Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interaction sociale chez le nourrisson'
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Burgardt, Infanti Rúbia. "L’engagement social chez le bébé de 4-5 mois en situation de dialogue avec des partenaires familiers et étrangers : vers une approche intégrative." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100090/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to find out whether, beyond linguistic and social preferences for their native language and its users, infants younger than 6 months become involved with the rhythms and dialogical opportunities of speech. We chose to study the communicative behavior of infants aged 4 to 5 months because this constitutes a pivotal period for the integration of communicative competence. On the one hand, turn-taking is still a predominant type of organization in social interaction, and on the other hand, infants at this age are still more interested in social partners than in solitary object exploration. Furthermore, this period is usually thought to precede enculturation or the possibility of cultural learning. Yet, by 5 months, infants behave differently with a native language speaker than with a foreign language speaker and with a familiar person than with a stranger. This thesis includes 3 studies aimed at gaining insight into the social engagement of infants in situations of real and potential communication with social partners. The first study focuses on differences in vocal turn-taking organization between Brazilian and French cultural contexts. The second study’s aim is to shed light on the various expressive modalities infants use responsively in both cultural contexts during pauses between maternal utterances. In the third study, which is experimental, we wanted to know whether a French infant would have different expectations when faced with a French-speaking interlocutor compared with an interlocutor speaking a foreign language (Brazilian in this case). Overall, this thesis also makes a case for a more integrative approach to the study of infant communication, away from a dualist vision separating the body from thought, familiarity from novelty and innate from learned behavior and moving towards a more holistic perspective on humans beings
Bergeron, Luc. "Interaction sociale et éthique communicationnelle chez Habermas." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1994. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5220/1/000611290.pdf.
Full textSalazar, Delgadillo Stefanie Sofia. "L'entraînement à la déviance en début de scolarisation : processus interpersonnels et conséquences sociales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28317/28317.pdf.
Full textDeviancy training, defined as the constellation of social processes which shape, encourage and promote deviant behaviours between peers, is associated with the increase in behaviour problems in both childhood and adolescence. The few studies which have examined deviancy training in childhood are however limited in several ways. They have only studied positive reinforcement as a social influence process and have ignored others such as modeling; they have not identified the roles children can take in the interaction, either being the training agent or the one receiving the training; they studied deviancy training between general peers and did not specifically consider friends’ contribution; and have used only at risk samples. This thesis provides a more complete portrait of deviancy training. Using the longitudinal Quebec Newborn Twin Study, we document the prevalence of modeling and positive reinforcement – provided and received – at six years of age, as well as the concurrent contribution of behaviour problems on these dimensions. We also examined the contribution of deviancy training on the increase of behaviour problems a year later. Results of the first study show that modeling and positive reinforcement – provided and received – are prevalent in this low-risk sample and that behaviour problems are associated only with provided dimensions, thus revealing that deviancy training takes place between deviant and non-deviant children. The second study indicates that, over and above initial behaviour problems, only provided modeling predicts an increase in behaviour problems a year later. Our findings suggest that in low-risk contexts where overall levels of behaviour problems are low, deviancy training is not practiced between deviant peers but between deviant and non deviant children, and that behaviour problems only increase for those who provide deviant modeling. The level of risk in samples is therefore an important factor in deviancy training, as it could influence the degree of affiliation between deviant peers and the social promotion of deviant behaviour. These findings are useful for the design and implementation of programs that target peer affiliations as a way of preventing antisocial behaviour. The measurement weaknesses of the study would however need to be addressed before drawing solid conclusions.
Vogel, David. "Utilisation de l'information privée et sociale chez un unicellulaire (Physarum polycephalum)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/256750.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Zhivaki, Dania. "Neonatal regulatory B cell interaction with respiratory syncytial virus early in life." Paris 7, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC011.
Full textHuman respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is recognized as the major cause of severe lower tract respiratory infections in the paediatric population, particularly in very young infants leading to hospitalization and respiratory assistance. While HRSV infection is asymptomatic in older children and adults, early life infection is considered as a risk factor for asthma development and recurrent wheezing later in life. Newborns and very young infants are highly susceptible to infections. The host immune responses appear to play a significant rote in the pathogenesis of HRSV disease, which is associated with a Th2 biased response and exacerbation of airway inflammation. In infants with primary HRSV infection, fatal outcomes of the disease were associated with massive pulmonary B cells infiltration, but the rote of these cells remains to be assessed. Here, we analysed in newborns the B cell compartment using high-content mass and flow cytometry, transcriptomics and functional studies. We identified a population of neonatal B lymphocytes (nBregs) with immunosuppressive activity via the production of IL-10. We showed that nBregs represent a new target for HRSV. We found that HRSV activates nBreg cells and induces their IL-10 production. We also evidenced in-vitro that nBregs are highly permissive to HRSV infection. Furthermore, we provided clinicat proofs of a positive correlation between the high frequency of nBregs in the blood and the severity of bronchiolitis in hospitalized children. Lnterestingly, nBreg cells were found in the nasopharyngeal aspirates of infected children, and were preferentially infected with the virus. Ln-vitro nBregs were able to control the development of IFN-y -producing Th1 cells, and in-vivo we found that the frequency of CXCR3+ memory Th1 cells negatively correlated with the disease severity. In addition, when nBreg cells were infected in the nasal washes of infected infants, a significantly lower frequency of CXCR3+ Th1 cells was found in the blood, indicating a direct rote of nBregs in Th1 cells inhibition. Ln summary, we identified nBregs as a new target for HRSV and we suggest that nBregs may contribute to the poor control of infection and to immunopathology. NBregs represent a prognosis tool to determine bronchiolitis severity and a potential target for the development of therapeutic intervention in the context of acute RSV infection and related asthma development
Brixhe, Daniel. "Aspects processuels interactifs de la coréférence chez l'enfant (10 à 12 ans) en situation d'explication de jeu." Nancy 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN21023.
Full textThis research relate to construction of coreference with ten to twelve old children, in a natural situation of game's explanation: the U. S. Dominoes. The material in which is based the analysis regroup 25 situations of explanations among children, without adult's intervention, and in the framework of a school tourney. We try to display the interactive processes whereby the cognitive environments' management is assumed by interlocutors. The first part investigates the work of contextualization. The second show characteristics of the assumptions' management in successful and failed communicative acts. Finally, the third part presents some aspects of social interaction with peers in construction of mathematical concepts and schemas
Roux, Martine. "Ecriture et idéologie chez le galicien Alvaro Cunqueiro : recherche sur une interaction." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT5015.
Full textChaussegros, de Léry Élisabeth. "Attachement mère-enfant et adaptation comportementale et hormonale des jeunes enfants en situation de nouveauté sociale." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1999.
Find full textBruneau-Bhérer, Rosée. "Le développement de la cognition sociale chez les enfants et ses liens avec le fonctionnement social dans les troubles du spectre de l'autisme." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24160.
Full textLafontaine, Yves. "Facteurs influençant la complexité des thèmes du faire-semblant chez les enfants de six ans." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1999.
Find full textPérier, Antoine. "Interaction sociale et recherche d'objet caché chez de jeunes enfants atteints d'autisme, porteurs de trisomie 21 et "tout venant"." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H092.
Full textSearching for hidden objects cannot be reduced to the simple notion of object permanence. We conceptualize this process as a problem solving activity. From the age of 12 months, infants generally no longer commit the A not B error. However the study of children’s behaviour in response to this task is nonetheless interesting when considering that the presence of adults adds a social aspect to the situation. Our results show that at different ages, autistic children perform as well as neurotypical children and children who have been diagnosed with Down’s Syndrome when subjects are matched for developmental age. The resuits also indicate that the effect of social solicitation on children’s performance depends essentially upon the intensity of the social stimulation and the chidren’ s developmental age. However contrary to the manner in which normally developping children typically behave in response to this particular task, autistic subjects do not show an increase in social play as developmental age increases
Gwinner, André. "Efficacité de l'interaction sociale entre pairs dans une tâche de construction de puzzles chez des enfants de 4-5 ans." Nancy 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN21003.
Full textBafoutche, Mahamadou Abdoul-Kader. "Influence de l'environnement bâti sur l'interaction sociale des enfants à Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27433.
Full textThe built environment and transportation (eg. walking, cycling) influence person mobility and social interaction; especially for children aged (between 10 and 12 years) who are beginning to explore and to know their physical and social environment. However, there is little information about the relationship between transportation and children social interaction. Understanding better the potential links, this research has examined the relationship between each of the following variables: the built environment, active transport frequency and independent mobility with social interaction (face-to-face and virtual) among students who studied at primary schools in Quebec City. This study used data collected through a survey questionnaire administered in person and completed by respondents in class. The sample consists of n = 197 respondents from six schools that are located in three urban sectors of Quebec City: central, old suburbs and new suburbs. For reasons of analysis and comparisons of results, two schools per geographic region were considered. The chi-square test of independence and logistic regression (binomial model) were used to do statistical analysis on the self-reported frequency of social interaction and mode use. The results show that children living in the new suburb had more virtual social interaction after school as compared to children living in the central areas, but there is no link between the type of built environment and children’s face-to-face social interaction. Having social media frequency influences the likelihood of children's virtual social interaction. Active transport frequency is more associated with children’s face-to-face social interaction. The results show that children who regularly do active transport have more face-to-face social interaction compared to their peers who rarely travel by foot or bike. This research also confirms that walking or cycling frequencies are not related to virtual social interaction. Finally, having a high level of autonomy for children’s movements (based on the right to walk or cycle alone) influenced social interaction (face-to-face) compared the situation where children have a low level of freedom movement alone or with peers. Finally, the study confirms there is a link between child’s gender and face-to-face social interaction. For example, having face-to-face social interaction, boys get more than girls with the same age. However, our results suggest there is no link between virtual social interaction and child's gender.
MONOD, RUIMY LYDIE. "L'identite psycho-sociale du conseiller d'orientation. Du sentiment d'identite chez le conseiller d'orientation a son identification (l'orientation : interaction individu - formation - environnement)." Lyon 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO20055.
Full textFrom vocational counsellor to orientation psychologist, from change to change, the history of this profession has been retraced in search of it's identity. Referring to accepted concepts of position and role, society has given him his identity and imposed restrictions. The means of which he disposes no longer correspond to his assigned objectives. His activities depend upon his utilisation of today' reality. Normalised training, and a distinct feminine majority characterise this profession which covers many different aspects in europe. In spite of the many institutional situations, the diversity of methods and the evolution of theoretical concepts, this professional body is formed around an objective, forms an entity and refers to a school of thought based on certain ideas - autonomy, independence, authority, confrontation, decision. At the crossroads of education, economics and professions, the counsellor centers his action on the knowledge of others. His conception of the human being is the base of his work, to preserve individual freedom when faced with a choice of orientation, participate in the building of an identity on the dual planes of knowledge and directional guidance. He works within and for the group. His role, characterised by its institutional functions demands relational skills, independence and understanding. Essentially his public defines him as a source of information, pushing him into the position of an assistant, there in order to help resolve general and employment problems. The capacity to satisy demand is his objective. His efficiency depends on the adaptation and the integration of the person. His personality remains an essential component of the job. His evolving professional identity, constant in time if not in space, vanishes into an unfinished dimension. The counsellor needs to readjust his dailly tasks to exist. . .
Pillot, Marie-Hélène. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation des déplacements collectifs chez le mouton Mérinos (Ovis aries)." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1366/.
Full textThis thesis presents a comprehensive set of results, obtained through an innovative experimental methodology, that have important and extensive implications for the fields of integrative biology and complex systems. The main objective of the thesis is to study the inter-individual interactions involved during the initiation and coordination of movement in gregarious vertebrates, and in particular in the sheep Merinos d'Arles (Ovis aries). Key questions are, when an individual initiates a movement, what information is taken into account by conspecifics, how is this information spread across the group, and what mechanisms underlie the collective decision processes? To answer these questions, we created an experimental paradigm to trigger, in a standardized way, the movement of trained individuals that were then placed in a group of naïve conspecifics. Using two types of stimuli, a sound (public) and a vibration (private), we could evaluate the individual response of followers, and the effect of the behavioural state on this response. An additional set of experiments also provided recordings of spontaneous initiations of movement. Our results suggest that every individual in a group can initiate a collective movement. Our quantitative analysis then showed that, in Mérinos sheep, the individual decision to follow depends on a double mimetic effect; individuals take into account both the number of already departed individuals and the number of individuals which have not yet departed. A comparison between three experimental situations reveals that the decision rule is unique and that the behavioural state of potential followers only slightly affects the collective dynamics. Our approach, a combination of experimentation and modelling, provides original results that contribute to the understanding of individual and collective decision-making processes, and of the mechanisms involved during collective movement. The experimental paradigm that was proposed here, and the mathematical tools that were used, open interesting perspectives for new experimental studies and for the generalization of the behavioural rules exposed in this thesis
Gandon-Crétois, Eva. "Etude de l'effet-tuteur chez des enfants d'âge préscolaire dans des tâches de catégorisation." Rennes 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN20020.
Full textThe term "tutor-effect" has been coined to refer to the cognitive benefits the tutor her/himself gains from her/his tutoring activity. Till now, this effect has been studied with spatial tasks only : this raises the question of its generality. The three empirical studies presented here have two aims. The first is to establish this generality ; the second to investigate the specific role of verbal activity in the production of the effect. In the first perspective, categorization tasks have been used in a pre-test/training/post-test format to compare performances of contrasted groups of five-yeare-old-children. The tutoring group is consistently superior to the non tutoring groupes. As to the second aim, the comparison between a tutoring group and a group in which the child has just to describe verbally her/his representation shows a better performance of the first one, indicating that the simple "redescription" of one's representations is less efficient than the socio-cognitive activity of tutoring. The discussion refers to the role of socio-cognitive activities in generating metacognitive processes and promoting the child's cognitive development
Godin, Julie. "Interventions visant à améliorer l'engagement ludique dans les interactions sociales des enfants d'âge préscolaire présentant un Trouble du Spectre Autistique (TSA) : une "scoping study"." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26129.
Full textPreschool-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience significant difficulties engaging in meaningful play. Enabling their playful engagement in social interactions, the foundation of social play, is an important objective for occupational therapists. However, little is known about which interventions promote this competency. This thesis presents the results of a conceptual clarification exercise in which several key behaviors associated with the construct of playful engagement in preschool-aged children with ASD were identified, plus the results of a scoping study which revealed a considerable number and variety of strategies as well as intervention approaches that are coherent with the promotion of playful engagement. These results provide specific guidance to occupational therapists about how to promote the meaningful social interactions of young children with ASD and provide different strategies that may be embedded by parents in their daily interactions with their children. Several directions for future research are presented.
Clavel, Béatrice Dolle Jean-Marie. "Analyse des paliers d'équilibrations fonctionnels dans la construction des régulations intersubjectives de l'hétéronomie à la coopération /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/clavel_b.
Full textClavel, Béatrice. "Analyse des paliers d'équilibrations fonctionnels dans la construction des régulations intersubjectives : de l'hétéronomie à la coopération." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/clavel_b.
Full textGrandgeorge, Marine. "Le lien à l'animal permet-il une récupération sociale et cognitive chez l'enfant avec autisme ?" Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662840.
Full textColin, Catherine. "Apports d'une situation de difficulté d'accès à la nourriture dans l'étude des relations sociales chez le rat." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10289.
Full textBalacheff, Nicolas. "Une étude des processus de preuve en mathématique chez des élèves de collège." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Grenoble 1, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326426.
Full textFliss, Rafika. "Cognition et Interactions Sociales dans la Maladie d'Alzheimer : Contributions cliniques à l'étude des processus d'adaptation à autrui chez les patients atteints de la Maladie d'Alzheimer." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021982.
Full textMagouri, Iteb. "Etude des interactions entre le comportement et les capacités physiques chez des adolescents Tunisiens obèses et non obèses scolarisés." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100047.
Full textThe aim of this study is to associate two phenomena of analysis of the psychological behavior and physical capacity of a population of obese and non-obese Tunisian teenagers. The PLS method has enabled us to evaluate the relation between self-esteem, physical appearance, sports competence, obesity and the intrinsic motivation based on a limited sample of 123 subjects through a questionnaire. We have also subjected our population to physical and anthropometrical tests. These psychological construct interact together in a considerable way and are part of self-esteem build up (t > 1,96), the intrinsic motivation excluded. The obese teenagers are not satisfied with their bodies and develop a low self-esteem; they however, evaluate their physical appearance and their motivation in a wrongly positive way opposed to the to the non-obese who evaluated themselves correctly (p < 0,01). We have proved a strong correlation between psychological and physical criteria for the whole sample (r = 0,79). The interactions between these parameters have enabled us to establish the psychological and physical profile according to the degree of obesity and gender. The obese and non-obese teenagers have profiles in phase opposition. The two methods that we have used to measure the % of body fat are highly correlated (r = 0. 86) but not interchangeable. The BMI has proved to be a better indicator of psychological behavior of teenagers than the % of body fat which better inform on their physical abilities. The degree of obesity has therefore an impact on the behavior and performance of the teenagers
Descôteaux, Amélie. "Observation directe du niveau d'activité des enfants nés prématurément d'âge scolaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44965.
Full textGarry, Cécile. "Etude longitudinale des compétences sociales chez les enfants avec TSA d'âge préscolaire : articulation entre approches expérimentale et écologique." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR145/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to assess the development of social skills in preschool childrenwith ASD. 19 children (mean age at baseline = 52.44 months, SD = 10.07) enrolled in Kindergarten special schools were followed for 10 months. Based on the model of Yeates et al. (2007), social skills are apprehended according to two of three components, the social information processing and the social interaction behaviors. The social information processing is evaluated by the visual exploration of social scenes in an eye-tracking paradigm. The social interaction behaviors are observed in ecological situation at school. Expectedly, the main results show that the severity of the disorders and the socio-communicative level at the beginning of the study influence the development of children’s social skills in these two components. However, this need to be modulated according to the context. Patterns of social scenes exploration are relatively stable during the school year. On the other hand, a progress is notable in terms of social behavior in the classroom. In addition, links can be made between the development of social information processing and social interaction behaviors in the classroom. The analysis of individual profiles demonstrates a variety of individual social skills development trajectories that can be linked to the clinical profiles of children
Demers, Érika. "La perception des jeunes des effets de la vie sociale en ligne sur la socialisation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27217.
Full textThis exploratory study focuses on young people and their use of social platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instragram and many others. This new generation of social context allows young people to communicate and build relationships regardless of time and space. In order to answer the question "How do young people perceive the effects that social life online has on their socialization? ", 12 young people from 18 to 24 years of age from Cégep de Sainte-Foy were interviewed individually. In a perspective of constructivism and interactionism, this approach as been applied to learn more about how the youth perspective and interpretation of their use of social networks. Knowledge development surrounding this issue helps to understand how young people perceive the impact of social life online on their personal and social construction.
Besnard, Jérémy. "Contributions à l'étude des phénomènes de dépendance à l'environnement chez les patients cérébrolésés frontaux." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476745.
Full textJanssoone, Thomas. "Analyse de signaux sociaux multimodaux : application à la synthèse d’attitudes sociales chez un agent conversationnel animé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS607.
Full textDuring an interaction, non-verbal behavior reflects the emotional state of the speaker, such as attitude or personality. Modulations in social signals tell about someone's affective state like variations in head movements, facial expressions or prosody. Nowadays, machines can use embodied conversational agents to express the same kind of social cues. Thus, these agents can improve the quality of life in our modern societies if they provide natural interactions with users. Indeed, the virtual agent must express different attitudes according to its purpose, such as dominance for a tutor or kindness for a companion. Literature in sociology and psychology underlines the importance of the dynamic of social signals for the expression of different affective states. Thus, this thesis proposes models focused on temporality to express a desired affective phenomenon. They are designed to handle social signals that are automatically extracted from a corpus. The purpose of this analysis is the generation of embodied conversational agents expressing a specific stance. A survey of existing databases lead to the design of a corpus composed of presidential addresses. The high definition videos allow algorithms to automatically evaluate the social signals. After a corrective process of the extracted social signals, an agent clones the human's behavior during the addresses. This provides an evaluation of the perception of attitudes with a human or a virtual agent as a protagonist. The SMART model use sequence mining to find temporal association rules in interaction data. It finds accurate temporal information in the use of social signals and links it with a social attitude. The structure of these rules allows an easy transposition of this information to synthesize the behavior of a virtual agent. Perceptual studies validate this approach. A second model, SSN, designed during an international collaboration, is based on deep learning and domain separation. It allows multi-task learning of several affective phenomena and proposes a method to analyse the dynamics of the signals used. These different contributions underline the importance of temporality for the synthesis of virtual agents to improve the expression of certain affective phenomena. Perspectives give recommendation to integrate this information into multimodal solutions
Lee, Ji-Eun. "Etude du malaise dans les échanges communicatifs chez les apprenants coréens et japonais en situations d’apprentissage du français langue étrangère en France." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAC039.
Full textDespite the existing heterogeneity in the class of “French as a foreign language”, there is an element shared by both Korean and Japanese learners, regardless of their study level, field of study, or the duration of their stay in France : a common feeling of not being able to speak French well enough. That observation and the resulting insecurity it causes are often based on subjective criteria, resulting from the idea of an idealized French as well as the learning goals they are supposed to reach. But this depreciation and self-depreciation can also be caused by the attitudes of native speakers which make the learners feel their weakness. From the moment their communicative experiences are marked by a repetitive disparaging judgment towards their French, self-depreciation reinforced by hetero-depreciation eventually generates some discomfort which gradually transforms itself into a kind of a penalizing agent that would take its strength from learning French with questionable results. Even if both public shares a similar depreciative linguistic attitude, communicative standards or similar linguistic dispositions, investigations show that the characteristic unease felt by Korean learners is not always similar to that felt by Japanese learners, as their French is not apprehended in the same way by French native speakers
Gil, Sandrine. "Perception du temps et émotions : étude de l'influence des expressions faciales émotionnelles chez l'enfant et l'adulte." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF20013.
Full textRousseau, Guillaume. "Analyse de l'isolement social, de la sociabilité et de la qualité du soutien social chez les jeunes agriculteurs québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27038/27038.pdf.
Full textMishchenko, Marina. "Réciprocité et expression de confiance en situation de prise de décision chez les personnes avec un Trouble du Spectre de l'Autisme (TSA)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB242.
Full textHow do individuals on the Autism Spectrum respond to different levels of reciprocity during social interactions? The aim of this dissertation is to describe decision making of ASD participants in the social context across different ages (children, adolescents, young adults, and adults), using two experimental paradigms (Cyberball; Trust game) In a series of three experimental studies we: 1) assess the ability of ASD individuals to discriminate between cooperation, fairness, exclusion, and to adopt reciprocal behavior by analyzing their implicit and explicit responses; 2) compare the motivational effects of gain and social affiliation on the recognition of different levels of reciprocity, in typically developed individuals; and 3) test the influence of reputational bias on reciprocal behavior in ASD adolescents using a Bayesian approach of decision making. The use of new methods to improve existing paradigms and to respond to challenges in ASD research are discussed
Belley, Stéphanie. "Les effets de l'accompagnement du technicien en éducation spécialisée sur les interactions sociales d'un élève présentant un trouble du spectre autistique au préscolaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28053.
Full textTo this day, in Quebec, it is estimated that one in every 115 children is diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Noiseux, 2011). Along with the current context of their steady increase, the number of those who are integrated into a regular classroom continues to grow. Given their distinct needs, schools tend to favor the presence of a Special Education Assistant (TES) in the regular classroom in order to support students in developing their autonomy and learning (SRSEAS, 2007). In despite of the initial objectives and the individual intervention of the TES, a review of the literature revealed adverse effects that may be associated with excessive student management, which may accentuate differences between peers and them. This paper presents the results of a descriptive study to illuminate the individual support practices of the special education technician when working with preschool students with ASD in order to gain a better understanding of these practices. The results also look at the effects of these practices on the evolution of the social interactions of the students targeted during a school year. These results provide specific guidance to school boards to promote the academic and social success of students with ASD integrated in the regular classroom.
Hamelin, Héloïse. "Perturbation des processus décisionnels : mise en évidence de vulnérabilités à la consommation de sucre ou d'édulcorants chez la souris." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL024.
Full textDecision making is a cognitive and adaptative process essential to survival. Adapted choices relie on several mental processes integration which lead to choose the most efficient option. Choices are driven by primary rewards, such as food or reproduction, or by secondary rewards, indirectly related to survival, such as novelty exploration. In a dynamic environment, long term adapted decisions require the development of behavioral flexibility, learning and evaluation of choices and their consequences in order to better anticipate them in the future. This Ph.D. work aimed to assess non pathological impacts on decision process, neural substrate and neurochemistry, of reward system perturbation. We have studied, in adult and adolescent mice, a continuous consumption of low doses of sucrose and sweeteners. For this purpose, we have used different behavioral paradigms classically used in the lab : the Mouse Gambling Task (MGT) and the Social Interaction Task (SIT) which place respectively the mouse in a food seeking context or a contexte of interaction with a same-sex congener, asking planification, and flexible adaptation of actions. Individual variability of behavioral responses was studied to determine if some individuals are more vulnerable than others to develop behavioral disorders. My results show that reward system perturbations by long term sweet or sweeteners consumption affect decision behavior, whatever the reward, food or social interaction. These behavioral alterations come with neuronal activity and neurochemistry modifications, especially concerning dopamine levels and turn over, in the prefrontal cortex, and the striatum structures markedly involved in reward evaluation, learning and behavioral flexibility. Sweet, and sweeteners consumptions that start from adolescence amplified neurochemical modifications observed after adult consumption, leading to additional serotoninergic modifications.Finally, early or late consumption revealed vulnerability markers : according to the consumed products, between 55 and 65% of mice display extreme decision profiles as compared to only 45% of mice that consummed plain water. Mice which consumed sweeteners showed significantly more pronounced behavioral rigidity while those consumming sucrose were more hesitant and emphasized risk taking. My results show that reward system perturbation by extended sweet, or sweeteners consumption is sufficient to cause high behavioral, and cerebral altérations, independently of any metabolic adjustement. These alterations, pointing to individual vulnerability, and resilience, are new clues for unraveling vulnerability markers to develop behavioral disorders
Al, Aïn Syrina. "Les comportements préalables à la prise lactée chez le souriceau : caractérisation de sécrétions maternelles réactogènes et implication de l'expérience néonatale." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920664.
Full textJulien, Catherine. "Relation entre le niveau de développement morphosyntaxique d'enfants négligés âgés de 4 ans et la qualité des interactions dans le groupe en services de garde éducatifs." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33968.
Full textCONTEXT. Neglect is the most common form of maltreatment in children under 6 years of age. Given the lack of warm, well-adjusted parent-child interactions that characterizes it, this context of adversity greatly compromises their development, particularly language. Their language difficulties, found in research in an English-speaking context, are manifested mainly in the morphosyntactic component of language. However, the morpshosyntactic development of French-speaking neglected children remains unknown, hence the interest of conducting work in this language. In addition to deepening our understanding of the challenges of developing the morphosyntactic component, it is essential to focus on the educational contexts in which neglected children evolve and that are likely to have a positive influence on their language skills, particularly early childhood educations (ECE) settings. More specifically, the quality of the interactions in the group is the component of ECE that is most strongly associated with language. AIMS. The thesis aims to 1- describe the level of morphosyntactic development of neglected children aged 4 years and compare it to that of non-neglected peers; 2- to quantify the prevalence of morphosyntactic difficulties (MD) in neglected children, approximated by the mean length of utterances in morphemes (MLUm); and 3- to study the relationship between the quality of interactions in the group in ECE settings and the presence of MD in these children. METHODS. A sample of 136 children, including 44 neglected children, was recruted. A spontaneous language sample was collected using semi-structured standardized play to measure the participants' level of morphosyntactic development. The analysis was performed using the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts software. A sub-sample of 18 neglected children who attended an ECE setting was then created. The quality of interactions was estimated by the Classroom Assessment Scoring System Pre-K. RESULTS. Neglected children have a level of development of MLUm up to seven times lower than their non-neglected peers. Their MDs also translate into less frequent verbal inflections and more frequent word omissions. The results suggest trends between four dimensions of the quality of interactions in the group and the MLUm of neglected children with MDs, two positive and two negative. CONCLUSION. The results confirm for the first time the great MDs of French-speaking neglected children. The innovative aspect of the thesis is also reflected in the demonstration of a relationship between the quality of interactions in the ECE setting and the morphosyntactic skills of neglected children with MDs. The findings from this study illustrate, particularly through the high prevalence of MD, the high need for individual services in speech-language therapy for neglected children. The results also argue for support to maintain and improve the level of quality of interactions in the ECEs attended by neglected children.
Dominguez, Sara. "L’interaction vocale mère/nouveau-né : la communication à l’aube de la vie." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100026/document.
Full textAround the second month of life, infants have the ability to partake in vocal interactions characterized by turn-taking sequences, where each partner takes turns. Little is known however, on the emergence of the ability to partake in social interaction in the neonatal period. In the present research, we wish to explore this ability by studying the vocal interaction between the mother and her newborn infant. Fifteen mothers and their newborns were recorded in a face-to-face interaction when the newborns were 2 to 4 days old. The recordings were analyzed from 3 different angles: the content of the mother’s speech addressed to her newborn, the temporal organization of the mother and newborn vocalizations, and the acoustic qualities of the newborn vocalizations. Our results suggest that the mothers attune the content of their speech to the newborns’ behavioral sates, and seem to consider their newborn as a partner in the interaction. Moreover, the vocal interaction is characterized by turn-taking sequences, which rely on the active vocal participation of the newborn. A 1-second window seems be the correct window to appreciate social contingency in the neonatal period. Furthermore, duration of the vocalization seems to be the feature upon which mothers rely to perceive communicative intent in the newborn non-cry vocalizations. Behavioral state 5 appears to have a particular status in the production of non-cry vocalizations. As a whole, this research suggests that the newborn communicates intentionally, and the behavioral states play in important role in communication during the neonatal period
Girard, Pauline. "Processus inférentiels sociaux et langagiers chez les enfants et adolescents avec un trouble du spectre de l’autisme : approches clinique et développementale." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN20003.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to investigate the social and language development of children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) through the study of the non-literal aspects of language. Our first study explores the developmental trajectories of the social and language inferential processes underlying the understanding of this implicit dimension of language, as well as their predictive factors. This longitudinal study involved 12 children and adolescents with ASDs compared to their controls. Our second study involved the development and evaluation of a social skills training group (SSTG) for four adolescents with ASDs. This support was designed to address the social and language difficulties of people with ASD. Rather than a stable global deficit, the results of the first study highlight a partial and progressive alteration of the inferential capacities of the participants with an ASD. Regarding the predictive factors explored (chronological age, language level, executive functions), the performance of all participants was associated with chronological age. Among executive functions, only working memory appears as a predictive factor, and only for participants with an ASD. Concerning our second study, our results highlight the beneficial effect of the SSTG implemented for the four adolescents who participated. Our work opens perspectives in terms of evaluation and remediation to promote the development of inferential capacities in people with an ASD
Dieye, Rokhaya. "Three essays on social interactions and education : theory and application." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26041.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to investigate identification of peer effects and their application on a large set of outcomes, going from school attendance to obesity. The relevance of this research relies on three main points: 1) it allows better measurrement of effects stemming from social interactions, thus providing some answer to the numerous econometric issues that make the study of peer effects a lot challenging; 2) it improves our comprehension of negative social phenomena, including the incidence of school dropouts and obesity; 3) it proposes better public policies aiming at fighting against such phenomena by exploiting social network effects that contribute to amplify them. The different objectives of this thesis are investigated in three different chapters. The first chapter proposes a new strategy for estimating the influence of the social network on individual decisions in a network context using randomized experiments. It combinates the structural social network model developed by Bramoullé et al. [2009] and randomized experiments. New identification conditions that mostly require balance in the characteristics of friends between treatment and control groups are provided. The model is estimated and validated on experimental data collected for the evaluation of a scholarship program in Colombia. By design, randomization is at the student-level. Friendship data reveals that treated and untreated students interact together. Besides providing evidence of peer effects in schooling, the chapter concludes that ignoring peer effects would have led to an overestimation of the program actual impact. The aim of the second chapter is to propose a model that accounts for heterogeneity in peer effects between individual categories in a network setting. Identification conditions of a network-based interactions model that generalizes the one proposed by Bramoullé et al. [2009] are derived, and heterogeneity of peer effects is allowed within and between categories of individuals. Using the Add-Health dataset, the study explores heterogeneity in adolescents weight using both gender and racial categorizations. The results show that the positive endogenous effect found using the homogeneous model is actually heterogeneous when considering both gender and racial categorizations, as for example, females seem to be more influenced by their female friends than by their male friends. While the first two chapters consider friendship networks in an attempt to identify the effects that result from social interactions, the third chapter considers the course-overlaps network. The model is local agregate and has the feature, unlike other studies of peer effects, that the interaction matrix accounts for the extensive and intensive margins. Interactions of this type are better to design school policies. The chapter then proceeds to estimation of peer effects in overall GPA and GPAs in both mathematics and science courses using the Add Heakth and AHAA datasets. The results reveal the presence of positive and significant social interaction effects using both 2SLS and GMM estimation techniques.
Yazbeck, Myra. "Three essays in health economics." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28786/28786.pdf.
Full textMarrone, Thierry. "Effets du contexte interactionnel de co-résolution de problèmes sur la dynamique conversationnelle et sur les constructions cognitives subséquentes chez des adolescents scolarisés en SEGPA." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3036.
Full textOur thesis aims at study experimentally the effects of various types of conversational situations of co-resolution of problems on cognitive activities upon teenagers attending the “college” and in great school difficulty. It falls under a socio-constructivist approach of functioning and development of the cognitive system, and takes support on the vygotskian thesis postulating a social origin of higher mental processes and on researches supporting it, stating that the interactions and the significance of the task and/or the context can promote the functioning and development of higher mental activities. Three experiments were organized. Participants had to solve problems according to several types of interactive contexts: face to face, on the telephone, in videoconferencing, via instant messaging (MSN), and individually. The results highlight the interest of working in dyad and reveal differences as for the performance, the time of resolution of the task, the number and the nature of communication acts carried out during the co-resolution. The interlocutory analysis of the exchanges validates the thesis that the two functions (communicative and significant) of the semiotic mediations are achieved simultaneously within transactions to build the intersubjectivity, and are appropriate by partners to (re)organize their own cognitive system. The differences observed can also allow to give some guidelines of work on the development of devices of teaching and learning with “college” students with learning difficulties or not
Bouchard, Marie-Claire. "Relation entre la qualité des interactions éducatrice-enfants dans le groupe en centre de la petite enfance et la qualité des interactions de l'enfant de quatre ans avec ses pairs." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26092.
Full textDescôteaux, Amélie. "Observation directe du niveau d'activité des enfants nés prématurément d'âge scolaire /." 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=845745891&sid=31&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textTremblay, Isabelle. "La douleur chez les adolescents et les jeunes adultes : interaction entre les styles d'attachement et la fonction sociale du catastrophisme." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6342.
Full textFortin, Martine. "Modèle bidirectionnel de la relation parent-enfant dans l'étude de l'adaptation socio-scolaire du jeune enfant /." 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766831291&sid=13&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textGagnon, Claudette. "Dynamique de la réussite scolaire des filles au primaire : une nouvelle approche interactionniste /." 1997. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=736912501&sid=17&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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