
Sytova, Elizaveta. "Modeling of Iter and Asdex Upgrade detached plasmas using the Solps-Iter code with drifts and currents." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0098.
Full textThe main goals of the present thesis are to:* investigate the differences between retention and leakage mechanisms of nitrogen and neon impurities in the context of the detachment formation;* compare the retention and leakage mechanisms of the nitrogen and neon impurities for the ASDEX Upgrade and ITER.To do this, the SOLPS-ITER code modeling package was further developed and then used. Modeling of ITER and ASDEX Upgrade scenarios with Ne and N impurity seeding was performed. The same ratio of radiated to input power ratio was maintained for all four modeling cases to make further comparisons possible. On the basis of the modeling, the following conclusions are made:* impurity transport from the divertor region upstream is found to be different for the neon and nitrogen impurities in both ITER and ASDEX Upgrade. Nitrogen is found to be better retained in the divertor volume than neon for both devices. * even though the retention and leakage of nitrogen and neon has the same mechanism in ITER and ASDEX Upgrade (nitrogen is better retained), in terms of the radiation distribution point of view thetwo machines behave differently. This difference suggests that neon impurity seeding seem to be an appropriate radiator for the ITER, even though for ASDEX Upgrade it results in an unacceptable radiation pattern
Morange, Nicolas. "Recherche du boson de Higgs en quatre leptons au LHC : étude des événements avec bosons Z et jets b dans l'expérience ATLAS : étude des performances du système de déclenchement du calorimètre électromagnétique pour les hautes énergies transverses." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077247.
Full textThe framework of the studies presented in this thesis is the search for the Higgs boson in the 4 leptons channel with the ATLAS experiment. The Higgs boson is a particle whose existence is predicted by the Electroweak theory but has not yet been observed, and its search is one of the main research subjects at the LHC, rince its discovery would complete the Standard Model. First, a study of the electromagnetic calorimeter level-one trigger system is presented. Based on data recorded in 2010, it has helped improve the behaviour of the system for very high energy deposits. It has also provided trigger efficiency uncertainties for the analyses searching for W' and Z' bosons. Then the measurement with 2010 data of the cross-section of b-jets production in association with Z bosons is discussed. This measurement, which is in agreement with Standard Model computations, constrains one of the important backgrounds in the search for the Higgs boson in 4 leptons: namely the production of a Z boson am. B-quark pair. In order to increase the selection efficiency for the Higgs boson decaying into four electrons, an improved electron reconstruction is studied. Its validation is presented for electrons from heavy flavour decays. The search analysis of the Higgs boson in the 4 lepton channel is then described, and several possibilities are studied, to increase the sensitivity of the analysis for low-mass searches
Zidane, Mohamed Amine. "Réalisation d'un dispositif de mesure non invasif de la glycémie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0298.
Full textThe main problem of patients with diabetes remains the consequences of the complications resulting from diabetes. More frequent blood glucose control contributes to the balance of diabetes and a significant decrease in its complications. The current devices are less comfortable because of the pain associated with each sting. Some sophisticated blood glucose meters are semi-invasive, and are valid for 14 days. The purpose of my PhD work is to develop a non-invasive blood glucose measurement system based on an electromagnetic method. An original electromagnetic (EM) sensor is proposed, modeled under COMSOL and validated by experimental measurements. This sensor is composed of two Split Ring Resonator (SRR) cells excited by a coplanar line. Our main purpose is to reach sufficient sensitivity to detect different glucose levels with a miniaturized sensor. The sensor is tested on glucose water. Then, it has been optimized and adapted for in-vitro measurements in the blood. In the last part of this study, we identified and quantified the constraints impacting blood glucose measurements. We present the study of two constraints on the measurement of the sensor: Impact of vein dimension and dosimetry. Indeed, the evaluation of these constraints makes it possible to compensate their effects on the measurement for a better precision of the measurement of the glycemia
Foumouo, Emmanuel. "Problème coulombien à trois corps en champ haute fréquence : application à l'étude de l'ionisation double à deux photons de l'hélium." Université catholique de Louvain, 2008. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-02172008-222015/.
Full textLafon, Lucile. "Modélisation de l'interaction des ondes électromagnétiques avec le corps humain : Application à la dosimétrie liée à l'utilisation d'un téléphone portable." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0016.
Full textDerouault, Simon. "Interaction entre des impulsions électromagnétiques quantifiées et des systèmes atomiques : effets transitoires." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2707/.
Full textThis thesis deals with the theoretical study of transient effects between two-level atoms and quantized pulses. First, we describe the theoretical bases used in the whole manuscript. In a semi-classical description of the problem, where the field is classical, we show that non-adiabatic transitions can be achieved with non-resonant pulses in a strong field regime. We then introduce the Jaynes-Cummings model which deals with full quantized version of the interaction between a single mode field and a two-level atom. Secondly, we study the case where an incident atom passes through a mono-mode micro-maser. In this situation, the field is not transient but the coupling term with the atom is. Non-adiabatic transitions can then be performed by modulating the mode shape. The system propagate, inside the cavity, in a superposition of adiabatic state. The final sate after leaving the cavity, can be understood as the result of Ramsey-like interferometer. When the incident kinetic energy is of the same magnitude than the interaction energy, the motion of the center-of-mass needs to be quantified to take into account the opto-mecanical coupling. We present a temporal interpretation, based on the definition of multiple times associated with each adiabatic state. In the next two parts, we consider the cases where one or two atoms are confined inside an one-dimensional wave-guide. This configuration allows to reach a strong coupling regime between the atom and the field, even when the field only contains a single photon. We demonstrate a theorem constraining the transmitted pulse area when only one atom is present. Indeed, for an arbitrary coupling regime, the transmitted pulse is distorted such as its algebraic area vanish. As a consequence the central frequency of the pulse, resonant with the atomic transition, is always reflected. When two atoms are present, we explore the photon exchange process between them. In order to properly handle the virtual photons influence, the usual rotating wave approximation is not made. The radiated field are then related to the timed Dicke states. The exchange of virtual photons shits this states and leads to a substantial alteration of the radiated spectra. This effected can be controlled or even suppressed by adjusting the inter-atomic separation. We demonstrate that the pulse area theorem is still valid in this case. Eventually, we develop a new method to deal with arbitrary non-classical pulses interacting with one atom in an one-dimensional wave-guide. This method is based on the quantization of the electromagnetic flux inside the guide. That allows us to define new global adiabatic states which can be related to the usual semi-classical ones. We illustrate that by recovering the semi-classical results using coherent fields with a large number of photon. The new adiabatic scheme is organized in adiabatic state bands. Each band corresponds to a single adiabatic state in a semi-classical model. We then distinguish intra- and inter-bande coupling
Królewiak, Adam. "Stereoscopic and interactive visualization of electromagnetic fields in virtual reality environments." Artois, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ARTO0204.
Full textThe thesis is devoted to the methods of electromagnetic fields' scientific visualization set in multidimensional virtual reality environment which gives spatial image and interaction with data space. Developed methods concern three domains: graphical methods of scientific data presentation, human-machine communication and realization of stereoscopy. In order to present volumetric and vector features the standard methods were adopted: colored maps (interactively cutting data set), isosurfaces and cones (vectors). The method of navigation within data space, objects' manipulation and control of application using menu system were developed. The most interesting method is numerical data querying directly from graphical objects realized based on the author's data structures. Much attention was devoted to stereo image creation and its influence on the space perception improvement. The result is the method of stereo parameters' automatic calculation
Laval, Laurence. "Conception et caractérisation dosimétrique de dispositifs microondes pour des applications bioélectromagnétiques, liées à l'utilisation des téléphones portables." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0009.
Full textHoang, Le Ha. "Contribution à la modélisation tridimensionnelle des interactions champ électromagnétique – corps humain en basses fréquences." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203230.
Full textMalosse, Jean-Jacques. "La calibration du calorimètre électromagnétique central de l'expérience proton-antiproton UA1 du CERN." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112385.
Full textThe most important of the UA1 experiment at CERN has been the discovery of the weak intermediate vector bosons W⁺ and Z°. We describe the calibration of the electromagnetic calorimeter, which gives the signature of the electronic mode of disintegration of the intermediate bosons and measures their masses. We shall discuss this process and give some experimental results
Pellerin, Denis. "Etude et réalisation d'un système de transmission d'informations dans les bâtiments par couplage électromagnétique sur les réseaux de canalisations métalliques." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0051.
Full textMathiot, Jean-François. "A propos du potentiel nucléon-nucléon : courants d'échange mésoniques et approche relativiste de la structure nucléaire." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112126.
Full textVarious aspects of nuclear physics at intermediate energies, in connection with the description of the nucleon-nucleon potential in terms of mesons, are presented in this thesis. The meson exchange current contribution is studied in the case of the deuteron (np capture and electrodisintegration near threshold). A consistent description of these processes is discussed, with particular emphasis on the effective range of the current, for momentum transfers as large as q2≈ 1 (GeV/c)2. The structure of finite nuclei and nuclear matter is then analysed in the framework of a relativistic formalism, in which the negative energy component of the nucleon wave function is explicitly taken into account. The nuclear matter saturation mechanism is studied in details and compared with the non-relativistic limit. Properties of finite nuclei are also discussed. Finally, the structure of the nucleon itself in the nuclear medium is investigated. A connection between the polarisation of the nucleon (three valence quark components), the incompressibility parameter and the mass of the first monopole excitation of the nucleon is presented
Frère, Jeanne. "Caractérisation numérique de l'exposition électromagnétique des personnes en bandes HF et VHF." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S027/document.
Full textIn military environments, especially land field, high frequencies (HF, 3 - 30 MHz), very high frequencies (VHF, 30 - 300 MHz) and ultra high frequencies (UHF, 300 - 3000 MHz) have been used for long range and shortrange communications, for communication interference or for detection. To have all those functions on the same carrier, they require many antennas, therefore they are increasing the operator's electromagnetic overexposure risk. Civilian and military standards were published providing limits on external electromagnetic fields and dosimetric quantities (specific absortion rate SAR, current density and internal electric field) to limit this overexposure risk between 0 and 300 GHz. The PhD thesis project has two main objectives. First, civilian and military standards are studied to understand how they were developed and if they are really suited for HF and VHF frequencies. Second, a new validation method of Thales radio product is proposed and validated. This PhD thesis project have characterized numerically the human body electromagnetic and thermal behavior during electromagnetic exposure in HF and VHF. Then, by studying couplings between external electromagnetic fields, induced current and human body, formulas to calculate both whole-body averaged SAR and local SAR 10 g in homogeneous body are proposed for the first time
Arib, Mohand. "Contribution à l'étude des interactions magnéto-mécaniques dans les ferromagnétiques solides." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1133.
Full textDeuzet, Guy. "Étude des interactions des neutrinos atmosphériques dans le détecteur Fréjus." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112055.
Full textThe detectors built to determine the lifetime of the nucleon are also suitable for studying the interactions of atmospheric neutrinos. The analysis of such interactions in the Frejus detector is divided into three parts. The first of these describes the detector and its principal characteristics. It is the biggest electronic calorimeter employed in a nucleon decay experiment; its mass is of 910 t and its volume 6 x 6 x 12 m³. Part one also describes the principles of the methods chosen for the measurement of the direction and energy of the leptons. The second part treats the different steps in the elaboration of the Orsay Monte-Carlo calculation program: characteristics of the atmospheric neutrino flux (indicating those which are accessible to our experiment), calculation of the neutrino cross sections in the range 0,2-20 GeV, and principles of the generation and simulation of neutrino interactions in the detector. The third part is composed of the analysis of the experimental data and the comparison with the Monte-Carlo predictions. During a running period corresponding to a sensitivity of 0. 7 kt. Year, 84 events were observed. The experimental data are seen to be in agreement with the calculations for the energy spectra, the confinement efficiency, the number of tranches at the primary vertex and the muon-electron ratio for charged-current events. These results confirm the validity of atmospheric neutrino flux calculations obtained through cosmic ray shower simulations
Souček, Jan. "Etude de statistique des processus de décomposition dans le plasma en amont de l'onde de choc terrestre." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2064.
Full textJaspard, Frédéric. "Caractérisation diélectrique du sang par spectroscopie de bio-impédance dans la bande [1 MHz - 1 Ghz] : conception et réalisation d'une cellule de mesure." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10191.
Full textKamdem, Alain. "Etude des interactions électriques conduites sur des composants et systèmes électroniques." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2008.
Full textOver the years, industries and standards associations focused on reducing electronic device degradation due to ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD). However, ESD only represents a small part of these events. Indeed, there are few studies on Electrical OverStress (EOS) events which are responsible of an important amount of failures. The aim of this thesis is to define a clear classification among EOS events but also to study robustness and failure mechanisms in integrated circuits exposed to these events. For integrated circuits users and suppliers, electrical events are describe by the degradation and not by their root causes. This can be translated by an absence of standard presenting a test methodology or a specific characterization equipment. The test bench setup and the different waveforms used in this study are presented. Finally, these works show that to better specify devices Absolute Maximum Rating (AMR), it is necessary to deepen the knowledge of robustness threshold while understanding the failure mechanisms in ICs components
Tarasov, Victor. "Interaction du vent solaire avec l'environnement de la planète Mars : étude des fluctuations électromagnétiques en amont du choc." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998VERS0009.
Full textDebus, André. "Etude du bruit ferromagnétique : Modèle phénoménologique à deux sources." Lyon, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAL0026.
Full textAuffret, Sylvie. "Étude des facteurs de forme électromagnétiques du deutérium par diffuson d'électrons." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112244.
Full textIn this thesis, we describe an electron scattering experiment on the deuterium nucleus. We were especially interested in the magnetic form factor B(q²). This form factor, not well known experimentally, is particularly sensitive to the tensor part of the deuteron wave function. The measurements were performed at incident energies ranging from 300 to 700 MeV and at scattering angle of 155°. The momentum transfer range goes from 6 to 28 fm⁻². We have used a liquid deuterium target, cooled by liquid hydrogen. Due to the high target density and large recoil energy, special care was taken in improving the experimental resolution and in unfolding the various radiative effects. The comparison with the theoretical calculations is quite worrying. The predictions obtained from reasonable nucleon-nucleon potentials (Paris, RSC) with added mesonic exchange currents are in very good agreement with our date. However, relativistic calculations, a priori more reliable, are in clear disagreement with our experiment. Several effects can help in understanding this discrepancy. We have also measured inclusive cross sections for the deuteron electrodisintegration at threshold. This process is entirely dominated by isovector exchange currents. Our experiment shows that, at least up to q² = 28 fm⁻² and using some peculiar theoretical hypotheses, these exchange currents are very well understood
Ung, Bora. "Study of the interaction of surface waves with a metallic nano-slit via the finite-difference time-domain method." Master's thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24879/24879.pdf.
Full textEl, Zammar Chadi. "Interactions coopératives 3D distantes en environnements virtuels : gestion des problèmes réseaux." Rennes, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAR0001.
Full textDans cette thèse nous nous intéressons spécialement à l'étude des conséquences d'un problème réseau sur le comportement d'un environnement virtuel distribué. En effet, le réseau est un facteur qui agit directement sur la performance des systèmes d'environnements virtuels distribués : les problèmes de communication comme la latence réseau ou la déconnexion d'un site affectent directement les interactions distantes au sein d'un environnement virtuel. Nous proposons donc des solutions qui ont pour but d'atténuer l'effet de ces problèmes. Nos solutions se divisent en deux catégories : des solutions techniques au niveau du noyau d'un système d'environnements virtuels et des solutions au niveau applicatif. Au niveau noyau nous avons conçu un algorithme de synchronisation tolérant au délai et à la perte d'un site suite à une déconnexion. Nous avons réalisé aussi un mécanisme qui permet la migration d'objets d'un site à un autre au cours d'une simulation. Ce mécanisme a permis par la suite l'ajout et la suppression dynamique d'un site au cours d'une simulation. Au niveau applicatif nous avons réalisé un système d'informations qui a pour but de détecter un délai ou une déconnexion et de donner à l'utilisateur la conscience de l'existence d'un problème réseau à l'aide de métaphores visuelles. Ces métaphores doivent attirer l'attention d'un utilisateur sur le fait que quelques uns des objets virtuels ne sont pas disponibles ou pas à jour suite à une déconnexion par exemple
Orlando, Angélina d’. "Nano-structuration de nanoparticules métalliques pour exaltation de champs électromagnétiques locaux en spectroscopie Raman : Interactions entre champs électromagnétiques localisés sub-longueur d’onde et molécules/particules nano-structurées en champ proche optique." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=acba3f87-fdac-4949-a4d0-d324fdc8692a.
Full textThe work of this thesis is part of the applications of Raman scattering exaltation either by resonant Raman, either by exaltation of local fields using plasmonic structures of noble metals. We cause near-field interactions between nano-objects with a coupling of AFM / Raman spectroscopy (AFM: Atomic Force Microscopy). First, our knowledge of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is deepened. We study the evolution of their resonance profile based on the inter-nanotube interactions or depending on stress and strain imposed on the CNT by AFM nanomanipulation, amending their structural and electronic properties, and therefore their the resonance Raman effects. These experimental results are supplemented by DFT calculations (DensityFunctionalTheory) and MD (Molecular Dynamics). These sets of CNTs are then approached by AFM nanomanipulation in the vicinity of metal assemblies by, whose plasmonic resonances are tuned based on hybridization of their plasmonic modes. These AFM / Raman experiments are complemented by numerical modeling using the finite element method. We show in particular that the TERS finds its equivalent in nanostructuring. Finally we validate the importance of molecular re-radiation for the Raman scattering enhancement factor, and confronting these calculations to quantum approach of these near field interactions developed during the thesis of Victor Le Nader
Ajendouz, Abdelilah. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de la génération d’harmoniques micro-ondes dans un magnétoplasma : application à la détection de la turbulence." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11085.
Full textThe microwave techniques, e. G. Reflectometry, have been extensively used as diagnostic of the fusion plasmas. In our study, we develop a new technique based on the transmitted signal - in contrast to reflectometry - in an inhomogeneous magnetized toroidal plasma. This diagnostic is based of the generation of the second harmonic of an extraordinary probing wave. Inside the upper hybrid resonance layer, the wave exhibits a resonant interaction with the plasma particles and this leads to the excitation of the second harmonic of the injected wave. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the excitation level is high at the UHR and decreases rapidly away the UHR layer. The results demonstrate that the second harmonic can propagate through the plasma without cut-off. The new electromagnetic wave is capable to propagate outside the plasma. The second harmonic generation is used in this work as a wave diagnostics when the UHR layer is turbulent. It is shown that the frequency spectrum around the frequency probing exhibits two satellite frequencies excited by the interaction between the electromagnetic wave and the low frequency electrostatic wave. The detection of this satellite constitutes a remote diagnostic of the electrostatic fluctuation. The detection of the turbulence is sensitively dependent on the frequency of the injected wave and we show that the level is increased when the upper hybrid frequency is resonant inside the turbulent layer
Ravat, Olivier. "Étude du calorimètre électromagnétique de l'expérience CMS et recherche de bosons de Higgs neutres dans le canal de production associée." Lyon 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/05/82/96/PDF/thesedef3.pdf.
Full textJin, Lijing. "Détection des interactions photon-photon dans un circuit supraconducteur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY002/document.
Full textSuperconducting quantum circuits are currently investigated in many labs. An important goal of this research is to build and couple several superconducting quantum bits for quantum information processing. The theoretical description of these circuits is based on the coupled dynamics of the superconducting phase differences at the Josephson junctions and the degrees of freedom of the surrounding electromagnetic environment. This nonlinear dynamics has been much studied in the classical regime. Quantum effects have been considered by perturbative methods, assuming that some degrees of freedom are thermalized. In contrast, the coupled quantum dynamics was largely unexplored in a non-perturbative regime. The goal of the trainee will be to describe the crossover between the classical and quantum regimes in the case of a single Josephson junction coupled to an electromagnetic resonator. For this, the candidate will study the master equations for this system with analytical and numerical methods. In the long term, the aim will be to understand how to generate and manipulate photons thanks to time-resolved electric control of the circuit
Abdo, Youssef. "Analyse du comportement et des caractéristiques des arcs thermiques soumis à des champs externes et internes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM040.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims at understanding and analysing the behaviour of plasma arcs and their interactions with magnetic and dynamic field. The various methods that we have developed and the different case studies correspond to direct applications of thermal plasmas in industrial processes. The study of the arc’s dynamic and its characteristics is at the heart of every plasma technology upgrade or development. In the wake of the energy transition, plasma systems turn out to be very promising for many reasons, the most important of which are: They are ecological given the fact that make use of clean energy (electricity). Technologically, they allow for a tremendous rise in temperature that exceeds by far the temperature that can be reached in conventional combustion processes.We propose two different approaches to deal with the mathematical model that correspond to thermal plasmas: An analytical and a numerical approach. The analytical approaches encompass multiple computation methods that are relatively easy to implement and very practical for basic design. They constitute an extension of various analytical methods already broached in the 60’s and 70’s by American and Soviet researchers, but later abandoned in favor of numerical modelling with the advent of advanced computational machines.One section is dedicated to the study of a fixed spots AC or DC arc exposed to cross fields (magnetic or dynamic). Stability criteria employing dimensionless numbers have been established. At high currents, radiation also plays a key role in stabilisation. The analytical results are compared with the results of numerical simulations. A good agreement is observed.Another part deals with the study of a plasma arc, moving between 2 parallel electrodes under the effect of an external or electrode-induced magnetic field. The properties of the arc's dynamic strongly depend on the arc radius. The latter is obtained from an analytical 2D resolution of the heat equation. The results are validated by comparison with previous analytical and numerical works.The radiative exchange is also addressed in this thesis. Given the fact that radiation is hard to implement even in a numerical setting because of its dependence on numerous variables (specter frequency, temperature, pressure, geometry, gas mixture and species, etc.), the isothermal sphere approximate method is commonly used. An algorithm, whose aim is to seek the best value of “Rs”, is built based on a comparison between approximate and exact calculation for a wall stabilised arc of H2 at .The part concerning numerical modelling presents all the numerical approached that are currently used in thermal plasma modelling. It provides the good boundary conditions for the magnetic potential , if a transport model (TADR) is employed in a steady-state case or when the magneto-quasi static (MQS) assumption is made. Two hybrid finite-volume and finite-element (FV-FE) methods are proposed in order to improve the arc modelling, in particular for AC transient cases where the MQS fails to remain valid especially when electrodes are accounted for. Flow, energy and transport equation are solved using the FV approach whereas the electromagnetic equations are solved by means of the FE method. Comparisons with benchmark cases are done and a very good agreement is observed.Other numerical methods used for the numerical simulation of large scale industrial plasma reactors are also presented. A separation between the different physical phenomena occurring at small and large scales, is made. The electromagnetic phenomena are analytically modelled and averaged for an AC (mono, three or multi-phase) and are then inserted as source terms in source domains representing the arc region. As consequence, only the flow and energy equations are solved in order to obtain the most important characteristics in the reactor (velocity field, temperature distribution, etc.)
Lesinski, Thomas. "Microscopic and Beyond-Mean-Field Constraints for a New Generation of Nuclear Energy Density Functionals." Lyon 1, 2008. http://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m68w3bdt.
Full textNuclear structure is subject to a major renewal linked with the development of radioactive ion beams (such as the SPIRAL 1 and 2 beams at GANIL). Mean-field and/or density-functional methods are among the best suited for studying nuclei produced at such facilities. The present work aims at demonstrating how existing functionals can be improved so as to exhibit a better predictive power in little-explored regions of the nuclear chart. We propose a better description of the isospin-dependence of the effective interaction, and examine the relevance of adding a tensor coupling. We show how a new generation of functionals can be better constrained by considering results obtained beyond the mean-field approximation. Finally, we attempt establishing a link with the bare nucleon-nucleon potential for the description of pairing, thus participating in the construction of a non-empirical functional
Langlais, Mathieu. "Design de réseaux apériodiques et des interactions électromagnétiques coopératives dans des structures plasmoniques : application à la conception d’absorbeurs pour le solaire concentré." Thesis, Palaiseau, Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IOTA0018/document.
Full textThe current energy situation requires the development of technologies that use renewable energy sources to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and the impact of human activity on climate change. Among these technologies, thermodynamic solar power uses solar energy to heat an absorber, whose heat is then converted into electricity through a classical thermodynamic cycle. The improvement of the performances of this technology requires the design of absorbers able to operate strongly at high temperature. In this thesis, we explore two different ways for this purpose.The first is based on the design of multilayer structures optimized by a genetic algorithm.We will see that these structures lead to an efficiency higher than 80 %, very close to the fundamental limits, demonstrating so their strong potential for thermodynamic solar technology. The second way is based on the optimization of electromagnetic interactions inside plasmonic nanostructures composed of metal nanoparticles. These structures are the site of cooperative effects between nanoparticles that can exalt strongly losses inside the structure. These mechanisms are exploited to design absorbers based on binary networks made with nanoparticles of gold and silver dispersed in a transparent matrix
Mary-Tomic, Dominique. "Mise en évidence et étude de la luminescence des polymères isolants sous champ électrique ou en interaction avec un plasma froid : application au diagnostic." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30241.
Full textChenu, Sylvain. "Modélisation électromagnétique in virtuo. Application aux problèmes de propagation en milieux complexes pour les systèmes de télécommunication." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne - ENSTB, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646992.
Full textPuthumpally, Joseph Raijumon. "Quantum Interferences in the Dynamics of Atoms and Molecules in Electromagnetic Fields." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS035/document.
Full textQuantum interference, coherent superposition of quantum states, are widely used for the understanding and engineering of the quantum world. In this thesis, two distinct problems that are rooted in quantum interference are discussed with their potential applications: 1. Laser induced electron diffraction (LIED) and molecular orbital imaging, 2. Collective effects in dense vapors and dipole induced electromagnetic transparency (DIET). The first part deals with the recollision mechanism in molecules when the system is exposed to high intensity infrared laser fields. The interaction with the intense field will tunnel ionize the system, creating an electron wave packet in the continuum. This wave packet follows an oscillatory trajectory driven by the laser field. This results in a collision with the parent ion from which the wave packet was formed. This scattering process can end up in different channels including either inelastic scattering resulting in high harmonic generation (HHG) and non-sequential double ionization, or elastic scattering often called laser induced electron diffraction. LIED carries information about the molecule and about the initial state from which the electron was born as diffraction patterns formed due to the interference between different diffraction pathways. In this project, a method is developed for imaging molecular orbitals relying on scattered photoelectron spectra obtained via LIED. It is based on the fact that the scattering wave function keeps the memory of the object from which it has been scattered. An analytical model based on the strong field approximation (SFA) is developed for linear molecules and applied to the HOMO and HOMO-1 molecular orbitals of carbon dioxide. Extraction of orbital information imprinted in the photoelectron spectra is presented in detail. It is anticipated that it could be extended to image the electro-nuclear dynamics of such systems. The second part of the thesis deals with collective effects in dense atomic or molecular vapors. The action of light on the vapor samples creates dipoles which oscillate and produce secondary electro-magnetic waves. When the constituent particles are close enough and exposed to a common exciting field, the induced dipoles can affect one another, setting up a correlation which forbids them from responding independently towards the external field. The result is a cooperative response leading to effects unique to such systems which include Dicke narrowing, superradiance, Lorentz-Lorenz and Lamb shifts. To this list of collective effects, one more candidate has been added, which is revealed during this study: an induced transparency in the sample. This transparency, induced by dipole-dipole interactions, is named “dipole-induced electromagnetic transparency”. The collective nature of the dense vapor excitation reduces the group velocity of the transmitted light to a few tens of meter per second resulting in 'slow' light. These effects are demonstrated for the D1 transitions of 85Rb and other potential applications are also discussed
Onier, Charles. "Caractérisation du résultat d'un travail du sol à l'aide d'un capteur micro-ondes : analyse numérique et expérimentale des interactions surfaciques et volumiques des ondes électromagnétiques avec le sol." Avignon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AVIG0033.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to evaluate the soil characterization abilities of microwave sensor thank to a study of the interactions between the electromagnetic waves and the soil. This study follows a numerical approach reinforced by some experimental data. After a short review about the electromagnetic waves scattering by rough heterogeneous media and the existent models, the work focus on the development of a simulator. This leads firstly to a composition of different numerical methods which can model the free-space wave propagation with complex semi-infinite 2D structures, and secondly to a development of a rough heterogeneous medium generator which can represent, thank to an aggregate approach, a soil section. Some tests based on theoretical and experimental data are then performed which show good agreements for either electromagnetic wave scattering or soil representations. At the end, the work focus on the study of the soil characterization using a radar. In that way, experimental data gives the inputs of the soil generator to generate realistic structural states of soil which should be discriminated and simulation series are launched. The results show that different structural states may be discriminated by backscattering coefficient measures at different incidence angles. This coefficient is mainly influenced by the roughness due to the presence of clods at the surface. However, the roughness is not directly linked to the clod size and the backscattering coefficient is also influenced by the moisture : further investigations are still needed. Mainly, information on the volume are visible in the scattering signal and a temporal signal processing may allow to extract them
Dehoux, Thomas. "Génération et détection par couplage élasto-optique tridimensionnel de champs acoustiques picosecondes diffractés." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179637.
Full textLorsque des impulsions d'une durée inférieure à la picoseconde sont employées dans les métaux, une approche macroscopique n'est plus suffisante. Il est alors nécessaire d'expliciter les évolutions microscopiques impliquées dans le processus de génération. Ainsi, une méthode semi-analytique basée sur un modèle à deux températures 3D est développée dans la première partie de ce mémoire afin de décrire les phénomènes électroniques. En se propageant, l'onde acoustique divergente module l'indice optique en temps et en espace par couplage élasto-optique. La propagation de la lumière est alors perturbée, et sa mesure permet de caractériser la propagation acoustique. Dans la seconde partie de ce mémoire, l'interaction 3D de l'impulsion laser gaussienne avec le champ acoustique diffracté est donc modélisée.
Collin, Alice. "Dosimétrie de systèmes d’exposition pour l’étude in vivo ou in vitro des interactions des ondes électromagnétiques décimétriques et centimétriques avec le vivant." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/890646d5-f422-481e-8c9c-433bab0904ca/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4008.pdf.
Full textThe development of the new wireless technologies has strengthened the issue of possible effects of the microwave. So, this work contributes to the study of interactions between microwave and living cells. The analysis of the coupling between the electromagnetic fields and the animal or biological samples, allows to estimate SAR (W/kg) distribution in the biological medium. These results contribute to the development and the characterisation of in vivo and in vitro exposure setups, used on a large frequency band, typically from 500 MHz to 10 GHz. The systems studied are based on far field exposure in anechoïc chambers, with a horn antenna, and a biological setup: an incubator for the in vitro studies, and a box for in vivo studies. A more accurate analysis for two frequencies, 1800 MHz and 2,45 GHz, has shown the very strong influence of the frequency on dosimetric analysis
Wasselynck, Guillaume. "Etude des interactions entre les ondes électromagnétiques de fréquences moyennes et les matériaux composites : application à l'assemblage par induction de ces matériaux." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2094.
Full textDue to their excellent mechanical properties and their light weight, the composite materials have a growing range of applications in industry. This work focuses on long Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites (CFRP). During the different steps of life cycle of this material, a heating procedure is necessary. Since carbon fibers are conductive, it is possible to use induction to heat the composite. The purpose of this thesis is to establish a model of induction heating of composites. To model this system, it is necessary to understand the eddy current path in the composite. A CFRP is non homogeneous and highly anisotropic. Furthermore, the fibers are randomly distributed in the matrix and there is an important scale factor between the diameter of fibers which is 7 μm and the size of the composite sheet which may be several meters. To overcome these difficulties, a two scales homogenization method is introduced. The composite is divided into elementary bricks which are statically representative of the whole material. In elementary bricks, the microscopic impedances are calculated to obtain the tensor of electrical conductivities along the 3 axes taking into account the different orientations of fibers in different layers. In the macroscopic scale, these conductivities are introduced in a FEM model to determine the current circulation in the composite. Then, the electromagnetic model is coupled to a thermal problem in order to determine the temperature distribution in CFRP. This coupling takes into account the change of physical properties as a function of the temperature. The developed models were used for the feasibility study of a new assembly technique of CFRP
Bismut, Gabriel. "Excitations d’un condensat de Bose-Einstein dipolaire." Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_bismut.pdf.
Full textAbstract : In our experiments, we have studied a chromium Bose-Einstein condensate. Because of the strong magnetic moment of chromium, these experiments enabled us to characterize the influence of dipolar interactions on the hydrodynamic and magnetic properties of a condensate. These interactions are anisotropic and long range, as opposed to contact interactions. We have studied a “quadrupole-like” collective excitation mode of the chromium condensate. We have observed that the frequency of this mode is dependent on the orientations of the atomic dipoles, given by the direction of the external magnetic field. Moreover, we have used Bragg spectroscopy in order to measure the shift caused by dipolar interactions on the Bogoliubov excitations energies. In the phononic regime, our results reveal the anisotropy of the velocity of sound, which depends on the direction of the sound wave with respect to the axis of the dipoles. We have also studied dipolar relaxation, which is a type of inelastic collision caused by dipolar interactions. We have observed that the collision rate is directly related to pair correlations in the condensate. Furthermore, we have shown that this rate is strongly dependent on the dimensionality of the system. At very low magnetic fields, dipolar interactions are responsible for a spontaneous demagnetization of the condensate, which we have also observed. Our experiments were made easier by the building of a passive optical cavity, which was used to effectively stabilize our new lasers
Ghanmi, Amal. "Analyse de l'exposition aux ondes électromagnétiques des enfants dans le cadre des nouveaux usages et nouveaux réseaux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974902.
Full textMoussati, Ali El. "Nouveaux algorithmes pour la modélisation physique macroscopique électrique et électromagnétique des circuits microondesà l'état solide." Lille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL10081.
Full textFall, Abdou Khadir. "Étude des chambres réverbérantes à brassage de modes en ondes millimétriques : application à l’étude des interactions ondes-vivant." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0001/document.
Full textNowadays, there is a massive emergence of new electronic systems operating at increasing frequencies, especially in the millimeter waves range (30-300 GHz). As a consequence, development of new appropriate test facilities in the millimeter waves range is needed. ln particular, the study of the biocompatibility of the se systems is cie arly identified as a research priority in electromagnetism. ln this context, this thesis deals with the design and the evaluation of a modestirred reverberation chamber (RC) properties in the Ka band (26.5-40 GHz), U band (40-60 GHz) and V band (50-75 GHz). The intended application in this thesis concerns the development of a dosimetric tool using an infrared camera in a reverberation chamber. Firstly, we numerically analyze the statistical behavior of the electric field in the test volume of such an RC. A numerical model based on image theory is used to simulate the cavity. With Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test, we show !hat the chamber behaves very weil at millimeter waves frequency in terms of statistical distribution of the field in the test volume. Secondly, a compact reverberation chamber is designed and built up, with the following internai dimensions 42.3 x 41.2 x 38.3 cm3 . The statistical uniformity of power density in the chamber volume is obtained by frequency stirring. The RC is associated with a positioning system for spatial sampling of power inside reverberation chamber. The interfaces are also studied in order to reduce any significant leakage. Waveguides are used in the transmission and reception chains to minimize losses. We have also set up ali the equipment necessary for carrying out measurements (source, spectrum analyzer, mixer). The RC is characterized in the 58.5-61.5 GHz range. The results are satisfactory in terms of the quality factor level and the statistical distribution of the power in the test volume. Thirdly, an interface is designed and integrated on one of the chamber walls for temperature measurement by an infrared camera. Preliminary measurements are performed on a phantom consisting essentially of water. Experimental results of the phantom temperature rise are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. This confirms thal the designed reverberation chamber allows to expose the deviee under test with a statistically uniform and calibrated power. Such a deviee is a valuable asse! for EMC testing of electronic equipments in the 26.5 to 60 GHz frequency range. This RC could also permit to conduct preliminary tests in the context of the millimeter waves interactions with being organisms
Dalibard, Jean. "Le rôle des fluctuations dans la dynamique d'un atome couple au champ électromagnétique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066393.
Full textLuc, Jérôme. "Interaction des ondes éléctromagnétiques avec le vivant : étude et dosimétrie numérique de systèmes d'exposition aux fréquences microondes." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0059.
Full textIn front of the question of possible health effects of electromagnetic fields, and especially those that are caused by use of mobile phone, many research programs have begun in France and all over the world. Thus, this thesis is in the framework of the study of interaction of electromagnetic waves with the biological matter, and relates more precisely to numerical dosimetry. This one is made with an FDTD code. The study of head-phone interaction makes it possible to characterise the standard exposure of a cellular telephone. Thus, the need to use a realistic model of head, in order to take account of the heterogeneity of this last one, led us to realise a numerical model of head with MRI images. Before the dosimetric studies, evolutions have been brought to FDTD code and particular points have been studied: the excitation source, PML boundary condition and uncertainties of the SAR calculation. Then, the influence of the antenna and its position, like the phone position and the use of the hand-free kit, have been observed. The helix antenna is largely used in mobile telephony. To realise a dosimetric study of head-phone system with this antenna, an equivalent model, based on the self-inductive properties of the helix, has been developed. Concerning the exposure systems, we have been interested in a 'localised' system, with a loop antenna. In the framework of the COMOBIO project, French program of the RNRT, this system have been studied and it makes it possible to expose a rat under conditions which approach a standard exposure of cellular phones. At 900 MHz, the influence of the rat's model on the dosimetry of this system has been observed. Moreover, the adaptation of the system to the various frequencies of mobile telephony has been studied, like his dosimetry at 1800 MHz. A second system called 'whole body', using an horn antenna, has also been studied. The performances of those exposure systems have been compared with a plane wave illumination (device 'whole body') and carrousel (device 'head only')
Gelé, Denis. "Recherche du boson de Higgs standard par le canal e+ e- → He+ e- dans l'expérience L3." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10068.
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