Academic literature on the topic 'Interaction hôte agent pathogène'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interaction hôte agent pathogène":
SAULNIER, D., Y. REYNAUD, I. ARZUL, L. MIOSSEC, F. LE ROUX, and C. GOARANT. "Émergence de maladies chez les organismes d’intérêt aquacole : quelques scénarios illustrés d’exemples." INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 3 (September 7, 2007): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.3.3456.
Clerivet, A., and J. J. Macheix. "Interaction hôte-parasite Solanum gilo (Raddli) Stemphylium floridanum (Hannon et Weber). Relation entre teneur en acide chlorogénique foliaire et résistance au pathogène." Journal of Phytopathology 139, no. 4 (December 1993): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1993.tb01433.x.
Soulie, Marie-Christine, Brigitte Vian, and Thérèse Guillot-Salomon. "Interactions hôte–parasite lors de l'infection par Cercosporella herpotrichoides, agent du piétin-verse : morphologie du parasite et ultrastructure des parois d'hôtes sensibles et résistants." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-110.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interaction hôte agent pathogène":
He, Le. "Interactions hôte-pathogène entre Caenorhabditis elegans et le champignon Drechmeria coniospora." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4080/document.
We have successfully adapted a PEG-mediated transformation protocol for D. coniospora. Together with the ccdB and Gibson based plasmid construction method, we established a system to genetically manipulate this fungus which serves as an important tool for host-pathogen interaction study. We identified the specific pathogenic lifestyle of D. coniospora based on its genomic sequence. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a list of potential fungal effectors which engage with the host immunity, for instance SapA (G3895). We further constructed a reporter strain for SapA and identified its host target SPP-5, an antimicrobial peptide. Our study focusing particularly on the pathogen provides an insight for the host-pathogen interaction between C. elegans and D. coniospora. Despite the successful generation of 5 D. coniospora transgenic strains. Nevertheless, the remaining problems such as multiple transferring during protoplasts preparation and slow growth of D. coniospora after transformation still need to be resolved. One of the solutions is to substitute the general medium with a medium resembling the host environment.We show that D. coniospora SapA protein interacts with worm immune effector, SPP-5 in vitro indicating its potential role to suppress the host immunity. Due to the fact that SapA is also highly expressed at the late stage of infection, we cannot rule out the other possible functions of this protein. We could employ Mass spectrometry technique to identify other host proteins which interact with SapA in vivo
Cellier, Mathieu. "Elaboration de modèles expérimentaux pour l'étude des stress cellulaires dans les interactions hôte - agent pathogène." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20205.
Ayach, Maya. "Interaction hôte-pathogène : mécanisme d’inhibition de la synthèse protéique humaine par la protéine circumsporozoïte de Plasmodium falciparum, agent du paludisme." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6100.
During my PhD, I was concerned by the study of the host-parasite interaction and its consequences on protein synthesis in human and Plasmodium falciparum (parasite responsible of the malaria) respectively. I have developed two major aspects : (i) The study of the aminoacylation reaction of transfer RNA and thus by comparison of human and parasite systems and (ii) the understanding of the mechanism of inhibition of protein synthesis in human by the Circumsporozoite protein of the parasite, a transmembrane protein which is secreted during the parasite infection of host hepatocytes. The plasmodial cytosolic tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is a classical synthetase concerning its structural organization. It possesses two functional domains, catalytic domain and tRNA binding one. The kinetic characteristics of the aminocylation reaction (Km, Kcat and plateau) were determined. I have clearly shown that plasmodial TyrRS animoacylates both transcripts of plasmodial and human tRNATyr with the same efficiency. On the other hand, only a small fraction of modified human tRNATyr was aminoacylated by the parasite enzyme. These results indicate that crossaminoacylation reactions between the parasite and human are possible, but their efficiency varies from one system to another. Concerning the apicoplastic TyrRS, this enzyme, at the opposite of the cytosolic one, it presents two insertions. These insertions are characteristic of some parasite proteins and are called LCR (Low Complexity Region). The presence of such sequences in the apicoplastic TyrRS but also in other parasite proteins makes their expression in heterologous systems a difficult obstacle in the study of the parasite. During my PhD work, I did participate to the collaboration of a new hypothese concerning the function and the role of these insertions in the production of soluble proteins. These LCRs play a key role in the co-translational folding of the parasite proteins. Finally, the big part of my work concerns the study of consequence of the host-parasite interactions on protein synthesis in human liver cells during the hepatic stage of the infection. During this stage, the parasite is covered by a transmembrane protein called the Circumsporozoite protein (CSP). Previous study in 1997 showed that CSP is secreted by the parasite, and co-localizes with endoplasmique reticulum where it does probably inhibit host translation. I have demonstrated by using rabbit reticulocytes lysate, that CSP inhibits efficiently translation and that by inhibiting the formation of pre-initiation complex 48 S. This inhibition involves a direct interaction between the CSP and the small ribosomal particle 40 S. This work shows for the first time that parasites, like some virus, could affect directly host protein synthesis. My work is part of large project concerning the study of hepatic stage of the infection; in this manuscript I will discuss the role and the consequences of such translation inhibition on the parasite life cycle
Burette, Mélanie. "Etude de la réplication intracellulaire et de la persistance de Coxiella burnetii, agent pathogène de la Fièvre Q." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT053.
Intracellular replication and persistence strategies of the Q fever pathogenCoxiella burnetiiCoxiella burnetii is the causative agent of human Q Fever, considered as one of the most relevant re- emerging zoonosis in Europe. C. burnetii infects humans through the inhalation of contaminated aerosols, causing epidemics with serious economic and health consequences. Following internalisation, C. burnetii subverts host cell functions to inhibit the innate immune response and generate a replicative niche called CCV (Coxiella-containing vacuole) characterised by a unique protein and lipid composition. My thesis project focuses on the study of the host/pathogen interactions underlying the persistence and intracellular replication of C. burnetii.First, the function of the effector protein NopA was discovered showing how this protein inhibits the innate immune response in infected cells. The results obtained during my PhD have shown that NopA interacts with Ran and triggers an imbalance in its nucleocytoplasmic gradient, thereby perturbing the nuclear import of eukaryotic proteins and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In parallel, the role of lipid metabolism in the establishment of the CCV was investigated. By using a wide array of lipid probes and confocal microscopy, the lipid signature of CCVs was determined and revealed that PI(4)P and LBPA are actively subverted by C. burnetii during infection. Lipid pulldown assays then led to the identification of C. burnetii candidate effector proteins interacting with host cell lipids. One of them, CBU0635, is a putative phosphoinositide phosphatase that diverts the secretory pathway to the forming Coxiella- containing vacuole while CBU2007 manipulates lysobisphosphatidic acid metabolism to recruit the ESCRT machinery and block the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies. These results help to better understand intracellular replication and persistence strategies of C. burnetii and could allow the development of new antimicrobials and the therapeutic repurposing of C. burnetii proteins
Cesbron, Sophie. "Interaction entre des mutants hrp d'Erwinia amylovora, agent du feu bactérien, le parent pathogène et la plante hôte : recherche de mécanismes modulant la compatibilité." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455109.
Delaunay-Cesbron, Sophie. "Interaction entre des mutants hrp d'Erwinia amylovora, agent du feu bactérien, le parent pathogène et la plante hôte : recherche de mécanismes modulant la compatibilité." Angers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ANGE0017.
Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, a disease that affects Maloideae. This gammaproteobacteria requires a type three secretion system (T3SS) for its pathogenicity. Previous work has shown that avirulent hrp mutant strains of E. Amylovora affected in regulatory functions (hrpL and hrpS) protect apple seedlings from developping fire blight symptoms. We investigated molecular mechanisms leading to this protection. In a first part of our work, we studied molecular responses of the protected plant, according to major defense pathways (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene) and in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Results show that none of these pathways is particularly induced by Ea hrpL or Ea hrpS mutants. Then, the hypothesis of a direct effect of mutants on the wild type strain has been denied. We tried to trace differential transcripts and proteins between these bacteria through targeted and global approaches (targeted genes vs cDNA-AFLP). Results show that HrpL and HrpS are able to differentially regulate other genes that hrp genes : HrpL negatively regulates flagellar system, chemotaxis and genes related to GSP, and positively regulates one gene of T1SS and one OMP ; HrpS negatively regulates quorum sensing and positively regulates one gene implicated in the synthesis of ethylene. We were particularly interested in flagellar system of E. Amylovora. An in silico analysis of flagellar genes led to the discovery that E. Amylovora possesses two flagellar systems with distincts flagellins (32 vs 50KDa). The 32KDa flagellin, overexpressed in hrpL mutant, does not display the flg22 peptide classically implicated in elicitation and is not necessary for protection. On the whole, our work does not entirely explain the origin of the plant protection, induced by regulatory hrp mutants, nevertheless it provides new key information on E. Amylovora and on the regulation of several genes during the interaction with the host plant
Barbosa, Cavalcante Maria de Jesus. "Imagerie cellulaire de l'interaction Musa acuminata : mycosphaerella fijiensis." Montpellier SupAgro, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSAM0031.
Consentino, Laurent. "Mécanismes d'acquisition du fer de l'hôte chez Bacillus cereus : rôle du couple bacillibactine-FeuA et expression des gènes impliqués dans l'homéostasie du fer in vivo durant l’infection intestinale chez l’insecte." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA018/document.
Iron acquisition is essential for most living organisms, including many pathogenic bacteria. However, free iron is toxic: it is bound into storage or transport proteins (e.g. ferritin, hemoproteins…) and iron homeostasis is tightly regulated. To scavenge iron from these sources, bacteria possess several systems to acquire the bound iron, by surface proteins or siderophores. Bacillus cereus is a sporeforming Gram-positive bacterium, opportunistic human pathogen, 2nd cause of food-borne disease in France. It has been demonstrated that the B. cereus surface protein IlsA and the siderophore bacillibactin (BB) are involved in iron acquisition from ferritin and that these two molecules are important for infection of the insect model G. mellonella. My thesis project focused on two parts: first the study of the BB-Fe3+ complex import into the cell by the siderophore binding protein FeuA highlights the central role of both BB and FeuA. The deletion of the genes encoding for these two molecules limits iron acquisition by B. cereus from ferritin, heme, hemoglobin and inorganic iron in vitro. On the other hand, the virulence phenotype during intra-haemocelic infection of G. mellonella is similar to the Wild-type strain. These results suggest a possible feedback on the expression of virulence factor genes when B. cereus is unable to synthetize both BB and FeuA, and therefore are under high stress. The second part of my work focused on the expression of genes involved in iron homeostasis in vivo, during gut infection of germ-free larvae of G. mellonella. We chose to perform a microgenomic approach, using laser-capture microdissection to get small samples in targeted areas, and then analysing the expression of chosen genes by RT-qPCR and ddPCR at two time points post ingestion The results show that : i) the colonisation of G. mellonella gut is impacted when B. cereus is deprived of both BB and FeuA ; ii) ilsA is expressed during gut infection ; iii) iron homeostasis is involved in adaptation and pathogenicity from the early step of infection of the insect gut ; iv) only weak gene expression modulation occured between the two timepoints This work gives new fundamental knowledge about B. cereus iron homeostasis, and highlights the use of new techniques regarding the in situ study of host-pathogen interactions
Baurès, Isabelle. "Caractérisation moléculaire de l’éliciteur et analyse des partenaires requis pour la résistance à des virus contrôlée par le gène Rx de pomme de terre chez les plantes cultivées." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0001.
In potato, the resistance gene (Rx) encodes a protein that confers resistance against Potato virus X (PVX). The trigger of the resistance is the recognition of PVX coat protein (CP). The mechanisms of this resistance are not well understood. In this project we investigate two different aspects of this interaction. The first goal of this project is to characterize the CP elicitor. In the first approach we mutagenized key amino acids in the PVX CP and showed that the affinity between elicitor and receptor modulates the intensity of the Rx response. In the second approach we showed that other viruses related to PVX with natural sequence variations in the CP are able to induce Rx mediated resistance. The second goal of this project is to identify genes required for Rx mediated resistance a collection of EMS mutants tomato (cv Micro-Tom) carrying the Rx gene has been generated and screened for restored susceptibility to PVX. Three mutants were identified and characterized
Blisnick, Adrien. "Caractérisation de IrSPI, un inhibiteur de sérine protéase impliqué dans la prise du repas sanguin et l’infection bactérienne des tiques Ixodes ricinus." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0005/document.
Ixodes ricinus tick species, the most abundant and widespread tick in Europe, is an important vector of pathogens affecting both animal and human health. To replace the use of acaricides that generate environmental contamination and resistances, new environmentally sustainable approaches providing broad protection against ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBP) are urgently needed. Such development requires improved understanding of the biology of ticks and more particularly of their interactions with vertebrate hosts and TBP. Tick saliva is an essential biofluid for ticks, as its proteolytic, anticoagulant, immunomodulatory, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities allow ticks to acquire their blood meal under optimal conditions. Moreover, injection of saliva during blood feeding represents the principal route by which TBP are transmitted to the host. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in TBP transmission, as well as to identify putative vaccine candidates against I. ricinus, salivary glands from bacteria infected and uninfected ticks were previously compared by high throughput transcriptomics. The most up-regulated transcript following infection was IrSPI, which belongs to the Kunitz/BPTI inhibitor family. Functional analyses via RNAi knockdown experiments revealed that IrSPI enhances both blood feeding and bacterial burden in the salivary glands. This present PhD work concerns then the structural, biochemical and functional characterization of IrSPI as a molecule involved in tick-host-pathogen interactions. Our aim was first to define the structure of IrSPI gene but, unfortunately, while our results have led to progress on this issue, we have not been able to get the full sequence. Then, the dynamic of IrSPI expression was evaluated during both tick feeding and colonization of ticks by pathogens, showing that its expression is induced by blood feeding and TBP but not by Escherichia coli that is not transmitted by I. ricinus. In addition, our results shown the expression of IrSPI in several tick organs, suggesting its implication in several functions in tick physiology. Among them, the discovery of the injection of IrSPI, through the saliva, to the vertebrate host allowed us to consider a role in host responses to tick bite. Evaluation of IrSPI effect on host showed no impact on coagulation through extrinsic pathway, as determined by analysis of thrombin generation time and by fibrinolysis, or in angiogenesis. However, it inhibited the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated CD4+ lymphocytes and increased unstimulated-B cell proliferation. In addition, IrSPI also modulated cytokine production from macrophages and splenocytes, repressing significantly most of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Thus, we demonstrated that IrSPI plays a role in modulating the host immune response during blood feeding. Finally, preliminary results in the identification of the protein’s interactants open many research perspectives for understanding how IrSPI acts in tick physiology and counteracts host responses to tick injury and pathogen transmission