Dissertations / Theses: 'Interaction Env'

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Lu, Karyn Y. "Interaction Design Principles for Interactive Television." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6962.

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Interactive television (iTV) is an umbrella term used to cover the convergence of television with digital media technologies such as computers, personal video recorders, game consoles, and mobile devices, enabling user interactivity. Increasingly, viewers are moving away from a "lean back" model of viewing to a more active "lean forward" one. When fully realized on a widespread scale in the United States, our current experience of watching television will be dramatically transformed. Because iTV is a new medium in its own right, however, standards for iTV programming and interaction in the United States remain undefined. This document identifies and articulates interaction design principles for interactive television programming in the United States. Chapter one presents a brief survey of the field as it stands in 2005. In chapters two and three, I categorize iTV by platforms and by persistent television genres, and present representative examples for each category. In chapter four, I provide an overview of existing design standards in related areas. Insights from chapters two, three, and four all serve to inform chapter five, in which I propose principles for iTV interaction design by looking closely at existing designs (both deployed and prototyped), conventions, and patterns of interaction. My analyses are rooted in visual culture and human-computer interaction design principles, and the design principles I offer are abstracted from the applications I analyze within this framework. Finally, in chapter six, I offer some conclusions and thoughts for future directions.

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Mawson, Mark. "Interactive fluid-structure interaction with many-core accelerators." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/interactive-fluidstructure-interaction-with-manycore-accelerators(a4fc2068-bac7-4511-960d-41d2560a0ea1).html.

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The use of accelerator technology, particularly Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), for scientific computing has increased greatly over the last decade. While this technology allows larger and more complicated problems to be solved faster than before it also presents another opportunity: the real-time and interactive solution of problems. This work aims to investigate the progress that GPU technology has made towards allowing fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems to be solved in real-time, and to facilitate user interaction with such a solver. A mesoscopic scale fluid flow solver is implemented on third generation nVidia ‘Kepler’ GPUs in two and three dimensions, and its performance studied and compared with existing literature. Following careful optimisation the solvers are found to be at least as efficient as existing work, reaching peak efficiencies of 93% compared with theoretical values. These solvers are then coupled with a novel immersed boundary method, allowing boundaries defined at arbitrary coordinates to interact with the structured fluid domain through a set of singular forces. The limiting factor of the performance of this method is found to be the integration of forces and velocities over the fluid and boundaries; the arbitrary location of boundary markers makes the memory accesses during these integrations largely random, leading to poor utilisation of the available memory bandwidth. In sample cases, the efficiency of the method is found to be as low as 2.7%, although in most scenarios this inefficiency is masked by the fact that the time taken to evolve the fluid flow dominates the overall execution time of the solver. Finally, techniques to visualise the fluid flow in-situ are implemented, and used to allow user interaction with the solvers. Initially this is achieved via keyboard and mouse to control the fluid properties and create boundaries within the fluid, and later by using an image based depth sensor to import real world geometry into the fluid. The work concludes that, for 2D problems, real-time interactive FSI solvers can be implemented on a single laptop-based GPU. In 3D the memory (both size and bandwidth) of the GPU limits the solver to relatively simple cases. Recommendations for future work to allow larger and more complicated test cases to be solved in real-time are then made to complete the work.

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Pinheiro, Clemilton Lopes. "Integração de fatos formulativos e interacionais na construção do texto : um estudo a partir da topicalidade /." Assis : [s.n], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102480.

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Possui anexo em volume separado
Orientador: Clélia Cândida Abreu Spinardi Jubran
Banca: José Gaston Hilgert
Banca: Ingedore Grunfeld Villaça Koch
Banca: Maria Helena de Moura Neves
Banca: Odilon Helou Fleury Curado
Resumo: Neste trabalho, investigo a integração de fatos formulativos e interacionais, na construção do texto, a partir da análise da sua organização tópica. A análise da organização tópica leva em consideração a identificação e delimitação de segmentos tópicos e dos procedimentos pelos quais esses segmentos se distribuem na linearidade do texto e se recobrem hierarquicamente. A maneira como os segmentos tópicos, nível intertópico, e os enunciados que compõem esses segmentos, nível intratópico, se vinculam lingüisticamente na materialidade do texto constitui a estratégia textual-interativa que denomino de articulação tópica. Tomo, então, a articulação tópica como uma estratégia de formulação textual que apresenta demandas pragmáticas, e detecto os mecanismos pelos quais ela se atualiza em diferentes usos da língua, analisando-os como fatos textuais-interativos. Os postulados da Pragmática, da Lingüística Textual de orientação mais recente e da perspectiva textual-interativa formam o tripé teórico que orienta o trabalho. Os dados foram coletados em um corpus constituído de textos selecionados entre gêneros textuais prototípicos de fala e de escrita e intermediários: carta pessoal, artigo de opinião, artigo científico, conversação espontânea, aula, palestra, entrevista falada e escrita e reportagem, de televisão e de revista. Os resultados mostraram que, como mecanismos de articulação tópica, são empregados marcadores discursivos, formas referenciais, formulações metadiscursivas, perguntas e paráfrases, que realizam, tanto no plano da constituição interna dos segmentos tópicos mínimos, intratópico, como no plano da articulação desses segmentos entre si, intertópico, movimentos que sinalizam a construção textual, relacionados a diversos aspectos do processo interacional.
Abstract: In this work, I investigate the integration of facts formulativos and interactive, in the operation of the text, starting from the analysis of its topical organization. The analysis of the topical organization takes in consideration the identification and delimitation of topical segments and of the procedures for the which those segments are distributed in the sequencing of the text and is recovered hierarchically. The way as the topical segments, level intertopical, and the statements that compose those segments, level intratopical, is linguistically linked in the text surface constitutes the textual-interactive strategy that denominate of topical articulation. I take, then, the topical articulation as a strategy of textual formulation that it presents pragmatic demands, and I detect the mechanisms for the which she is used in different instances of the language, analyzing them as textual-interactive facts. The postulates of the Pragmatic, of the Textual Linguistics of more recent orientation and of the textual-interactive perspective they form the theoretical tripod that guides the work. The data were collected within a corpus constituted of texts selected among spoken, written and intermediate prototypical textual genres: personal letter, opinion article, scientific article, spontaneous conversation, class, lecture, written and spoken interviews and of magazines and televisions report. The results showed that, as mechanisms of topical articulation, discursive markers, referential forms, formulations metadiscursivas, questions and paraphrases are used. This mechanisms accomplish, so much in the plan of the internal constitution of the minimum topical segments, intratopical, as in the plan of the articulation of those segments to each other, intertopical, movements that signal the textual construction, related to several aspects of the process interactive.
Doutor

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Fabre, John B., and n/a. "Designing time at the user interface a study of temporal aspects of usability." Swinburne University of Technology, 2000. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060712.121947.

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This thesis is concerned with temporal factors from the perspective of the interactive designer/interface designer and usability as a construct for guiding design activity. The research reported herein examines the many factors which emerge when considering the name of interaction at the user interface. Temporal Aspects of Usability (TAU) is presented as a multivariate construct. It is neither a property that exists 'in the head alone' not is it an aspect of the system but rather an emergent property arising from task based interactions. From a theoretical perspective, it is argued that the inclusion of temporal considerations to the task model more fully specifies 'Usability' as a design construct. A model of TAU is evolved and validated utilizing situated interviews with designers. This resulted in an Enhanced model of TAU. A method for developing temporally informed task models, KAT-LITTER (Leveraging Interactions Through Effective Responses), provides temporal design heuristics as the confluence of, KAT (Knowledge Analysis of Task) a task analysis method, and the enhanced TAU model. As a method, KAT-LITTER is device independent, data centered, domain specific and necessarily independent of existing implementations. A process evaluation of KAT-LITTER showed that it influenced the design process in two significant ways: firstly, designers using KAT-LITTER spent more time reasoning about temporal issues than designers using KAT alone, and secondly these same designers considered a broader spectrum of temporal issues. The development of TAU, its accompanying method, KAT-LITTER, complete with a notational system for analysis represent a significant step forward.

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Galloway, Dayna. "Establishing methodologies for the analysis and development of interactive documentary." Thesis, Abertay University, 2013. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/9e5996a7-e9e9-4538-a4bb-c940cacc1f7a.

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This work explores the interactive documentary as a hybrid, emergent cultural form that has been shaped by the growth of digital interactive entertainment. Through investigation and analysis of the historical background of documentary, the research discusses the development of documentary film, examining the notions of truth, objectivity and authorship in factual media, and their relationship with existing understandings of interactivity. Critical parameters are then derived to objectify the process of deconstructing interactive and documentary media forms. An inclusive view is taken on the categorisation and classification of interactive documentary, informed by the fundamental constructs of both traditional documentary and interactive media. The constructs and structures of interaction and narrative are highlighted to facilitate the identification and examination of existing examples of factual interactive entertainment– from computer generated documentary games to navigable filmic forms. The thesis proposes a range of characterisation frameworks for the study of interactive documentary and these are applied towards case study analysis of sixteen interactive productions. The final work presented in this thesis proposes a theoretical framework for the analysis and development of immersive, interactive documentary experiences, encompassing the processes of content creation and consumption from the perspectives of both audience and director.

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Mohamed, Shamim P. "End-user specification of interactive displays." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186439.

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Presenting data graphically can often increase its understandability--well-designed graphics can be more effective than a tabular display of numbers. It is much easier to get an understanding of the relationships and groupings in data by looking at a pictorial representation than at raw numbers. Most visualization systems to date, however, have allowed users to only choose from a small number of pre-defined display methods. This does not allow the easy development of new and innovative display techniques. These systems also present a static display--users cannot interact with and explore the data. More innovative displays, and the systems that implement them, tend to be extremely specialised, and closely associated with an underlying application. We propose techniques and a system where the user can specify most kinds of displays. It provides facilities to integrate user-input devices into the display, so that users can interact and experiment with the data. This encourages an exploratory approach to data understanding. Most users of such systems have the sophistication to use advanced techniques, but conventional programming languages are too hard to learn just for occasional use. It is well known that direct manipulation is a powerful technique for novice users; systems that use it are much easier to learn and remember for occasional use. We provide a system that uses these techniques to provide a visualization tool. Extensions to the WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) metaphor are provided to handle its shortcomings, the difficulty of specifying deferred actions and abstract objects. In the data graphics domain, the main drawbacks of WYSIWYG systems are the difficulty of allowing a variable number of data items, and specifying conditional structures. This system also encourages re-use and sharing of commonly used display idioms. Pre-existing displays can be easily incorporated into new displays, and also modified to suit the users' specific needs. This allows novices and unsophisticated users to modify and effectively use display techniques that advanced users have designed.

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Mandage, Rajendra 1984. "Understanding interactions between EBV and human genomic variation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586328.

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The EBV has been linked to multiple human disease phenotypes and has been associated with cancers and other infections. Recently single gene analysis and genome-wide analysis studies have been exploited to uncover the human genetic variants that are linked with EBV diseases. It also suggested the substantial role of individual host genetics and also provided a clue in understanding the interaction between virus and human. Furthermore, the outcome of the EBV infection is a complex phenomenon governs by the variation in the genetic architecture of the viral and human genomes and/or the interacting environmental factors. Therefore, this PhD work is mainly a large-scale effort towards the understanding of the human and EBV genetic architecture to uncover the role of genetic variation in EBV associated infections, disease susceptibility, immune recognition and invasion. Our results also provide a framework on the impact of human and EBV genetic variation and their unusual interactions that highlight the human genetic influence affecting viral load reflecting the clinical behavior of EBV in LCLs and the other side viral antigenic variation modulating immune response to sustain persistence infection. This EBV-human perturbation is essential to follow-up in the context of the susceptibility of individual populations to a specific EBV associated pathology.

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McKenzie, Graeme. "EHV-1 and its interactions with cellular membranes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604289.

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Equine herpes virus 1 (EHV-1) causes abortion and neurological disease in horses, largely through the infection of endothelial cells and consequent inflammation which leads to a disruption of the vascular supply to the pregnant uterus and spinal cord. Although many different cell types are susceptible to infection, it is the cell associated viraemia which disseminates virus to these sites of secondary replication. Therefore, in recent years a great deal of research has focused on understanding the binding and entry of EHV-1 to several mammalian cell types. Like other alphaherpes viruses, EHV-1 has been shown to utilise several binding receptors and uptake mechanisms to infect its many permissible cell types. In the current study the physical characteristics of EHV-1 were determined and the mechanism of viral binding and fusion into rabbit kidney 13 cells (RK13s) and resting and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was observed. EHV-1 was identified as being 266 nm in diameter and had a zeta potential of -33 mV. Heat inactivated (HI) EHV-1 was shown to co -localise with GM-1 suggesting that it may associate with lipid rafts. Following infection of PBMC collected from horses with homozygous major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC-1) serological haplotypes (A2, A3 and A9) withEHV-1 strain RacL11 expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in place of glycoprotein 2(.1gp2), no apparent difference in infection was observed. Various fluorescence ii based fusion and endocytosis experiments were carried out using HI EHV- l Ab4 to infect RK13s and equine PBMC to examine the mechanisms involved, but the techniques proved too insensitive. The data suggest that initially, EHV-l associates with rafts and that MHC- l haplotype has no effect on viral infection of PBMCs. It was concluded that heat inactivation may damage viral glycoproteins sufficiently to reduce viral fusion and that future experiments should use live, infectious virus. ii

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Popov, Igor. "End-user data-centric interactions over linked data." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/361729/.

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The ability to build tools that support gathering and querying information from distributed sources on the Web rests on the availability of structured data. Linked Data, as a way for publishing and linking distributed structured data sources on the Web, provides an opportunity to create this kind of tools. Currently, however, the ability to complete such tasks over Linked Data sources is limited to users with advanced technical skills, resulting in an online information space largely inaccessible to non-technical end users. This thesis explores the challenges of designing user interfaces for end users, those without technical skills, to use Linked Data to solve information tasks that require combining information from multiple sources. The thesis explores the design space around interfaces that support access to Linked Data on demand, suggests potential use cases and stakeholders, and proposes several direct manipulation tools for end users with diverse needs and skills. User studies indicate that the tools built offer solutions to various challenges in accessing Linked Data that are identified in this thesis.

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Palmquist, Lena. "Exploring self-efficacy in end-user programming : a feminist approach." Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91504.

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Digital services and devices are today more spread than ever, forming a basis for new innovations, even among ordinary people. And yet, producers of such services and devices are mostly men with programming skills. Women's participation in development and design of digital products is thus not yet as influential as that of men. An approach to this situation is to offer web-based environments for end-user development where people with no programming experiences have the opportunity to develop their own smartphone applications. The SATIN project, a collaboration between universities and IT-companies, has taken such an approach, with a focus on supporting female end-users. This project has been serving as a case in this research with the purpose of exploring and understanding end-user programming related to self-efficacy and female strategies. Experiences from being a member of the SATIN project are accounted for as well as results from qualitative observation studies capturing subjects’ reactions to the system. In the first set of observations, 9 subjects tested a mock-up version of the so-called SATIN editor, where the actual app building takes place. Later on a second set of observations with 11 subjects focused on how to support computer self-efficacy and end-user programming strategies that women prefer to a higher degree than men. Observations indicate that the women where as positive to making use of the editor as the men. The test subjects also showed signs of motivation as well as creativity while exploring the system. An observation related to design aspects of the system was that the quality of the components that form the smartphone apps seems to be crucial if the system is expected to truly support strategies that women request. Supporting women's own perceptions of self-efficacy related to developing computer-based systems is challenging, still indications of acceptance and enthusiasm for the system were observed. From a design perspective, using strategies and self-efficacy sources as an evaluation framework in the development process shows potential for improved design, and not only when designing for female users, but for diverse groups of users, hopefully paving the way for a more diverse community of producers of computer-based products.
SATIN 2 project

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Fitton, Ben. "A study of the interaction of end-binding proteins with microtubules." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80057/.

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Dynamic microtubules control cell shape, cell locomotion and the proper segregation of chromosomes. End Binding (EB) proteins are the key components of the microtubule (MT) plus tip (+TIP) protein network. EBs bind to the MT plus end and regulate microtubule dynamics. EBs localise to the microtubule tip by recognising the nucleotide state of tubulin. Mammalian cells express three members of the EB family (EB1, EB2 and EB3) that localise to spatial distinct sites on the microtubule in cells. Perturbation experiments in cells and in vitro reconstitution experiments have shown that EB1 and EB3 accelerate MT assembly and increase catastrophe frequency. This is a paradoxical effect, as an increase in growth speed should increase the size of the GTP cap thus decreasing the probability of catastrophe. To study this paradoxical effect an image analysis routine was developed to gain insight into any structural re-arrangement at the microtubule tip. An algorithm was developed to extract fluorescence intensity data along the length of a microtubule from time-lapse images. Curve fitting to these data allowed determination of the MT end position with sub-pixel resolution, the measurement of taper (i.e. the length difference of protofilaments at the microtubule end) and the quantitative analysis of the comet-shaped distributions of EB proteins at microtubule ends. The method was verified using synthetic images of MTs and then applied to time lapse movies of dynamic MTs from in vitro experiments where either the tubulin concentration or the EB3 concentration was varied. It was discovered that EB3 may increase microtubule taper, thereby de-stabilising the microtubule tip structure. Binding of the three EB proteins to spatial distinct sites at the MT tip was carefully re-investigated in-vitro by pair-wise comparison, and in relation to the MT tip. All three EB proteins were found to localise to distinct sites with EB3 found to bind closest to the MT tip and EB2 being the furthest from the MT tip. Based on structural data that became available during the course of the project, and additional evidence of different nucleotide preferences between EB1/EB3 and EB2, a dual nucleotide recognition model was conceived to explain these spatially distinct locations. The model assumes that an EB protein is sensitive to the nucleotide state at both E-sites close to its binding site at the interface of 4 tubulin dimers. All three EB proteins showed evidence of dual nucleotide recognition in mixed nucleotide lattice experiments designed to directly test the model. EB proteins recognise spatial distinct sites by recognising the pairwise nucleotide state of tubulin. As EB3 binds closest to the MT tip, it is best placed to affect microtubule dynamics by increasing taper, promoting a quicker growth phase and destabilising the microtubule. Within cells this is a useful concept as it can be up regulated to increase the dynamicity of MTs ensuring more efficient re-organisation of the cytoskeleton during cell differentiation or neuronal elongation.

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Eliwa, Essam. "A framework for interactive end-user web automation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13529/.

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This research investigates the feasibility and usefulness of a Web-based model for end-user Web automation. The aim is to empower end users to automate their Web interactions. Web automation is defined here as the study of theoretical and practical techniques for applying an end-user programming model to enable the automation of Web tasks, activities, or interactions. To date, few tools address the issue of Web automation; moreover, their functionality and usage are limited. A novel model is presented, which combines end-user programming techniques and the software tools philosophy with the vision of the “Web as a platform.” The model provided a Web-based environment that enables the rapid creation of efficient and useful Web-oriented automation tools. It consists of a command line for the Web, a shell scripting language, and a repository of Web commands. A framework called Web2Sh (Web 2.0 Shell) has been implemented, which includes the design and implementation of scripting language (WSh) enabling end users to create and customise Web commands. A number of Web2Sh-core Web commands were implemented. There are two techniques for extending the system: developers can implement new core Web commands, and the use of WSh by end users to connect, customise, and parameterise Web commands to create new commands. The feasibility and the usefulness of the proposed model have been demonstrated by implementing several automation scripts using Web2Sh, and by a case study based experiment that was carried out by volunteered participants. The implemented Web2Sh framework provided a novel and realistic environment for creating, customising, and running Web-oriented automation tools.

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McGill, Tanya. "An investigation of end user development success." McGill, Tanya (2002) An investigation of end user development success. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/196/.

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User development of applications provides end users with an alternative to the traditional process of systems development by allowing them to solve job related problems by developing their own software applications. User developed applications (UDAs) support decision making and organisational processes in the majority of organisations, and the ability to develop small applications forms part of the job requirements for many positions. Despite its pervasiveness, there are many risks associated with user development of applications. These risks result primarily from decreases in application quality that arise when end users have had little training and do not follow system development methodologies. The primary aim of the research described in this thesis is to gain a better understanding of UDA success. In particular, the thesis considers the role of system quality in UDA success and the ability of end user developers to judge whether the applications they develop will have a positive impact on their performance of tasks. The research also investigates factors that might impact upon this ability. The research objectives were addressed through two empirical studies. Two possible models of UDA success provided the starting point for Study 1. The first model is DeLone and McLean's (1992) model of IS success, and the second model is a version of this model that was modified to address concerns about the DeLone and McLean model and to reflect current research about UDA success. The models were tested using data from a field study involving business people participating in a business policy simulation, where they developed spreadsheet applications to assist in decision making. Structural equation modelling was used to test the models. Neither of the models was well supported by the data. However, the analysis provided strong support for relationships between perceived system quality and user satisfaction, information quality and user satisfaction, user satisfaction and intended use, and user satisfaction and individual impact. It is notable that the model paths that were supported in Study 1 were primarily those that reflect user perceptions rather than objective measures. This study highlighted that user perceptions of information systems success play a significant role in the UDA domain. The results did, however, suggest that there might be a direct relationship between system quality and individual impact. Study 2 was a laboratory experiment and the participants were end users from a range of organisations. A revised research model was developed based on the findings of Study 1, and structural equation modelling was again used to test the model. The model paths that were supported suggest that for small to moderate applications, increases in spreadsheet development knowledge lead to increases in system quality and consequently the development of better quality spreadsheets. They also suggest that for these kinds of applications, end users have realistic perceptions of system quality and hence that user satisfaction may be an appropriate measure of UDA success. The results of Study 2 also provided insight into the role of user involvement in end user development, clarifying the process by which benefits are obtained. The study also provided insight into the importance of spreadsheet development knowledge for successful use (as well as development) of a spreadsheet application. The results described in this thesis have practical implications for the management of user development of applications. They highlight the need either to increase end user levels of development knowledge via training so that end users can cope with applications of greater complexity, or to provide other forms of support for development. The role of organisational standards and guidelines is also be considered in the thesis and it is suggested that there is a particular need for guidelines on what kinds of applications are suitable for end user development.

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Rusli, Nor Dini. "Interactions between equine lymphocytes and equine herpesvirus-l (EHV-l)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606253.

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Equine herpesvirus-l (EHV -1) infects and causes contagious respiratory disease, epidemic abortion and sporadic neurological disease. In general, EHV -1 infection elicits the stimulation of both humoral and cellular immune responses in horses. As EHV -I is a persistent virus, its infection leads to latent infection during the first two weeks with chronic reactivations. Virus neutralising antibodies combat EHV-I infection by reducing nasal virus shedding, particularly in the nasopharynx, but they play insignificant roles in controlling systemic spread by cell-associated viraemia to the respiratory tract and lymphatic tissues. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is the most crucial aspect of EHV -I specific cell mediated immunity and its function is well described to protect against clinical disease, viraemia and nasopharyngeal virus shedding. EHV -I immediate early gene products (gene 64) have been shown to be targets for EHV -I specific CTL. Moreover, vaccination of ponies with the EHV -I gene 64 protein induces cell mediated immune responses resulting in the reduction of clinical and virological disease. This important finding underlines the substantial role of viral gene 64 in cell mediated immunity and highlights its potential for improved vaccination strategies. Therefore, the overall aim of this study was to identify peptide sequences of CTL epitopes within EHV-I immediate early protein's Fragment D (encoded by gene 64) in ponies expressing the MHC class I A31B2 allele. In order to achieve this, in vitro cellular techniques were established and T lymphocyte responses to EHV-I were quantified as a prerequisite for identifYing CTL t<\rget peptides. This first investigation aimed to measure activation of equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or infectious EHV-I by assessing interferon gamma (IFNy) synthesis detected by flow cytometry as a prelude to stimulating PBMC with gene 64 protein or peptides. The intra-assay and inter-assay variations of IFNy synthesis were characterised and the coefficients of variation of both assays were 8.42% and 5.8%. The phenotype of medium-stimulated and PMA-ionomycin stimulated PBMC comprised principally T cells as defined by antibodies specific for equine leukocyte markers. Intracellular IFNy expression after in vitro EHV -I stimulation of primed PBMC was assessed and revealed a very low percentage of IFNy secreting cells in the responding population. In order to induce cells to use for the preparation of equine T lymphocyte and CTL lines/clones, in vitro EHV -I stimulation of PBMC in bulk culture was characterised. Phenotypic analyses and viability of EHV-I stimulated PBMC showed that 5% NHS in culture medium at 7 days stimulation was more reliable to induce CDS+ cells compared with II 10% FCS, indicating the preferred use of 5%NHS in culture media to generate and assay equine CTLs. The next aim was to develop EHV-I specific T cell lines and clones from whole virus (EHV -I). Several attempts were made to generate these using mouse anti equine CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (clone UCF6G), autologous rhuIL-2 and mitomycin C treated PBMC as APC, but these failed. Using two different approaches; 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) and Cu (I)-catalysed cycloaddition 'click' reaction assay and tritiated thymidine eH] uptake to show Iymphocyte activation in response to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, it was demonstrated that the anti-CD3 mAb was able to activate cell proliferation and allowed cell division and population expansion. To further assist the establishment of CTL lines and clones, the peptides of the EHV-I immediate early protein's fragment 0 (amino acids 750-1143 in the lE protein) were investigated using an IFNy ELISPOT assay. This approach was optimised and characterised using medium, mitogen and EHV-I as the negative and positive controls. A library of 128 synthetic peptides was obtained comprising molecules of 14 amino acids in length, overlapping by 11 amino acids. All peptides were constructed into pool arrays linearly and overlapping peptides were not contained within the same pool. The optimal concentration of the peptide pool was determined and chosen as 0.048~g per well. This concentration was also used for screening the individual peptides. The results showed that several peptide pools , .. produced high number of spot-forming-cells significantly greater than the threshold for positivity and most of individual peptides stimulated an IFNy response from PBMC, suggesting that IFNy synthesis is too insensitive to detect CD8+ IFNy + responses. In summary, this study has demonstrated the potential of new and relevant in vitro techniques that can be applied to the investigation of CTL target peptide(s) of EHV-I as presented by the A3/B2 allele in horses. i ii

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Trushko, Anastasiya. "Interaction of XMAP215 with a Microtubule Plus-end Studied with Optical Tweezers." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-90014.

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Microtubules are a part of the cell cytoskeleton that performs different functions, such as providing the mechanical support for the shape of a cell, acting as tracks along which the motor protein move organelles from one part of the cell to another, or the forming mitotic spindle during the cell division. The microtubules are dynamic structures, namely they can grow and shrink. The phase of microtubule growth alternates with the phase of shrinkage that results in the dynamic microtubule network in the cell. However, to form stable and spatially well-defined structures, such as a mitotic spindle, the cell needs to control this stochastic process. This is done by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). One class of MAPs is the proteins of XMAP216/Dis1 family, which are microtubule polymerases. The founding member of this family is X. laevis XMAP215. XMAP215 is a processive polymerase acting on the microtubule plus end. XMAP215 binds either directly or reaches the microtubule plus end by the diffusion along the microtubule lattice. Being at the microtubule plus-end XMAP215 stays there transiently and helps to incorporate up to 25 tubulin dimers into microtubule lattice before it dissociates and, therefore, it processively tracks the growing microtubule end during polymerization. There are two hypothesis of microtubule assembly promotion: (i) XMAP215 repeatedly releases an associated tubulin dimer into the microtubule growing plus end or (ii) structurally stabilizes a polymerized tubulin intermediate at the growing plus end and, therefore, preventing depolymerization events. The first way results into the increase of on-rate of tubulin dimers at the microtubule end, whereas the second way results into the decrease of off-rate of tubulin dimers at the microtubule end. Here, I show the study of the mechanism of microtubule growth acceleration by XMAP215 and the dependence of XMAP215 polymerization activity on the applied force. To answer these questions, I investigated the addition of tubulin dimers to the plus end of the microtubule by XMAP215 and how this addition depends on the applied force. XMAP215 remains at the microtubule end for several rounds of tubulin addition surfing both growing and shrinking microtubule ends. Therefore, if one could track the position of the XMAP215 molecules at the very tip of a microtubule with sufficient resolution, it would provide the information about the dynamics of the microtubule end. The technique, which can detect the position of the object of interest with high spatial and temporal resolution in addition to being able to exert a force, is an optical trap. A calibrated optical trap not only provides a good measure of displacement but also enables force measurements. To monitor the position of the molecules of interest, the molecules of interest are usually attached to a microsphere. Hence, I tethered XMAP215 to a microsphere held by an optical trap, and used XMAP215 as a handle to interact with the microtubule tip. When the microtubule grows, the XMAP215 coated microsphere will move in the optical trap and this movement can be detected with high temporal and spatial resolution. My work demonstrates that cooperatively working XMAP215 molecules can not only polymerize microtubule but also harness the energy of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization to transport some cargo. There is an evidence that orthologues of XMAP215 in budding yeasts, fission yeasts and Drosophila localize on the kinetochores. Therefore, the ability of the bearing some load during microtubule polymerization could be potentially important for the XMAP215 functioning during cell division. I also showed the influence of external force applied to the XMAP215 molecules. Pointing toward microtubule growth, a force of 0.5 pN applied to the microtubule tip-coupled XMAP215-coated microsphere increases XMAP215 polymerization activity. However, the force of the same magnitude but applied against microtubule growth does not affect XMAP215 polymerization activity. This result can be explained by the fact, that the force acting in the direction of microtubule growth constrains XMAP215 to be at the very microtubule tip. Hence, XMAP215 can not diffuse away from plus-end and there is higher chance to incorporate tubulin dimers into the microtubule plus-end. The on- and off-rate of tubulin dimers at the microtubule end are both decreased when the external force applied either in direction of microtubule growth or opposite to it. The external force affects the off-rate slightly stronger than on-rate of tubulin dimer. Taking together, my study gives new insights into the mechanism of microtubule polymerization by XMAP215 and shows some novel properties of this protein.

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16

Rabe, Douglas Cameron. "Shock wave end wall boundary layer interaction in a transonic compressor rotor." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49872.

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The passage shock wave end wall boundary layer interaction in a transonic compressor was investigated with a laser transit anemometer. A two stage transonic compressor designed without inlet guide vanes was used in this flow field investigation. Measurements of the flow velocity were made within the first stage rotor passage of this transonic compressor. Laser measurements were made in two blade passages at six axial locations from 10% of the axial blade chord in front of the leading edge to 30% of the axial blade chord into the blade passage. At three of these axial locations, laser traverses were taken at different radial immersions to investigate the flow behavior near the tip end wall. Twenty-six different locations were traversed circumferentially. The measurements reveal that the end wall boundary layer in this region is separated from the core flow by what appears to be a shear layer where the passage shock wave and all ordered flow seem to end abruptly.
Ph. D.
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Turner, Moira Joyce. "An interactive simulation environment for end-to-end digital imaging system design and fidelity analysis." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623980.

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The detailed specification, implementation, and documentation of an interactive software environment based on a continuous/discrete/continuous imaging system model is presented. The purpose of the interactive environment is to support the design and performance analysis of end-to-end digital imaging systems. Development of the environment is based on the objectives of acceptable response time, large sampling grid capability, good graphical user interface design, independence from proprietary applications and portability among UNIX workstations. While one-dimensional variations of interactive design environments have been developed by the commercial active filter design community, there is little or no evidence that the increased complexity associated with the extension to two dimensions had been satisfactorily accomplished prior to the work in this dissertation. The computer time versus computer memory trade-off is discussed as it applies in this particular context, and the results of a systematic study of representation passband limits are presented. The object of the study was to determine the representation passband parameters beyond which any aliasing contribution from frequencies beyond the representation passband is invariably negligible. Validation of the environment is documented by an exhaustive consideration of simple input scenes comprised of a uniform square on a uniform background, in which the square can be arbitrarily small and arbitrarily located within the scene. The effects of sampling and the dependence of those effects on sample-scene phase are illustrated in 1-D, used as a predictor for the 2-D outcome, and then illustrated in 2-D for the purpose of comparing the projected and actual results.

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18

Matskova, Liudmila V. "EBV membrane protein LMP2A interactions with ubiquitin ligases and signaling scaffold /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-068-0/.

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19

Smith, Deborah Jane. "The interactions of EHV-1 infected leucocytes and equine endothelial cells." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312339.

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20

Wilson, Nadine. "The interaction between end-users and systems analysts, the effects of end-user/analyst conflict on perceived system success." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0021/MQ48302.pdf.

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21

Chin, Jeannette Shiaw Yuan. "Pervasive interactive programming : empowering end users to customise digital homes." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502161.

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22

Indurthi, Venkata. "Interactions of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (Rage) with Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and S100B." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25817.

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RAGE is a multi-ligand pattern recognition receptor. RAGE can bind several damage associated molecular pattern proteins. RAGE- ligand interaction is pathophysiologically relevant to several major diseases including diabetes and certain cancers. RAGE inhibition has been reported to reduce morbidity in these disease states. However, to design better RAGE inhibitors it is necessary to understand the structural basis behind the RAGE-ligand interaction and currently this is not well understood. This thesis focuses on understanding the interaction of RAGE with two of its ligands; AGEs and S100B. AGEs are highly heterogeneous and are formed as a result of non-enzymatic glycation. A panel of AGEs were characterized in terms of their side chain modifications, thermal stability, secondary structure, aggregation and surface charge. These glycation induced changes were then correlated to RAGE binding. Building on these results the role of AGE-RAGE interaction in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration was determined. Ribose modified BSA induced ROS formation, which then triggered NF-?B upregulation via RAGE induced ROS signaling. Ribose BSA increased pancreatic cell proliferation and migration. Anti-RAGE antibodies and RAGE inhibitors prevented AGE induced cellular effects. The role of ribose modified BSA was also determined in macrophage activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Rapid internalization was observed of the ribose-BSA and confocal imaging revealed the internalization of the AGE compound into the lysosomes which lead to the ROS production, NF-?B activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in a RAGE independent signaling mechanism. Finally, the role of tryptophan residues of the V domain in domain stability and S100B binding was determined. We have generated single, double and triple tryptophan mutants of the V domain by site directed mutagenesis. The effect of Trp residues in the domain stability could not elucidated as no change was observed in the secondary structure of the mutants when compared to the wild type suggesting the plasticity of the V-domain. The fluorescence emission and life time properties of each Trp residue was determined. Our binding assays of the Trp Ala mutants indicate tighter binding of the S100B to the mutants. The S100-RAGE peptide structures suggest multi modal interaction of S100B-RAGE interaction.

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Poraj-Kozminski, Agatha. "Alkyl ketene dimer and precipitated calcium carbonate interactions in wet-end papermaking." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99008.

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This thesis investigates the interactions between alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). Although the mechanisms behind AKD sizing and reactions with cellulose have been studied in-depth, methods describing AKD retention are poorly understood. The aim of this research was to determine the conditions and time-scale under which AKD and PCC heteroflocculate, and to determine the influence of PCC on non-retained AKD. We also wanted to understand the mechanisms behind AKD interactions with cPAM, and perform experiments on the twin-wire sheet former. We outline a procedure for creating an AKD emulsion coated by cationic starch and free of extraneous substances. We find that AKD and PCC each homoflocculate, but no heteroflocculation occurs between the two chemicals. This suggests that PCC and AKD do not directly interact. Instead, starch removal from the AKD particle surface aids the homoflocculation of PCC (via polymer bridging). This indicates that the alkaline environment is the most significant factor contributing to AKD hydrolysis. More importantly, we find that AKD and PCC are not likely to interact in the whitewater cycle. This refutes the general idea that PCC lowers AKD retention. Adsorption kinetic experiments revealed that although cationic AKD and cPAM do not flocculate, cPAM does increase the retention of AKD by assisting its deposition onto fibers. Asymmetrical polymer bridging explains both the increase in AKD retention and the behavior of AKD flocculation kinetics with cPAM. Although the initial kinetics are nearly independent of cPAM dosage, excess cPAM delays the achievement of maximum possible AKD retention due to starch and cPAM re-conformation. Lastly, it was found that the addition of cPAM results in an increase in the bond strength between AKD and fibers, thereby eliminating AKD detachment. Studies on the twin-wire sheet former found that cPAM increases the first-pass retention of AKD three-fold. The twin-wire former was proven to be a useful tool for studying AKD retention.

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Ueda, Julia Fumiko. "Análise de cartas de leitor de revista de divulgação científica /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100087.

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Orientador: Antônio Suárez Abreu
Banca: Paulo de Tarso Galembeck
Banca: Maria Inês G. Lucena
Resumo: Tem este trabalho o objetivo de estudar, do ponto de vista da análise do discurso e da lingüística cognitiva, o gênero carta, mais especificamente as cartas de leitores dirigidas a uma revista de divulgação científica brasileira chamada de Superinteressante. Constatamos, em nossa análise, que muitas delas apresentam caráter subjetivo, manifestando simpatia pelas matérias da revista, o que inclui também um certo tom confessional. Outras delas manifestam formações discursivas ideológicas distintas, vinculadas ao senso comum ou a heranças culturas passadas. Há ainda outras que se caracterizam por serem cartas de autoridade, ou seja, emitidas por pessoas que têm conhecimento dos temas tratados e que querem fazer críticas positivas ou negativas à maneira como a revista tratou o assunto em questão.
Abstract: This work has the aim of studying, from the standpoint of the discourse analysis and the cognitive linguistics, a gender of letters, more speciffically letters from readers sent to a scientific divulgation magazine called Superinteressante. We have verified, in our analysis, that some of them presented subjective character, expressing sympathy for the subjects of the magazine, which includes also a sort of confessional feature. Some of them presented distinct discursive ideological structures connected to the common wisdom or to ancient cultural heritages. There were others distinguished by being authority letters, that is wrote by people who have knowledge about the treated subjects, who wanted to criticize in a positive or negative way the manner how the magazine dealt with the subject in focus.
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25

Reynolds, Keightley. "Who pays at the end? : interaction of network differentiation and pricing policy in telecommunications." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5707.

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26

McDowall, Mark. "Human protein-protein interaction prediction." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/697e465a-edbd-41d2-acda-5910a49e4157.

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Protein-protein interactions are essential for the survival of all living cells, allowing for processes such as cell signalling, metabolism and cell division to occur. Yet in humans there are only >38k annotated interactions of an interactome estimated to range between 150k to 600k interactions and out of a potential 300M protein pairs.Experimental methods to define the human interactome generate high quality results, but are expensive and slow. Computational methods play an important role to fill the gap.To further this goal, the prediction of human protein-protein interactions was investigated by the development of new predictive modules and the analysis of diverse datasets within the framework of the previously established PIPs protein-protein interaction predictor Scott and Barton 2007. New features considered include the semantic similarity of Gene Ontology annotating terms, clustering of interaction networks, primary sequences and gene co-expression. Integrating the new features in a naive Bayesian manner as part of the PIPs 2 predictor resulted in two sets of predictions. With a conservative threshold, the union of both sets is >300k predicted human interactions with an intersect of >94k interactions, of which a subset have been experimentally validated. The PIPs 2 predictor is also capable of making predictions in organisms that have no annotated interactions. This is achieved by training the PIPs 2 predictor based on a set of evidence and annotated interactions in another organism resulting in a ranking of protein pairs in the original organism of interest. Such an approach allows for predictions to be made across the whole proteome of poorly characterised organism, rather than being limited only to proteins with known orthologues. The work described here has increased the coverage of the human interactome and introduced a method to predict interactions in organisms that have previously had limited or no annotated interactions. The thesis aims to provide a stepping stone towards the completion of the human interactome and a way of predicting interactions in organisms that have been less well studied, but are often clinically relevant.

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27

Martin, H. "Interactions of the Epstein-Barr virus with cells and complement." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355266.

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28

Toledo, Carmen Zilda Pereira de. "Morfologia da placenta e interação materno-fetal em jumentas (Equus asinus) da raça Pêga /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89023.

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Resumo: Objetivou-se com este estudo analisar a morfologia placentária de fêmeas asininas, espécie, cuja importância no meio rural é de inestimável valor, sendo poucas as informações detalhadas sobre sua placenta, "órgão" imprescindível à viabilidade fetal e a interação materno-fetal, mediante estudo macroscópico, microscópico e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, os quais, exceto a macroscopia, foram realizados também na interação materno-fetal (útero-placentária). Para tanto, utilizaram-se onze fêmeas desta espécie e foram colhidas 11 placentas logo após a parição a campo, no instante de sua liberação, além de fragmentos de uma placenta oriunda de uma dessas 11 fêmeas, que teve sua gestação acompanhada por duas vezes. Assim, na primeira delas realizou-se operação cesariana e fragmentos da interação materno-fetal foram colhidos; parte deles fixados para posterior processamento usual em histologia e, outra parte, fixada e processada para análise à microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Sua segunda gestação foi acompanhada até o momento da parição e a liberação da placenta após parto normal, sendo colhida na íntegra. Após a colheita, as onze placentas foram pesadas, analisadas macroscopicamente e alguns fragmentos placentários fixados para subseqüente processamento usual em histologia; outros fragmentos foram fixados convenientemente para posterior processamento à microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Das peças analisadas e das preparações microscópicas e ultraestruturais, foram realizadas fotografias, fotomicrografias e ultrafotografias para a documentação. Verificou-se que o valor médio dos pesos dos jumentos, como os pesos das placentas, em relação aos neonatos foi de 8.36.1.10 e 13,18% respectivamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this study was analyzing the placental morphology of female asinines, species whose importance in the rural area is priceless, being little the detailed information about their placenta, vital "organ" to fetal viability and maternal fetal interaction, upon macroscopic, microscopic study, and scanning electron microscopy, which, except the macroscopy, were performed also in the maternal fetal interaction (placental-uterus). Therefore, eleven females of this species were used and eleven placentae were collected right after the calving down at field, in the instant of their release, besides the placenta fragments of one of these eleven females, which had its gestation followed-up twice. Thus, in the first of them, a caesarian operation was performed and fragments of the maternal fetal interaction were collected; part of them fixed for future usual processing in histology and, the other part, fixed and processed for analyses to scanning electron microscopy. Its second gestation was followed up until the moment of calving and the liberation of the placenta after the normal calving, being collected at full. After being collected, the eleven placentae were weighed, analyzed macroscopically and some placental fragments fixed for later usual processing in histology; other fragments were fixed conveniently for future processing to scanning electron microscopy. Among the analyzed pieces and the microscopic and ultra structural preparations, photographs, photomicrographs and ultra photographs were taken for the documentation. It was found that the average weights of the donkeys, as the weights of the placentae, in relation to the neonates were 8.36.1.10 and 13.18% respectively... (Coplete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Gilson Hélio Toniollo
Coorientador: Márcia Rita Fernandes Machado
Banca: Marion Burkhardt de Koivisto
Banca: Marcos Lania de Araújo
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29

Teixeira, Lauro Henrique de Paiva. "Televisão digital : interação e usabilidade /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89489.

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Orientador: Ana Sílvia Lopes Davi Médola
Banca: Alex Fernando Teixeira Primo
Banca: Antônio Carlos de Jesus
Resumo: Este trabalho analisa a relevância da usabilidade e do design de interação na produção de conteúdo interativo para televisão digital. A partir da observação de programas interativos nacionais e internacionais, busca-se compreender a introdução de elementos novos na linguagem televisiva em plataforma digital de transmissão aberta. Com a televisão digital, os emissores terão o desafio de adequar as múltiplas possibilidades de produção e distribuição de conteúdo da mais alta tecnologia, para um público de cultura heterogênea e de contrastes sociais marcantes. Nesse universo a preocupação com a usabilidade deve facilitar a comunicação em processos de interação em diferentes graus de complexidade. A pesquisa analisa em que medida os atuais conceitos de usabilidade e design de interação são relevantes na produção de conteúdo interativo para a televisão digital brasileira. Essa abordagem é feita com foco na consistência da grade de programação em paralelo aos aspectos reestruturantes da televisão na convergência com o ciberespaço
Abstract: This research looks for the relevance of the usability and interactive design in the interactive content production for digital television. Based on the observation of national and international content, looking to understand the adding of new elements in the television language on digital platform of open broadcast. With the digital television, the senders will have the challenge to adjust the multiple production possibilities and broadcast of content of the highest technology, for a public of heterogeneous culture and sociality divide. In this universe, the care with the usability should make easy communication in interaction process in different levels of complexity. The research shows in which measures the actual concepts of usability and interactive design are important in the production of interactive content for Brazilian digital television. This approach is made with focus in the consistence of the programming grade in parallel with the restructures aspects of the television in the convergence of the cyberspace
Mestre

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30

Winterbottom, Cara. "VRBridge: a Constructivist Approach to Supporting Interaction Design and End-User Authoring in Virtual Reality." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000607/.

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For any technology to become widely-used and accepted, it must support end-user authoring and customisation. This means making the technology accessible by enabling understanding of its design issues and reducing its technical barriers. Our interest is in enabling end-users to author dynamic virtual environments (VEs), specifically their interactions: player interactions with objects and the environment; and object interactions with each other and the environment. This thesis describes a method to create tools and design aids which enable end-users to design and implement interactions in a VE and assist them in building the requisite domain knowledge, while reducing the costs of learning a new set of skills. Our design method is based in constructivism, which is a theory that examines the acquisition and use of knowledge. It provides principles for managing complexity in knowledge acquisition: multiplicity of representations and perspectives; simplicity of basic components; encouragement of exploration; support for deep reflection; and providing users with control of their process as much as possible. We derived two main design aids from these principles: multiple, interactive and synchronised domain-specific representations of the design; and multiple forms of non-invasive and user-adaptable scaffolding. The method began with extensive research into representations and scaffolding, followed by investigation of the design strategies of experts, the needs of novices and how best to support them with software, and the requirements of the VR domain. We also conducted a classroom observation of the practices of non-programmers in VR design, to discover their specific problems with effectively conceptualising and communicating interactions in VR. Based on our findings in this research and our constructivist guidelines, we developed VRBridge, an interaction authoring tool. This contained a simple event-action interface for creating interactions using trigger-condition-action triads or Triggersets. We conducted two experimental evaluations during the design of VRBridge, to test the effectiveness of our design aids and the basic tool. The first tested the effectiveness of the Triggersets and additional representations: a Floorplan, a Sequence Diagram and Timelines. We used observation, interviews and task success to evaluate how effectively end-users could analyse and debug interactions created with VRBridge. We found that the Triggersets were effective and usable by novices to analyse an interaction design, and that the representations significantly improved end-user work and experience. The second experiment was large-scale (124 participants) and conducted over two weeks. Participants worked on authoring tasks which embodied typical interactions and complexities in the domain. We used a task exploration metric, questionnaires and computer logging to evaluate aspects of task performance: how effectively end-users could create interactions with VRBridge; how effectively they worked in the domain of VR authoring; how much enjoyment or satisfaction they experienced during the process; and how well they learned over time. This experiment tested the entire system and the effects of the scaffolding and representations. We found that all users were able to complete authoring tasks using VRBridge after very little experience with the system and domain; all users improved and felt more satisfaction over time; users with representations or scaffolding as a design aid completed the task more expertly, explored more effectively, felt more satisfaction and learned better than those without design aids; users with representations explored more effectively and felt more satisfaction than those with scaffolding; and users with both design aids learned better but did not improve in any other way over users with a single design aid. We also gained evidence about how the scaffolding, representations and basic tool were used during the evaluation. The contributions of this thesis are: an effective and efficient theory-based design method; a case study in the use of constructivism to structure a design process and deliver effective tools; a proof-of-concept prototype with which novices can create interactions in VR without traditional programming; evidence about the problems that novices face when designing interactions and dealing with unfamiliar programming concepts; empirical evidence about the relative effectiveness of additional representations and scaffolding as support for designing interactions; guidelines for supporting end-user authoring in general; and guidelines for the design of effective interaction authoring systems in general.

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Hale, P. "User driven modelling : visualisation and systematic interaction for end-user programming with tree-based structures." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2012. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/17918/.

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This thesis addresses certain problems encountered by teams of engineers when modelling complex structures and processes subject to cost and other resource constraints. The cost of a structure or process may be ‘read off’ its specifying model, but the language in which the model is expressed (e.g. CAD) and the language in which resources may be modelled (e.g. spreadsheets) are not naturally compatible. This thesis demonstrates that a number of intermediate steps may be introduced which enable both meaningful translation from one conceptual view to another as well as meaningful collaboration between team members. The work adopts a diagrammatic modelling approach as a natural one in an engineering context when seeking to establish a shared understanding of problems. Thus, the research question to be answered in this thesis is: ‘To what extent is it possible to improve user-driven software development through interaction with diagrams and without requiring users to learn particular computer languages?’ The goal of the research is to improve collaborative software development through interaction with diagrams, thereby minimising the need for end-users to code directly. To achieve this aim a combination of the paradigms of End-User Programming, Process and Product Modelling and Decision Support, and Semantic Web are exploited and a methodology of User Driven Modelling and Programming (UDM/P) is developed, implemented, and tested as a means of demonstrating the efficacy of diagrammatic modelling. In greater detail, the research seeks to show that diagrammatic modelling eases problems of maintenance, extensibility, ease of use, and sharing of information. The methodology presented here to achieve this involves a three step translation from a visualised ontology, through a modelling tool, to output to interactive visualisations. An analysis of users groups them into categories of system creator, model builder, and model user. This categorisation corresponds well with the three-step translation process where users develop the ontology, modelling tool, and visualisations for their problem. This research establishes and exemplifies a novel paradigm of collaborative end-user programming by domain experts. The end-user programmers can use a visual interface where the visualisation of the software exactly matches the structure of the software itself, making translation between user and computer, and vice versa, much more direct and practical. The visualisation is based on an ontology that provides a representation of the software as a tree. The solution is based on translation from a source tree to a result tree, and visualisation of both. The result tree shows a structured representation of the model with a full visualisation of all parts that leads to the computed result. In conclusion, it is claimed that this direct representation of the structure enables an understanding of the program as an ontology and model that is then visualised, resulting in a more transparent shared understanding by all users. It is further argued that our diagrammatic modelling paradigm consequently eases problems of maintenance, extensibility, ease of use, and sharing of information. This method is applicable to any problem that lends itself to representation as a tree. This is considered a limitation of the method to be addressed in a future project.

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Hussein, Hadi, and Rebecca Lindström. "Slutet gott allting gott? Peak-end rule och användarupplevelsen av ett webbformulär." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184028.

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Det ställs allt högre krav på interaktiva system idag. Centralt är att de ska tillgodose användarens behov – inte minst användarens känslor och upplevelser. Enligt tidigare forskning kan starka känslomässiga ögonblick under ett händelseförlopp och upplevelsen av dess slut påverka hur vi bedömer en tidigare upplevelse (Kahneman, Fredrickson, Schreiber & Redelmeier, 1993; Redelmeier, Katz & Kahneman, 2003). Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka huruvida peak-end rule har en effekt på den retrospektiva användarupplevelsen av ett digitalt gränssnitt. Detta genom att jämföra två versioner av en prototyp vars interaktion var avsedd att efterlikna ett formulär på en webbsida. De två versionerna var identiska förutom att slutet manipulerades i syfte att framkalla ett positivt slut i den ena versionen och ett neutralt slut i den andra versionen. Totalt 22 deltagare skattade sin generella användarupplevelse efter att ha interagerat med varje version. Därefter svarade de på frågor rörande val av preferens samt upplevd ansträngning. Resultatet visade att peak-end rule hade en signifikant påverkan på val av preferens. Däremot fanns inget stöd som talar för att den totala användarupplevelsen eller upplevda ansträngningen påverkades av slutets utformning. Detta innebär att slutet av en interaktion kan påverka användarupplevelsen i viss mån men att det samtidigt råder en viss tvetydighet kring resultatet. Studerandet av peak-end rule är ännu i en tidig fas inom sammanhanget människa-datorinteraktion. Det krävs således vidare forskning för bättre förståelse om dess effekt för användarupplevelse av interaktiva system.
Today there are ever higher demands on interactive systems. Central is that they should meet the user's needs – not least the user's feelings and experiences. According to previous research, strong emotional moments during the course of events and the experience of its end can affect how we assess previous experiences (Kahneman, Fredrickson, Schreiber & Redelmeier, 1993; Redelmeier, Katz & Kahneman, 2003). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether peak-end rule has an effect on the retrospective user experience of a digital interface. This is done by comparing two versions of a prototype whose interaction was intended to resemble a form on a web page. The two versions were identical except that the ending was manipulated in one version in order to evoke a positive ending and a neutral ending in the other version. A total of 22 participants rated their overall user experience after interacting with each version. They then answered questions regarding the choice of preference and perceived effort. The results showed that the peak-end rule had a significant influence on the choice of preference. On the other hand, there was no evidence to suggest that the overall user experience or perceived effort was affected by the design of the end. This means that the end of an interaction can affect the user experience to a certain extent, but that at the same time there is a certain ambiguity about the result. The study of peak-end rule is still in an early phase within the field of human-computer interaction. Further research is thus required for a better understanding of its effect on the user experience of interactive systems.

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Du, Preez Catharina. "Development of an interactive energy management web application for residential end users." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71926.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Energy efficiency, as the effective use of energy, is recognized as one of the simplest ways to improve the sustainable use of resources and by implication involves the end-user. The 2008 power crisis which South Africa experienced, highlighted supply exigencies and prompted a subsequent emphasis on affordable, rapidly scalable solutions, notably energy efficiency. As the establishment of new supply capacity is both costly and time-consuming, the logical alternative has been to focus intervention on the demand side. Residential electrical end-use has been identified as an area where the potential for change exists and strategies to address residential demand have gained momentum. The vulnerability of energy systems affects energy security on technical, economic and social levels. South African consumers are confronted with rising living costs and a substantial increase in electricity prices according to the Integrated Resource Plan for Electricity (2010-2030). Integral to addressing end-use is the ensuing behaviour of the end-user. End-use analysis aims to grasp and model customer usage by considering the electric demand per customer type, end-use category, appliance type and time of use. This project has focussed on the development of an interactive web application as a tool for residential end-users to improve energy efficiency through modified consumption behaviour and the adoption of energy efficient habits. The objectives have been aimed at educating an end-user through exposure to energy efficient guidelines and consumption analysis. Based on a Time Of Use-framework, a consumer’s understanding of appliance usage profiles can help realize the cost benefits associated with appliance scheduling. In order to achieve the desired functionality and with extendibility and ease of maintenance in mind, the application relies on the provision of dynamic content by means of a relational database structured around end-use categories and appliance types. In an effort to convey only relevant information in the simplest way, current web technology was evaluated. The resulting design has favoured an interactive, minimalistic, graphic presentation of content in the form of a Rich Internet Application. The development process has been divided into two phases. The residential energy consumption context has been substantiated with a case study of which the main objective and outcome has been to devise a methodology to generate usage profiles for household appliances. Phase one of the development process has been completed, as well as the case study. The conceptualization and framework for phase two has been established and the recommendation is to incorporate the methodology and usage profile results from the case study for implementation of the second phase. The effectiveness of the tool can only be evaluated once phase two of the application is complete. A beta release version of the final product can then be made available to a focus group for feedback.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Energie effektiwiteit, gesien as die effektiewe aanwending van energie, word herken as een van die eenvoudigste maniere om die volhoubare gebruik van hulpbronne te bevorder en betrek by implikasie die verbruiker. Die 2008 kragvoorsieningskrisis wat Suid-Afrika beleef het, het dringende tekorte aan die lig gebring en ’n gevolglike klemverskuiwing na bekostigbare, maklik aanpasbare oplossings, vernaamlik energie effektiwiteit. Aangesien die daarstelling van nuwe voorsieningskapasiteit beide duur is en baie tyd in beslag neem, was die voor die hand liggende alternatief om te fokus op vraag-kant toetrede. Huishoudelike elektriese verbruik is geïdentifiseer as ’n area waar die potensiaal vir verandering bestaan en strategieë om residensiële aanvraag aan te spreek het momentum gekry. Die kwesbaarheid van energiestelsels affekteer energie sekuriteit op tegniese, ekonomiese en sosiale vlakke. Suid-Afrikaanse verbruikers word gekonfronteer met stygende lewenskoste en ’n aansienlike toename in elektrisiteitspryse volgens die Geïntegreerde Hulpbron-Plan vir Elektrisiteit (2010-2030). Eie aan die aanspreek van verbruik is die voortvloeiende gedrag van die verbruiker. Verbruiksanalise poog om verbruik te begryp en te modelleer deur die elektriese aanvraag na gelang van verbruikerstipe, verbruikskategorie, toesteltipe en tyd van verbruik in aanmerking te neem. Hierdie projek het gefokus op die ontwikkeling van ’n interaktiewe web-toepassing as ’n instrument vir residensiële verbruikers om energie effektiwiteit te verbeter deur gewysigde verbruiksgedrag en die ingebruikneming van energie effektiewe gewoontes. Die doelwitte is gerig op die opvoeding van ’n verbruiker deur blootstelling aan riglyne vir energie effektiewe verbruik en verbruiksanalise. Gebaseer op ’n Tyd-Van-Verbruik-raamwerk, kan ’n verbruiker se begrip van toestelle se verbruiksprofiele ’n bydrae lewer om die koste-voordele geassosieer met toestel-skedulering te realiseer. Om sodoende die verlangde funksionaliteit te bewerkstellig en met verlengbaarheid en gemak van onderhoud voor oë, steun die toepassing op die verskaffing van dinamiese inhoud deur middel van ’n relasionele databasis wat gestruktureer is rondom verbruikskategorieë en toesteltipes. In ’n poging om slegs toepaslike informasie in die eenvoudigste vorm weer te gee, is teenswoordige web tegnologie geevalueer. Die vooruitspruitende ontwerp is ’n interaktiewe, minimalistiese, grafiese aanbieding van die inhoud in die vorm van ’n sogenaamde "Rich Internet Application". Die ontwikkelingsproses is ingedeel in twee fases. Die huishoudelike energieverbruikskonteks is bevestig deur middel van ’n gevallestudie waarvan die vernaamste doelwit en uitkoms was om ’n metodologie daar te stel om verbruiksprofiele van huishoudelike toestelle te genereer. Fase een van die ontwikkelingsproses is voltooi asook die gevallestudie. Die konsepsuele onwikkeling en raamwerk vir fase twee is reeds gevestig en die aanbeveling is om die metodologie en verbruiksprofielresultate van die gevallestudie te inkorporeer vir implementering van die tweede fase. Die effektiwiteit van die toepassing kan eers geevalueer word sodra fase twee afgehandel is. ’n Beta-weergawe vrystelling van die finale produk kan dan beskikbaar gestel word aan ’n fokusgroep vir terugvoer.

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Lundkvist, Karl-Johan. "Investigation and implementation of the OMA BCAST Service Interaction Function." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9184.

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This thesis is a study of a new specification for end user interactivity developed by the Open Mobile Alliance, the specification is called OMA BCAST Service Interaction Function. The specification is one part of the OMA BCAST Service Enabler, which enables service delivery to mobile devices, where the most common service is mobile television. The Service Interaction Function enables end user interactivity related to a service, this could be a poll about the current television program or a chat where every message is presented to the users that are watching the same channel.

The specification is still of draft version and the scope of this thesis has been to investigate the Service Interaction Function and implement a PC prototype.

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Schuveter, Maria Helena. "A interação professor-aluno nas atividades de escrita : um estudo em salas de primeiro ano do ensino fundamental /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86487.

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Orientador: Maria Cecília de Oliveira Micotti
Banca: Fermino Fernandes Sisto
Banca: Flávia Medeiros Sarti
Resumo: Em nosso país, a necessidade de tornar mais eficiente o trabalho pedagógico, relativo à alfabetização, e de melhorar os desempenhos dos alunos em leitura e escrita tem desencadeado ações e medidas diversas por parte dos órgãos públicos. Muitas são as pesquisas sobre a problemática da alfabetização, sobretudo, nas universidades. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre o ensino no cotidiano em sala de aula, sobre as interações entre o professor e seus alunos no processo de alfabetização. Diante disso, o presente trabalho objetiva descrever e comparar as interações, observadas em aulas, do professor com os alunos que ele considera como os que apresentam mais dificuldades e os que apresentam mais facilidade no aprendizado da escrita. Mediante uma leitura com ênfase nos aspectos didáticos dessas interações, busca-se descrevê-las, destacando-se as manifestações do professor frente às ações dos alunos com desempenhos diversos e as das crianças frente às ações do professor. Complementam essas descrições os dados obtidos em entrevistas com os professores. Os estudos das situações que as crianças vivenciam em sala de aula e o enfoque do processo de ensino e aprendizado da escrita, apresentado pelos professores, assumem relevância, uma vez que podem contribuir para as reflexões sobre a prática docente e para a formação de professores. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram diferenças na interação que o professor estabelece com os alunos, dependendo do seu desempenho. Além disso, as práticas pedagógicas pouco contribuem para que os alunos que apresentam baixo desempenho avancem no aprendizado da escrita.
Abstract: In our country, there is an actual necessity of making effective the pedagogical work relate to literacy activities and thus to improve the achievements of students in both reading and writing. Because of this the governmental offices have implemented several actions aiming to solve that problem. There are several researches about literacy, especially in universities. However, little is known about both teaching in classroom and interactions between teacher and students at literacy process. Because of this the present study aims both to describe and compare the interaction observed in classes between teacher and those students considered by him pupils that have a bigger difficulty and those that have a smaller one to learn to write. By means of a reading with an emphasis on didactics aspects of these interactions it seeks to describe them, giving emphasis those manifestations of the teacher in front of the actions of the students with diverse achievements and those from children in front of the actions practiced by teacher. For complementing these descriptions are presented the data obtained by means of interviews with teachers. The studies of the situations that children experience in classroom and the focus at both the writing teaching and learning process, presented by teachers, are important seeing that they can contribute for reflecting about both teachers practice and formation. The research results show different types of interactions that teachers establish with students, according to their achievements. Furthermore, the pedagogical practices contribute little for that students who have poor achievements move ahead in the learning of writing.
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Geenen, Eva-Maria. "Etude de la protéine EBNA2 du virus Epstein-Barr et ses interactions avec les facteurs de la cellule hôte." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV055/document.

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Il a récemment été rapporté que l'interaction physiologique entre la protéine nucléaire SMRT et le facteur de transcription cellulaire STAT3 pouvait être rompue par la protéine EBNA2 du virus Epstein-Barr (EBV). La liaison de SMRT à STAT3 diminue son activité de transcription. EBNA2 libère SMRT de ce complexe augmentant ainsi la transcription des gènes régulés par STAT3. STAT3 régule de nombreux effets immunodépresseurs mais aussi anti-prolifératifs et anti-apoptotiques dans l'organisme hôte, et pourrait jouer un rôle important dans la stratégie de survie du virus Epstein-Barr. EBNA2 et STAT3 sont tous deux intrinsèquement désordonnés (IDPs) comme un tiers de toutes les protéines eucaryotes et 70% des protéines associées aux cancers. Toutefois, malgré leur abondance, notre compréhension de leurs fonctions reste limitée notamment à cause de la difficulté à les produire en quantités suffisantes pour réaliser des études structurales et biophysiques. Afin de surmonter cette difficulté, la technologie ESPRIT a été utilisée pour générer des fragments de SMRT et EBNA2 solubles et stables. Ces fragments se répartissaient sur une grande partie des gènes d'EBNA2 et SMRT pour lesquels les protéines exprimées étaient de tailles compatibles avec des expériences de RMN. Ceci a permis de réaliser des études d'interaction avec STAT3. Les deux protéines étant majoritairement intrinsèquement désordonnées, toutes les données d'interaction ont été analysées pour EBNA2 et SMRT avec une attention particulière sur les propriétés de protéines désordonnées. Des fragments des deux protéines, EBNA2 et SMRT, ont été soumis à des tests d'interaction avec le dimère de STAT3 en utilisant des méthodes biophysiques variées. Ainsi la cinétique de liaison et la séquence d'acides aminés impliqués dans l'interaction ont pu être déterminées. Etant donné son importance biologique et son interaction de haute affinité, l'accent a été porté sur l'interaction EBNA2-SMRT. Ainsi des résultats préliminaires provenant d'investigations en cellules de mammifères ont pu être obtenus. En outre l'interaction entre EBNA2 et d'autres protéines cellulaires a été brièvement étudiée. Les résultats obtenus ont pour objectif d'améliorer notre compréhension de la stratégie avec laquelle EBV parvient, avec succès, à persister toute une vie dans l'organisme hôte
It was recently reported that the physiological interaction between the nuclear protein SMRT and the cellular transcription factor STAT3 could be disrupted by the Epstein-Barr-virus protein EBNA2. Binding of SMRT to STAT3 decreases its transcriptional activity. EBNA2 releases SMRT from this complex and therefore enhances the transcription of both host and viral STAT3 regulated genes. STAT3 regulates several immunosuppressive as well as pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects in the host organism and so may have importance for the viral survival strategy of Epstein-Barr-virus. Both EBNA2 and SMRT are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) in common with about one third of all eukaryotic proteins and 70% of cancer-related. Despite their abundance, our understanding of how they function is limited, in part due to difficulties in production of stable samples in the large quantities necessary for structural and biophysical studies. The EPRIT technology was used to overcome these problems and generate well-behaving and -expressing EBNA2 and SMRT fragments. These fragments covered large parts of the EBNA2 and SMRT genes and were in a suitable size for NMR experiments. This enabled interaction studies of these proteins with STAT3. As both proteins are mainly intrinsically disordered all interaction data were analysed with attention to the disordered properties of both proteins. In order to complement the interaction data all fragments used for the interaction studies were as well characterized as IDPs using biochemical and biophysical methods. Fragments of both proteins, EBNA2 and SMRT together with the STAT3 dimer were subjected to binding analysis using various biophysical methods. The kinetics of the binding could be determined and the binding regions could be narrowed down to the amino acid level. Because of its biological significance and higher affinity interaction the EBNA2-STAT3 part was prioritized and first preliminary results investigating the interaction in mammalian cells could be obtained. Also, the interaction between EBNA2 and other cellular proteins was studied briefly. The obtained results aim to improve our understanding of how EBV succeeds to persist lifelong in the host organism

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Jesus, Cleusa Rosana de 1966. "Adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de linhagens de mamona (ricinus communis L.) avaliadas em duas épocas de semeadura /." Botucatu : [s.d. ], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99989.

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Orientador: Maurício Dutra Zanotto
Banca: Edson Seizo Mori
Banca: José Geraldo Carvalho do Amaral
Banca: João PauloTeixeira Whitaker
Banca: Juliana Parisotto Poletine
Resumo: Realizou-se o presente trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade média de grãos (kg.ha-1) de linhagens de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) e estimar os parâmetros para a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípicas. As avaliações da época 1 foram realizadas entre novembro de 2006 à junho de 2007 e na época 2, de março à agosto de 2005 nos municípios de Araçatuba, Botucatu, Ilha Solteira, Penápolis e São Manuel - SP, sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições e parcela útil de 10 m2. Foram realizadas análises de variância individuais para cada local, conjunta dos cinco locais para cada época e, posteriormente as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott e Knott (1974) a 5% de probabilidade. Observou-se significância para a característica avaliada em todas as análises e, devido à interação significativa entre épocas, locais e linhagens foram realizadas análises de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípicas considerando-se como ambiente as épocas de semeaduras segundo metodologia proposta por Finlay e Wilkinson (1963). Na época 1 com relação à produtividade destacaram-se as linhagens 1, 6, 8, 15, 16 e 18. Quanto aos parâmetros para a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípicas as linhagens 3, 13 e 18 apresentaram adaptabilidade geral e estabilidade média. Na época 2, com relação aos mesmos parâmetros, as linhagens 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, e 19 apresentaram maiores produtividades, predominância de adaptabilidade específica à ambientes favoráveis e estabilidade baixa. Para as duas épocas de semeaduras as linhagens 1, 6, 8, 15 e 16 apresentaram-se como superiores em produtividade.
Abstract: This work was carried out to evaluate average grains yield (kg ha-1) of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) lines and to estimate the parameters for fenotypical adaptability and stability. The evaluations for period 1 were conducted between November, 2006 to June, 2007, and period 2, consisted of March to August, 2005 in Araçatuba, Botucatu, Ilha Solteira, São Manuel and Penápolis, Municipals Districts, in São Paulo State, by using randomized complete blocks scheme with three replicates and useful plots of 10 m2. Individual variance analysis for each site were calculated as well as joint variance analysis involving the five locations for each period and subsequently averages were compared by Scott and Knott test (1974) to 5% of probability. Significance was observed for the characteristic evaluated in all analysis and due to the significant interaction between periods, locations and lines, data were studied with analysis of fenotypical adaptability and stability considering the environment as the sowing crop periods according to the methodology proposed by Finlay and Wilkinson (1963). For period 1, in relation to grains yield, lines 1, 6, 8, 15, 16, 18 were outstanding. For adaptability and stability fenotypical parameters, lines 3, 13 and 18 showed general adaptability and medium stability. In period 2, compared with the same parameters, lines 1, 2, - 3 - 4, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 19 presented higher grains yield, predominance of specific adaptability to favorable environments and inferior stability. For the two sowing crop periods, lines 1, 6, 8, 15 and 16 were superior in grains yield.
Doutor

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38

Ferreira, Mayra Fernanda. "Webjornalismo infantil : por uma interação informativa /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89359.

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Orientador: João Pedro Albino
Banca: Lucilene Cury
Banca: Francisco Sierra Caballero
Resumo: Tendo em vista a presença das tecnologias da informação e comunicação no cotidiano das crianças, o presente trabalho investiga as produções midiáticas para esse público na Internet, a fim de elaborar um webjornal infantil. Considerando as crianças como usuárias interativas das novas mídias, em especial da Internet, torna-se fundamental que tais produções correspondam aos seus interesses e necessidades. Para conhecer essa nova geração da infância, que já nasce com as tecnologias, realizamos uma pesquisa com crianças de 10 a 12 anos, em uma escola pública em Bauru (SP), com a finalidade de verificar a relação que estabeleceram com a Internet, com os sites infantis e com o webjornalismo. Diante das opiniões e questionamentos delas, direcionamos nossa análise para sites infantis, de forma a identificar sua adequação ao público alvo. Frente às análises, definimos os elementos do webjornal, visando a sua usabilidade e interação com as crianças. Os resultados obtidos visam à promoção e valorização da infância enquanto público-alvo de mídia, além de pontuar a importância da participação infantil em relação a assuntos de seu interesse que, direta ou indiretamente, atuam em sua formação como cidadã e leitora crítica da realidade. Ao mesmo tempo, discutimos a produção jornalística para crianças na Internet, com a intenção de demonstrar sua viabilidade e contribuição social
Abstract: Taking for granted technologies of information have been present in our day-by-day lives more and more frequently, mainly in our children's activities, this work traces an investigative study on media products developed toward a particular teenage gap (10-12 years old) using internet tools, in order to elaborate a childlike web-news site. Considering children as interactive users of new media, specially the Internet, it is essential that such products fulfill all their interests and necessities. To learn more about this generation, which was born literature for the technologies, we developed a research based on children aged 10 to 12 from a public school in Bauru, country side of São Paulo state. Our goal is to verify what kind of relationship those children set up concerning to the Internet, designed sites for children an the web-news sities. Taking the children's opinions and questionings into account, we will guide our research to the analysis of infant sites in order to identify their suitability to their targeted users. According to data obtained from ghe analyses, we define the elements of a web-news site, aiming its larger usability and interaction with the children. The results obatined take into consideration both better promotion and value of childrood whereas media targeted clients besides pointing out the importance of infant's participation as both citizens and critical readers of the reality they are inserted. We also discuss the web-news production for children on the internet aiming to demonstrate its viability and social contribution
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39

Zanni, Welington Augusto. "Estabilidade fenotípica de genótipos Precoces de soja com aptidão com rotação com cana-de-açucar /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92682.

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Resumo: Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a estabilidade e a adaptabilidade de 50 genótipos de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], sendo 46 linhagens precoces, pertencente ao programa de melhoramento de soja da UNESP/FCAV- Jaboticabal, SP em parceria com a APTA (Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios) e cinco cultivares comercialmente utilizadas, em dez ambientes no Estado de São Paulo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nas safras agrícolas 2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2008/2009 e 2009/2010. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram realizadas análises individuais e conjunta, considerando o número de dias para a maturidade (NDM), altura da planta na maturidade (APM), acamamento (Ac), valor agronômico (VA) e produtividade de grãos (PG) nos diferentes locais. A estabilidade e a adaptabilidade dos genótipos foram avaliadas pelos métodos de Wricke (1965), Eberhart e Russel (1966), Lin e Binns (1988) e Annicchiarico (1992). As linhagens avaliadas apresentou-se com bom desempenho e aptidão para cultivo em áreas de reformas com cana-de-açúcar, destacando-se os genótipos 12 (JAB.00-03), 29 (JAB.00-06), 30 (JAB.00-06), 31 (JAB.00-02), 32 (JAB.00-02), 44 (JAB.00-02) e 45 (JAB.00-02) e as cultivares 48 (COODETEC 205) e 50 (IAC-FOSCARIN 31) os quais apresentaram boa estabilidade fenotípica e em média, elevada produtividade de grãos. As metodologias de estabilidade e adaptabilidade fenotípica utilizadas foram eficientes quanto à discriminação dos melhores genótipos precoces de soja
Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the stability and adaptability of 50 soybean genotypes [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], being 46 strains belonging to the breeding program for soybean UNESP/FCAV- Jaboticabal, SP in partnership with APTA (Agency Paulista Agribusiness Technology) and five cultivars used commercially in ten environments in the State of São Paulo. The experiments were conducted in the growing seasons 2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. Analysis were performed individual and joint, considering the number of days to maturity (NDM), plant height at maturity (APM), lodging (Ac), agronomic value (AV) and seed yield (PG) in different locations. The stability and adaptability of genotypes were evaluated by methods Wricke (1965), Eberhart and Russell (1966), Lin and Binns (1988) and Annicchiarico (1992). The strains evaluated presented with good performance and suitability for cultivation in areas of reforms with cane sugar, highlighting the genotypes 12 (JAB.00-03), 29 (JAB.00-06), 30 (JAB .00-06), 31 (JAB.00-02), 32 (JAB.00-02), 44 (JAB.00-02) and 45 (JAB.00-02) and 48 cultivars (COODETEC 205) and 50 (Foscarini IAC-31) which showed good stability phenotypic , high grain yield. The methodologies used phenotypic stability and adaptability were efficient as the best discrimination of soybean genotypes
Orientador: Sandra Helena Unêda-Treviso
Coorientador: Antonio Orlando Di Mauro
Banca: Rinaldo Cesar de Paula
Banca: José Baldin Pinheiro
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40

Pupin, Joel César. "Interação nucleon-nucleon devida à troca de três píons e produção de um píon devida à troca de dois píons /." São Paulo : [s.n.], 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102513.

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Orientador: Manoel Roberto Robilotta
Banca: José de Sá Borges Filho
Banca: Manuel M. B. Malheiro de Oliveira
Banca: Lauro Tomio
Banca: Alfredo Pio Noronha Rodrigues Galeão
Resumo: Utilizando a simetria quiral, calculamos a contribuição dominante ao potencial nucleon-nucleon (NN) devido à troca de três píons não correlacionados. Esta contribuição é isovetorial com as componentes pseudoescalar e axial. A pseudoescalar é dominante, tem um alcance de 1.0 fm e contribui no canal de píon. No mesmo contexto, estudamos a produção de um píon na interação nucleon-nucleon devida à troca de dois píons. O termo dominante do Kernel da produção é construído a partir da mesma interação básica usada no potencial NN devido à troca de três píons. Relacionamos este termo à componente central do potencial NN devido à troca de dois píons e mostramos que esta, por sua vez, é dominada pelo fator de forma escalar píon-nucleon. O Kernel obtido foi aplicado para o limiar da produção e na construção de um potencial de três nucleons. Os resultados foram generalizados para um potencial NN central qualquer e comparados ao potencial de Argonne e àquele devido à troca de um méson escalar ...ctício
Abstracts: Using the chiral symmetry, we calculated the dominant contribution to the nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential due to the exchange of three non-correlated pions (3o). This contribution is isovetor with pseudoscalar and axial components. The pseudoscalar component is dominant, it has a range of 1.0 fm and it contributes in the pion channel. In the same context, we studied the pion production in the nucleon-nucleon interaction due to the exchange of two pions (2o). The dominant term of the production Kernel is built from the same basic interaction used in the 3o-exchange NN potential. We related this term to the central component of the 2o-exchange NN potential and we showed that the latter, on its turn, is dominated by the pion-nucleon scalar form factor. The obtained Kernel was applied at the threshold and in the constructioin of a three-nucleon potential. The results were generalized foa a central NN potential of any kind and compared to the potentials of Argonne and to that due to the exchange of one ...ctitious scalar meson
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Braga, Gisele Lopes. "Identificação e clonagem de r- genes candidatos potencialmente envolvidos na resistência ao cancro cítrico (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94892.

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Resumo: O cancro cítrico é uma das mais graves doenças da cultura dos citros e seu agente causal (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri) encontra-se distribuído em dezenas de países localizados na Oceania, Ásia e América. Poucas informações estão disponíveis na literatura científica concernente à caracterização e clonagem de genes de resistência ao cancro cítrico. Sessenta um genótipos, desde altamente suscetíveis até os de plantas não hospedeiras, foram utilizados no presente estudo na tentativa de identificar possíveis R-genes envolvidos na resistência a essa doença. Quatro oligonucleotídeos, desenhados com base em R-genes de Arabdopsis thaliana e Malus floribunda, foram empregados na amplificação de amostras de DNA, clonagem e sequenciamento. Algumas sequências foram amplificadas unicamente em fenótipos altamente resistentes ou de plantas não hospedeiras, ou apresentaram homologia com sequências de genes envolvidas na resistência de plantas a estresses bióticos e abióticos. Algumas sequências traduzidas, encontradas em Citrus mitis, Citrus reticulata e Poncirus trifoliata, apresentaram mesmos aminoácidos presentes em domínios conservados de R-genes do tipo NBS-LRR.
Abstract: Citrus canker is one of the most important citrus diseases worldwide. Its pathogen is the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri that is presented in Ocean, Asia and America continents. Almost no information is available in the scientific literature about the genetic resistant against citrus canker. In the present work we developed and used primers in the tentative identification of genes involved in the resistance of citrus and other rutaceous genotypes against this disease. Sixty one genotypes, presenting complete resistant or extremely susceptible phenotypes, were tested with four primers developed based on R-genes from Arabdopsis thaliana and Malus floribunda. Some cloned sequences were identified only in resistant or non-host phenotypes or were similar with translated sequences homologues from genes involved in responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Other traduced sequences, identified in Citrus mitis, Citrus reticulata and Poncirus trifoliata species, presented some predicted aminoacids from conserved domains of R-genes type NBS-LRR.
Orientadora: Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro
Coorientador: José Belasque Junior
Banca: Jackson Antonio Marcondes de Souza
Banca: Henrique Ferreira
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Morrow, Damian. "Pipe-soil interaction on a clay seabed." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a39e6fbb-c6f0-44cc-9419-4b018db357af.

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Subsea pipelines form an integral part of the infrastructure associated with offshore oil and gas developments. These pipelines fulfill a range of functions from linking extraction wells to other subsea infrastructure to transporting products onshore, or to a central processing facility. Ancillary pipelines may also be present for gas or water injection to the reservoir or transporting additives. Pipelines are typically installed directly onto the seabed and, in the absence of significant drivers to undertake burial operations, they may remain on the seabed for the remainder of their design life. This is typically the case for deepwater developments. Subsea pipelines are subjected to a wide range of load cases including, self weight, installation loads, thermal and pressure driven expansion and hydrodynamic loading. Design of pipeline systems to accommodate these load cases requires an understanding of pipe-soil interaction. This thesis reports the results of a research study investigating pipe-soil interaction on a clay seabed, as relevant to the design of subsea pipeline systems. This study has utilised numerical analysis techniques based on the finite difference code FLAC to investigate a range of problem definitions. These problem definitions include pipelines subject to both vertical loading (V) and combined vertical and horizontal (V-H) loading. Factors such as variation in interface conditions, large strain and large displacement effects, soil unit weight effects and variation in shear strength conditions were considered in these problem definitions. Reliability based analysis techniques have also been used to investigate both V and V-H loading problem definitions. The analyses and investigations undertaken as part of this study generally achieved the following; reproduction and validation of earlier research with additional interpretation, extension of problem definitions to deeper pipeline embedment depths and investigation of pipe-soil interaction problem definitions that have not previously been considered. Reliability based analysis techniques have also provided some interesting insights into the impact of soil shear strength variation as well as providing a fundamental link between safety factors and probability of failure. Application to design practice of this, and similar studies, has been considered as part of this thesis and potential areas for future research have also been suggested.

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Thuler, Robson Thomaz. "Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) : táticas para o manejo integrado em brássicas /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102318.

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Resumo: O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Biologia e Criação de Insetos (LBCI) da FCAV-UNESP, para avaliar o efeito da interação entre resistência de cultivares de brássicas, inseticidas químicos e produtos vegetais e Trichogramma no controle de P/utella xy/ostella. Para tanto, avaliou-se a biologia de P. xy/ostella nas cultivares de repolho: Chato de Quintal (CQ), Midori (MD), Roxo Precoce (RP) e Híbrido Roxo (HR) e, nas cultivares de couve, Geórgia (CM) e Híbrido Geórgia HS20 (HS20) em laboratório. Avaliou-se a toxicidade dos inseticidas lufenuron e deltametrina, bem como dos produtos vegetais óleo de nim e extrato pirolenhoso, pela adequação das concentrações letais (CLso) dos produtos. Com os mesmos produtos citados, foram avaliados os efeitos sobre Trichogramma. Finalmente, avaliou-se a associação dos métodos testados primordialmente, utilizando-se as cultivares de repolho e os inseticidas químicos e produtos vegetais, bem como o efeito sobre Trichogramma. A cultivar CQ foi classificada como moderadamente resistente; RP e MD como suscetíveis, e CM, HS20 e HR como altamente suscetíveis, sendo 'observado também, que nenhuma cultivar apresentou a substância sinigrina. Lufenuron, óleo de nim e extrato pirolenhoso, causaram até 100% de mortalidade para P. xy/ostella, e Decis não foi eficiente. Deltametrina também foi o produto mais prejudicial aos parasitóides T. exiguum e T. pretiosum, enquanto o produto Nim e o inseticida Match foram os menos prejudiciais. A associação dos métodos químicos e resistência de plantas elevam o potencial de controle para P. xy/ostella, mas essa estratégia deve ser bem avaliada, pois pode afetar o desempenho dos parasitóides, reduzindo seu potencial de controle.
Abstract: The project was developed to evaluate the effect of the interaction between resistance of cabbage cultivars, insecticides and Trichogramma in the P/utella xy/ostella control. The biology of P. xy/ostella was evaluated in the following cabbage cultivars: Chato de Quintal (CQ), Midori (MD), Roxo Precoce (RP) and Roxo Hybrid (RH), and kale cultivars: Geórgia (CM) and Geórgia Hybrid HS20 (HS20), in laboratory. The toxicity of the insecticides lufenuron and deltamethrin and, of the vegetal products neem oil and pyroligneous extract, was evaluated for the adequacy of the lethal concentrations (LC50) of the products. With those products, the effect on Trichogramma was also evaluated. Finally, it was evaluated the association of the methods tested, using cabbage cultivars and chemical insecticides and vegetal products, and the effect on Trichogramma. The cultivar CQ was classified as moderately resistant; RP and MO as susceptible, and CM, HS20 and HR as highly susceptible, being also observed, that the cultivars tested did not present sinigrin. Lufenuron, Neem oil and pyroligneous extract caused up to 100% of P. xy/ostella mortality and deltabethrin was not efficient. Oeltamethrin was most harmful product to the parasitoids T exiguum and T pretiosum, while neem oil and lufenurun were less harmful. The interaction of chemical and plant resistance methods, increased the potential to P. xy/ostella control, but this strategy must be well evaluated, as it can affect negativity the parasitoid performance, reducing its control potential.
Orientador: Sérgio Antonio de Bortoli
Coorientador: Dirceu Pratissoli
Banca: Odair Aparecido Fernandes
Banca: Clara Beatriz Hoffmann Campo
Banca: José Djair Vendramim
Banca: Antonio Carlos Busoli
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Ferreira, Priscila de Paula. "Interações virtuais e presenciais em universitários com e sem indicativo de fobia social /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97463.

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Orientador: Alessandra Turini Bolsoni-Silva
Banca: Sonia Regina Loureiro
Banca: Sandra Regina Gimeniz-Paschoal
Resumo: Considerando a influência da fobia social em pessoas com esse diagnóstico e a grande utilização da internet como forma de interagir socialmente, objetiva-se construtir e fazer a validação preliminar de um instrumento de investigação sobre interações virtuais e presenciais. A partir desse instrumento, objetiva-se comparar o uso de interações virtuais entre pessoa com e sem indicativo de fobia social, bem como analisar as correlações entre o repertório de habilidades sociais e o uso da internet para interações sociais. Para isso, uma amostra de 64 universitários, sendo 26 com indicativo de fobia social e 38 sem indicativo responderam aos instrumentos: Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS - Del Prette); Avaliação de Comportamentos e Contextos na Vida Universitária - Q-ACC-VU, mini-SPIN (Social Phobia Inventory) e o Instrumento sobre Interações Virtuais e Presenciais desenvolvido. Os resultados indicam que o instrumento cosntruído apresenta boas qualidades psicométricas, considerando os resultados das validades (preliminares) de construto, discriminante e concorrente. Os resultados também indicam que os participantes com indicativo de fobia social tendem a se comunicar com um número reduzido de pessoas tanto pessoalmente como virtualmente devido às dificuldades que encontram nas interações presenciais e que se mantém nas interações virtuais. Contudo, a internet pode ser uma ferramenta importante para essas pesssoas porque elas demonstram ter mais dificuldade de tratar de alguns temas pessoalmente do que pela Internet, sendo este um ambiente em que há menor exposição pessoal, evitando que se demonstre insegurança, ansiedade e diminuindo a exposição à reação do interlocutor, que são fortes estímulos aversivos para pessoas com indicativo de fobia social. Ao esquivarem-se desses aversivos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Considering the influence of social phobia in patients with this diagnosis and the widespread use of the internet as a form of social interation, this work aims at constructing and validating (preliminary) a tool for personal and virtual interactions survey. With this tool, this study compares the virtual interactions among people with and without social phobia inclination and analyzes social skills repertoire and internet usage correlations for social intercations. It was selected a sample of 64 graduate students, 26 of them had social phobia inclination and 38 had not. They were asked to answer: Social Skills Inventory (IHS - Del Prette). Evaluations of Behaviours and Environments in Graduate Life (Q-ACC-VU); mini SPIN (Social Phobia Inventory) and the Virtual and Personal Interaction Survey developed. The results indicate that this survey tools has good psychometric qualities, considering the (preliminary) results of validity of construct, discriminatory and concurrent. It was found that participants with social phobia inclination tend to communicate, both virtually and personally, with less people than participants who do not have this inclination. It happens due to difficulties encountered in the face-to-face interactions that are maintained in the virtual world. However, internet can be an important tool for people inclined to social phobia because they demonostrated to have more difficulty to deal with some subjects personally than virtually, which is an environment where there is less personal exposure, avoiding the demonstration of insecurity and anxiety and decreasing exposure to the reaction of the interlocutor, that are strong aversive stimuli for people with social phobia. By avoiding these aversive stimuli, individuals are negatively reinforced. On the other hand, the possibility of talking about these subjects on... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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45

Olausson, Daniel. "Project Closure is not the End : A Study of Interaction between Design and Manufacturing in Product Development." Licentiate thesis, Linköping : Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8052.

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46

Shiri, Ali Asghar. "End-user interaction with thesaurus-enhanced search interfaces : an evaluation of search term selection for query expansion." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21521.

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A major challenge faced by end-users during the information search and retrieval process is the selection of search terms for query formulation and expansion. Thesauri are recognised as one source of search terms with the potential to assist users in the process of term selection. Research in search term selection, query expansion and interface evaluation has stressed the importance of providing end-users with terminological assistance. As the number of thesauri attached to information retrieval systems has grown, a range of interface facilities and features have been developed to aid users in formulating their queries. This study investigated end-user interaction with a thesaurus-enhanced search interface to evaluate their search term selection and query expansion behaviour. The main objectives of this study were: to evaluate how and to what extent a thesaurus-enhanced search interface assisted end-users in selecting search terms for query expansion, to ascertain users' attitude toward both the thesaurus and interface as tools for facilitating search term selection, and to identify searching and browsing behaviours of users interacting with a thesaurus-enhanced interface. The test environment involved the Ovid CAB Abstracts database, the CAB thesaurus, and 30 academic staff and postgraduate students with genuine search requests. The data gathering tools employed were pre-search questionnaires, screen capturing software, post-search questionnaires, and post-session interviews. The results demonstrated different patterns of thesaurus-based search term selection by academic staff and postgraduates. Academic staff with more extensive domain knowledge tended to select narrower terms whereas postgraduates more often chose related and broader terms. In general, all users selected a larger number of narrower and related terms for expanding their queries. The effect of topic characteristics such as topic complexity and topic familiarity on search behaviour was also investigated. It was shown that complex topics affected users' cognitive and physical moves, number of search terms selected and query expansion instances. Topic familiarity was also found to have an effect on users' browsing behaviour. An evaluation of users' perceptions of the interface indicated that usability was a factor affecting thesaurus browsing and navigating behaviour. This study was constrained by the limitations of the IR system utilised, the experimental design and the choice of subjects. However, this study can be viewed as the first investigation of variables such as topic complexity and topic familiarity within a thesaurus-enhanced search environment. The findings of this study contribute to research in the areas of user-centred search term selection, thesaurus-assisted query expansion and the evaluation of user interaction with IR search interfaces.

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Rubin, Katy Jane. "Dynamics of protein interaction subnetworks." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dynamics-of-protein-interaction-subnetworks(da388f39-d18b-46ff-b77d-005feb77cac2).html.

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I show that in the generic situations where a biological network, e.g. a protein interaction network, is in fact a subnetwork embedded in a larger bulk network, the presence of the bulk causes not just extrinsic noise but also memory effects. This means that the dynamics of the subnetwork will depend not only on its present state, but also its past. I use projection techniques to get explicit expressions for the memory functions that encode such memory effects, for generic protein interaction networks involving binary and unary reactions such as complex formation and phosphorylation, respectively. Remarkably, in the limit of low intrinsic copy-number noise such expressions can be obtained even for nonlinear dependences on the past. I illustrate the method with examples from a protein interaction network around epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is relevant to cancer signalling. These examples demonstrate that inclusion of memory terms is not only important conceptually but also leads to substantially higher quantitative accuracy in the predicted subnetwork dynamics. I also study how the presence of Michaelis-Menten reactions affect the behaviour of the subnetwork. While such reactions do not directly t into our framework of unary and binary reactions, I demonstrate that our approach can be generalised to include them. This is done by first introducing enzyme and enzyme complex species and reactions, then constructing the projected equations, and finally taking the limit of fast enzyme reactions that gives back Michaelis-Menten dynamics. I show that this limit can be taken in closed form, leading to a simple procedure that allows the projected equations to be constructed without ever introducing the fast variables explicitly. I then apply projection methods to the analysis of the effects of perturbations in the bulk network, e.g. from gene regulation processes. I show that the resulting behaviour of the linear response can again be decomposed according to a boundary structure, so that the total linear response is split into the eect of the bulk perturbation on the subnetwork boundary and the propagation of the perturbation from there to the rest of the subnetwork. I also use the projection method to find the steady states of the perturbed system in nonlinear response, which makes it possible to analyse biologically relevant scenarios such as knock-down experiments. Finally, I look at the statistics of the random force. I propose a simple approximation of the random force made up of a persistent piece and a random change in the subnetwork initial conditions. I verify that this gives accurate predictions for both the linearised and nonlinear dynamics.

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Hashim, Raad. "Identification and validation of the dynamic properties of the standing subjects in vertical structural vibration." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/identification-and-validation-of-the-dynamic-properties-of-the-standing-subjects-in-vertical-structural-vibration(086c3b97-33ac-4987-902a-d70995c337bd).html.

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Human-structure interaction is a relatively new topic that is not fully understood. There have been several human whole-body models from the research in body biomechanics and structural dynamics, which have been used in the study of human-structure interaction. It is not clear which body model is the most appropriate one. An interactive human body model was derived from a human-structure interaction model where a continuous standing human body was placed on a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structure. However, the dynamic parameters of the human body model cannot be determined accurately. In this thesis, a series of human-structure interaction experiments are conducted, which also leads to the identification of the dynamic parameters of the interactive body model and the assessment of the commonly used human body models. Two groups of 18 and 38 individual subjects participated in human-structure interaction experiment on a SDOF test rig with two different configurations. Two sweeping harmonic forces (6.6 and 13.2 N) were applied to the bare and occupied rigs. The repeatability of the tests was checked and confirmed. These experiments showed clearly two resonance frequencies of the human-structure system. It was also demonstrated that the dynamic parameters of the standing human body were independent of the test rig setup and of the subjects' gender. On the other hand, the vibration magnitude and the body masses significantly influenced the natural frequencies but not the damping ratios of the standing subjects. The fundamental natural frequency and damping ratio of the standing human body were about 6.6 Hz and 22% respectively. The identified dynamic parameters of the standing body can then be used to predict the responses of an occupied structure and the human body. Another group of 74 subjects were tested twice, with and without wearing shoes, which examined the effect of footwear on the dynamic parameters of the standing human body and on the dynamic response of the occupied rig. Only one sweeping harmonic force (13.2 N) was applied to the test rig. This study demonstrated that footwear significantly affected the dynamic parameters of the standing human body. The natural frequency and damping ratio of the standing body with bare feet are higher than those with footwear. When the two genders have the same body mass index (BMI), the maximum responses of the occupied rig are almost identical. When they have the same weight, the response of the rig occupied by the males was higher at the first resonance peak. The accelerations throughout the heights of two subjects were measured, which allowed a comparison between the predicted human whole-body acceleration and the measurements at different positions of the standing human bodies. The predicted frequency response functions (FRFs) had the same pattern as the measured ones and were larger than the measured responses at the head, neck and shoulders. The effects of the mass ratio of a crowd to a SDOF structure and the natural frequency of the structure on the human-structure interaction were examined. It was demonstrated that, for a light crowd, such as seen on office floors, the occupied structure would respond less than the bare structure, where the human body acts like a tuned-mass-damper, while the body responses were higher than that of the bare structure. For a larger crowd, such as seen on grandstands, the responses of the occupied structure and the human body were both smaller than that of the bare structure although the body response was larger than that of the occupied structure. A comparison between the human-structure interaction model used in this study and three other models was conducted. The dynamic parameters of the models were identified from the above experiments, in which the natural frequencies of the body for the four models were similar. It showed that the predicted responses of the occupied structure were similar based on the four models. However, there were obvious differences in the predicted body responses. A detailed comparison between the proposed model, Griffin's models and the available measurements showed that the damping ratios used in Griffin's models were too high, which prevents the two resonance frequencies from being observed. In addition, the predicted human body response calculated by the proposed model is much higher than that from Griffin's models.

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Marubayashi, Julio Massaharu 1974. "Interação de Tomato severe rugose virus com Bemisia tabaci biótipo B, a acessos de Capsicum spp. e ocorrência de espécies de mosca-branca no Estado de São Paulo /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105385.

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Resumo: Tomato severe rugose virus - ToSRV é um vírus pertencente ao gênero Begomovirus da família Geminiviridae, proveniemte de pimentão e transmitido pelo aleirodídeo Bemisia tabaci biótipo B. Este biótipo B foi introduzido no início dos anos 90, é um inseto polífago reproduzindo-se em mais de 500 espécies de plantas anuais e herbáceas. Causa danos diretos como a sucção de seiva com ação toxicogênica e aparecimento de fumagina, e danos indiretos pela transmissão de vírus, principalmente os begomovírus. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a interação do isolado ToSRV [PJU] com o vetor Bemisia tabaci biótipo B, avaliar a atratividade do inseto à diversos acessos de Capsicum spp., e determinar os biótipos de mosca-branca encontrados no Estado de São Paulo. Para avaliar a eficiência de transmissão do vírus pelo inseto foram realizadas as combinações tomateiro para tomateiro (T/T), tomateiro para pimentão (T/P), pimentão para pimentão (P/P) e pimentão para tomateiro (P/T). As melhores condições de transmissão foram observadas com temperaturas ao redor de 30 ºC, a partir de T/T e P/T. Quando diferentes números de insetos foram utilizados houve um aumento na transmissão, exceto para a combinação de P/P, onde não foi verificada esta correlação. Com relação ao período de acesso à aquisição, foi observado que maiores tempos de aquisição promoveram aumento na transmissão do vírus pela mosca-branca para T/T e P/T, enquanto que na combinação T/P e P/P, menores tempos de aquisição permitiram uma melhor transmissão.Utilizando-se um período de acesso à inoculação mínima de 15 minutos, foi possível a transmissão do vírus pelo inseto, exceto na combinação P/T e quanto maior este período, maior a taxa de transmissão. Não foi possível avaliar o período de latência, utilizando-se apenas um inseto e transferindo-o durante... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Tomato severe rugose virus - ToSRV is a virus belonging to the genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae, isolated from sweetpepper and transmitted by the aleyrodideo Bemisia tabaci biotype B. This new biotype B was introduced in the beginning of years 90 and it is an insect that multiplies in more than 500 species of annual and herbaceous plants. It toxicogenic action causes damages by suction the plants, the development of a fungus, fumagina, and these insects are vectors of different species of viruses, mainly begomovirus. The objective of this work, was to evaluate the interaction of the isolate ToSRV[PJU] with the vector Bemisia tabaci biotype B, to evaluate the attractiveness of the insect for the diverse genotypes of Capsicum spp, and to determine the biotype of whitefly in the State of São Paulo. To evaluate the efficiency of transmission of the virus by the insect different combinations were analyzed: tomato for tomato (T/T), tomato for sweetpepper (T/SP), sweetpepper for sweetpepper (SP/SP) and sweetpepper for tomato (SP/T). The best conditions of transmission were observed with temperatures around of 30 °C, from T/T and SP/T. Generally higher numbers of insects increased the transmission of the virus, but in the combination of SP/SP this was not observed. The acquisition access period was analysed and demonstrated that bigger times increased the transmission of the virus by the whitefly in the combinations T/T and SP/T. This was not observed in combination T/SP and SP/SP. The minimum period access of inoculation was of 15 minutes, except in combination SP/T. With one insect it wasn't possible to evaluate the period of latency of the virus. It was verified that the leaves of the apex and intermediary of 38 different Capsicum spp. genotypes are the most attractive places for the whitefly and have the h highest egg concentration. The most attractive access was Capsicum frutescens... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Marcelo Agenor Pavan
Coorientador: Renate Krause Sakate
Banca: Antonio Carlos Maringoni
Banca: Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin
Banca: Valdir Atsushi Yuki
Banca: Romulo Fujito Kobori
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Morris, Michael G., and Andrew Dillon. "The Importance of Usability in the Establishment of Organizational Software Standards for End User Computing." Elsevier, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105727.

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This item is not the definitive copy. Please use the following citation when referencing this material: Morris, M. and Dillon, A. (1996) The role of usability in the organizational standards setting process. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 45(2), 243-258. ABSTRACT: The rapid introduction of microcomputers into organizations throughout the last decade gave new importance to the analysis of how technology impacts organizations. In particular, research on usability has sought to become central to the design and selection of technology for large organizations. However, definitions and methods are not yet standardized. Data gathered from semi-structured interviews of three MIS managers and 125 end-users in three organizations suggest that differences in emphasis on, and definition of usability can exist between these two groups. Usability was not a central concern to managers when evaluating end-user software packages considered for adoption as the organizational standard, though it appeared to be so for end-users. Moreover, managers tended to consider and evaluate usability based only on features contained in the user interface, whereas end-users often cited contextual factors such as task and environmental considerations. Implications for technology assessment and future research into organizational impact of I.T. are presented.

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