Journal articles: 'Interaction sol-structure'

1

Guéguen, Philippe, Jean-François Semblat, and Pierre-Yves Bard. "Interaction sismique sol-structure-sol en milieu urbain." Revue Française de Génie Civil 4, no. 1 (January 2000): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12795119.2000.9692272.

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Loganina, Valentina Ivanovna, Svetlana Nikolaevna Kislitsyna, and Yerkebulan Bisengalievich Mazhitov. "Structure and Properties of the Modified Binding for Silicate Paints." Materials Science Forum 931 (September 2018): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.931.469.

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Information is provided about the stability of polysilicates solutions, obtained by mixing liquid glass and silica sol. It was found, that at increases the amount of silicic acid sol added, the pH of the solutions decreases with an unchanged alkali concentration. Information on the structure of polysilicate solutions are given. It has been found, that addition of the sol (increasing the silicate module) contribute to prolonging fraction of high-polymer fractions of silicic anion. The dependence of the silica content of the monomeric form of α-SiO2in the early stages of interaction between the sol and liquid glass is extreme. The maximum content of α-SiO2 depends on the type of liquid glass and the amount of sol. It is shown, that films based on polysilicates solutions, are characterized by faster curing. The manifestation of the scale factor for coatings based on polysilicate solutions was revealed.

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Takayama, Rina, Moe Ishizawa, Miyuki Yamada, Yutaka Inoue, and Ikuo Kanamoto. "Characterization of Soluplus/ASC-DP Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Minoxidil for Skin Targeting." ChemEngineering 5, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5030044.

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Soluplus (Sol) is an amphiphilic graft copolymer capable of forming self-assembled micelles and L-ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate (ASC-DP) aggregates spontaneously to form micelles. Micelles are used as drug carriers and can nanoparticulate drugs that are poorly soluble in water, such as minoxidil. The study aimed to prepare minoxidil-encapsulated nanoparticles using Sol/ASC-DP and evaluate their potential for targeted skin application. Sol/ASC-DP nanoparticles or Sol/ASC-DP with minoxidil were prepared using the hydration method, and physical evaluations were carried out, including assessments of particle size and zeta potential. Particle structure was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra to assess particle stability and perform functional evaluations in skin penetration tests. TEM images showed spherical micelle-like particles of approximately 100 nm for Sol/ASC-DP at a 9:1 ratio and of approximately 80 nm for Sol/ASC-DP with incorporated minoxidil at a 9:1:0.5 ratio. Changes were also observed in the solid state, suggesting a hydrophobic interaction between Sol and ASC-DP. In addition, evaporated microparticles (Sol/ASC-DP/minoxidil = 9/1/0.5) improved the skin permeability of minoxidil. These results suggest that Sol/ASC-DP nanoparticles form a stable new nanoparticle due to hydrophobic interactions, which would improve the skin permeability of minoxidil.

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Schauer, Michael, Jing Jiang, and Martin W. Hahn. "Recurrent Seasonal Variations in Abundance and Composition of Filamentous SOL Cluster Bacteria (Saprospiraceae, Bacteroidetes) in Oligomesotrophic Lake Mondsee (Austria)." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 7 (July 2006): 4704–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02935-05.

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ABSTRACT The spatial and temporal variation of SOL cluster bacteria was assessed in oligomesotrophic Lake Mondsee and adjacent lakes by fluorescence in situ hybridization over two annual cycles. The filamentous SOL bacteria were present in Lake Mondsee throughout the study period, and the seasonal dynamics of the SOL community were remarkably similar with respect to both abundance and composition in the two consecutive years. Only two of the three SOL subclusters were detected in Lake Mondsee and four connected lakes. These two populations significantly differed in size distribution and demonstrated pronounced but recurrent differences in seasonality and length of period of appearance in Lake Mondsee. Extensive sampling of the lakes in September 2003 revealed low horizontal variation in the composition of the SOL community within Lake Mondsee but marked variations with depth. Between connected habitats pronounced differences in the composition and abundance of the SOL community were detected. The interaction of SOL bacteria with bacterivorous protists, mesozooplankton, and phytoplankton was investigated in order to reveal variables controlling the structure and dynamics of SOL communities. No strong indication for a bottom-up influence of phytoplankton was found, while the estimated community grazing rates of mesozooplankton on SOL bacteria indicated a top-down control of SOL abundance during mesozooplankton peaks in spring and early autumn. Furthermore, species-specific differences in grazing of mesozooplankton on SOL bacteria were observed. In general, the overall composition of SOL communities was controlled by abiotic factors (water chemistry), while their dynamics seemed to be controlled by abiotic and biotic interactions.

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Kundu, T. K., and D. Chakravorty. "Synthesis and characterization of nonconventional nickel-titania glasses by sol-gel route." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 3 (March 1999): 1069–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0142.

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Glasses in the NiO–TiO2 system in the composition range 15 to 25 mol% of NiO have been synthesized by the sol-gel technique by heat treatment of the precursor sol at 500°C. The glass structure is built up by crosslinking of two units, namely TiO6 octahedron and NiO3 triangle. Glassy structure is confirmed at a microscopic level by scanning electron microscopy. An increase in the values of peak-to-peak width of electron paramagnetic resonance with increasing concentration of Ni2+ is attributed to an enhanced interaction between neighboring paramagnetic Ni2+ ions.

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V.I, Loganina, and Mazhitov E.B. "Research of inter-phase interaction in ZOL-silicate paints." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (September 22, 2018): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.21167.

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It was suggested to use polysilicate solutions obtained by mixing liquid glass and silicic acid sol as a binder in the manufacture of sili- cate paints. Information is provided on the mechanism for increasing the operational properties of coatings based on sol silicate paint. It has been revealed that polysilicate solutions form membranes characterized by higher tensile strength due to an increase in the fraction of high-polymer fractions of silicic anions in the structure of the polysilicate binder in comparison with liquid glass. The results of a study on the interphase interaction between the pigment and the film-forming agent are given. It is shown that potassium polysilicate solutions form a smaller contact angle on the surface of the pigment (filler) and are characterized by greater work of wetting and adhesion to the filler (pigment).

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Логанина, В. И., Valentina Loganina, Еркебулан Мажитов, and Erkebulan Mazhitov. "THE RESEARCH OF INTER-PHASE INTERACTION IN SOL-SILICATE PAINTS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 3, no. 3 (March 25, 2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5abfc9b826b8c4.02971523.

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It is proposed to use polysilicate solutions obtained by mixing liquid glass and silicic acid sol as a binder at silicate paints manufacturing. Information is provided on the mechanism for increasing the operational properties of coatings based on silicate paint sol. It has been revealed that the polysilicate solutions form films characterized by higher tensile strength due to the increase of the share of silicic anions’ high-polymer fractions in the structure of polysilicate binder in comparison with liquid glass. The results of studying the interphase interaction between the pigment and the film-forming agent are presented. It is shown that potassium polysilicate solutions form a smaller contact angle on the surface of the pigment (filler) and are characterized with greater work of wetting and adhesion to the filler (pigment).

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PAN, QINGYI, YAN HUANG, YAN LI, ZHIXUAN CHENG, and XIAOWEN DONG. "STUDY ON STABILITY AND RHEOLOGY OF PEG6000/NANO-Ni(OH)2 SOL." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 06 (December 2006): 943–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x06005406.

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The PEG6000/nano- Ni ( OH )2 sol was prepared by modified sol–gel method. The effect of Ac - on Ni ( OH )2 colloidal particles and the structure of PEG6000/nano- Ni ( OH )2 was investigated. The results show that hydrogen bonds or other weak interaction forces between PEG6000 and Ni ( OH )2 can change the zeta potential of the Ni ( OH )2 surface and enhance the colloidal stability of Ni ( OH )2. The stable region of the PEG6000/ Ni ( OH )2 sol was determined by measuring the viscosity. The ratio of PEG6000 to Ni ( OH )2 is the principal factor that influences the flow patterns of the sol. Surfaces of the thin films prepared from Newtonian sol by sol–gel spin-coating method are smooth while those from pseudoplastic sol are rough. The results establish the theoretical foundation for preparing the nano- NiO thin films by spin-coating method.

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Skipper, L. J., F. E. Sowrey, D. M. Pickup, R. J. Newport, K. O. Drake, Z. H. Lin, M. E. Smith, Priya Saravanapavan, and Larry L. Hench. "The Atomic-Scale Interaction of Bioactive Glasses with Simulated Body Fluid." Materials Science Forum 480-481 (March 2005): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.480-481.21.

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The formation of a carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite, HCAp, layer on bioactive calcium silicate sol-gel glass of the formula (CaO)0.3(SiO2)0.7 has been studied in-vitro in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been performed with results showing the formation of a significantly amorphous HCAp layer after less than 5 hours in solution.

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Kuznetsova, S. A., O. S. Khalipova, and A. N. Shamsutdinova. "Strong spherical V2O5/TiO2–SiO2 composites obtained by template combined with sol-gel method." Žurnal neorganičeskoj himii 69, no. 4 (October 19, 2024): 546–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044457x24040101.

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This study is devoted to the preparation of strong spherical composites V2O5/TiO2–SiO2 by a combined template and sol-gel method. The composition, size and shape of the colloidal particles in butanol ash with tetrabutoxytitanium and tetraethoxysilane, as well as the physicochemical processes leading to the strengthening of the spherical agglomerates obtained using an anion exchanger with a gel structure, have been determined. Electrophoresis, small-angle X-ray scattering, and viscometry were used to demonstrate the presence in the sol of positively charged colloidal particles of lenticular and cylindrical shape, whose size, when the sol is stabilised, reaches 53 Å. The absorption of the sol by the anion exchanger in vanadium form is due to the equalisation of the osmotic pressure in the anion exchanger/sol system. Spherical composites with a diameter of 300 µm were obtained. It was shown by X-ray diffraction that the composites consist of V2O5 with an orthorhombic structure, TiO2 with an anatase structure, and amorphous silicon dioxide. The interaction at the interface between the phases of V2O5 with TiO2 and SiO2, which leads to the strengthening of the sphere of the V2O5/TiO2–SiO2 composite, has been demonstrated by IR and Raman spectroscopy. The results obtained can be used for the synthesis of MxOy/TiO2–SiO2 oxide composites with spherical agglomerates.

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Chen, Xue, Qidi Wang, Fengzhu Lv, Paul K. Chu, and Yihe Zhang. "Synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescence properties of Eu2+-activated RbCaGd(PO4)2 phosphors." RSC Advances 6, no. 14 (2016): 11211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra25124a.

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RbCaGd(PO₄)₂:Eu²⁺ was prepared by the Pechini-type sol–gel method. The crystal structure was determined in the first time. The dipole–dipole interaction plays a major role in the mechanism of concentration quenching of Eu²⁺ in this phosphor.

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Loganina, Valentina I., Yerkebulan Bisengalievich Mazhitov, and Yuri Petrovich Skachkov. "Assessment of the Structure of Polysilicate Binding with Added Glycerol." Materials Science Forum 987 (April 2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.987.15.

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The article presents the results of the study of the properties of the sol of silicate paint. The chemical structure of the polysilicate solutions obtained with the addition of glycerol was studied by IR spectroscopy. It is shown, that the interaction of potassium liquid glass and glycerol is weak and due to the partial replacement of hydrogen ions by potassium ions.

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Munazat, Dicky Rezky, Budhy Kurniawan, Trians Aprilianto, and Maykel Manawan. "Effect of Chromium Substitution on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of La0.7Sr0.2Ba0.1Mn1-xCrxO3 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1)." Solid State Phenomena 345 (July 28, 2023): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-9vtzmr.

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Structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of perovskite La0.7Sr0.2Ba0.1Mn1-xCrxO3 (x = 0; 0.03; 0.05; 0.07 and 0.1) synthesized via sol-gel method have been studied. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the Rhombohedral structure with R-3c space groups for all samples. The magnetization measurements clearly show that magnetization decreases with increasing Cr substitution concentration. The partial substitution of Cr3+ in the Mn site weakens the ferromagnetic double exchange interaction of the Mn3+–O–Mn4+ bond. It is caused by the emergence of the Cr3+–O–Cr3+ antiferromagnetic interaction. As known, the structural parameters affect the magnetic properties of perovskite manganese materials in the double exchange interaction. As the Cr3+ concentration increases, the average Mn-O bond length also increases, and the average Mn-O-Mn bond angle decreases, which dramatically weakens the Mn3+–O–Mn4+ double exchange interaction.

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14

Vezole, P. "Écrans de soutènement Interaction sol-structure, à propos de la méthode des modules de réaction." Revue Française de Géotechnique, no. 71 (1995): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/geotech/1995071031.

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VAHIDSHAD, Y., H. ABDIZADEH, H. R. BAHARVANDI, and M. AKBARI BASERI. "SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COPPER STABILIZED ZIRCONIA NANOPARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 21 (August 20, 2011): 2823–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211101119.

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A sol-gel method is investigated to synthesize CuO – ZrO 2 nanoparticles as catalyst for hydrogen production from methanol. Finer precursor nanoparticles give rise to larger specific areas in catalyst which result in a high hydrogen production. The effects of some critical process parameters on the sol-gel synthesis of CuO – ZrO 2 nanoparticles are studied. These parameters are affected on synthesis of CuO – ZrO 2 when it is prepared with sol-gel method. Particle size and distribution are considered as the results. The parameters including the effect of calcination temperature, aging temperature, nature and concentration of catalyst (acidic or basic conditions), H 2 O /precursor molar ratio, and chelating agent that have been identified as most important, are focused. It is found that the calcination temperature strongly influenced the morphology and interaction between the active species and support, and hence the structure and catalytic performance. Nature and concentration of catalyst ( pH value), chelating agent, ( H 2 O /precursor) molar ratio and also aging temperature have influence on the nanoparticles. Thus, by controlling these factors, it is possible to vary the morphology and properties of the sol-gel-derived inorganic network over wide ranges. Morphology, particle size and distribution, phase evaluation, structure, and chemical analysis of the products are investigated by SEM, TEM, DTA/TG, XRD and EDX respectively.

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Loganina, V. I., M. V. Zaytseva, and T. V. Uhaeva. "Lime compounds for restoration and decoration of building walls." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2124, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2124/1/012022.

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Abstract Information on the effect of a polysilicate solution obtained by mixing liquid glass with a silicic acid sol on the structure formation of lime compositions is presented. It was revealed that the amount of specific heat released when lime is wetted with a polysilicate solution is greater than when lime is wetted with water. This is due to the additionally released heat due to the chemical interaction of lime with polysilicate solution. It was found that the introduction of a polysilicate solution accelerates the development of plastic strength. For comparison, we used liquid glass and a sol of silicic acid as an additive. The synergistic effect of the influence of the polysilicate solution on the structure formation of lime finishing compositions was established, which manifests itself in the acceleration of the set plastic strength in comparison with silica sol and water glass. It has been established that the introduction of a polysilicate solution into the lime mixture formulation contributes to an increase in the resistance to slipping of the finishing layer. The optimal thickness of the finishing layer was determined, which is 20 mm, at which sliding from the vertical surface is not observed.

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Ayala, I. V., E. Mejía-Ospino, C. Gonzalez-Arias, R. Cabanzo-Hernández, and E. D. V-Niño. "Evaluation of sol-gel and solvothermal method on titanium dioxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2726, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2726/1/012003.

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Abstract The present study compares two synthesis routes to obtain titanium dioxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites that could be used as photoelectrodes in a water-splitting photoelectrocatalytic system. The nanocomposites were obtained using in-situ sol-gel and solvothermal methods as fabrication routes. Subsequently, the materials obtained were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques. The results indicated a strong interaction between reduced graphene oxide and titanium dioxide nanomaterials using both synthesis processes; however, the in-situ sol-gel method exhibited more significant conservation of the aromatic rings of the graphene structure and a lower bandgap (2.45 eV), which are suitable characteristics for its potential use in photoelectrocatalytic processes.

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Lu, F. J., and S. L. Hsu. "A Vibrational Spectroscopic Analysis of the Structure of Natural Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 60, no. 4 (September 1, 1987): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536148.

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Abstract It is not an overstatement to say that natural rubber (NR) is one of the most used polymers. There are numerous studies dealing with the structural aspects of rubber which give rise to its elastic property. However, it should be emphasized that the majority of these studies are generally concerned with rubber in the vulcanized state or, in fact, dealing with the vulcanization process. Relatively few studies have actually been directed at a better understanding of the composition, structure, and properties of raw rubber. This area of study is also important because the composition and the structure of NR differ from synthetic polyisoprene in that the presence of functional groups on main chains and nonrubbery materials, such as proteins, can significantly affect the rheological properties and the processing conditions of rubber before the vulcanization process. Raw rubber can be divided into two different fractions, sol (soluble part) and gel (insoluble part). Of course, this definition depends somewhat on the solvent used. Even though the main chain in both portions of rubber are chemically similar, their significantly distinct mechanical properties have, in fact, been attributed to the nonrubbery materials such as proteins interacting with isoprene chains. It is generally accepted that the amount of nonrubbery materials in the gel fraction is much higher than the sol fraction. The protein apparently interacts quite strongly with specific functional groups on the isoprene chain and is difficult to remove from the gel phase by physical means. It is probable that the different properties between sol and gel rubber is due to the amount of crosslinking of the main chains, but several aspects of the structure need to be answered in greater detail. We know, for example, that the amount of gel fraction can change as a function of extraction solvent. Therefore, one cannot conclude that the interaction between rubber chains even in the gel fraction is strictly chemical in nature. Our premise is that the protein is an important component connecting the isoprene chains.

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Hossain, SM Al Imran, MK Roly, and TM Imran Imran. "Crystal Structure Refinement, Magnetic and Mössbauer Analysis of LaFeO3 Perovskite Synthesized by SOL-GEL method." Bangladesh Journal of Physics 27, no. 2 (March 10, 2022): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjphy.v27i2.57664.

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In this present study, LaFeO3 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by sol-gel method and annealed the produced sample at 600 °C, 800 °C, 1000 °C, 1200 °C. The influence of annealing temperature on the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of the developed nanoparticles has been investigated systematically. The XRD patterns confirmed the absence of impurity or secondary phase in the spectra. Orthorhombic crystal system of pbnm space group was successfully determined by Rietveld refinement. Scherrer method was used to calculate crystallite size. An increasing trend in crystallite size and improving crystallinity were obtained with increasing annealing temperature. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed a homogeneous distribution of increasing average particle sizes ranging from 35 nm to 450 nm. Magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loop was recorded at room temperature revealed weak ferromagnetism in nanocrystalline lanthanum ferrite. The maximum magnetization was found to be 1.82 emu/g at 600 °C, and it was sharply decreased to 0.33 emu/g at 1200 °C annealing temperature. Interactions between the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic exchange coupling are influenced by the uncompensated spin canting causes to accomplish the ordering of weak ferromagnetism in LaFeO3. Moreover, the bond length of Fe-O and the bond angle of Fe-O-Fe were decreased with decreasing annealing temperature. As a result, Fe ions, come closer to each other, enhancing the ferromagnetic exchange interaction between iron ions via oxygen ions made significant contributions to the magnetic properties of LaFeO3 nanoparticles. Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to find the nature of interactions for the observed magnetic behavior depending on different site environments with varying annealing temperatures. Bangladesh Journal of Physics, 27(2), 27-37, December 2020

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el Ghoulbzouri, Abdelouafi, Zakaria el Alami, Sabrine el Hannoudi, and Mohamed Salaheddine el Youbi. "Dynamical Study of a Structure: The Case of Al Hoceima’s Earthquake / Morocco." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 794–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.794.

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This work consist to make a dynamic study of an actual structure sized before applying Moroccan seismic regulations RPS2000, the study will be made using the SAP2000 software and exploiting accelerograms of Al Hoceima’s earthquake occurred on 24th February 2004, this earthquake was recorded at several Spanish stations this analysis will first identify some dynamic characteristics of the studied frame like eigenmodes of the frame and the maximum displacement of the terrace. The use of several accelerograms will highlight the influence of distance on the intensity of the earthquake and will give some information about sol-structure interaction

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Ivanovski, Vladimir, Olga E. Shapovalova, and Andrey S. Drozdov. "Structural Rearrangements of Carbonic Anhydrase Entrapped in Sol-Gel Magnetite Determined by ATR–FTIR Spectroscopy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 5975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23115975.

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Enzymatically active nanocomposites are a perspective class of bioactive materials that finds their application in numerous fields of science and technology ranging from biosensors and therapeutic agents to industrial catalysts. Key properties of such systems are their stability and activity under various conditions, the problems that are addressed in any research devoted to this class of materials. Understanding the principles that govern these properties is critical to the development of the field, especially when it comes to a new class of bioactive systems. Recently, a new class of enzymatically doped magnetite-based sol-gel systems emerged and paved the way for a variety of potent bioactive magnetic materials with improved thermal stability. Such systems already showed themself as perspective industrial and therapeutic agents, but are still under intense investigation and many aspects are still unclear. Here we made a first attempt to describe the interaction of biomolecules with magnetite-based sol-gel materials and to investigate facets of protein structure rearrangements occurring within the pores of magnetite sol-gel matrix using ATR Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

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Gareev, Kamil G. "Interaction of Nanocomposites Based on the FemOn–SiO2 System with an Electromagnetic Field in an Ultra-Wide Frequency Range." Magnetochemistry 6, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6020024.

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The article describes the interaction of nanocomposites based on the FemOn–SiO2 system with an electromagnetic field (radiation) in an ultra-wide frequency range 0–1021 Hz. The development of the technique based on the sol–gel method for producing nanocomposites is described, which made it possible to achieve superparamagnetic properties in combination with low toxicity when used in vivo and in vitro and a high microwave absorption coefficient, which makes it possible to use the obtained nanocomposites in solving a wide range of practical problems. The most effective methods of exposure and threshold levels of the electromagnetic field, the corresponding modifications of the magnetic structure, crystalline structure and microstructure of nanocomposites are determined.

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Blinov, A. V., А. А. Gvozdenko, М. А. Yasnaya, А. А. Blinova, A. A. Kravtsov, and S. O. Krandievsky. "Synthesing and Studying the Structure of Nanoscale Copper (II) Oxide Stabilized by Polyethylene Glycol." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 3 (90) (June 2020): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2020-3-56-70.

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We developed a method for synthesising polyethylene glycol-stabilized copper oxide nanoparticles via a sol-gel process, obtained samples and investigated their structure, morphology and properties. We used photon correlation spectroscopy to establish that the copper oxide nanoparticles feature a monomodal size distribution with the average hydrodynamic radius of a particle being approximately 50 nm irrespective of the stabiliser molar mass. We detected an optical absorption band at 290 nm in all samples. We established that copper oxide samples consist of aggregates formed out of spherical nanoparticles whose diameters lie in the range of 10 to 30 nm. Phase composition analysis of the copper oxide samples revealed that the samples consist of particles featuring a monoclinic structure. We simulated the process of polyethylene glycol interacting with the copper oxide. We show that the most energetically favourable interaction model includes bond formation between the neighbouring intramolecular etheric oxygen atoms and the copper atom

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Neamtu, Jenica, and Marius Volmer. "The Influence of Doping with Transition Metal Ions on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Zinc Oxide Thin Films." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/265969.

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Zn1−xNixO(x=0.03÷0.10) andZn1−xFexO(x=0.03÷0.15) thin films were synthesized by sol-gel method. The structure and the surface morphology of zinc oxide thin films doped with transition metal (TM) ions have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The magnetic studies were done using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature. Experimental results revealed that the substitution of Ni ions in ZnO wurtzite lattice for the contentsx=0.03÷0.10(Ni2+) leads to weak ferromagnetism of thin films. ForZn1-xFexOwithx=0.03÷0.05, theFe3+ions are magnetic coupling by superexchange interaction via oxygen ions in wurtzite structure. Forx=0.10÷0.15(Fe3+) one can observe the increasing of secondary phase of ZnFe2O4spinel. The Zn0.9Fe0.1O film shows a superparamagnetic behavior due to small crystallite sizes and the net spin magnetic moments arisen from the interaction between the iron ions through an oxygen ion in the spinel structure.

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Yi, Zhigang, Qiong Tang, Tao Jiang, and Ying Cheng. "Adsorption performance of hydrophobic/hydrophilic silica aerogel for low concentration organic pollutant in aqueous solution." Nanotechnology Reviews 8, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2019-0025.

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Abstract Hydrophobic silica aerogels (SiO2(AG)) was prepared via sol-gel and solvent exchange method under ambient pressure, which could be transformed to hydrophilic after heated under 500∘C. Heat treatment cannot change its structure. SiO2(AG) samples were the micro-porous structure formed by numerous fine particles and had high specific surface area, pore size and pore volume. The absorption performance of hydrophobic/hydrophilic SiO2(AG) on nitrobenzene, phenol and methylene blue (MB) showed that hydrophobic SiO2(AG) exhibited strong adsorption capacity on slightly soluble organic compounds, while hydrophilic SiO2(AG) was much more effective on adsorbing soluble compounds, which could be analyzed by the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction theory between the adsorbent and adsorbate.Hydrophobic/hydrophilic SiO2(AG) adsorption performance for MB is superior to that for phenol, which could be explained via the electrostatic interaction theory.

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Munhoz Jr., Antônio Hortêncio, Renato Meneghetti Peres, L. H. Silveira, Leonardo Gondim Andrade e Silva, and L. F. de Miranda. "Irradiation of a Nanocomposite of Pseudoboehmite-Nylon 6,12." Advances in Science and Technology 71 (October 2010): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.71.28.

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Nanocomposites are nanometrical material particles embedded in a specific matrix. The degree of organization of the nanostructures and their properties depend on the nature of the organic and inorganic components of the structure that can generate synergic interactions. Polymeric nanocomposites are related to a class of hybrid materials where inorganic substances of nanometric dimensions are dispersed in a polymeric matrix. In the present work, nanocomposites of nylon 6,12 with different concentrations of pseudoboehmite obtained by sol-gel process were prepared with and without the presence of octadecylamine. After preparation, the samples were irradiated with a 200 kGy radiation dose in an electron accelerator. The pseudoboehmite nano particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis. The nanocomposites were characterized by thermal and mechanical tests. The addition of pseudoboehmite promoted a reduction of the melting flow during the production of the composites evidencing the interaction of pseudoboehmite with the polymeric matrix, probably modifying its crystalline structure.

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Cheng, Peng Fei, Han Chen Liu, and Ying Tang Zhang. "Identification of ZnO Defect Structure by PL Spectroscopy." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.135.

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Defect structure of ZnO determines the optoelectronic characteristics of ZnO crystal and film. The identification and modulation of the defect structure is the foundation of the manufacture of optoelectronic devices. Although a good deal of research has been carried out about intrinsic defects and doping defects in ZnO, it is difficult to obtain a conclusive result accepted by all. In the paper, ZnO film is prepared by sol-gel method and the defect structure is expressed by photoluminescent (PL) spectroscopy. Based on some basic rules the intrinsic defect structure of ZnO is confirmed and the interaction of impurity Li and intrinsic defect is discussed. At the same time, some new electronic levels are proposed. It is surprising that although there are fourteen peaks in PL spectra of ZnO film, almost all the peaks can be identified by these basic rules.

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Szczurek, Anna, Michał Barcikowski, Karol Leluk, Bartosz Babiarczuk, Jerzy Kaleta, and Justyna Krzak. "Improvement of Interaction in a Composite Structure by Using a Sol-Gel Functional Coating on Carbon Fibers." Materials 10, no. 9 (August 25, 2017): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma10090990.

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29

Bezuglaya, Elena, Nikolay Lyapunov, Valentyn Chebanov, and Oleksii Liapunov. "Study of the formation of micelles and their structure by the spin probe method." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 4 (38) (August 31, 2022): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2022.263054.

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The aim. To study the surfactant solutions depending on the type and concentration of surfactants as well as their interaction with some excipients by spin probe method. Materials and methods. Solutions of ionic and nonionic surfactants containing 4 spin probes differing in molecular structure and solubility were studied. Electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra were obtained and their type and parameters were determined. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined from the surface tension isotherm, and the rheological parameters were studied by rotational viscometry. Results. The shape of the EPR spectra and the spectral parameters of the spin probes depended on both the surfactant concentration and the molecular structure and solubility of these spin probes. There was a concentration range in which associations with surfactants formed at surfactant concentrations below the CMC. At surfactant concentrations above the CMC and up to 1 %, the structure of the surfactant micelles did not change. In the micelles, the surfactant modelling probes rotated rapidly about the long axis of the molecule and perpendicular to it, while they were fixed in the radial direction. The rotational diffusion of probes dissolved in water was much faster. The micelle cores formed by nonionic surfactant and P338 were more viscous compared to ionic surfactants. Surfactant micelles were anisotropic in viscosity, and different segments of the alkyl chains of surfactant modelling probes had different dynamic properties. The packing of molecules in the micelles was more ordered and compacted at the level of the fifth carbon atom. The interactions between surfactant and probe and between cationic surfactant and disodium edetate were determined from the parameters of the EPR spectra. The relationship between the changes in the parameters of the EPR spectra with increasing temperature, the P338 content in the solutions, and the sol-gel transition was revealed. Solubilization of lipophilic substances by P338 solutions increased due to the interaction of propylene glycol and P338. Conclusions. The shape and parameters of the EPR spectra in real solutions and micellar solutions of surfactants were different and also depended on the structure and solubility of spin probes. Surfactant micelles were anisotropic in viscosity, and different segments of the alkyl chains of surfactant modelling probes had different dynamic properties. The packing of molecules in the micelles was more ordered and compacted at the level of the fifth carbon atom. The EPR spectra and/or their parameters changed due to the interaction between surfactant and probe, surfactant and other substances, or sol-gel transitions in P338 solutions

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Hao, Xi Hai, and Fei Li. "Prepare and Performance Research on PVA/TiO₂ Composite Films." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2342.

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Polyviny alcohol (PVA)/ Titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite films with diffrernt content of nano- TiO2were prepared by solution casting method. The structure of the film was characterized by FT-IR,and the water tolerance, viscosity, and light transmission rate of composite membrane were tested. The results showed that Nanometer TiO2 had strong hydrogen bonding interaction with PVA molecules, and with the increasing additive amount of nanometer TiO2, water resistance was improved, the viscosity of the composite sol rised, and the rate of UV transmission decreased obviously.

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31

Ehrich, Heike, and Elka Kraleva. "AlZn based Co and Ni catalysts for the partial oxidation of bioethanol — influence of different synthesis procedures." Open Chemistry 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 1285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-014-0573-8.

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AbstractThe catalytic performance of Co and Ni catalysts on AlZn mixed oxide supports depends on the synthesis procedure used for their preparation. For this study CoAlZn and NiAlZn catalysts were prepared by conventional sol-gel synthesis of the mixed oxide and subsequent impregnation of the support with the transition metal (SG = sol gel method) as well as by a single-step method were a gel is formed based on salts of all components using citric acid as chelating agent (CM = citrate method). The structure and morphology of the catalysts were characterized by nitrogen sorption, XRD and TPR measurements. They showed high activity in the partial oxidation of ethanol at 600–750 °C, but their properties depend on the preparation method. The higher performance of the catalysts prepared by the citrate method, where the transition metal is incorporated into the crystal structure of the support during preparation, is based on a change in morphology and structure, resulting in more active sites exposed on the surface. Compared to the Co catalysts, Ni catalysts showed a higher performance. This might be due to the higher reducibility and the smaller Ni particles size, which allows a better interaction with the support in NiAlZn catalysts.

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32

Suwa, Mitsuhito, Masao Kamogawa, Manami Fujii, Takuya Nishiyama, and Hiromitsu Kozuka. "Patterning characteristic control of sol-gel-derived random-structure oligomeric silsesquioxanes having a diazonaphthoquinone derivative." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 40, no. 2 (March 2022): 022602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0001717.

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Positive photosensitive materials prepared by adding a diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ) derivative to matrices of oligomeric silsesquioxanes (oligo-SQs) with random structures, including only a phenyl (Ph) substituent or both Ph and methyl (Me) substituents (wherein the Ph group content is over 50 mol. %), exhibit a high patterning ability (i.e., a high-resolution pattern formation under 10 μm). One cause of such a high patterning ability is the particularly low solubility of unexposed areas in an alkaline developer, caused by the DNQ derivative-containing oligo-SQs having over 50 mol. % of Ph group content. However, the effects of the exposed areas on the alkaline dissolution behavior, which can be another factor of high patterning ability, have not been examined yet. In this study, the effects of the Me group content on the alkali solubility of the exposed areas on the optimum exposure dose (Eop), the resolution limit, and the pattern shape were examined for a positive photosensitive material having over 50 mol. % of Ph group content. As a result, the resolution did not change with increasing Me group content but the Eop decreased, and the pattern shape tended to change from showing a protruding defect in the central portion to having a normal taper shape. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations for the oligo-SQ model compounds suggested the formation of a new hydroxyl (OH) group domain that includes Me groups in oligo-SQs with increasing Me group content. This new type of OH group domain differs from that derived from oligo-SQs possessing only Ph groups. Moreover, the results suggested that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding was weaker in the new domain than in the domain from oligo-SQs containing only the Ph groups and that the intermolecular interaction between the domain and the DNQ was also weak. The weak intermolecular interaction seemed to be the cause of the high alkali solubility in the exposed areas.

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33

Porcel-Valenzuela, María, Francisco Huerta, Emilia Morallón, and Francisco Montilla. "Affinity of Electrochemically Deposited Sol–Gel Silica Films towards Catecholamine Neurotransmitters." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 19, 2019): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040868.

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Dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine neurotransmitters can be detected by electrochemical oxidation in conventional electrodes. However, their similar chemical structure and electrochemical behavior makes a difficult selective analysis. In the present work, glassy carbon electrodes have been modified with silica layers, which were prepared by electroassisted deposition of sol–gel precursors. These layers were morphologically and compositionally characterized using different techniques, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), TEM, FTIR, or thermogravimetric analysis–mass spectrometry (TG-MS). The affinity of silica for neurotransmitters was evaluated, exclusively, by means of electrochemical methods. It was demonstrated that silica adsorbs dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, showing different interaction with silica pores. The adsorption process is dominated by a hydrogen bond between silanol groups located at the silica surface and the amine groups of neurotransmitters. Because of the different interaction with neurotransmitters, electrodes modified with silica films could be used in electrochemical sensors for the selective detection of such molecules.

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Derkach, Svetlana R., Yuliya A. Kuchina, Daria S. Kolotova, and Nikolay G. Voron’ko. "Polyelectrolyte Polysaccharide–Gelatin Complexes: Rheology and Structure." Polymers 12, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020266.

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General features of rheological properties and structural peculiarities of polyelectrolyte polysaccharide–gelatin complexes were discussed in this paper. Experimental results were obtained for typical complexes, such as κ-carrageenan–gelatin, chitosan–gelatin and sodium alginate–gelatin complexes. A rheological method allows us to examine the physical state of a complex in aqueous phase and the kinetics of the sol–gel transition and temperature dependences of properties as a result of structural changes. The storage modulus below the gelation temperature is constant, which is a reflection of the solid-like state of a material. The gels of these complexes are usually viscoplastic media. The quantitative values of the rheological parameters depend on the ratio of the components in the complexes. The formation of the structure as a result of strong interactions of the components in the complexes was confirmed by UV and FTIR data and SEM analysis. Interaction with polysaccharides causes a change in the secondary structure of gelatin, i.e., the content of triple helices in an α-chain increases. The joint analysis of the structural and rheological characteristics suggests that the formation of additional junctions in the complex gel network results in increases in elasticity and hardening compared with those of the native gelatin.

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35

Croitoriu, Alexandra, Loredana E. Nita, Aurica P. Chiriac, Alina G. Rusu, and Maria Bercea. "New Physical Hydrogels Based on Co-Assembling of FMOC–Amino Acids." Gels 7, no. 4 (November 12, 2021): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7040208.

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In the last years, physical hydrogels have been widely studied due to the characteristics of these structures, respectively the non-covalent interactions and the absence of other necessary components for the cross-linking processes. Low molecular weight gelators are a class of small molecules which form higher ordered structures through hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. In this context it is known that the formation of hydrogels based on FMOC–amino acids is determined by the primary structures of amino acids and the secondary structure arrangement (alpha–helix or beta–sheet motifs). The present study aimed to obtain supramolecular gels through co-assembly phenomenon using FMOC–amino acids as low molecular weight gelators. The stability of the new structures was evaluated by the vial inversion test, while FTIR spectra put into evidence the interaction between the compounds. The gel-like structure is evidenced by viscoelastic parameters in oscillatory shear conditions. SEM microscopy was used to obtain the visual insight into the morphology of the physical hydrogel network while DLS measurements highlighted the sol-gel transition. The molecular arrangement of gels was determined by circular dichroism, fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

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36

Sharma, Mamta, and S. S. Tomar. "Synthesis of Fabricated Polyurethane Matrix Based TiO2–HAp Material." Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry 4, no. 2 (2019): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2019.ajomc-p146.

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In this research work, the composition of polyurethane, titanium di oxide and hydroxyapatite were optimized to obtain a stable polymer nanocomposite microfilm with excellent flexibility and durability, through simple sol-gel synthetic method. The obtained films were further cut by nesting and formed to obtain a flawless stent structure with desirable mechanical, biocompatibility and drug delivery properties. XRD, FTIR, SEM characterizations were performed to study their physical, chemical and biocompatible properties. The tensometer tests, simulated body fluid tests and blood interaction tests showed competitive results that match the properties of conventional materials such as metals and alloys.

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37

Pintupimol, P., W. Sinornate, and W. Pecharapa. "Investigation on Optically Ultraviolet Response of Low-dimensional ZnO Structures Prepared by Chemical Processes." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1286, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1286/1/012007.

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Abstract Chemical processes were used to synthesize ZnO low-dimensional structure including ZnO thin film ZnO nanorod and ZnO nanoparticle. ZnO thin film was prepared by sol-gel spin coating method while ZnO nanorod was prepared by hydrothermal process and ZnO nanoparticle was synthesized via co-precipitation route. The structural, morphological, optical and photoresponse properties were investigated by XRD, FESEM, UV-Visible spectrophotometer, I-V and I-t measurement. Comparison study on photoresponse properties of all structures was conducted under UV light with UV LED wavelength 375 nm. The UV photodetector based on ZnO nanoparticle sample showed superior photoresponse time to another ZnO low-dimensional structures. The results informed crucial factors including active surface area per volume, interaction in low-dimensional structures and specific properties in each structure playing key role on optical ultraviolet response.

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38

Rivas, P. C., M. C. Caracoche, J. A. Martínez, A. M. Rodríguez, R. Caruso, N. Pellegri, and O. de Sanctis. "Phase structure and thermal evolution in coatings and powders obtained by the sol-gel process: Part I. ZrO2−11.3 mol% Y2O3." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 2 (February 1997): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0071.

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Yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia powders and coatings produced by the sol-gel method have been investigated by Perturbed Angular Correlation Spectroscopy (PAC). Results indicate that the metastable cubic phase is retained during heating and cooling cycles. The hyperfine interaction that describes this cubic phase, once crystallized, exhibits two components in a constant ratio of 4 : 1. The components represent different vacancy configurations. For the fast movement of oxygen vacancies starting at 750 °C, which is reflected by the damping of the hyperfine pattern, an activation energy of 0.96 eV was determined.

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39

Peres, Renato Meneghetti, C. Y. U. Peres, Leila F. de Miranda, Cesar Denuzzo, Gabriel Cavalcante Gomes, Sonia Braunstein Faldini, and Antonio H. Munhoz. "Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method Used in Pseudoboehmite-Reinforced Nylon 6.12 Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 798-799 (June 2014): 732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.732.

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Polymers nanocomposites are composed by nanometrical particles embedded in a specific matrix. Additions of small amount of nanoparticles of inorganic material in specific matrixes can greatly improve mechanical properties. The high specific surface area of the inorganic materials nanoparticles promotes its dispersion in the polymeric matrix, and the obtained properties are strongly related to the homogeneity of the dispersion. In the present work, nylon 6.12 nanocomposites with different concentrations of pseudoboehmite obtained by sol-gel process were prepared with different concentrations of octadecylamine. The pseudoboehmite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis and thermo gravimetric analysis. The nanocomposites were characterized by thermal and mechanical tests. The addition of pseudoboehmite reduces the melting flow, evidencing the interaction of pseudoboehmite with the polymeric matrix probably modifying its crystalline structure.

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40

Giasuddin, Abul Bashar Mohammad, and David W. Britt. "Microwave Assisted Sol-Gel Synthesis of Silica-Spider Silk Composites." Molecules 24, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 2521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142521.

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This study introduces a simple and environmentally friendly method to synthesize silica-protein nanocomposite materials using microwave energy to solubilize hydrophobic protein in an aqueous solution of pre-hydrolyzed organo- or fluoro-silane. Sol-gel functionality can be enhanced through biomacromolecule incorporation to tune mechanical properties, surface energy, and biocompatibility. Here, synthetic spider silk protein and organo- and fluoro-silane precursors were dissolved and mixed in weakly acidic aqueous solution using microwave technology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images revealed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 100 to 500 nm depending, in part, on silane fluoro- or organo-side chain chemistry. The silane-protein interaction in the nanocomposite was assessed through infrared spectroscopy. Deconvoluted ATR-FTIR (Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) spectra revealed silane chemistry-specific conformational changes in the protein-silane nanocomposites. Relative to microwave-solubilized spider silk protein, the β structure content increased by 14% in the spider silk-organo-silica nanocomposites, but decreased by a net 20% in the spider silk-fluoro-silica nanocomposites. Methods of tuning the secondary structures, and in particular β-sheets that are the cross-linking moieties in spider silks and other self-assembling fibrillar proteins, may provide a unique means to promote protein interactions, favor subsequent epitaxial growth process, and enhance the properties of the protein-silane nanocomposites.

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41

Barajas-Ledesma, Edgar, M. L. García-Benjume, I. Espitia-Cabrera, A. Bravo-Patiño, and M. E. Contreras-García. "Biocide Activity of TiO₂ Nanostructured Films." Journal of Nano Research 9 (February 2010): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.9.17.

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The ability of nanostructured TiO2 in anatase phase to eliminate Escherichia coli (E. coli) by UV light irradiation was tested using titania films supported on glass substrates. The films were obtained by electrophoretic deposition of titania sol on sputtered Ti Corning glass substrates. Experimental procedure used to obtain these films and their characterizations are discussed in this paper. Nanostructure nature of the films was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Optic microscopy was used to study the photocatalytic activity of films and their interaction with E. coli bacteria, in order to measure the reduction in E. coli colonies. The structure of anatase TiO2 was determined using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction.

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42

Ci, Ji Liang, Feng Dan Cui, Li Li Zhang, Jian Zhang, Yi Lv, Ying Min Zhao, and Hao Zhang. "Study on the Highe-Temperature Mechanical of Al2O3f/SiO2 and SiO2f/SiO2 Ceramic Matrix Composites." Solid State Phenomena 330 (April 12, 2022): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-6kd5u0.

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Al2O3f/SiO2 and SiO2f/SiO2 ceramic matrix composites were manufactured by silica sol-infiltration-sintering method. The mechanical properties of composites under room temperature to 1200 °C were tested on-line with universal testing machine. It is found that Al2O3f/SiO2 composites present a higher strength than SiO2f/SiO2 at room temperature and 1000 °C. The strength of two composites dramatic decrease with temperature increased to 1200 °C. Also, SEM and XRD methods were adopted to investigate the micro-structure of cross-fraction and crystal phase of composites, indicating a strong interaction between fibers and matrix under high temperature. Finally, the dielectric properties of two composites under room temperature to 1200 °C were discussed.

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43

Sheshko, Tatiana F., Elizaveta M. Borodina, Liliya V. Yafarova, Ekaterina B. Markova, Tatiana A. Kryuchkova, Alexander G. Cherednichenko, Irina A. Zvereva, and Alexander O. Terent’ev. "Insights into the Reactivity of Gd2−xSrxFe2O7 (x = 0 ÷ 0.4) in CO Radical Hydrogenation." Catalysts 13, no. 9 (August 30, 2023): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13091256.

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The effect of strontium substitution in the structure of the complex oxide Gd2SrFe2O7 on the production of light olefins by CO hydrogenation was investigated. Perovskite-type oxides Gd2−xSr1+xFe2O7 (x = 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4) were synthesized by sol–gel technology and characterized by XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, BET specific area, acidity testing, and SEM. The experimental data revealed a correlation between the state of iron atoms, acidity, and catalytic performance. It was found that with an increase in the content of Sr2+ in the perovskite phase, the basicity of the surface and the oxygen diffusion rate increased. This contributed to the CO dissociative adsorption, formation of active carbon, and its further interaction with atomic hydrogen.

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44

VANOUDHEUSDEN, Emilie. "Interaction sol-structure dans les travaux souterrains en milieu urbain dense. Retour d'expérience sur le chantier du métro de Toulouse." Revue Européenne de Génie Civil 10, no. 8 (September 2006): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17747120.2006.9692901.

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45

Begimkulova, Sh A., A. M. Nasimov, O. N. Ruzimuradov, V. G. Prozorovich, and A. I. Ivanets. "Sol-gel synthesis, structure and adsorption properties of LiMgxMn(2-x)O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) Oxides." Žurnal neorganičeskoj himii 69, no. 4 (October 19, 2024): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044457x24040092.

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Lithium manganese оxides with a spinel structure LiMgxMn(2–x)O4, doped with Mg2+ ions in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7, were obtained by sol-gel synthesis. Phase composition and morphology of obtained оxides were studied by using X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown, that in the studied range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.7 Mg-doped lithium manganese оxides saved the structure of the original cubic spinel LiMn2O4, while an increase in parameter a was observed from 8.175 to 8.309 Å and average crystallite size practically unchanged (30–36 nm). Samples of the initial LiMn2O4 and Mg-doped spinels were represented by prismatic particles of submicron (0.1–0.2 µm) and micron (1.0–3.0 µm) sizes, respectively. The effect of the adsorbent dose (0.05–0.3 g/l) and pH (3.0–13.0) of the solution on the adsorption efficiency was studied. The adsorption isotherms of the LiMg0.3Mn1.7O4 samples were described by the Langmuir monomolecular adsorption equation. An increase in the temperature of the model solution from 25 to 45°C was accompanied by an increase in the maximum adsorption of the LiMg0.3Mn1.7O4 samples from 10.50 to 10.98 mmol/g, which indicates the endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The kinetics of adsorption was well described by a pseudo-second order equation, which indicates the occurrence of chemical interaction during the adsorption process.

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46

Ahmad, A., M. Y. A. Rahman, S. P. Low, and H. Hamzah. "Effect of LiBF4 Salt Concentration on the Properties of Plasticized MG49-TiO2 Based Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte." ISRN Materials Science 2011 (June 20, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/401280.

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A nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) comprising of 49% poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted natural rubber (MG49) as polymer host, titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a ceramic filler, lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) as dopant salt, and ethylene carbonate (EC) as plasticizer was prepared by solution casting technique. The ceramic filler, TiO2, was synthesized in situ by a sol-gel process. The ionic conductivity, chemical interaction, structure, and surface morphology of nanocomposite polymer electrolyte have been investigated as a function of wt% LiBF4. The interaction between lithium ions and oxygen atoms occurred at carbonyl and ether groups. The crystalline phase of polymer host slightly decreases with the addition of salt. TGA and DTG analysis suggested that the thermal stability of the electrolyte decreases with the salt content. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte was found to increase with the increase of salt concentration and then decreased after an optimum value. The highest conductivity achieved was S cm−1 at 25 wt% of LiBF4.

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47

Ibrahim, Sundus S., and Ziad T. Khodair. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Antifungal Activity of Cd2SnO4 Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.2.nq22081.

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In this study, Cd2SnO4 nanoparticles were produced using a sol-gel technique. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the Cd2SnO4 nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), FE-SEM images show that manufactured Cd2SnO4 nanoparticles have cubic structures with some irregular cubic shaped nanoparticles. XRD patterns of the prepared thin films showed that the nanoparticles have a polycrystalline structure. The wide bands between 551 and 854 cm-1 are attributable to the framework vibrations of the Sn-O bond in SnO2, and the band at 551 cm-1 is also due to cadmium and oxygen in this area, according to the FTIR analysis. The TEM result shows the presence of cubic shaped nanoparticles. The interaction between the cadmium nanoparticles and the cellular contents of the fungi may be the reason for the antifungal effectiveness of Cd2SnO4 nanocomposites.

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48

Mohammadi, Behnam, Shaghayegh Shabani, Seyed Mirkazemi, Yaser Vahidshad, and Akram Dorani. "The effects of processing parameters on structure of mesoporous γ-alumina granules synthesized by sol-gel/oil-drop method: Modelling via response surface methodology." Processing and Application of Ceramics 16, no. 3 (2022): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac2203267m.

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Sol-gel/oil-drop granulation technique was used to prepare mesoporous ?-Al2O3 granules of 1.5-2mm with high specific surface area and pore volume of 295m2/g and 0.47 cm3/g, respectively. The structure of granules was studied using powder XRD, DTA, TEM and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques. A response surface methodology (RSM) holding CCD approach was used for modelling the influence of process variables on the granule pore structure, having a quadratic function relating the independent variables (calcination temperature, acid amount and ammonia concentration) to the responses (specific surface area, mean pore diameter and pore volume). The interaction effect of variables on each response was studied and all were in acceptable accordance with experimental values. Accordingly, the granules synthesized using 20ml of nitric acid, aged in a 9.25wt.% ammonia solution and calcined at 450?C showed the best properties. The predicted values for the specific surface area and pore volume were 315.64m2/g, 7 nm and 0.53 cm3/g, respectively, which were compatible with experimental values.

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González-Penguelly, Brenely, Grethell Georgina Pérez-Sánchez, Dulce Yolotzin Medina-Velázquez, Paulina Martínez-Falcón, and Angel de Jesús Morales-Ramírez. "Luminescence Properties and Energy Transfer of Eu3+, Bi3+ Co-Doped LuVO4 Films Modified with Pluronic F-127 Obtained by Sol–Gel." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010146.

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Nowadays, orthovanadates are studied because of their unique properties for optoelectronic applications. In this work, the LuVO4:Eu3+, Bi3+ films were prepared by the sol–gel method, using a new simple route, and deposited by the dip-coating technique. The obtained films are transparent, fracture-free, and homogenous. The sol–gel process was monitored by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the crystal structure was tetragonal, and films that were highly oriented along the (200) low-energy direction were obtained. The morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed uniformly distributed circular agglomerations of rice-like particles with nanometric sizes. The luminescence properties of the films were analyzed using a fixed concentration of 2.5 at. % Eu3+ and different concentrations of Bi3+ (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 at. %); all the samples emit in red, and it has been observed that the light yield of Eu3+ is enhanced as the Bi3+ content increases when the films are excited at 350 nm, which corresponds to the 1S0→3P1 transition of Bi3+. Therefore, a highly efficient energy transfer mechanism between Bi3+ and Eu3+ has been observed, reaching up to 71%. Finally, it was established that this energy transfer process occurs via a quadrupole–quadrupole interaction.

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Milawati, Sri, Intan Syahbanu, and Risya Sasri. "Synthesis TiO2 -SiO2 Composites Using The Method Sol-Gel-Hydrothermal." Jurnal ILMU DASAR 22, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v22i1.14492.

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Abstract:

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a transition metal oxide material which has been researched extensively and can be used for various applications. In this research, synthesis of TiO2 -SiO2 using TTIP and TEOS precursor. Research aims to determine the characteristics of composite materials generated based on the influence of hydrothermal time and precursor composition. Synthesis is done by variation of hydrothermal time (4 hours, 8 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours and without hydrothermal) and TEOS precursor composition variation (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1). Synthesis is made by dissolving the two precursors through the sol-gel-hydrothermal method and continued with the calcination process. Characterization using FT-IR showed a bonding Ti-O-Si at a wavelength of 950 cm-1 . This bond is formed from the interaction between TiO2 and SiO2 which indicates the success of the synthesis. The XRD characterization results show formed of a peak at 2θ° the range 25° for all composites. The results of the dr-uv characterization on the TiO2 -SiO2 composite comparison of 2:1 showed absorption at 387 nm and obtained band gap energy of 3,20 eV. Based on the data obtained it can be concluded that synthesis of TiO2-SiO2 hydrothermally obtained the optimum time 24 hours and the best comparison is contained in the composition 2:1, which produces an anatase structure with a crystal size of 15,899 nm, so that the resulting composite can be used as a photocatalyst. Keywords: Hydrothermal, Sol-gel, TiO2 -SiO2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Interaction sol-structure'

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