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Chou, Wei-Po, Peng-Wei Wang, Shiou-Lan Chen, Yu-Ping Chang, Chia-Fen Wu, Wei-Hsin Lu, and Cheng-Fang Yen. "Voluntary Reduction of Social Interaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Related Factors and Association with Perceived Social Support." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 8039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218039.
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This study aimed to determine the proportion of individuals who voluntarily reduced interaction with their family members, friends, and colleagues or classmates to avoid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and the associations of reduced social interaction with perceived social support during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. Moreover, the related factors of voluntary reduction of social interaction were examined. We recruited participants via a Facebook advertisement. We determined the reduced social interaction, perceived social support, cognitive and affective constructs of health belief and demographic characteristics among 1954 respondents (1305 women and 649 men; mean age: 37.9 years with standard deviation 10.8 years). In total, 38.1% of respondents voluntarily reduced their social interaction with friends to avoid COVID-19 infection, 36.1% voluntarily reduced their interaction with colleagues or classmates, and 11.1% voluntarily reduced interaction with family members. Respondents who voluntarily reduced interaction with other people reported lower perceived social support than those who did not voluntarily reduce interaction. Respondents who were older and had a higher level of worry regarding contracting COVID-19 were more likely to voluntarily reduce interaction with family members, friends, and colleagues or classmates to avoid COVID-19 infection than respondents who were younger and had a lower level of worry regarding contracting COVID-19, respectively. The present study revealed that despite strict social distancing measures not being implemented in Taiwan, more than one-third of respondents voluntarily reduced their interaction with friends and colleagues or classmates. The general public should be encouraged to maintain social contacts through appropriately distanced in-person visits and telecommunication.
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Coffey, Frank, Keiko Tsuchiya, Stephen Timmons, Bryn Baxendale, Svenja Adolphs, and Sarah Atkins. "Analysing voice quality and pitch in interactions of emergency care simulation." BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning 4, no. 4 (September 6, 2017): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjstel-2017-000212.
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Background/aimsIn emergency care, healthcare professionals (HCPs) interact with both a patient and their colleagues at the same time. How HCPs regulate the two distinct interactions is our central interest. Focusing on HCPs’ use of their voice quality and pitch, a multimodal analysis of the interaction in a simulation training session was conducted. Our aims are (1) to compare the use of HCPs’ voice quality and pitch in HCP–patient and HCP–HCP interactions, (2) to examine how different voice quality and pitch function in interaction, and (3) to develop the research methodology so as to integrate multimodal features in emergency care interaction for analysis.MethodsThree HCPs performed a scripted acute care scenario (chest pain) at the simulation centre. The multimodal corpus-based approach was applied to analyse the varying voice pitch and quality of the HCPs, in interactions with a simulated patient (SP) and with two other HCPs, in emergency care training.ResultsThe HCPs tended to use a clear voice when they talk to an SP and a ‘shattered’ voice to colleagues in the team. The pitch was raised to talk to an SP, by Helen (a nurse) and Mike (a doctor).ConclusionThis indicates that the HCPs strategically change their voice quality and pitch according to the addressees, regulating the interaction.
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McDonald, Kathryn M. "The diagnostic field’s players and interactions: from the inside out." Diagnosis 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dx-2013-0023.
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AbstractFor diagnoses that require inputs from multiple players – patients, informal caregivers, health care professionals – a team approach to coordinating diagnostic care has the potential to improve outcomes. Taking a patient-system perspective helps elucidate important factors relevant to team-based diagnostic performance. These factors are conceptualized as a metaphoric playing field that has goals, players interacting, unavoidable uncertainties and influential social conditions specifically tied to the diagnosis phase of care. In terms of rules of the game, the patient-system interaction might be guided by application of Gittell and colleague’s relational coordination concepts, and understood within a broader social network framework of diagnosis, adapted from work by Berkman and colleagues. Patient-centered metrics are also needed to monitor the success of diagnosis.
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Wu, Wei-Li, Chien-Hsin Lin, Bi-Fen Hsu, and Ryh-Song Yeh. "Interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing: Moderating effects of individual altruism and a social interaction environment." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.1.83.
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The relationship between interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing was explored, along with the impact of individual altruism and a social interaction environment. Participants were employees in Taiwanese high-tech industries. Employees' perceived interpersonal trust, of either their colleagues or supervisor, was found to be positively correlated with their knowledge-sharing behaviors in the workplace. Employees' altruism traits were found to be a factor for them to share knowledge in the workplace and the trait of altruism was also found to reduce the positive association between trust of colleagues and knowledge sharing. An organizational social interaction environment intensifies the positive association between trust of colleagues and knowledge sharing. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study are discussed.
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Spence, Susan H., and Peter Lee. "Observation and Social Validation of Staff Behaviours in a Residential Care Setting." Behavioural Psychotherapy 13, no. 1 (January 1985): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300009320.
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Eleven residential care staff working in a secure unit with disruptive or delinquent youths were trained to use a variety of behavioural methods and teaching-parent interaction skills as outlined by the Achievement Place Programme. Three months following a 1-month full-time training programme, staff were observed in the work environment using a behaviour coding system. An attempt was made to identify which care staff behaviours influenced the clients' and colleagues' judgements about staff behaviour towards the youths. Staff who frequently asked for information from the youths were rated more positively by both colleagues and youths. The use of praise influenced the youths' judgements of care staff, whereas the expression of affection towards the youths influenced staff judgements of colleagues. Other aspects of conversation or teaching interaction skills did not correlate with boys' or colleagues' judgements of the care staff. Responses such as checking for understanding, requesting practice, giving prompts and feedback were rarely used by care staff. The study provides evidence of social validity for certain staff behaviours as influencing judgements made by clients and colleagues.
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Pink, Sebastian, Thomas Leopold, and Henriette Engelhardt. "Fertility and social interaction at the workplace: Does childbearing spread among colleagues?" Advances in Life Course Research 21 (September 2014): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2013.12.001.
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Weigelt, Sarah, Kami Koldewyn, and Oliver Doehrmann. "Cross-Category Adaptation Reveals Tight Coupling of Face and Body Perception." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 2 (August 2010): 581–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00288.2010.
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Faces and bodies are arguably the visual stimuli most relevant for human social interactions. Only recently, however, has research begun to reveal the interaction between face and body perception. Here we report on a recent study by Ghuman and colleagues and other behavioral and neuroimaging investigations that, taken together, provide compelling evidence for a tight coupling of face and body perception.
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Davis, Gregory G. "The Art of Attorney Interaction and Courtroom Testimony." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 130, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 1305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2006-130-1305-taoaia.
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Abstract Context.—In our society it is well for a physician to know something of the workings of court and how to interact with attorneys. One need not go to law school to successfully navigate a legal proceeding as a physician witness. Objective.—To show that a physician skilled at interacting with colleagues and patients can successfully apply those skills to interacting with attorneys and testifying in court. Data Sources.—This work is based primarily on the author's experience in interacting with attorneys and testifying in court, with supplemental contributions from textbooks. Conclusions.—Skillful testifying is simply the transmission of medical information in court in a professional, polite, and compelling manner, an ability within the grasp of any physician who has mastered the art of working with colleagues and patients. Careful, honest assessment of the medical matters in a legal case places a physician in a strong position, which the physician can maintain by remaining polite, even in the face of attempts by an attorney to denigrate the physician's professional abilities. The best witnesses tell the truth in a manner that compels people in the courtroom to listen.
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Wendler, Kathrin, Jie Liu, and Ingo Zettler. "Honesty-Humility Interacts With Context Perception in Predicting Task Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior." Journal of Personnel Psychology 17, no. 4 (October 2018): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000203.
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Abstract. In this study, we investigated the interaction effects between honesty-humility and two contextual perception variables (perceptions of organizational politics and perceptions of interactional justice) on two dimensions of job performance (task performance and organizational citizenship behavior). In a multiple rater design, we dissociated the assessments of the contextual perception variables (rated by target employees), personality traits (rated by colleagues), and job performance (rated by supervisors) from each other. We expected employees lower in honesty-humility to adapt their behavior according to the perceived context, whereas employees higher in honesty-humility were expected to perform equally well irrespective of the perceived environment. Results supported the hypothesized interactions in general.
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Hewett, Suniti, Karen Becker, and Adelle Bish. "Blended workplace learning: the value of human interaction." Education + Training 61, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-01-2017-0004.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the use of blended learning in the workplace and questions whether interpersonal interaction facilitates learner engagement (specifically behavioral, cognitive and/or emotional engagement), and if so, the means by which this occurs. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was taken to this exploratory study, a single-case study design was utilized, and data collection methods involved interviews with facilitators and past participants of a blended workplace learning (BWL) program. Findings Human interaction in the BWL program included learner–facilitator, learner–learner and learner–colleague interaction. Where human interaction was present, it was reported to be linked with more active behavioral engagement, higher cognitive engagement and stronger and more positive emotional engagement than where human interaction was absent. Research limitations/implications The single-case study design does not allow for generalizability of findings. Reliance on self-reported data through interviews without cross-validation from other forms of measurement is a further limitation of the study. Practical implications Effective blended learning programs for workplaces are those that provide opportunities for learners to engage through human interaction with facilitators, other learners and colleagues. The findings advance current knowledge of BWL, and have implications for human resource development professionals, and designers and facilitators of blended learning programs for workplaces. Originality/value The study contributes to existing literature on blended learning in the workplace and emphasizes the importance of ensuring that human interaction is still an element of blended learning to maximize the benefits to learners and organizations.
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Santamaría-García, Carmen. "Gender identity in interaction: overcoming heteronormativity." Feminismo/s, no. 38 (July 13, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/fem.2021.38.08.
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The present article reviews theoretical concepts that can contribute to the analysis of the construction of gender identity in interaction, moving on from heteronormativity, understood as the normalization of heterosexuality as the only, or more, legitimate form of sexuality. Identity is discussed together with the concepts of face, rapport and (im)politeness from a discursive approach (van der Bom & Mills, 2015). It is argued that gender identity face builds on attributes of both respectability and identity faces with differing strengths and saliency depending on the individuals and the context. Analysis is limited to the construction of hetero and gay male gender identities in interaction with women in academic contexts and draws on data from a corpus of naturally occurring interactions compiled by the author. Gay males seem to differ from hetero males in in their choice of resources for doing face-enhancing positive politeness and rapport with their female colleagues. Despite the limited size of the sample, the study hopes to contribute to a better understanding of the construction of gender identity from a discursive approach.
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Mak, Bernie Chun Nam. "Doing business and constructing identities through small talk in workplace instant messaging." Pragmatics and Society 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 559–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.16064.mak.
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Abstract This paper describes how bilingual colleagues living in Hong Kong make small talk in instant messaging to achieve various business-oriented goals and construct multiple identities in the discursive process. Guided by James Paul Gee’s revised framework of discourse analysis, the analyses evidenced that, overall, colleagues use small talk in instant messages to maintain minimal ties with distant partners, fill in silence during computer work, affect informal decision-making at work, and to diffuse useful surrounding information into business talk. These instances interplay with different affordances provided by the gadgets in the instant messenger interfaces. Such creative usage, together with the perceived nature of online interaction and instant messaging, results in multiple and turbulent identities circulating in the broader context of workplace discourse. The article concludes by arguing that computer-mediated communication has offered participants an emerging modus of interacting socially, beyond the physical and psychological constraints of time and space.
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Yerbury, Rachel M., and Samantha J. Lukey. "Human–Animal Interactions: Expressions of Wellbeing through a “Nature Language”." Animals 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040950.
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Human–animal interactions (HAIs) can be beneficial for humans in a number of ways, and interactions with wild animals may contribute to human mental wellbeing, partly through nature connectedness. This study applies the “Nature Interaction Pattern” approach (proposed by Kahn and colleagues) to characterize the structure of meaningful human engagement with nature and animals, and to consider the wellbeing outcomes. This qualitative, retrospective study uses open responses from 359 participants who describe how their wild animal encounters affected their nature connectedness. Thematic analysis explores five nature Interaction Patterns and four resulting Psychological Descriptions that occur in the portrayals of the marine animal encounters and these are described using representative quotes. Feelings of love, belonging, positive feelings, fulfillment and the gaining of perspective, were linked with the human–animal experience and the Interaction Patterns. These findings suggest that when people encounter and interact with animals in their natural environment, their mental health and wellbeing may be enhanced. Further, through connecting with nature and animals, reciprocity may occur, that is, when people connect with nature and animals, they can also give back. Within this interaction there becomes an entanglement of experiences thereby encouraging caring for nature and animals.
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Wey, Arkady, Alan Champneys, Rosemary J. Dyson, Nisreen A. Alwan, and Mary Barker. "The benefits of peer transparency in safe workplace operation post pandemic lockdown." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 18, no. 174 (January 2021): 20200617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0617.
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The benefits of different levels of engagement with test, trace and isolate procedures are investigated for a pandemic in which there is little population immunity, in terms of productivity and public health. Simple mathematical modelling is used in the context of a single, relatively closed workplace such as a factory or back-office where, in normal operation, each worker has lengthy interactions with a fixed set of colleagues. A discrete-time SEIR model on a fixed interaction graph is simulated with parameters that are motivated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic in the UK during a post-peak phase, including a small risk of viral infection from outside the working environment. Two kinds of worker are assumed, transparents who regularly test, share their results with colleagues and isolate as soon as a contact tests positive for the disease, and opaques who do none of these. Moreover, the simulations are constructed as a ‘playable model’ in which the transparency level, disease parameters and mean interaction degree can be varied by the user. The model is also analysed in the continuum limit. All simulations point to the double benefit of transparency in both maximizing productivity and minimizing overall infection rates. Based on these findings, public policy implications are discussed for how to incentivise this mutually beneficial behaviour in different kinds of workplace, and simple recommendations are made.
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Xiao, Tan. "Essence and Structure of the Formation of Communicative Competence of Students." Professional Education: Methodology, Theory and Technologies, no. 8 (December 21, 2018): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2415-3729-2018-8-225-237.
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The article reveals the peculiarities of formation of students’ communicative competence in the professional training process, which involves the formation of their communicatively meaningful personality traits, a pronounced humanistic tendency to communicate with pupils, the possession of a system of integrated professional- speech skills and communicative qualities. The author defines the essence of the concept of «communicative competence of students» as a process and the result of professional training on the ability to subject-subjective interaction with colleagues of preschool age, which contains a complex of communication knowledge, skills and abilities. The benefit of the study is that a great attention is focused on creating the favorable conditions for the implementation of interpersonal communication in future professional activities.
The author of the article has made a conclusion that the analysis of scientific literature gives grounds to assert that the formation of students’ communicative competence is understood by us as a process and the result of professional training on the ability to subject-subject interaction with colleagues and children of preschool age, which contains a complex of communication knowledge, skills and abilities. The author has also identified the components of the structure of the communicative competence formation, which include: motivational-cognitive (comprehension of the multifaceted personality, understanding of its desires; requirement and motives; positive attitude towards colleagues; feeling of community with the team); content (knowledge of norms and rules of communication and interaction, knowledge of ways to resolve conflicts); reflexive (effective use of communicative knowledge, skills and abilities that regulate the communication process, ability to collaborate in joint activities and communication with colleagues, use of constructive ways of resolving conflicts). The author of the article believes that the determining the essence and components of the formation of students’ communicative competence will provide an opportunity to substantiate and develop the technology of forming the communicative competence of students in the process of professional training and its implementation in the educational process of H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University.
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Bystrom, Karl-Erik, Woodrow Barfield, and Claudia Hendrix. "A Conceptual Model of the Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 8, no. 2 (April 1999): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474699566107.
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This paper proposes a model of interaction in virtual environments which we term the immersion, presence, performance (IPP) model. This model is based on previous models of immersion and presence proposed by Barfield and colleagues and Slater and colleagues. The IPP model describes the authors' current conceptualization of the effects of display technology, task demands, and attentional resource allocation on immersion, presence, and performance in virtual environments. The IPP model may be useful for developing a theoretical framework for research on presence and for interpreting the results of empirical studies on the sense of presence in virtual environments. The model may also be of interest to designers of virtual environments.
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Duvall, Matthew, Anthony Matranga, and Jason Silverman. "Designing for and facilitating knowledge-building discourse in online courses." Information and Learning Sciences 121, no. 7/8 (June 27, 2020): 487–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-04-2020-0081.
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Purpose Founded in sociocultural theories of learning, the authors argue that engaging learners in collaborative knowledge building is critical. When responding to others’ ideas, research shows that learners in online settings more frequently focus on surface-level aspects of colleagues’ contributions – sharing, comparing and praising – rather than engaging in knowledge building. Collaborative, knowledge-building discourse includes generative interactional practices that feature disagreeing, negotiating meaning, testing and reflecting on co-constructed ideas, summarizing conversations and making metacognitive contributions to discussions. The purpose of this paper is to review studies that show evidence of key design features and pedagogical practices that support collaborative knowledge building by promoting generative interactional practices and particular patterns in interaction. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper presents pragmatic design and instructional guidelines for online course discussions. The purpose is to synthesize existing research and share a detailed framework for supporting generative discussion in asynchronous online work. Findings The authors review studies that show evidence of key design features and pedagogical practices that support collaborative knowledge building. Design features to promote generative discourse include using the asynchronous nature of online settings to have students work privately, share their work, discuss their work with the class and then revise; providing instructions/discussion criteria that scaffold knowledge building; and using appropriate digital tools that mediate interaction around content. The pedagogical practices that affect patterns of interaction include modeling generative discourse, promoting increased interactions by and between participants and using opportunistic grouping strategies. Originality/value The authors include examples from one of their existing online courses that include these design features and pedagogical practices and discuss results from their ongoing work regarding the generativity of learner interactions in this course.
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Burgess, Heather E., and Joanna Chataway. "The importance of mentorship and collaboration for scientific capacity-building and capacity-sharing: perspectives of African scientists." F1000Research 10 (March 1, 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.50937.1.
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Long-term goals for capacity-building in Africa centres around building a self-sufficient scientific community, however there is a lack of research on the interactions that are needed to make up a thriving academic community or the steps needed to realise such a goal. Through interviews with researchers supported by a capacity-building initiative, we have characterised their interactions with other scientists and the impact that these have on capacity-building. This has revealed a wide range of interactions that have not been captured by traditional bibliometric studies of collaboration and shown that a substantial amount of intra-African collaboration is taking place. This collaboration allowed the researchers to share capacity with their colleagues and this could provide an alternative to, or supplement, traditional North-South capacity-building. We have shown that this capacity-sharing can enable capacity to spill over from capacity-building programmes to the broader scientific community. Furthermore, researchers are deliberately hastening this capacity-sharing through training or mentoring others outside of their capacity-building initiative, including those from more resource-poor groups. To understand how capacity-building initiatives can harness the power of these interactions, we investigated how interactions between researchers originated, and found that collaborations tended to be formed around pre-existing networks, with researchers collaborating with previous colleagues, or contacts formed through their mentors or consortium activities. Capacity-building organisations could capitalise on this through actions such as expanding mentorship schemes but should also ensure that researchers are not limited to pre-established networks but have exposure to a changing and growing pool of expertise. As interactions continue to move online since the appearance of COVID-19 this will present opportunities for new interaction patterns to develop. This study highlights the need to develop new metrics for collaboration that will take into account these new modes of interaction and the full range of interactions that make up a scientific community.
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O'LEARY, MICHAEL BOYER. "VIRTUAL BY CHOICE: AN INTERACTION CONTROL THEORY OF DELIBERATE DISTANCING VIA MEDIATED COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PROXIMATE COLLEAGUES." Academy of Management Proceedings 2010, no. 1 (August 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2010.54501107.
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Li, Shih-Hon, and Daniel A. Lawrence. "Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar." Blood 116, no. 9 (September 2, 2010): 1394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-06-286237.
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In this issue of Blood, Connolly and colleagues describe an elegant approach to studying the significance of specific molecular interactions in vivo. The authors have “knocked-in” a mutant form of the protease, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), into the murine uPA locus, to create a mouse strain (PlauGFDhu/GFDhu) where the interaction between endogenous uPA and its receptor (uPAR) is selectively disrupted, while leaving other functions of both uPA and uPAR intact. Their findings suggest that the primary role of uPAR in vivo is to promote fibrinolysis within tissues through localization of uPA, and that many of the previously described activities of uPAR may be secondary to this process.1
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Polyakova, O. B. "Features of Coping Professional Behavior of Social Workers Providing Assistance to Clients During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Contemporary problems of social work 6, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2412-5466-2020-6-4-81-88.
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the features of coping professional behavior of social workers who provide assistance to clients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified – above the average degree of building interpersonal interaction (models of prosocial coping nature of activity, maintaining loyalty and contact with colleagues and clients, establishing positive mutual relationships of a personal plan); design and problem solving (analytical approach to problem solving, voluntary problem-focused efforts to change stressful situations); seeking social support (a prosocial model of coping behavior, efforts to find effective, informational, material and emotional support and help from colleagues and clients); self-control (efforts to self-regulate actions and feelings). It was found that the higher the search for social support, positive revaluation and acceptance of responsibility, the higher the building of interpersonal interaction, prudent coping behaviors and acceptance of responsibility and problem solving. It has been proven that the higher the search for social support, positive reappraisal and problem solving, the lower are aggressive and manipulative actions, assertiveness and problem avoidance
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Winicki-Landman, Greisy. "Discuss with Your Colleagues: Equiareal Polygons: A Mathematical Conversation about a New Concept." Mathematics Teacher 94, no. 3 (March 2001): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.94.3.0211.
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This article describes an activity that is connected with mathematical definitions and that illustrates the process of gradual refinement as a way to understand and construct knowledge. It presents a gradual construction of a specific geometry concept that was the result of the interaction among the participants in a mathematical discourse (Pimm 1987). This activity took place at the end of a professional development program for teachers of secondary school geometry. During this fourteen-week program, the participants were exposed to the NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989) and to several activities adapted from two volumes in the Addenda Series: Geometry in the Middle Grades (Geddes 1992) and Geometry from Multiple Perspectives (Coxford 1991).
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Schröder, Bernd, and Paul Saftig. "Molecular insights into mechanisms of intramembrane proteolysis through signal peptide peptidase (SPP)." Biochemical Journal 427, no. 3 (April 14, 2010): e1-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20100391.
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The processing of membrane-anchored signalling molecules and transcription factors by RIP (regulated intramembrane proteolysis) is a major signalling paradigm in eukaryotic cells. Intramembrane cleaving proteases liberate fragments from membrane-bound precursor proteins which typically fulfil functions such as cell signalling and regulation, immunosurveillance and intercellular communication. Furthermore, they are thought to be involved in the development and propagation of several diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and hepatitis C virus infection. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Schrul and colleagues investigate the interaction of the endoplasmic reticulum-resident intramembrane cleaving SPP (signal peptide peptidase) with different type II oriented transmembrane proteins. A combination of co-immunoprecipitation experiments using wild-type and a dominant-negative SPP with electrophoretic protein separations under native conditions revealed selectivity of the interaction. Depending on the interacting protein, SPP formed complexes of different sizes. SPP could build tight interactions not only with signal peptides, but also with pre- and mis-folded proteins. Whereas signal peptides are direct substrates for SPP proteolysis, the study suggests that SPP may be involved in the controlled sequestration of possibly toxic membrane protein species in a proteolysis-independent manner. These large oligomeric membrane protein aggregates may then be degraded by the proteasome or autophagy.
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Balcı, Ali, Nuriye Karabulut, Sevgi Gürses Kürçe, and Sevgi Ernas. "Teachers’ organizational and professional socialization: The case of Ankara." Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi 9, no. 1 (October 25, 2018): 305–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2019.010.
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The purpose of this study is to reveal the professional and organizational socialization experiences of elementary school teachers of Ankara Province. The study was conducted through phenomenological design and the data, based on descriptive and content analysis, collected through a semi-structured interview form. The participants comprised of five public and five private elementary school teachers, having at least five years of professional experience were selected through “maximum variation” and “criterion” sampling methods. The finding of study revealed that before starting their job, the teachers had optimistic expectations such as school administrations’ providing guidance, cooperative colleagues, ambitious students and supportive parents. In the entry stage of socialization, teachers have reality shock. In adaptation of teachers to their profession and the school, colleague responses are prominent as well as individual activities. In metamorphosis stage, private schools exert more efforts than public schools do in their adaption. The participants suggest that MoNE should assign suitable councelling teachers and develop the control mechanism for more effective socialization process. In light of the findings, internet-based programs should be developed to provide materials and to have e-courses. For colleague interaction, systems such as mentoring and coaching should be actively implemented.
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POLESHCHUK, Marina Nikolaevna. "Socio-economic valuation of an employee’s work activities of a coal mining enterprise: Criteria, indicators, and methodology." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 1 (March 15, 2021): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2021-1-150-159.
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Relevance is caused by the fact that the achievement of the required performance results is based on the mutual understanding of the workers of a coal mining enterprise and the consistency of their interaction. It is advisable to carry out a socio-economic valuation and mutual assessment of their activities to effectively change these components. For a correct assessment of the activities of employees, it is necessary to determine the criteria and indicators that reflect its socio-economic characteristics and the results achieved by employees. Purpose of the paper is to present a methodological toolkit that allows employees of a coal mining enterprise to carry out a socioeconomic valuation and mutual assessment of their activities, to develop measures for improving its efficiency. Research methodology and methods. The socio-economic valuation of employees work activities is based on the following provisions: 1) the results of the employee’s activities and the process of achieving them are assessed; 2) an employee himself makes the assessment as well as other employees interacting with him (manager, colleagues, subordinates). When substantiating the criteria and indicators, the methods of structural and functional analysis, scientific generalization and expert assessments were used. Results. A set of criteria and indicators have been substantiated reflecting the attitude of employees to activities, the process of their activities and the results they achieve. A method of socio-economic valuation of activities is proposed, the application of which allows identifying discrepancies in assessments, to achieve mutual understanding between interacting employees, their managers and colleagues, to develop relationships that ensure the required results of interaction. Conclusions. Socio-economic valuation of an employee’s work activities of a coal mining enterprise according to the proposed methodology using a reasonable set of criteria and indicators allows you to form an agreed understanding of the requirements for the activity and its results, to develop and implement effective measures to achieve the desired results Keywords: indicators and criteria, methodology, activity, coal mining enterprise, employee, socio-economic valuation, mutual understanding, relationships, interaction, results.
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Weschke, Bernhard, Angela Kaindl, and Maria Tountopoulou. "Lacosamide Lowers Valproate and Levetiracetam Levels." Neuropediatrics 48, no. 03 (March 21, 2017): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1600112.
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AbstractLacosamide (LCM) due to no known drug interaction and the absence of metabolic enzyme induction is a good candidate for an add-on medication, especially in combination with lamotrigine, levetiracetam (LEV), oxcarbazepine, topiramate, and valproic acid (VPA). Here we report for the first time, to our knowledge, that LCM can lower VPA and LEV serum levels. At present, there are no known explicable mechanisms of action of LCM, which lowers VPA and LEV. Here observed drug interaction of LCM is of clinical significance, which might be useful for other colleagues in the field.
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Tolmachev, A. V. "To help medical adviser: features of cross-functional interaction with colleagues from the marketing and sales departments." Remedium. Journal about the Russian market of medicines and medical equipment, no. 11 (2015): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/1561-5936-2015-11-64-65.
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Kelley, Michelle L., Robert J. Milletich, Robin J. Lewis, Barbara A. Winstead, Cathy L. Barraco, Miguel A. Padilla, and Courtney Lynn. "Predictors of Perpetration of Men’s Same-Sex Partner Violence." Violence and Victims 29, no. 5 (2014): 784–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00096.
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This study examined alcohol consumption, internalized homophobia, and outness as related to men’s (N = 107) reports of the perpetration of violence against a same-sex partner. Higher typical weekly alcohol consumption, higher levels of internalized homophobia, and less outness (e.g., lower levels of disclosure of one’s sexual orientation) predicted the perpetration of partner violence. In contrast to what we expected, the interaction between higher alcohol consumption and higher levels of outness about one’s sexual orientation (i.e., being open to friends, family members, work colleagues) increased the likelihood of participants’ reports of perpetrating physical violence. These results suggest the importance of both alcohol consumption and sexual minority stressors and their interactions in understanding men’s perpetration of same-sex partner violence.
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South, Susan C. "Psychopathy as an Emergent Interpersonal Syndrome: What Is the Function of Fearlessness?" Journal of Personality Disorders 33, no. 5 (October 2019): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2019.33.5.633.
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Lilienfeld and colleagues (this issue) propose that some personality disorders can be conceptualized as emergent interpersonal syndromes (EIS). An EIS elicits negative interpersonal reactions in others. Further, an EIS results from statistical interactions between symptom dimensions that are uncorrelated. As a prototypical EIS, psychopathy is an interaction between boldness (or fearlessness) and interpersonal antagonism. The authors marshal many threads of research to develop an intriguing idea that suggests the “whole” of psychopathy is more than the sum of its parts. Unfortunately, the authors focus primarily on psychopathy, and fail to provide convincing quantitative data for the statistical interaction that forms the basis for their theory. Also missing from this model of personality pathology is a consideration of what function boldness serves; viewing boldness as a means to accomplish the (maladaptive) rewarding goals that motivate the individual high in antagonism and disinhibition may serve to flesh out this theory and our conceptualization of personality pathology more broadly.
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Thomas, Sue, Francesca Mancini, Louise Ebenezer, Jane Price, Tania Carta, Jessica Cordasco, Chiara Tedesco, and Sarah Gillett. "Parkinson's disease and the COVID-19 pandemic: responding to patient need with nurse-led telemedicine." British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 16, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjnn.2020.16.3.131.
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With the COVID-19 pandemic limiting face-to-face interaction, the drive for innovation and the need to develop alternative solutions to patient engagement, treatment and diagnosis has been suddenly accelerated. Sue Thomas and national and international colleagues outline a novel technological initiative launched in Italy to cope with the pressures of the pandemic, providing inspiration for similar future projects in the UK
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Jannesari, Milad, Zhongming Wang, Phillip Brown, and Jacob McCall. "Knowledge Transfer Between Expatriate and Host Country Nationals: the Role of Self-construal." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 3 (April 12, 2016): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.3.369.
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Our purpose in this paper was to investigate the role of self-construal by emphasizing 2 dimensions, namely the independent and interdependent views of self, as intercultural competencies that aid knowledge transfer and contribute to the enhancement of social capital between expatriates and host country nationals. Data were collected from 176 expatriates working in China, as well as 176 of their Chinese colleagues, all of whom completed measures of self-construal, frequency of interaction, trust, and shared vision. Further, supervisors rated their subordinates' knowledge sharing. The results revealed that for both sets of respondents, self-construal were facilitated by building positive relationships. This demonstrates the value of self-construal, revealing practical methods of developing social capital between expatriates and their host country colleagues as an instrumental means for knowledge transfer.
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Hossain, Ziarat, Elizabeth Noll, and Maribel Barboza. "Caregiving Involvement, Job Condition, and Job Satisfaction of Infant-Toddler Child-Care Teachers in the United States." Education Research International 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/676352.
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This study explored the degree to which infant-toddler child-care teachers were involved in their caregiving tasks, the nature of their job condition, and the relationships among caregiving involvement, SES variables (e.g., age, income, education, and work hours), and job condition including job satisfaction, burnout, and quitting behavior. Forty-one teachers from 10 daycare centers in small towns of the Southwest participated in the study. Results indicate that there was a high level of caregiving involvement and job satisfaction among the teachers. However, most teachers were dissatisfied with their current income levels, showed a moderate level of burnout, and yet did not express their intention to quit their present job. Correlation analyses reveal that teachers’ job satisfaction was positively related to their interaction with children and colleagues, resources, and training but negatively correlated to burnout and quitting behavior. Teachers’ burnout and quitting behavior were negatively correlated to their interaction with children and colleagues, resources, training, and income. While the desire to work with children had a significant impact on teachers’ job satisfaction and burnout, income and level of collegiality significantly predicted their quitting behavior.
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van Prooijen, Anne-Marie, Giulia Ranzini, and Jos Bartels. "Exposing one's identity: Social judgments of colleagues' traits can influence employees' Facebook boundary management." Computers in Human Behavior 78 (January 2018): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.002.
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van der Meulen, Nick, Peter van Baalen, Eric van Heck, and Sipko Mülder. "No teleworker is an island: The impact of temporal and spatial separation along with media use on knowledge sharing networks." Journal of Information Technology 34, no. 3 (February 20, 2019): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268396218816531.
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Despite its prevalence, there is a lack of understanding regarding the effect of telework on an organization’s knowledge base. Recognizing the enabling role of electronic communication media, this article therefore addresses the interaction effects of media synchronicity and temporal as well as spatial separation among colleagues on sharing in knowledge networks. Special attention is paid to knowledge awareness (a form of metaknowledge representing “who knows what”) as well as homogeneous and heterogeneous knowledge sources to further explicate the relationship between coworker separation and knowledge sharing. Multiple surveys were placed between two smaller ethnographic investigations and combined with whole network data to form an in-depth study of 64 knowledge workers at a medium-sized European research and advisory organization. The results reveal that spatial separation directly reduces the frequency of knowledge sharing between colleagues, whereas temporal separation affects knowledge sharing through reduced knowledge awareness, resulting in lower job and proactive performance. The use of asynchronous media can serve to mitigate most of the negative effects of spatial separation on knowledge sharing but may also exacerbate the negative effect of temporal separation on teleworkers’ knowledge awareness of colleagues with identical expertise.
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Aboderin, Olukayode Solomon, and A. M. Laleye. "The Relationship between Online Interaction and Academic Performance of Distance E-Learners in a Nigerian University." American International Journal of Education and Linguistics Research 2, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46545/aijelr.v2i1.72.
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Distance e-learners are expected to participate in an e-learning environment and interact with the content, colleagues and facilitators through distance education technologies. Learning environment goes a long way to determine student’s academic performance. Hence, this study tends to find out relationship between online interaction and distance e-learners. The purpose of the study was to analyze the correlation that exists between learner-content-interaction (LCI), learner-learner-interaction (LLI) and learner-instructor-interaction (LII) and academic performance of distance e-learners in a Nigerian university. Two research questions were designed to guide the study. A descriptive design of survey type was adopted for the study and a questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative data. The study was conducted in four selected study centres of National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) and a total of 1,025 participants completed the survey-based questionnaire. The researchers used Spearman’s correlation to determine if correlation exists on each type of interaction. The findings of this study revealed that learner-learner-interaction was the only factor that was significant(r = .066, p-value = .034), with very small weak correlation out of the three types of interactions discussed in this study. Findings also revealed that all the three types of interactions were significant (LCI, r= .121** p=0.009; LII, r=.108*, p=0.018; LLI, r = .105*, p = 0.023) for female distance e-learners but none was significant for male distance e-learners.Based on the findings of the research, recommendations have been made which will assist Nigerian university policy makers and course developers with a view to improving the academic performance of distance e-learners.
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Beames, Joanne R., Siobhan M. O’Dean, Jessica R. Grisham, Michelle L. Moulds, and Thomas F. Denson. "Anger regulation in interpersonal contexts: Anger experience, aggressive behavior, and cardiovascular reactivity." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 5 (April 2, 2019): 1441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518819295.
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The ability to regulate anger facilitates harmonious interactions with strangers, colleagues, friends, and romantic partners. We review the influence of four emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal, suppression, angry rumination, and mindfulness) on subjective anger experience, cardiovascular reactivity, and aggressive behavior. All studies included a real or implied social interaction (e.g., with a fictitious participant). We included research on individual differences in emotion regulation as well as experiments that manipulated emotion regulation strategies. The evidence suggests that cognitive reappraisal and mindfulness can buffer anger-related responses in interpersonal contexts. Angry rumination perpetuates anger and aggression. The effects of suppression are mixed. Our review highlights the need for additional research into the extent to which emotion regulation strategies influence provoked anger and aggression in different interpersonal contexts.
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Greipp, Mary Elizabeth. "Client Age, Gender, Behaviour: Effects On Quality of Predicted Self-Reactions and Colleague Reactions." Nursing Ethics 3, no. 2 (June 1996): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309600300205.
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This comparative study shows biases relative to client age, gender and behaviour demon strated by 268 female nurse subjects. A repeated measures design was utilized. All three main effects were significant (p < 0.001) for how respondents predicted that they would react to various clients and also how they predicted that their colleagues would react. Most two-way and three-way interaction effects were significant. Subjects demonstrated more favourable reactions to nice, young, male clients and least favourable reactions to not nice, old, male clients. Study subjects predicted more favourable self-reactions to simulated clients than for their colleagues. What should be important to every professional as a result of this study is the need to be aware of self-biases, which may cause errors in decision-making and nursing care interventions and lead to ethical violations with clients.
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Vukelja, Ljiljana, Klaus Opwis, and Lothar Müller. "A Case Study of User-Centred Design in Four Swiss RUP Projects." Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/329351.
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We analysed four Rational Unified Process (RUP) projects in Switzerland that identified themselves as following a user-centred approach. Grounded theory served for analysis of 12 interviews with software developers, project managers, and UI specialists. For each professional group we analysed their work context, motivations, work practices, and strategies used to overcome the obstacles to user-centred design. Results show that end users did not participate in the projects. Instead of working directly with end users, participants used data from marketing research or consulted colleagues from other departments. Prototypes played an important role. We suggest the following remedies: (1) developing methods for easy integration of existing company knowledge about products with usability features, (2) professionalising UI design by educating project stakeholders in standard UI design, (3) creating an approved pool of company's personas for UI specialists' work, and (4) educating customers on their right to get good user interfaces.
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Wicks, Andrew C. "The Business Ethics Movement; Where are We Headed and What Can We Learn From Our Colleagues in Bioethics?" Business Ethics Quarterly 5, no. 3 (July 1995): 603–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857401.
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Abstract:There is a long and distinguished history of ethical thought in both business and medicine dating back to ancient times. Yet, the emergence of distinct academic disciplines [“business ethics” and “bioethics”] which are also tied to broader social movements is a very recent phenomenon. In spite of the apparent affinities that would seem to emerge from this connection, many have argued that the differences between business and medicine make any constructive interaction between business ethics and bioethics minimal. Indeed, little has been done to specifically examine the potential for collaboration and interdisciplinary research. This paper argues that there is considerable potential for constructive interaction between these two movements based on three major arguments: that the differences between medicine and business have been exaggerated, that both fields face a number of urgent problems that are common to each, and that the model of bioethics can serve as a useful guide for business ethicists.
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Shores, Richard E. "Overview of Research on Social Interaction: A Historical and Personal Perspective." Behavioral Disorders 12, no. 4 (August 1987): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019874298701200408.
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This article presents a review of research on social interaction that was conducted by the author, students, and colleagues, primarily at George Peabody College for Teachers of Vanderbilt University. The article traces the history and presents both successes and failures of our research in gaining information regarding the development of social interaction skills of handicapped (i.e., behaviorally disordered and mentally retarded) children. Several suggestions are made for future research and development areas. The article does not represent a comprehensive review, but rather a historical overview of a program of research conducted at Peabody. Each publication cited has incorporated related research from sources other than that completed at Peabody. In order to illustrate the progression of our program of research, the literature presented is consciously limited. The author presents this article as a personal perspective which should not necessarily be considered the perspective of other investigators involved in the research.
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Clydesdale, Greg. "Management education: reflective learning on human interaction." European Journal of Training and Development 40, no. 5 (June 6, 2016): 286–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-10-2015-0082.
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Purpose This paper aims to describe an attempt to develop a more effective technique to teach self-awareness and relationship skills. Design/methodology/approach A journal is used in combination with a model of human nature. The model lists human characteristics that the management trainee must identify in themselves and others they interact with. Students kept a journal and analysed their interactions in reference to a list of human characteristics. Findings Initial plans were disrupted by an earthquake. Analysis in the first journal instalments was limited and students regularly found negative characteristics in colleagues. Feedback was given and the second instalment showed greater quality of analysis. Students regularly found and showed understanding of the characteristics in themselves and others. They also put more thought in to how to manage those traits. The model provided a solution to the problems of marking reflective journals. Practical implications A key limitation of this approach is the difference in opinion that may exist between academics as to what characteristics managers should look for in themselves and others. There may be substantial divergence on this. Originality/value This paper contributes to management education by suggesting a method for enhancing both relationship skills and self-awareness. Problems in assessing reflection essays and journals can be overcome by grading their knowledge and understanding of the human characteristics.
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Daghigh, Ahmad, Vahid Daghigh, Mohsen Niazi, and David T. Morse. "Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of Professors Concerning Academic Rules and Relations: Does Sex Matter?" Journal of Education 201, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022057420903261.
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A common metric in appraising the classroom and educational experience is student ratings of courses and faculty. Our purpose in this study was to investigate whether the ratings of faculty in a co-educational Middle Eastern university concerning observation of university rules and policy, communication with colleagues, and communication with students differ based on sex—both that of the faculty and that of the student furnishing the ratings. Data were collected from 847 undergraduate students at Kashan University, of whom 626 had complete data. Statistically significant, though small, differences were observed for the main effect of student sex (females>males on following rules) and female faculty were rated more highly than male faculty on following rules and relationships with students. No differences by student sex or faculty sex on relationships with colleagues were noted, nor was there an interaction of student sex and faculty sex on the ratings.
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Thorpe, Roland J. "ARCHIVES OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS: MEN’S HEALTH AND AGING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.779.
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Abstract Historically men typically have had more opportunities, privileges, and power; yet men die sooner and have earlier onset of health conditions compared to women. This is largely because there is a paucity of research focusing on the complex interaction that exists between social, behavioral, biological, and psychosocial factors among men. This symposium contains a collection of papers in the latest Volume of the Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics that discuss some key factors that can provide insights to advance our understanding of men’s health and aging. Kelley and colleagues bring together several important concepts from sociology and gerontology to provide an explanatory framework for older men’s differential health profiles within and between cohorts, and over time. Wilmoth and colleagues discuss the complexities of understanding the health and well-being of male veterans in late life by providing critical insight on next steps that are needed on specific war-era cohorts to identify the mechanisms that shape veteran status differences in late-life health and mortality. Taylor and Taylor focus on social isolation and loneliness among a diverse sample of older men including understanding how social isolation and loneliness impact health outcomes. Bruce and Thorpe focus on how faith has implications for socio-biologic interactions associated with elevated risk for disease and premature death among this marginalized population. These presentations collectively will bolster our knowledge on men’s health and aging.
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Demerouti, Evangelia, Karin Bouwman, and Ana Isabel Sanz-Vergel. "Job Resources Buffer the Impact of Work-Family Conflict on Absenteeism in Female Employees." Journal of Personnel Psychology 10, no. 4 (January 2011): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000044.
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This study examines the relationship between work-family conflict and objective absenteeism 1 year later, by demonstrating that several job resources buffer the impact of work-family conflict on absenteeism. Female employees (N = 386) of a large financial services organization participated in the study. Four job resources (i.e., relationship with colleagues, relationship with supervisor, participation in decision-making, and developmental possibilities) were used to test the central hypothesis that the interaction between (high) work-family conflict and (low) job resources results in absenteeism (absence frequency and duration). Results of moderated structural equation modeling showed that only participation buffered the effect of work-family conflict on absence frequency, while the buffer hypothesis was confirmed for absence duration since all four two-way interactions were significant. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Chang, Che-Cheng, and Shu-Hsien Huang. "Examining the Relationship between Work Autonomy and Intragroup Conflict: A Case Study of the Financial Services Industry in Taiwan." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (August 24, 2021): 1164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.109.
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The services sector—an essential pillar of Taiwan’s economy—accounts for 59.2% of the country’s employment and 63.2% of the national GDP. With individualism gaining momentum, many people employed in the booming services sector are seeking autonomy in their workplaces, where increased interaction time among colleagues underlines the importance of collaboration. Conflicts are inevitable in these interactions, particularly in today’s diversified society that embraces different ideas and values. Building on prior studies of intragroup conflict, we construct a model that depicts the relationship between financial services workers’ work autonomy and intragroup conflict. A questionnaire survey of workers in Taiwan’s financial institutions is conducted and 266 valid samples are collected. The empirical results obtained through structural equation modeling tests and analysis indicate that work autonomy negatively affects intragroup conflict.
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Niedbalski, Jakub. "Proces konstruowania ładu interakcji między pełnosprawnymi i niepełnosprawnymi sportowcami. Analiza zjawiska z perspektywy teorii symbolicznego interakcjonizmu." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 61, no. 2 (April 24, 2017): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2017.61.2.8.
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This article is based on a study in which the interactions in a sports club between persons with physical disabilities and their non-disabled colleagues were observed. The purpose of the study was to understand and describe the problems faced by sports participants with disabilities when operating within a social, organizational, and physical environment that was not designed for the disabled. The study made it possible to reconstruct how definitions of key notions and situations are developed as a basis for creating and maintaining the interaction order between disabled and non-disabled sportsparticipants. The study used data compiled from open observation of participants and semi-structured interviews. The phenomena were analyzed in accordance with the procedures of Grounded Theory. Symbolic interactionism was used as a theoretical framework in the interpretative paradigm.
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Fine, Gary Alan, and Tim Hallett. "Group Cultures and the Everyday Life of Organizations: Interaction Orders and Meso-Analysis." Organization Studies 35, no. 12 (August 27, 2014): 1773–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840614546153.
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Drawing on sociological conceptions of interaction, small groups, and group cultures, we argue that organizational studies benefits from a meso-analysis of everyday life. Small group cultures are a means through which colleagues and co-workers share embedded and powerful self-referential meanings that shape ongoing organizational activity. Through this perspective we argue for a group-level approach to organizations that emphasizes the local production of knowledge and structure. Drawing upon ethnographic research on field offices of the US National Weather Service, we emphasize the importance of shared awareness and memory, performance, and differentiation, building on a vibrant group culture in which workers collaborate and challenge each other. In conclusion we examine connections and differences among the group culture approach, and related approaches that emphasize inhabited institutions, institutional logics, institutional work, and organizational culture.
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Broda, Michael, Eric Ekholm, Barbara Schneider, and Amy C. Hutton. "Teachers’ Social Networks, College-Going Practices, and the Diffusion of a School-Based Reform Initiative." SAGE Open 8, no. 4 (October 2018): 215824401881739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244018817397.
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This study examines the association between high school teachers’ collegial networks and their own familiarity with, and practices related to, supporting students’ admission to college. Using survey data collected at two time points from 163 teachers in four mid-Michigan high schools in 2011-2012, this study (a) employs cluster analysis to map collegial networks by school, and (b) uses social network influence modeling to examine how teachers may be influenced by their closest colleagues. Results of the cluster analysis find that all four high schools surveyed show evidence of distinct clustering by subgroups. Results from influence modeling show that while positive in almost all cases, the impact of teachers’ exposure to colleagues is not significantly associated with a change in familiarity or practices related to college-going. However, interaction with program staff from a college-advising program is found to be related to a small positive change in some teacher practices.
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Suri, Jane Fulton. "Making Effective Contributions to Product Design and Development." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 10 (October 1998): 710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804201010.
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To work effectively as a consultant in a product development program, the human factors practitioner needs to work effectively with other professionals including product and marketing managers; software, electrical, and mechanical engineers; interaction and industrial designers. Drawing upon examples and experience from several product development programs, the paper considers ways of improving effectiveness including building relationships with colleagues, scoping issues to be addressed, selecting methods for the time available, and communicating with product development team members.
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Feng, Min, and Driss Bourazzouq. "An Action Research on a French Law Firm." Journal of Technological Advancements 1, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jta.20210101.oa5.
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This study qualitatively analyzes interactional coping strategies used to managed technostress in the post-adoption stage of information technology implementation at a French legal firm. The nine strategies are participatory, collaborative, conflict resolution, bureaucratic coping (adaptation), perceived contribution to exchange, loyalty, affect, professional respect, and mutual trust. A critical perspective was applied to a longitudinal study of the intervention process. First, a problem with task distribution at the individual level affected the efficacy of perceived contribution strategies to exchange and professional enhancement. Second, a lack of creative interaction between group level colleagues undermined strategies of collaboration, mutual aid and assistance, participatory adaptation, and mutual trust. Third, a lack of digitalization commitment at the organizational level negatively affected conflict resolution and bureaucratic adjustment. Finally, an absence of loyalty and affect strategies was evident.