Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interactions fluides-roches'
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Blaise, Thomas. "Histoire thermique et interactions fluides-roches dans l'Est du Bassin de Paris." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0238/document.
Full textIn the eastern Paris Basin, the succession of sedimentary rocks with variable hydro-thermo-mechanical properties leads to a compartmentalization of the system. Three aquifer units - the Middle and Upper Jurassic limestones and the Lower Triassic sandstones - are apart from each other by very low-permeable evaporites and clay-rich successions, among which the Callovian-Oxfordian claystones currently investigated by the French national radioactive waste management agency (Andra). This PhD thesis deals with the thermal history reconstruction and the fluid-rock interactions in the Mesozoic series through a multidisciplinary approach. In the first part of the manuscript, the P-T evolution of the Mesozoic series is documented based on thermal indicators (vitrinite reflectance, biomarker isomerization, fluid inclusions) and numerical modeling. In the second part, major and trace element concentrations (including REE) and isotopic compositions (d18O, d13C and 87Sr/86Sr) of authigenic minerals and fluid inclusions were used to estimate the origin of paleo-fluids and their evolution through water-rock interactions. In the Lower Triassic sandstones, K-Ar dating of authigenic illite documents two periods of crystallization at 179.4 ± 0.8 Ma and 149.4 ± 0.3 Ma
Caste, Florent. "Interactions fluides-roches dans les chondrites carbonées : approche expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066717/document.
Full textIron-rich serpentines are major components of CM carbonaceous chondrites. They formed during early alteration events on their asteroidal parent bodies at an early stage of formation of the Solar System. The study of these minerals aims at better understanding the conditions in which they altered, but it would also help understanding the long term evolution of nuclear waste storage. Indeed, aqueous alteration in chondrites is considered as a good analog for iron-clay-water interactions. During this thesis, we studied the conditions of formation and stability of Fe-rich serpentines, and we paid particular attention to the evolution of the Fe valence state during alteration. Three approaches have been adopted : the synthesis of Fe-rich serpentines, the experimental alteration of chondritic assemblages at low temperature and under anoxygenic conditions, and the refinement of a themodynamic model of serpentines in the Fe2+-Fe3+-Mg-Al-Si-O-H system. This model, mostly refined using data from iron-clay experiments, gave encouraging results, and should allow to better predict equilibrium assemblages in altered chondrites. Out of equilibium processes were also experimentally explored, and our results suggest that there is a kinetic control of the precipitation of Fe-rich serpentines close to the ideal end-member. At the first stages of alteration of primary minerals under anoxic conditions, we observed poorly crystalline phases with a relatively low ferric iron content. Our result suggest that the Fe/Si ratio and the Fe3+ content favor the precipitation of serpentines. They provide interesting insight into the first stages of alteration in chondrites
Caste, Florent. "Interactions fluides-roches dans les chondrites carbonées : approche expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066717.pdf.
Full textIron-rich serpentines are major components of CM carbonaceous chondrites. They formed during early alteration events on their asteroidal parent bodies at an early stage of formation of the Solar System. The study of these minerals aims at better understanding the conditions in which they altered, but it would also help understanding the long term evolution of nuclear waste storage. Indeed, aqueous alteration in chondrites is considered as a good analog for iron-clay-water interactions. During this thesis, we studied the conditions of formation and stability of Fe-rich serpentines, and we paid particular attention to the evolution of the Fe valence state during alteration. Three approaches have been adopted : the synthesis of Fe-rich serpentines, the experimental alteration of chondritic assemblages at low temperature and under anoxygenic conditions, and the refinement of a themodynamic model of serpentines in the Fe2+-Fe3+-Mg-Al-Si-O-H system. This model, mostly refined using data from iron-clay experiments, gave encouraging results, and should allow to better predict equilibrium assemblages in altered chondrites. Out of equilibium processes were also experimentally explored, and our results suggest that there is a kinetic control of the precipitation of Fe-rich serpentines close to the ideal end-member. At the first stages of alteration of primary minerals under anoxic conditions, we observed poorly crystalline phases with a relatively low ferric iron content. Our result suggest that the Fe/Si ratio and the Fe3+ content favor the precipitation of serpentines. They provide interesting insight into the first stages of alteration in chondrites
Coelho, Gabriel. "Interactions entre l'écoulement des fluides, les réactions fluides-roches et la déformation : Application à la formation des épidosites océaniques de Troodos." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004382.
Full textMalvoisin, Benjamin. "Conditions réductrices associées à la serpentinisation : suivi magnétique de l'hydratation de l'olivine de San Carlos, étude de cas naturels et application à la production industrielle d'H2." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENU002/document.
Full textSlow-spreading ridges are fed by a magmatic input and the exhumation of mantle peridotites. Part of the magmatic heat is evacuated through the hydrothermal circulation which can transport seawater up to the mantle rocks. A RedOx reaction between seawater and the olivine and pyroxene from the peridotite can then take place, producing serpentine, magnetite and hydrogen. This reaction, so-called serpentinization, controls the physical and chemical properties of the oceanic lithosphere and is, thus, considered in geophysical models even if its kinetics are poorly constrained. Therefore, this study focuses on the kinetics of San Carlos olivine hydratation, a simple serpentinization reaction. An experimental method has been developed which allows monitoring magnetically the kinetics of the reaction of interest through the amount of magnetite that it produces. This method provides also an indirect estimate of the hydrogen production when coupled to thermochemical modeling. The influence of initial grain size and temperature on the hydration kinetics has also been investigated. An increase in the serpentinization rate at the beginning of the reaction is explained by the formation of microtextures also observed in natural samples (fractures and etch pits) which contribute to the generation of new reactive surface area. The inferred kinetics of serpentinization are by one to two orders of magnitude lower than the one commonly input in geophysical models. In addition to this experimental study, a natural case of RedOx reaction involving serpentinites has been studied which deals with a decimetre wide reaction zone between serpentinites and marbles from Alpine Corsica. The presence of wollastonite, CaSiO3, is explained on a petrological and thermodynamical basis as related to highly reducing conditions characterized by the presence of H2-rich fluids in this subduction zone environment. These fluids are interpreted as resulting from the conservation of the reducing potential of serpentinites throughout the subduction process
Coltat, Rémi. "Interactions fluides-roches-déformation durant l’exhumation mantellique dans les marges hyper-étendues, la nappe de Platta, Alpes suisses." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1B020.
Full textFluid-rock interactions are widespread processes on earth including divergent settings from hyper-extended margins to oceanic ridges. There, mantle rocks are exhumedto the seafloor thanks to detachment faults. In the same time, the inception of mafic magmatism occurs during asthenosphere partial melting. Coupling between activemagmatic and tectonic processes triggers hydrothermal circulation in exhuming mantle rocks. This leads to several alterations like: i) the serpentinization of mantle rocks, ii) theformation of Cu-Zn-Fe-Co-Au-Ag-rich hydrothermal mineralized systems and iii) the carbonation of mantle rocks. Mineralization represents critical resources for our technological and societal needs. Hence, studies dealing with ore-forming processes applied to oceanic hydrothermal systems are essential to unravel where and how mineralization forms. However, in present-day oceanic domains, the study of these systems is limited by the bad observation conditions at the seafloor. Hence, one way tofully understand these systems is to turn on fossil analogs preserved on-land. We adopted this strategy here and focused on a Tethyan ophiolite preserved in the Platta nappe where subsequent Alpine metamorphism and deformation had minor effect on oceanic geometries. Sulfide mineralization somewhat similar to this formed in oceanic settings occurred where the magmatic buget was high enough to trigger hydrothermal circulation. The mineralization displays peculiarities (presence of Fe-Ca-silicates, association with mafic intrusions) indicating it corresponds to the root zone of present-day mineralized systems.Geochemical signatures of the mineralization (Co/Ni ratio decrease, Se contentincrease) suggests it formed from hydrothermal fluid mixing with seawater. Subsequently, mantle rocks and basalts recorded a carbonation event under hydrothermal temperatures at about 90-130°C. Syn-tectonic carbonation was the result of serpentinized-derived fluids mixing with seawater at the serpentinite-basalt interface. These alterations reported in mantle rocks from the Platta nappe are the legacy of the diversity of fluid-rock interactions in hyper-extended margins
Pronost, Julie. "Effets de la contamination continentale et des interactions fluides-roches sur le Platreef, Complexe Igné du Bushveld, Afrique du Sud." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00077226.
Full textSur la base de critères pétrographiques et géochimiques, le Platreef apparaît beaucoup plus affecté par des phénomènes d'assimilation et de circulations de fluides. Il a été échantillonné sur 4 sites, en contact avec différentes roches encaissantes : granites Archéens, dolomies, quartzites et cornéennes. Les xénolithes calco-silicatés sont omniprésents dans ces portions du Platreef. Une contamination par des liquides de fusion partielle du granite est également mise en évidence. Les cumulats les plus affectés par l'altération se trouvent au contact des granites, qui constituent l'encaissant le plus fracturé.
À l'échelle du complexe, le rapport fluide/roche des interactions est très faible : les circulations ont été confinées à des chenaux préférentiels. Les caractéristiques isotopiques et géochimiques des fluides ne correspondent pas à celles des eaux météoritiques. Ils étaient probablement originaires des formations sédimentaires proches et ont été expulsés lors de la perturbation thermique due à la mise en place des magmas du Bushveld. Ils contenaient du chlore et du CO2 leur permettant de jouer un rôle dans la distribution des PGE.
Salardon, Roland. "Fracturation, interactions fluides-roches et circulations fluides dans un bassin en hyper-extension puis lors de son inversion : Exemple des séries mésozoïques de la Zone Nord Pyrénéenne (Chainons Béarnais, France)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0342/document.
Full textInteractions between fracturing, fluid circulations and fluid chemistry on hyper-extended margins is still poorly described as most of them are located offshore, buried underneath post-rift sediments. The southern Aquitaine basin and the northern Pyrenees constitute an appropriate case study to investigate these interactions since a model of hyper extended margin with mantle exhumation during the Lower Cretaceous subsequently inverted was recently proposed. From a field study, we here describe three main sets of fractures (set 1 to set 3). They are correlated with main stages of the geodynamic evolution of the basin corresponding to the Liassic rifting, the Aptian-Cenomanian hyper-extension, and the Pyrenean compression. Petrographic observations, Raman and micro-thermometry analysis on fluid inclusions, ICP-MS, and isotope analysis permitted to determine chemistries, temperatures, redox conditions, gas compositions, oxygen and carbon isotopic signatures, and REE contents of parent fluids for cements precipitated during each episode. In particular saddle dolomite and chlorite precipitated in set 2 fractures during the hyper-extension corresponding to the thermal peak at temperatures higher than 300°C. The isotopic signature, the high CO2 content, the occurrence of H2S and the high salinity of parent fluids suggest ascending mantle fluids percolating across Triassic evaporites. The late and post hyper-extensional phase is characterized by hydraulic brecciation in porous formations, a decrease in temperature and salinity, a decrease in mantle contribution in parent fluids, a closing of the diagenetic system during burial and a switch to reducing conditions during the precipitation of quartz, pyrite and calcite. The Pyrenean compressive phase associated with the third fracturing stage induced a reopening of the diagenetic system and favored a return to oxidizing conditions and infiltrations of meteoric fluids
Thébaud, Nicolas. "De la caractérisation des fluides aurifères par rayonnement synchroton à la géodynamique archéenne : étude des interactions fluides-roches dans un point triple de foliation archéen (Le synclinal de Warrawoona, Australie occidentale)." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066219.
Full textThe Warrawoona Syncline (Western Australia) is a key area for the understanding of Archaean tectonic and gold mineralization processes. In this study, we use a combination of field and geochemical analysis to elucidate the relationship between deformation and ore concentration. Two stages of fluid-rock interactions were recognized. The first stage involved early to syn-tectonic infiltration of seawater at low temperature and the second stage resulted in the infiltration of a mixed fluid phase of magmatic and metamorphic origin. These results indicate that ore concentration in the Warrawoona syncline is best achieved by a protracted and polyphased fluid infiltration history. Thermomechanical simulations indicate that the plumbing system associated with such a polyphased fluid-rock interaction history is best approximated in terms of a gravitational instability inducing sagduction of greenstone rocks and exhumation of granitic domes. This implies that Archaean tripe foliation junction such as the Warrawoona Syncline may be of significant importance for future gold exploration
Guerci, Alain. "Modélisation géochimique des interactions fluides-roches et du comportement de l'uranium : application à des paléo-altérations hydrothermales, et à l'environnement des sites miniers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1998_GUERCI_A.pdf.
Full textCathelineau, Michel. "Les Interactions entre fluides et roches thermométrie et modélisation, exemple d'un système géothermique actif (Los Azufres, Mexique) et d'altérations fossiles dans la chaîne Varisque /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376037063.
Full textBeaudoin, Nicolas. "Circulations de fluides et déformation cassante au front des Rocheuses : étude intégrée du bassin du Bighorn, Wyoming, USA." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066565.
Full textPaleofluid system evolution in diffuse fracture network in folds exhibits complex interplays between fluid systems and folding. New and challenging questions about the dynamic evolution of pressure, temperature and chemistry of fluids (P,T, and X) during folding were recently highlighted. To tentatively address them, this work documents the geochemistry of paleofluids that migrated in diffuse fracture sets developed in Laramide basement-cored folds in the Bighorn Basin, in the Sevier-Laramide Rocky Mountains (Wyoming, USA). These basement-cored folds exhibit fracture networks related to tectonic phases predating, postdating and coeval with Laramide tectonics. The related evolution of the fluid system is consistent at basin-scale and shows that fluid system alternated between formational fluids dominated the fluid system and moments when fracture sets enabled pulsatile migrations of hydrothermal and radiogenic fluids. The quantitative evolution of fluid overpressure in the sedimentary cover during each deformation step was also deciphered. On top of conclusions about regional evolution of paleofluid systems in the Bighorn Basin our study illustrates what are the parameters controlling the relationships between folding and the evolution of fluids. Before the strata curvature, P, T, and X conditions depend on interplay between numerous parameters, while during curvature, P, T, and X conditions are mainly controlled by the (micro-)structural evolution. Our study points out that the fracture sets and fluid migrations predating folding may have a strong impact on the P, T, and X of fluids during folding, and thus must be taken into account in studies of paleofluid systems
Malvoisin, Benjamin. "Conditions réductrices associées à la serpentinisation : suivi magnétique de l'hydratation de l'olivine de San Carlos, étude de cas naturels et application à la production industrielle d'Hú." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934238.
Full textMartz, Pierre. "Caractéristiques, chronologie et rôles des circulations fluides dans le bassin d'Athabasca et son socle : implications dans la formation et l'évolution du gisement d'uranium de Cigar Lake." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0221/document.
Full textThe main exploration targets for unconformity-related U deposits of the Athabasca Basin are the graphite-rich structures in the basement. But these are not necessarily fertile. They show distinct features expressing specific events of fluid circulations. This study aims, through a multidisciplinary approach, at unravelling the complex history of fluid flow events recorded in the vicinity of the Cigar Lake deposit. During the basement uplift, at the end of the Trans-Hudson Orogeny, the formation of ductile-brittle shear zones associated to the circulation of C-O-H-N fluids led to hydrothermal graphite enrichments and a petrophysical evolution of damages zones. These graphite-rich shear zones that were specifically weakened by the ante-Athabasca brittle reactivation have been reactivated once more after basin deposition allowing the formation of a developed damage zone especially favorable for sedimentary brine convection. Circulations of NaCl-rich brines in the basement led to brine-rock interactions, and subsequent uptake of uranium and other metals from the basement rocks. The latter have subsequently undergone strong K-Mg alteration whereas the NaCl dominated brines evolved toward a CaCl2-dominated composition with higher salinities. Finally, this thesis sets out an integrated methodology allowing to decipher the complex superimposed geochemical signatures of distinct fluid flow events on the primary uranium oxides. Five fluid flow events contributed to the present day state of the Cigar Lake deposit: a primary event of brine circulation occurred at 1290-1380 Ma and is at the origin of the main U stock; a second basin-scale event of fluid flow occurred at ca. 900 Ma, it brecciated and strongly disturbed the deposit; two later events of fluid flow strongly remobilized the deposit at ca. 340 and 220 Ma and greatly contributed to the actual state of the deposit. Finally a last, rather recent event of fluid flow was at the origin of strong chemical changes in the uranium oxides compositions and strong isotopic resetting
Maes, Pauline. "Circulations de fluides et interactions eau/roche passées et actuelles dans la pile sédimentaire du site de Meuse/Haute-Marne : apport des isotopes du Sr et conséquences." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20174.
Full textAlmeida, de Carvalho Ancilla Maria. "Evolution of the Early Cretaceous, South-Atlantic pre-salt lacustrine systems : Insights from Stratigraphic Forward and Geochemical Modeling." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS590.
Full textThe lacustrine carbonate rocks of the Barra Velha Formation (BVF), Santos Basin, present distinct composition and texture, with superimposed sedimentary and diagenetic heterogeneities, forming complex reservoirs. To better understand and predict lateral and vertical heterogeneities of the carbonate reservoirs of Santos Basin, we conduct a multidisciplinary approach, integrating sedimentological-diagenetic analyses, stratigraphic forward (process-based) modeling, and geochemical modeling. From a multiscale dataset of a field localized in the Outer High of the Santos Basin, we (1) characterized the spatial and stratigraphic distribution of the different facies and diagenetic phases and their main controlling factors, (2) evaluated the conceptual model proposed and provide the initial conditions for fluid-rock interaction model, using stratigraphic forward modeling (SFM) (3) investigated the ideal physicochemical conditions and basin fluid circulation patterns ruling the diagenetic alterations observed in the study area. The data analysis performed in this study highlights the spatial and temporal distribution of different types of Mg-clay, the main diagenetic products, and their association with different facies. The stratigraphic variations in Mg-clay distribution indicate an influence of the lake water chemistry. Furthermore, the Mg-clay alteration pattern and its diagenetic features suggest a strong control of the structural setting. The spatial and stratigraphic distribution of sedimentological and diagenetic heterogeneities indicate that the lake water’s first-order hydrochemical evolution drove the major depositional and diagenetic aspects, modulated by local factors, which enhanced the diagenetic imprint. Three main characteristics mark the lake water hydrochemical variation: an initial stage associated with a higher input of detrital content, an intermediary phase marked by higher evaporative conditions, and a final stage characterized by fluctuations of the evaporative conditions with a lower detrital contribution. In the second part of the study, we propose a stratigraphic forward model based on the depositional conceptual model and the evaluation of large-scale constraints, like subsidence and lake-level variations. The model also addresses the lake-level variations relying on the hydrologic water balance between precipitation and evaporation rate and provides insights into the evolution of hydrological zones. Through the process-based model, we propose a lateral and vertical grid of facies used to parametrize the reactive transport modeling. In the third part of the study, a series of geochemical calculations were used to estimate the diagenetic potential of different solute sources and the main paleoenvironmental controls on diagenetic modifications. The calculations show that the pH fluctuation is the main factor impacting the Mg-clay preservation, followed by the diagenetic fluids' Mg/Ca and Mg/Si ratios, and emphasize the role of pCO2 in the diagenetic alteration. In addition, the models point out the ability of different Mg-clay types to generate distinctive amounts of diagenetic products. Finally, we explore diagenetic scenarios on the BVF sag phase through reactive transport modeling, focusing on the dolomitization, silicification, and dissolution processes and addressing the impact of regional versus local fluid circulation on diagenetic alteration. The initial facies heterogeneities, intrinsically related to the depositional characteristics, have a crucial role in the evolution of the diagenetic process. The results also highlight the preferential pathways of fluid circulation and diagenetic alteration associated with Mg-clay-rich layers and facies with higher permeability alternation. The multidisciplinary approach provides a spatial view of the interplay between rock properties and possible fluid circulation patterns in the basin
Rossi, Magali. "Déformation, transferts de matière et de fluide dans la croûte continentale : application aux massifs cristallins externes des Alpes." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011146.
Full textUne étude pluridisciplinaire basée sur des observations de terrain, des analyses géochimiques et pétrologiques a été réalisée dans le massif du Mont Blanc. Des transferts de matière associés à divers degrés d'interactions fluide-roche couplés à la déformation ont été identifiés. Au cœur du massif la remontée d'un front métasomatique responsable de transformations majeures du granite (précipitation intense de biotites et de chlorites magnésiennes) implique la circulation de fluides profonds magnésiens à travers l'ensemble du massif. Le réseau de zones de cisaillement et l'épisyénitisation du granite (perte du quartz et de la biotite dans le granite situé aux épontes de veines ouvertes) apparaissent comme essentiellement contrôlés par la déformation, plutôt que par la circulation de fluides externes.
Des expériences ont été réalisées en laboratoire afin de contraindre les mécanismes supposés participer aux transferts de matière dans le massif du Mont Blanc. Des expériences de dissolution-cristallisation sous contrainte indiquent que ce processus est efficace aux conditions de la croûte supérieure sous des conditions isotropes. Un processus similaire pourrait donc être responsable de la formation des épisyénites du Mont Blanc. Une étude identique réalisée avec des billes de verre témoigne de la compétition de plusieurs processus aussi bien ductiles (plasticité, dissolution-cristallisation sous contrainte) que fragiles (fracturation). Ces expériences montrent également que la présence d'une faible quantité de fluide dans la porosité favorise la déformation. Des expériences conduites sous un gradient de température permettent de déterminer la séquence de cristallisation résultant du refroidissement d'un fluide dont la composition est tamponnée par celle du granite encaissant. La séquence de cristallisation observée expérimentalement (quartz, feldspath alcalin, mica et argile) ne correspond pas aux précipitations observées dans les zones de cisaillement, ce qui semble en accord avec l'hypothèse que les zones de cisaillement puissent se former en système presque clos, avec des interactions fluide-roche limitées. Enfin une série d'expériences a été réalisée, également sous gradient thermique, afin de quantifier le coefficient de diffusion de la silice dans l'eau pure aux conditions de la croûte moyenne.
Reuschlé, Thierry. "Les fluides et l'evolution des proprietes mecaniques des roches." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13019.
Full textCoquinot, Yvan. "Physicochimie et origine de la phase fluide impliquée dans les processus d'interactions fluide-roche au cours du métamorphisme rétrograde et de la déformation : exemple des diabases métamorphisées du massif de Rocroi." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-77.pdf.
Full textMichel, Olivier. "Caractérisation isotopique Rb/Sr et Pb/Pb des roches totales, des minéraux de remplissage de fracture et des eaux des formations sédimentaires jurassiques de Tournemire (Aveyron, France) : implications sur les interactions eau/roche passées et actuelles." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20126.
Full textMoisy, Michel. "Evolution de la perméabilité et de la circulation des fluides hydrothermaux dans une zone de cisaillement fragile." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529983.
Full textChadouli, Kheira. "Caractérisation pétrographique appliquée à la modélisation pétrolière : étude de cas." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0291/document.
Full textUnderstanding oil systems requires petrographic characterization of all elements and process that compose it. In this work, several examples of source rocks, reservoir rocks and seal from different petroleum basins have been studied in order to describe conventional petrographic methods and develop new ones. The new ones as: a program of transformation kinetic of kerogene composed of two types of organic matter, maceral analysis and microfractures study using images analysis, the diffraction X-ray and tomography allowed source rock description. As for, reservoir rocks, methods of petrophysical characterization by images analysis, MSCL Microscopy and wettability parameters permit reservoir quality description and their preservation over time due to recrystalization and dissolution phenomena, fluid flow and TSR/BSR reaction. The cap rocks studied in this thesis are those of Callovo-Ordovician argillites, using X-Ray diffraction as well as images analysis and tomography. Those methods facilitated the understanding of argillites behavior over time, their sorption/desorption ability and their reliability of nuclear waste storage. Finally, Modeling using Petromod helps to determine petroleum systems functioning. Modeling by percolation method gives results closer to oil basins reality, than by Darcy/Hybrid method
Crognier, Nemo. "Evolution thermique, circulation de fluide et fracturation associées à la structuration du bassin d’avant-pays sud-pyrénéen." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3030/document.
Full textThe Jaca basin (Spanish Pyrenees) is a classical example of a foreland basin, where the sedimentary filling and the calendar of thrust activation have been extensively studied. It remains to understand the paleohydrology and the thermal history of the basin, so as to provide a fluid flow model related to its formation and deformation (Paleoecene-Oligocene). To do this, this work proposes to analyze the distribution of fracturing, to study the conditions of formation of syn-tectonic veins and to characterize the maturity of organic matter throughout the Jaca foreland basin, from hinterland to external areas.Petrographical, geochemical and microthermometric analysis of veins show that the vast majority of mineralizing fluids are at the isotopic and thermal equilibrium with the host-rock. In detail, we identified two main events of vein precipitation in the inner part of the basin (Sierras Interiores), probably related to major basement thrust activations. We suggest that fluids flow along decollement levels and are expelled over short distances (<10 km), through fracture networks towards the foreland basin. The other part of the basin mainly record local fluids, sometimes associated with the infiltration of meteoric water. Analysis of burial temperatures (50 °C to 250 °C), which includes Δ47 data, shows a relatively homogeneous N-S organization from the Sierras Interiores (gas window) to Sierras Exteriores (immature), with strong longitudinal anomalies. Thermal 1D modelling of 9 virtual wells suggest that the maximum temperatures of Sierras Interiores result from sedimentary accumulation, whose a large amount is now eroded. We propose that this eroded thickness corresponds to late-orogenic conglomeratic deposits near the axial zone. The data suggest an inhomogeneous distribution of the deposits along an E-W axis, involving more complex sedimentary transfers than usually discussed. Given our results and previous studies, the paleohydrological and thermal model of the Jaca basin, and on a larger scale, of the South Pyrenean fold and thrust belt, is compartmentalized both in space and in time, in response to the propagation of and oblique deformational front, which controls the opening of the system. The paleohydrological and thermal model of the South Pyrenean fold and thrust belt is therefore a potential analogue to fold and thrust belt including shortening due to an oblique convergence