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Côté, Pierre. "Ethnolinguistic contact: An interactive situated approach." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7502.
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The objectives of the present research were twofold. The main objective was to study the effects of different types of social situations (very intimate vs. very task-specific), language choices made by Anglophone interlocutors (French vs. English) and subjects' ethnolinguistic vitality (French vs. English) on the language spoken by Francophones and on their perception of the interaction. A secondary goal was to develop a taxonomy of social situations representative of the everyday lives of students to serve in a study of ethnolinguistic contact. In order to achieve these objectives three studies were conducted. In the first study a total of 4753 relationships, topics of conversation and activities constituting various interpersonal situations were provided by 484 subjects. The social situations were rank-ordered by 121 student/experimenters according to their level of intimacy and task specificity. The social situations collected could be grouped into six clusters representing six levels of intimacy and task specificity. On the basis of these clusters a taxonomy of social situations was elaborated. A second study was conducted to further validate the findings obtained in the first study and to select 8 social situations to serve as stimuli in the third study. Two hundred and forty-three students from introductory psychology classes rated 20 social situations on their degree of intimacy and task specificity. The twenty social situations used as stimuli were taken from the taxonomy presented in the first study. In a third and final study, Francophone subjects' language behavior was studied by having them read four short vignettes representing an interaction between a Francophone and an Anglophone. The subjects were instructed to identify with the Francophone interlocutor represented in the vignettes and to respond in writing to the Anglophone interlocutor in the language of their choice. Depending on the experimental condition the subjects were exposed to one of four possibilities: (1) four vignettes representing very intimate situations where the Anglophone interlocutor always responded in French, (2) four vignettes representing very intimate situations where the Anglophone interlocutor always responded in English, (3) four vignettes representing very task-specific situations where the Anglophone interlocutor always responded in French, and lastly (4) four vignettes representing very task-specific situations where the Anglophone interlocutor always responded in English. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Blin, Nassime. "Planification interactive de mouvement avec contact." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19695/1/Blin.pdf.
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La conception de nouveaux produits industriels nécessite le développement de prototypes avant leur déploiement grand public. Afin d'accélérer cette phase et de réduire les coûts qui en découlent, une solution intéressante consiste a utiliser des prototypes virtuels le plus longtemps possible en particulier dans la phase de conception. Certaines des étapes de la conception consistent à effectuer des opérations d'assemblage ou de désassemblage. Ces opérations peuvent être effectuées manuellement ou automatiquement à l'aide d'un algorithme de planification de mouvement. La planification de mouvement est une méthode permettant à un ordinateur de simuler le déplacement d'un objet d'un point de départ à un point d'arrivée tout en évitant les obstacles. Le travail de recherche de cette thèse apporte des solutions pour l'interaction entre un humain et un algorithme de planification de mouvement pendant l'exploration de l'espace libre. Le temps de recherche est partagé entre l'humain et la machine selon un paramètre de partage d'autorité permettant de déterminer le pourcentage d'allocation du temps à l'une ou l'autre entité. L'utilisation de ces deux entités en même temps permet d'accélérer grandement la vitesse d'exploration par rapport à la vitesse d'un humain seul ou d'un algorithme seul. Ces travaux apportent ensuite une nouvelle méthode de planification de mouvement avec contact permettant de générer des trajectoires à la surface des obstacles au lieu de les générer uniquement dans l'espace libre. La planification au contact permet d'effectuer des opérations spécifiques telles que le glissement ou l'insertion utiles pour la résolution de problèmes de planification dans des environnements encombrés. Enfin, détecter les intentions d'un utilisateur lorsqu'il interagit avec une m achine permet de lui fournir des ordres efficacement et intuitivement. Dans le cadre de la planification interactive au contact, un algorithme de détection d'intention est proposé. Ce dernier s'appuie sur l'utilisation d'un robot haptique permettant à un opérateur de ressentir les obstacles virtuels lors de la manipulation d'un objet virtuel dans un environnement de réalité virtuelle. L'algorithme interactif s'adapte en temps réel aux actions de l'opérateur pour une exploration pertinente de la surface des obstacles. Ces travaux ont été menés en partie au laboratoire toulousain LAAS au sein de l'équipe Gepetto et en partie dans le laboratoire LGP de l'ENIT au sein de l'équipe DIDS. Nous remercions la région Midi-Pyrénées pour avoir financé ces recherches.
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Leo, Che King 1979. "Contact and free-gesture tracking for large interactive surfaces." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87261.
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Tran, Thierry. "Programmation graphique interactive de tâches non répétitives de manipulation au contact." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30223.
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Les travaux exposes dans cette these portent sur le developpement d'outils theoriques et pratiques pour la programmation et la realisation de taches de manipulation par un systeme robotise. Ils s'appliquent a des taches non repetitives et complexes, ou le robot se trouve en interaction directe avec un environnement evolutif et non specifique. Une plus grande ergonomie dans la programmation de ces taches y est aussi recherchee. L'auteur propose, dans cette optique, un outil flexible et performant de generation de trajectoire, pour une structure mecanique contrainte, composee de corps polyedriques. Il repose sur un formalisme tres general. La representation de la tache se fait sous forme de graphe a partir duquel est calcule un modele lineaire numerique. Sa resolution permet le traitement de taches incompletement specifiees, sur-contraintes ou meme incompatibles. Cette methodologie est appliquee au calcul des mouvements d'objets soumis a des contraintes de contact. Un contact est ainsi decrit de maniere naturelle en terme de relations entre entites geometriques (point, droite, plan). Une gestion methodique de chaque type de contact permet un traitement automatique de la tache, avec un calcul quasi-immediat de la trajectoire. Une deuxieme application est presentee qui traite sous la meme approche des problemes de calibrage et de repositionnement d'un objet dans l'environnement. Le travail se termine par le developpement d'un environnement de programmation graphique interactif, dedie a la commande d'un robot manipulateur, et offrant un haut niveau de description des taches. Des exemples d'applications sont presentes en fin de memoire
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Jain, Sumit. "Exploiting contacts for interactive control of animated human characters." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44817.
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One of the common research goals in disciplines such as computer graphics and robotics is to understand the subtleties of human motion and develop tools for recreating natural and meaningful motion. Physical simulation of virtual human characters is a promising approach since it provides a testbed for developing and testing control strategies required to execute various human behaviors. Designing generic control algorithms for simulating a wide range of human activities, which can robustly adapt to varying physical environments, has remained a primary challenge.
This dissertation introduces methods for generic and robust control of virtual characters in an interactive physical environment. Our approach is to use the information of the physical contacts between the character and her environment in the control design. We leverage high-level knowledge of the kinematics goals and the interaction with the surroundings to develop active control strategies that robustly adapt to variations in the physical scene. For synthesizing intentional motion requiring long-term planning, we exploit properties of the physical model for creating efficient and robust controllers in an interactive framework. The control design leverages the reference motion capture data and the contact information with the environment for interactive long-term planning. Finally, we propose a compact soft contact model for handling contacts for rigid body virtual characters. This model aims at improving the robustness of existing control methods without adding any complexity to the control design and opens up possibilities for new control algorithms to synthesize agile human motion.
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Saupin, Guillaume. "Vers la simulation interactive réaliste de corps déformables virtuels." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10108/document.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse à la simulation interactive d'objets déformables en grands déplacements. Elle aborde ce problème sous divers angles, en proposant des améliorations à tous les niveaux, de la génération du maillage au retour haptique en passant par la résolution des équations par solveurs hiérarchiques et la gestion efficaces de contacts multiples. Ainsi, après un état de l'art présentant dans le chapitre 2 les divers modèles utilisés pour modéliser des objets déformables, nous optons pour l'utilisation d'un modèle éléments finis corotationnel. Nous introduisons ensuite dans le chapitre 3 le problème de l'intégration dans le temps de ces modèles. Nous proposons dans ce cadre le concept de mailleur hiérarchique et quelques algorithmes pour améliorer les performances des solveurs hiérarchiques. Nous montrons aussi comment utiliser les ondelettes dans un cadre hiérarchique. Le chapitre 4 présente un nouveau modèle pour gérer les contacts. Ce modèle autorise la gestion de multiples contacts interactivement et en respectant les lois de Signorini et Coulomb. Ce modèle est basé sur la bonne approximation d'un modèle corotationnel élémentaire que constitue un modèle corotationnel nodal, ce qui permet l'utilisation d'une matrice de compliance approchée partiellement pré-calculée et pouvant aisément être mise à jour. Le chapitre 5 enfin, montre comment assurer un retour haptique dans le cas de la simulation de corps déformables. Nous proposons pour cela de séparer la boucle de rendu haptique de la boucle phyiqueChapter 2 is dedicated to a Computer Graphics community deformable models state of the art. This review of the main methods and models used to simulate deformable bodies will lead us to consider the Element Based Corotational Model as a good basis for our simulation. Chapter 3 deals with the resolution of the equations induced by the use of a specific mode!. We detail the explicit and implicit integration methods used to comput the deformable bodies evolution in time. We then describe the different solvers, direct, iterative, multigrid and adaptive, which can be used to solve the system created by these integration methods. These descriptions lead us to consider the multigrid solvers as a good alternative to usual solvers, though they have some limitations that we try to tackle with two new contributions. Considering the obvious link between multigrid solvers and hierarchical basis functions, we also try to incorporate them in multigrid solvers. After this chapter we have the necessary tools to bend a deformable object subject to forces. ln Chapter 4 we concentrate on the interaction between the object and its environment, i.e. the contact. Thus, we introduce the methods often met in the Computer Graphics. We show that the complementarity based methods ensure a realistic and natural behaviour. However, they require the computation of the compliance that is really time consuming. Thi is why we propose our Compliance Warping method that allows a significant speed-up. This improvement relies on the use of a compliance approximation. Finally, in chapter 5, we present the haptic feedback. We also see that the introduction of the human in the simulation loop imposes demanding constraints on the simulation frequency and stability. Literature provides solutions for the stability issue. Nonetheless, in the of deformable bodies simulation, the models complexity forbids to meet the frequency requirement. We try to overcome this difficult by spitting the physical and haptic loops
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Rentsch, C. T. "Point-of-contact interactive record linkage between demographic surveillance and health facilities to measure patterns of HIV service utilisation in Tanzania." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2018. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4650292/.
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As significant investments and efforts have been made to strengthen HIV prevention and care service provisions throughout sub-Saharan Africa, approaches to monitoring uptake of these services have grown in importance. Global HIV/AIDS organisations use routinely updated estimates of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets, which state by 2020, 90% of all people living with HIV (PLHIV) should be diagnosed, 90% of diagnosed PLHIV should be receiving treatment, and 90% of PLHIV receiving treatment should achieve viral suppression. Currently, estimates of these targets in sub-Saharan Africa use population based demographic and HIV serological surveillance systems, which comprehensively measure vital events and HIV status but rely on self-reports of health service use. In contrast, most analyses of health service use are limited to patients already diagnosed and enrolled into clinical care and lack a population perspective. This thesis aims to augment existing computer software towards a novel approach to record linkage - termed point-of-contact interactive record linkage (PIRL) - and produce an infrastructure of linked surveillance data and medical records from clinics located within a surveillance area in northwest Tanzania. The linked data are then used to investigate methodological and substantive research questions. Paper A details the PIRL software that was used to collect the data for this thesis. Paper B reviews the data created by PIRL and reports record linkage statistics, including match percentages and attributes associated with (un)successful linkage. A subset of personal identifiers was found to drive the success of the probabilistic linkage algorithm, and PIRL was shown to outperform a fully automated linkage approach. Paper C provides original evidence measuring bias and precision in analyses of linked data with substantial linkage errors. Paper D critiques the estimation of the first 90-90-90 target and shows that current guidelines may underestimate the percentage diagnosed by a relative factor of between 10% and 20%. Finally, Paper E determines that while HIV serological surveillance has increased testing coverage, PLHIV who were diagnosed for HIV in a facility-based clinic were statistically significantly more likely to register for HIV care than those diagnosed at village-level temporary clinics during a surveillance round. Once individuals were in care, there was no evidence of any further delays to treatment initiation by testing modality. The collective findings of this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of PIRL to link community and medical records and use the linked data to measure patterns of HIV service use in a population.
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Merlhiot, Xavier. "Une contribution algorithmique aux outils de simulation mécanique interactive pour la maquette numérique industrielle." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066746.
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Guébert, Christophe. "Suture en chirurgie virtuelle : simulation interactive et modèles hétérogènes." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561061.
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La médecine a été une grande motivation dans la recherche en informatique, et nous pensons que la simulation de procédures médicales sera un élément majeur de la médecine du 21e siècle. Pour ces applications, la simulation physique doit être interactive et proposer un comportement et un rendu visuel des objets simulés qui soient réalistes tout en faisant avec un temps de calcul limité. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés à la simulation du geste chirurgical de la suture, faisant interagir des modèles hétérogènes (rigides, déformables 1D et 3D) dans la reproduction d'un geste complexe. Nous proposons de modéliser ces interactions par des contraintes de complémentarité, avec une méthode générique et une résolution indépendante des types de contraintes utilisées. Cette approche a permis la mise au point de contraintes spécifiques pour créer des modèles d'interaction nouveaux. Ces contraintes ont permis une simulation complète de l'insertion d'aiguille, validée par les mesures expérimentales des travaux antérieurs, qui suit les lois physiques et s'adapte à la manipulation de l'utilisateur. Enfin, une simulation interactive très réaliste a été réalisée pour l'entraînement au geste de suture dans le cadre d'opérations laparoscopiques.
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Lacoursière, Claude. "Ghosts and machines : regularized variational methods for interactive simulations of multibodies with dry frictional contacts." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Computing Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1143.
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A time-discrete formulation of the variational principle of mechanics is used to provide a consistent theoretical framework for the construction and analysis of low order integration methods. These are applied to mechanical systems subject to mixed constraints and dry frictional contacts and impacts---machines. The framework includes physics motivated constraint regularization and stabilization schemes. This is done by adding potential energy and Rayleigh dissipation terms in the Lagrangian formulation used throughout. These terms explicitly depend on the value of the Lagrange multipliers enforcing constraints. Having finite energy, the multipliers are thus massless ghost particles. The main numerical stepping method produced with the framework is called SPOOK.
Variational integrators preserve physical invariants globally, exactly in some cases, approximately but within fixed global bounds for others. This allows to product realistic physical trajectories even with the low order methods. These are needed in the solution of nonsmooth problems such as dry frictional contacts and in addition, they are computationally inexpensive. The combination of strong stability, low order, and the global preservation of invariants allows for large integration time steps, but without loosing accuracy on the important and visible physical quantities. SPOOK is thus well-suited for interactive simulations, such as those commonly used in virtual environment applications, because it is fast, stable, and faithful to the physics.
New results include a stable discretization of highly oscillatory terms of constraint regularization; a linearly stable constraint stabilization scheme based on ghost potential and Rayleigh dissipation terms; a single-step, strictly dissipative, approximate impact model; a quasi-linear complementarity formulation of dry friction that is isotropic and solvable for any nonnegative value of friction coefficients; an analysis of a splitting scheme to solve frictional contact complementarity problems; a stable, quaternion-based rigid body stepping scheme and a stable linear approximation thereof. SPOOK includes all these elements. It is linearly implicit and linearly stable, it requires the solution of either one linear system of equations of one mixed linear complementarity problem per regular time step, and two of the same when an impact condition is detected. The changes in energy caused by constraints, impacts, and dry friction, are all shown to be strictly dissipative in comparison with the free system. Since all regularization and stabilization parameters are introduced in the physics, they map directly onto physical properties and thus allow modeling of a variety of phenomena, such as constraint compliance, for instance.
Tutorial material is included for continuous and discrete-time analytic mechanics, quaternion algebra, complementarity problems, rigid body dynamics, constraint kinematics, and special topics in numerical linear algebra needed in the solution of the stepping equations of SPOOK.
The qualitative and quantitative aspects of SPOOK are demonstrated by comparison with a variety of standard techniques on well known test cases which are analyzed in details. SPOOK compares favorably for all these examples. In particular, it handles ill-posed and degenerate problems seamlessly and systematically. An implementation suitable for large scale performance and accuracy testing is left for future work.
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Talbi, Nadjet. "Résolution du contact frottant entre objets déformables en temps réel et avec retour haptique." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419386.
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Cette thèse traite de la résolution de contacts multiples frottants entre objets déformables dans le cadre de la simulation interactive avec retour d'effort. Le contexte de ces travaux est l'apprentissage des gestes médicaux-chirurgicaux par l'intermédiaire d'une interface haptique. Dans ce type de contexte, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte la déformation des organes, les interactions organes/organes et les interactions outils/organes. Ces interactions sont du type contact avec frottements (secs ou visqueux). On utilise la Méthode des Eléments Finis appliquée aux équations de la Mécanique des Milieux Continus qui est certainement la méthode la plus rigoureuse pour modéliser le comportement linéaire ou non linéaire des tissus mous. On considère que les objets se déforment dans un état d'équilibre quasi-statique car les gestes opératoires sont lents et les objets manipulés sont de faible masse. Afin de résoudre ces équations d'équilibre quasi-statique dont les inconnues sont les forces de contact et les déplacements élastiques, on utilise la méthode incrémentale de Newton-Raphson. Plusieurs formulations, basées principalement sur le lagrangien augmentée (pseudo-potentiels, bi-potentiel), sont présentées pour modéliser les lois de contact frottant (Signorini et frottement de Coulomb) entre objets déformables dans un cadre très général (statique/dynamique, grandes déformations, schémas numériques : explicite, implicite). Afin de séparer le calcul des forces de contact du calcul des déplacements élastiques, on utilise la méthode de flexibilité laquelle permet de considérer un solveur de force de contact indépendamment du solveur des déplacements. Le solveur de forces de contact utilise des techniques de résolution numérique type " Gauss-Seidel " et " Uzawa " et permet un contrôle robuste de la solution en fonction de la précision demandée. Une version de ce solveur a été développée dans laquelle, il n'est pas nécessaire de connaître les modèles utilisés au niveau des déformations. Un simulateur temps réel avec interface haptique appelé " HapCo " a été mis au point et a permis de valider les concepts introduits dans cette thèse.
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Khundam, Chaowanan. "Evaluation de l'usage de la réalité virtuelle pour la promotion de patrimoine historique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI017/document.
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Les applications de patrimoine numérique ont été largement développées grâce aux techniques de réalité virtuelle, également appelées Virtual Museum (VM). Les appareils et les contenus numériques augmentent considérablement, ce qui permet le système d’interaction de faire immerger les utilisateurs dans la VM. Afin de développer une application interactive, une interaction est toujours définie avant la création d'une application sur la plate-forme sélectionnée. Cela dépend du contenu et des appareils, ce qui est limité s’il y a le changement d'appareil. A l’heure actuelle, les technologies de la réalité virtuelle évoluent rapidement. Une plate-forme de développement d’application doit supporter l’évolution des périphériques et optimiser les systèmes d’interaction à utiliser dans les ordinateurs virtuels. Cependant, l'organisation des périphériques et la structure du contenu sur une plate-forme ne font toujours pas l'objet d'une gestion efficace pour soutenir une interaction alternative en général.Nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthode pour développer une application de VM qui fournit un modèle de narration numérique pour créer un contenu interactif et un système d’interaction adaptatif dans lequel une application est exportable dans n’importe quel appareil. Nous fournissons aux développeurs des outils d’édition flexibles pour gérer la structure du contenu. L'utilisation des interactions sera interprétée dans une abstraction de haut niveau et exécutée sur un périphérique matériel de bas niveau où les interactions ont été adaptées. La narration spécifie le comportement d'interaction qui peut conduire à une interaction dans une scène virtuelle, même un périphérique peut être commuté. Notre système d'interaction adaptatif supporte l'identification des capacités des appareils et des attentes en matière de narration qui pourraient être sélectionnées pour un système d'apprentissage efficace et pour améliorer le niveau d'immersion. Cette mise en œuvre est utile à déployer non seulement pour le développement d'applications de patrimoine numérique, mais également pour l'ingénierie industrielle où un contenu interactif et un travail collaboratif sont nécessairesDigital heritage applications have been widely developed through Virtual Reality (VR) technologies as known as Virtual Museum (VM). Devices and digital contents are significantly increasing which support interaction system to immerse users into VM. In order to develop interactive application, interaction is always defined before creating application up to selected platform. It depends on a given content and devices which is limited when considering switching devices. Nowadays VR technologies is rapid changing, a platform to develop application should support devices changing and also to optimize interaction system to be used in VM. However, both devices organization and contents structure on a platform is still lacking efficient management to support alternative interaction in general.We proposed a novel method for developing a VM application providing digital storytelling template to create interactive content and adaptive interaction system where an application is exportable into any device. We provide flexible editing tools for developer to manage the content structure. The interaction usage will be interpreted into a high-level abstraction and run on a low-level hardware device where interactions have been adapted. Storytelling will specify interaction behavior which can drive interaction in a virtual scene even device may be switched. Our adaptive interaction system supports to identify devices capabilities and storytelling expectation which could be selected for efficiency learning system and improve level of immersion. This implementation is useful to deploy not only for the development of digital heritage applications, but also for industrial engineering where interactive content and collaborative working are required
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Sariri-Khayatzadeh, Reyhaneh. "Tear protein interaction with hydrogel contact lenses." Thesis, Aston University, 1995. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9747/.
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The design and synthesis of biomaterials covers a growing number of biomedical applications. The use of biomaterials in biological environment is associated with a number of problems, the most important of which is biocompatabUity. If the implanted biomaterial is not compatible with the environment, it will be rejected by the biological site. This may be manifested in many ways depending on the environment in which it is used. Adsorption of proteins takes place almost instantaneously when a biomaterial comes into contact with most biological fluids. The eye is a unique body site for the study of protein interactions with biomaterials, because of its ease of access and deceptive complexity of the tears. The use of contact lenses for either vision correction and cosmetic reasons or as a route for the controlled drug delivery, has significantly increased in recent years. It is relatively easy to introduce a contact lens Into the tear fluid and remove after a few minutes without surgery or trauma to the patient. A range of analytical techniques were used and developed to measure the proteins absorbed to some existing commercial contact lens materials and also to novel hydrogels synthesised within the research group. Analysis of the identity and quantity of proteins absorbed to biomaterials revealed the importance of many factors on the absorption process. The effect of biomaterial structure, protein nature in terms of size. shape and charge and pH of the environment on the absorption process were examined in order to determine the relative up-take of tear proteins. This study showed that both lysozyme and lactoferrin penetrate the lens matrix of ionic materials. Measurement of the mobility and activity of the protein deposited into the surface and within the matrix of ionic lens materials demonstrated that the mobility is pH dependent and, within the experimental errors, the biological activity of lysozyme remained unchanged after adsorption and desorption. The study on the effect of different monomers copolymerised with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) on the protein up-take showed that monomers producing a positive charge on the copolymer can reduce the spoilation with lysozyme. The studies were extended to real cases in order to compare the patient dependent factors. The in-vivo studies showed that the spoilation is patient dependent as well as other factors. Studies on the extrinsic factors such as dye used in colour lenses showed that the addition of colourant affects protein absorption and, in one case, its effect is beneficial to the wearer as it reduces the quantity of the protein absorbed.
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Fell, Benjamin Frederick. "The interaction of positive and negative intergroup contact." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f346d455-8e16-44b2-9fd1-3b8d332f0983.
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In the sixty years following Allport's (1954) formulation of the contact hypothesis, very little research has tested the effect of negative intergroup contact. In recent years, several authors (e.g., Barlow et al., 2012; Pettigrew, 2008; Pettigrew & Tropp, 2013) have expressed concern over this positivity bias within the contact literature. In particular, Barlow et al. (2012) presented evidence that negative contact may have a larger effect on prejudice than positive contact. Barlow et al. argue that this contact valence asymmetry could mean that in socially diverse environments (which provide opportunities for both positive and negative contact), negative contact could counteract (or even reverse) the beneficial effects of positive contact. However, a number of studies have shown that rather than combining additively, positive and negative contact may in fact interact (i.e., the effects of negative contact may change depending upon the level of positive contact, and vice versa, e.g., Birtel & Crisp, 2012; Christ, Ullrich, & Wagner, 2008; Paolini et al., 2014). Unfortunately, the extent of evidence for these valenced contact interactions (and indeed for valenced contact effects in general) is severely limited, making it difficult to build any degree of theoretical (or methodological) consensus. The aims of this thesis are therefore twofold: first, to expand the body of evidence for the effects of negative intergroup contact; and second, to test the possible interaction between positive and negative contact as predictors of outgroup attitudes. With these aims in mind, this thesis presents four survey studies and three experiments testing the main effects and interactions of positive and negative contact across six different contact settings. In so doing, it reports strong evidence for the existence of valenced contact interactions. Based on the profiles of these interaction effects, the thesis ends by discussing possible causal explanations, and their implications for the field of valenced contact research.
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Millender, Mallory K. "Haiti: African American contact and interaction to 1960." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1996. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3454.
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The primary purpose of this dissertation is to examine African American contact and interaction with Haiti to 1960, and to show that significant cultural products resulted from this interaction. This study examines American-Haitian relations from the American Revolution through the American Occupation of Haiti, with emphasis on the social, political, literary and cultural interaction between African Americans and Haitians. Attention is given to the migrations of Haitians to the United States and of African Americans to Haiti, as well as to African American ministers (ambassadors) to Haiti, especially Frederick Douglass. The study details the African American response to the American Occupation of Haiti from 1915 to 1934 and particularly the role of the NAACP, James Weldon Johnson, W. E. B. DuBois, Booker T. Washington and Marcus Garvey. It highlights the involvement of prominent African Americans who went to Haiti and the works that they produced as a result of their experiences in Haiti. This roster includes Langston Hughes, Clarence Cameron White, John F. Matheus, William Edouard Scott, Zora Neale Hurston, Katherine Dunham, Mercer Cook, Naomi Garrett, Alain Locke, Eldzier Cortor, Richmond Barthe, Ellis Wilson, and Lois Mailou Jones. Three appendices are attached with literary excerpts, selected biographies, and a chronology. The major conclusion of the dissertation is that all Americans and black people everywhere owe a great deal to Haiti. African Americans, whose combined wealth is said to equal that of the ninth richest nation on earth, have a particular responsibility to do a great deal more to help Haiti, the poorest country in the western hemisphere.
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Erazo, Munoz Angela Maria. "L’intercompréhension dans le contexte plurilingue de l’Université Fédérale de l’intégration Latino-Américaine (UNILA) : expériences, contact et interaction plurilingue." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL001/document.
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Nous envisageons de mener une étude sociolinguistique, en centrant notre recherche sur les procédés de communication tels qu’ils s’appliquent dans le contexte de l’expérience menée par l’UNILA (L’Université Fédérale d’Intégration Latino-Américaine) située dans la ville brésilienne de Foz do Iguaçu, Etat du Paraná. La particularité de cette Université réside dans le caractère international de la composition de ses effectifs: la moitié du corps enseignant et des étudiants est brésilienne donc lusophone et l’autre moitié hispanophone. Cette recherche portera sur l'observation et l'analyse des processus de communication entre les étudiants lusophones (Brésiliens) et hispanophones (Argentins, Paraguayens...) en relation avec la politique linguistique de l’UNILA, et en particulier le rôle actuel et potentiel de l'intercompréhension dans cette Université (quelles pratiques actuelles, quelles pratiques possibles, leurs effets, etc.) et la place que peuvent occuper le français langue étrangère et le guarani (3ème langue officielle du Mercosur) dans ce contexte. Dans cette étude de cas, nous nous intéresserions plus particulièrement à la possibilité de recourir à l’intercompréhension, même lorsque ce recours est déjà spontané, dans certains groupes de locuteurs ignorant encore tout des découvertes des chercheurs dans ce domaine. Notre recherche serait basée sur l’observation et l’analyse des processus de communication entre les étudiants de l’Université UNILA à partir des questions suivantes : • Quels sont les procédés que les étudiants et les professeurs utilisent pour communiquer dans l’environnement bilingue proposé par l’UNILA? (les opérations, les stratégies…) • Quelles sont les possibilités el les limites de l’intercompréhension comme stratégie de communication dans le contexte académique ? • Quelles expériences par rapport à un contexte académique bilingue émergent dans le discours des étudiants. Ce projet de recherche se trouve lié à l’espace MERCOSUR, mais ce travail contribuera à créer un contexte propice à l’émergence de propositions pédagogiques applicables aussi en Europe. En effet, à l’issue de ce travail de recherche il est possible de prévoir une proposition de formation dans le domaine de l’intercompréhension et dans la promotion du plurilinguismeToday, the constant mobility of populations, information, and merchandise creates the need for new ways or new types of communication. In some ways, this situation highlights the communication options available to people speaking different languages. In this field, my research aims to explore and to study the methods and strategies of communication, especially in bilingual or multilingual contexts. Because the MERCOSUR trade zone in its entirety is too large an area for a detailed study, my research focuses on analyzing the strategies of communication in a smaller academic context: the University of Latin American Integration (UNILA). This university—located in the border zone between Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay — is the first bilingual Spanish and Portuguese University in South America. This institution can certainly be considered a very rich context in which to study and observe whether mutual intelligibility can be implemented, applied, and taught as a tool for better communication and as a means of maintaining respect and the preservation of each language. In this case study, my intention is to describe the possibility and potential that mutual intelligibility can supply as a way of multilingual communication. In order to reach this aim, an ethnographical study is applied based on observation and analysis of the communication process between the students of the University UNILA following these questions: • What are the processes that students and teachers use to communicate in a bilingual environment offered by the Unila? • What opportunities and limits provide mutual intelligibility as a mode of communication in the academic context? • What experiences in relation to a bilingual academic context are emerging in the student speeches? Although this research is related to the MERCOSUR trade zone, this work could contribute to understands multilingual and educational proposals in Europe, since the streamlining of communication is a factor whose consideration is vital in order to forge stronger ties and integration among the countries. Indeed, at the end of this research our intention is also to provide a proposal and various experiences in the field of mutual intelligibility and the promotion of multilingualism
La educación, así como los modelos educativos desempeñan un papel fundamental, tanto enla difusión del plurilingüismo, como en la promoción del aprendizaje de lenguas, ycontribuyen a la integración regional, la movilidad académica y el contacto entre lenguas yculturas. Sin embargo, no parece ser una tarea fácil entender las dinámicas de este fenómeno.En la misma linea, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal la descripción de losprocesos de comunicación que se han llevado a cabo hasta ahora, en el contexto de laUniversidad Federal de Integración Latinoamericana (UNILA), mediante un estudiosociolingüístico de cuño etnográfico centrado en las experiencias lingüísticas de losestudiantes de este ámbito académico. La UNILA, localizada en Foz do Iguaçu, (en lafrontera entre Argentina, Brasil y Paraguay), es una universidad construida con base en losconceptos de integración, interdisciplinariedad, bilingüismo (portugués/español). La UNILAabrió sus puertas en 2010 para la entrada de estudiantes de varios países latinoamericanos.Estos estudiantes, que llegaron desde diversos ambientes escolares, sociales y culturales,acceden a un entorno en donde se ven enfrentados a convivir, estudiar y llevar procesos deaprendizaje en una lengua extranjera y con diversas culturas académicas, lo cual proporcionóun terreno fértil para la observación y el análisis de experiencias de comunicaciónplurilingües y de intercomprensión académica en lenguas romances
A educação assim como os modelos educativos desempenham um papel fundamental, tantona difusão do plurilinguismo, como na promoção da aprendizagem de línguas com o intuitode contribuir para a integração regional, a mobilidade acadêmica e o contato entre línguas eculturas. No entanto, não parece ser uma tarefa fácil entender as dinâmicas deste fenômeno.Nessa linha de ideias, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal a descrição dos processos decomunicação que foram desenvolvidos até o momento no contexto da Universidade Federalda Integração Latinoamericana (UNILA), mediante um estudo sociolinguístico de cunhoetnográfico centrado nas experiências linguísticas dos estudantes dessa instituição de ensino.A UNILA, localizada em Foz do Iguaçu (na fronteira entre a Argentina, Brasil e Paraguay), éuma universidade construída com base nos conceitos da integração, interdisciplinaridade ebilinguismo (português/espanhol). A referida universidade iniciou suas atividades em 2010com a entrada de estudantes de vários países latinoamericanos. Esses estudantes provenientesde diferentes ambientes escolares, sociais e culturais deparam-se com culturas acadêmicasdiversas das suas e começam a conviver, estudar e desenvolver processos deaprendizagens de uma língua estrangeira com culturas acadêmicas díspares. Essa integraçãoproporciona um terreno fértil para a observação e a análise de experiências de comunicaçõesplurilíngues e de intercompreensão acadêmica em línguas românicas
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Tekkaya, Gokhan. "Improving Interactive Classification Of Satellite Image Content." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608326/index.pdf.
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Interactive classifi
cation is an attractive alternative and complementary for automatic classi&
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cation of satellite image content, since the subject is visual and there are not yet powerful computational features corresponding to the sought visual features. In this study, we improve our previous attempt by building a more stable software system with better capabilities for interactive classi&
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cation of the content of satellite images. The system allows user to indicate a few number of image regions that contain a speci&
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c geographical object, for example, a bridge, and to retrieve similar objects on the same satellite images. Retrieval process is iterative in the sense that user guides the classi&
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cation procedure by interaction and visual observation of the results. The classi&
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cation procedure is based on one-class classi&
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cation.
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Carnell, Sarah. "Surfactant interaction and persistence at the contact lens surface." Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/37488/.
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The interaction of poloxamer and poloxamine (Pluronic® and Tetronic®) surfactants with hydrogel and silicone hydrogel contact lens surfaces is of interest for this thesis. The persistence of surfactant molecules at the lens surface can indicate how long the surface has been modified. It is therefore important to observe and characterise the surface and surfactant behaviour separately. Characterisation of the contact lenses was carried out through dehydrated sessile drop measurements and surface energy calculations. Silicone-containing materials tended to be most hydrophobic regardless of water content. Static and dynamic surface tension measurements were used to assess the surfactants and the critical micelle concentration was also observed. Pluronics® and Tetronics® do not behave as simple low molecular weight surfactants; their structure and size mean they are less mobile in solution and may be able to form mono molecular micelles. Surfactants with different molecular structure, molecular weight and hydrophobicity were used to observe how these properties affect surface tension behaviour and influence surfactant persistence. The aim of the work was observe the persistence of surfactants at the lens surface, any difference between the surfactant persistence, and the possibility to predict surfactant persistence on a lens. The ex vivo work presented here shows little distinction between surface tension measurements over time or between treated and untreated materials. It is not possible to measure in vivo surfactant persistence with surface tension techniques and therefore necessary to create in vitro models to assess surfactant behaviour. A simplified in vitro eye model was created to assess preliminary observations. These results and observations were used to progressively alter the model and create a more ‘eye-like’ system. Large hydrophobic Tetronics® were most persistent at the lens surface; hydrophobic drive was considered the most influential factor. In addition to this, the contact lens material and condition prior to surfactant treatment also had an effect on persistence. Materials containing PVP showed increased surfactant persistence, which was increased further when the lenses were dehydrated prior to surfactant treatment. Lens dehydration had no effect on persistence if PVP was not present in the lens material.
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Mukherjee, Manas. "Bubble Solid Interaction." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/78.
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The interaction of a bubble with solid surfaces, hydrophobic and hydrophilic, was investigated. When a bubble approaches towards a solid surface, a thin liquid film forms between them. The liquid in the film drains until an instability forms and film ruptures resulting in a three phase contact (TPC). Following rupture, the TPC line spreads on the solid surface. In the present study, glycerol-water solutions with varying percentages of water were used to investigate the effect of viscosity. Experiments were carried out with varying bubble size. The rupture and TPC line movement were recorded by high-speed digital video camera. The dependence of the TPC line movement on different parameters was investigated. The experimental results were compared with the existing theories for the TPC line movement. An empirical equation was developed to predict the TPC line movement. Formation or rupturing of the intervening film in case of a hydrophilic surfaces, which were glass surface cleaned by six cleaning techniques, was investigated. It was shown that a stable film forms for acid or alkali cleaning.
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Abba, Tom. "A Grammar, form and content for interactive narrative." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444494.
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Gullason, Lynda. "Engendering interaction : Inuit-European contact in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35893.
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This thesis seeks to identify the mosaic, rather than the monolithic, nature of culture contact by integrating historical and archaeological sources relating to the concept of gender roles, as they influence response within a contact situation. Specifically, I examine how the Inuit gender system structured artifact patterning in Inuit-European contact situations through the investigation of three Inuit sites in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island. These date from the 16th, 19th and early 20th centuries and represent a variety of seasonal occupations and dwelling forms.The ethnographic data suggest that Inuit gender relations were egalitarian and complementary. On this basis I hypothesize that European goods and materials were used equally by men and women. Within each gendered set of tasks, European goods and materials were differently used, according to empirically functional criteria such as the nature of the tasks.
Opportunities for and responses to European contact differed depending on the types of tasks in which Inuit women and men engaged and the social roles they played. Seasonality of occupation bears upon the archaeological visibility of gender activities.
Sixteenth-century Elizabethan contact did not alter Nugumiut gender roles, tasks, authority or status but served primarily as a source of raw material, namely wood and iron. Based on the analysis of slotted tools I suggest a refinement to take account of the overlap in blade thickness that occurs for metal and slate, and which depends on the function of the tool. I conclude that there was much more metal use by Thule Inuit than previously believed. However, during Elizabethan contact and shortly afterwards there was actually less metal use by the Nugumiut than in the prehistoric era.
Little archaeological evidence was recovered for 19th-century commercial whaling contact, (suggesting geographic marginality to European influence), or for 19th century Inuit occupation in the area. This is partly because of immigration to Cumberland Sound and because of subsequent structural remodelling of the dwellings by later occupants.
By the early 20th century, the archaeological record showed not only equal use of European material across gender but a near-ubiquitous distribution across most activity classes, even though commercial trapping never replaced traditional subsistence pursuits but only supplemented them.
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Nielsen, Torbjörn. "Electric arc-contact interaction in high current gasblast circuit breakers." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mechanics, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1275.
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Gullason, Lynda. "Engendering interaction, Inuit-European contact in Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ50180.pdf.
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THURMAN, ROBERT BRUCE. "THE CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRUS INTERACTION WITH SELECTED SURFACE CONTACT DISINFECTANTS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184104.
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The search for alternative water disinfectants to those commonly used, such as chlorine, probably began when the disadvantages of those disinfectants became known. Soluble disinfectants have short half-lives and need to be replenished periodically which requires monitoring the determination of appropriate concentrations for waters being treated. This disadvantage may be balanced by the ability to alter dose concentrations of soluble disinfectants to meet changes in demands. Maintenance of a residual disinfectant concentration which can act throughout a water distribution system is another advantage of soluble disinfectants. Disadvantages due to reaction of organic materials include the loss of disinfecting capability, health hazards related to the disinfectant and the potential loss of aesthetic water qualities such as taste, smell and color. The purpose of this study was to investigate different surface contact disinfectants which, while having an inflexible dose concentration capability and releasing no residual disinfectant concentration, do not require monitoring and do not significantly leach into the waters they contact. Powdered aluminum when mixed with a loamy sand reduces virus concentration 3-4 orders of magnitude better than controls while not significantly altering the pH or aluminum concentration of waters that pass through the soil columns. Labeled poliovirus 1 was found to adsorb onto the aluminum surface in batch experiments and undergo degradation or dissociation of the capsid proteins with release of viral fragments and clumps within 76 hours. Freon dispersion of the viral clumps showed the clumps to be non-infective. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of poliovirus 1 incubated with aluminum for 76 hours suggested degradation or dissociation of viral capsid proteins 1, 2 and 3. Magnesium peroxide and magnesium oxide, while effectively inactivating viruses, significantly increase the pH of water which they contact. Polyhalex resin and I5 resin reduce virus concentration, but release functional groups into the surrrounding water. Contact disinfectants such as aluminum, may find point-of-use application for drinking water, use in septic tank leachfields or sewage treatment infiltration basins to reduce the threat of spreading potential disease-causing organisms.
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Pong, Mona Wrenn Steven Parker. "Ultrasound and model membrane interaction /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2520.
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Wik, Malin. "Using the Wizard-of-Oz technique in requirements engineering processes : A trial in a tourism context." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-38098.
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The purpose of the study is to explore the possibility to use the experimental prototyping technique called Wizard of Oz as a requirements engineering technique in multimedia development with a focus on how to capture (and test) requirements for system responses in on-going GUI dialogues between user and system. The Wizard-of-Oz technique makes it possible to try interactive prototypes with users or in the development team without needing any programming to be conducted first. In a tourism context interactive prototypes made in the Wizard-of-Oz system called Ozlab were used to produce live answers to tourists. The prototyped information kiosk was offered as a complement to the already running tourist information website. The available surveys and web statistics regarding tourist information system could not provide non-functional requirements. Instead, three interviews and one observation were conducted, leading up to the four experiments where the WOz technique was tried as a requirements engineering technique in addition to the traditional data collection methods. The results of this study show how a graphical Wizard-of-Oz tool can be used as a complement to traditional requirements elicitation methods. The study also shows limitations to WOz based requirements engineering work; subject experts are needed in the wizard team, for example. The study also resulted in several developments of the experimental tool itself; the web feature was exploited much further than originally conceived by the Ozlab developers.
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Can, Van Hao. "Processus de contact sur des graphes aléatoires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4709/document.
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Le processus de contact est l'un des systèmes de particules en interaction les plus étudiés. Il peut s'interpréter comme un modèlepour la propagation d'un virus dans une population ou sur un réseau. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier la relation entre la structure locale du réseau et le comportement global du processus sur le réseau tout entier.Le cadre typique dans lequel on se place est celui d’une suite de graphes aléatoires $(G_n)$ convergeant localement vers un graphe limite $G$.On étudie alors le comportement asymptotique du temps d’extinction $tau_n$ du processussur $G_n$; lorsqu’initialement tous les individus sont infectés. Nous montrons sur plusieurs exemples qu’il existe unetransition de phase lorsque $lambda$ - le taux d'infection du processus - traverse une valeur critique $ lambda_c (G)$, qui ne dépend que de $G$.Plus précisément, pour certains modèles de graphes aléatoires comme le modèle de configuration, le graphe d'attachement préférentiel, le graphe géométrique aléatoire, le graphe inhomogène, nous montrons que $ tau_n $ est d'ordre soit logarithmique soit exponentiel; selon que $ lambda$ est soit inférieur ou supérieur à $lambda_c (G) $.De plus, dans certains cas, nous montrons des résultats de métastablité: en régime sur-critique, $ tau_n $ divisé par son espérance converge en loi vers une variable aléatoire exponentielle de moyenne $1$, et la densité des sites infectés reste stable (et non nulle) sur une période de temps d’ordre typiquement $tau_n$The contact process is one of the most studied interacting particle systems and is also often interpreted as a model for the spread of a virus in a population or a network. The aim of this thesis is to study the relationship of the local structure of the network and the global behavior of the contact process (the virus) on the whole network. Let $(G_n)$ be a sequence of random graphs converging weakly to a graph $G$. Then we study $tau_n$, the extinction time of the contact process on $G_n$ starting from full occupancy. We prove in some examples that there is a phase transition of $tau_n$ when $lambda$ - the infection rate of the contact process crosses a critical value $lambda_c(G)$ depending only on $G$. More precisely, for some models of random graphs, such as the configuration model, preferential attachment graph, random geometric graph, inhomogeneous graph, we show that $tau_n$ is of logarithmic (resp. exponential) order when $lambda < lambda_c(G)$ (resp. $lambda < lambda_c(G)$). Moreover, in some cases we also prove metastable results: in the super-critical regime, $tau_n$ divided by its expectation converges in law to an exponential random variable with mean $1$, and the density of the infected sites is stable for a long time
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Tavanai, Aryana. "Tracking in the context of interaction." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12960/.
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Detection, tracking and event analysis are areas of video analysis which have great importance in robotics applications and automated surveillance. Although they have been greatly studied individually, there has been little work on performing them jointly where they mutually influence and improve each other. In this thesis we present a novel approach for jointly estimating the track of a moving object and recognising the events in which it participates. The contributions are divided into three main chapters. In the first, we will introduce our geometric carried object detector which allows to detect a generic class of objects. This detector primarily uses geometric shape models instead of using pre-trained object class models and does not solely rely on protrusion regions. The second main chapter presents our spatial consistency tracker which incorporates events at a detection level within a tracklet building process. This tracker enforces spatial consistency between objects and other pre-tracked entities in the scene. Finally, in the third main chapter we present our joint tracking and event analysis framework posed as maximisation of a posterior probability defined over event sequences and temporally-disjoint subsets of tracklets. In this framework events are incorporated at a tracking level, where tracking and event analysis mutually influence and improve each other. We evaluate the aforementioned framework using three datasets. We compare our detector and spatial consistency tracker against a state-of-the-art detector by providing detection and tracking results. We evaluate the tracking performance of our joint tracking and event analysis framework using tracklets from two state of the art trackers, and additionally our own from our spatial consistency tracker; we demonstrate improved tracking performance in each case due to jointly incorporating events within the tracking process, while also subsequently improving event recognition.
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Horton, A., A. Blakely, and Laura Robertson. "The Interactive Notebook: Promoting Literacy in the Content Areas." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/774.
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Lovett, Tom. "Sensing and interactive intelligence in mobile context aware systems." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582795.
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The ever increasing capabilities of mobile devices such as smartphones and their ubiquity in daily life has resulted in a large and interesting body of research into context awareness { the `awareness of a situation' { and how it could make people's lives easier. There are, however, diculties involved in realising and implementing context aware systems in the real world; particularly in a mobile environment. To address these diculties, this dissertation tackles the broad problem of designing and implementing mobile context aware systems in the eld. Spanning the elds of Articial Intelligence (AI) and Human Computer Interaction (HCI), the problem is broken down and scoped into two key areas: context sensing and interactive intelligence. Using a simple design model, the dissertation makes a series of contributions within each area in order to improve the knowledge of mobile context aware systems engineering. At the sensing level, we review mobile sensing capabilities and use a case study to show that the everyday calendar is a noisy `sensor' of context. We also show that its `signal', i.e. useful context, can be extracted using logical data fusion with context supplied by mobile devices. For interactive intelligence, there are two fundamental components: the intelligence, which is concerned with context inference and machine learning; and the interaction, which is concerned with user interaction. For the intelligence component, we use the case of semantic place awareness to address the problems of real time context inference and learning on mobile devices. We show that raw device motion { a common metric used in activity recognition research { is a poor indicator of transition between semantically meaningful places, but real time transition detection performance can be improved with the application of basic machine learning and time series processing techniques. We also develop a context inference and learning algorithm that incorporates user feedback into the inference process { a form of active machine learning. We compare various implementations of the algorithm for the semantic place awareness use case, and observe its performance using a simulation study of user feedback. For the interaction component, we study various approaches for eliciting user feedback in the eld. We deploy the mobile semantic place awareness system in the eld and show how dierent elicitation approaches aect user feedback behaviour. Moreover, we report on the user experience of interacting with the intelligent system and show how performance in the eld compares with the earlier simulation. We also analyse the resource usage of the system and report on the use of a simple SMS place awareness application that uses our system. The dissertation presents original research on key components for designing and implementing mobile context aware systems, and contributes new knowledge to the eld of mobile context awareness.
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Tyfour, Wa'il Radwan Ali. "Interaction between wear and rolling contact fatigue in pearlitic rail steels." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34715.
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The work presented in this thesis is aimed at investigating the interaction between wear and rolling contact fatigue, which are two of the most serious forms of deterioration caused by the wheel on rail contact stresses. Wheel-rail contact conditions were simulated by a two disc contact using the LEROS (LEicester university ROlling-Sliding wear testing machine). Investigation of the wear behaviour of BS11 pearlitic rail steel showed that steady state wear behaviour is established after a certain number of rolling-sliding cycles. Contact surface failure by ratchetting (accumulation of unidirectional plastic strain) was found to be the dominant failure mechanism during the period leading to the steady state. This mechanism was confirmed by the drop in the wear rates when the direction of rolling-sliding; i.e. strain in the surface layer, was reversed at predetermined numbers of cycles. The effect of repeated rolling direction reversals on crack morphology, propagation and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life of BS11 rail steel was also investigated. It was established that rolling direction reversal has a beneficial effect on RCF life. A new mechanism, the "variable crack face friction mechanism", was proposed to explain this effect. Interaction between wear and RCF fatigue was investigated through rolling-sliding experiments where specimens were run dry for certain number of cycles, to induce different levels of wear damage, before the fatigue performance was investigated. It was shown that initial dry cycles above a critical number causes sudden and significant deterioration in RCF life. This deterioration has been explained in terms of the role of the accumulation unidirectional plastic strain (ratchetting) in initiating and propagating the early cracks during the dry phase. A strong correlation was found between the total ratchetting strain induced during the dry phase and the deterioration in RCF life. An empirical relationship to estimate this deterioration was concluded.
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Algarín, Fernando Enrique Serna [UNESP]. "Symmetry-preserving contact interaction model for hadron structure and quark matter." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152474.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Nesta tese empregamos um modelo de interação de contato que preserva simetrias para estudar estrututura hadrônica e matéria de quarks. A interação de contato é uma representação de kernels não perturbativos usados em equações de Dyson-Schwinger e Bethe-Salpeter da Cromodinâmica Quântica (QCD). A ideia básica do modelo está baseada num esquema de subtração que evita passos tradicionais no cálculo de de integrais divergentes que invariavelmente levam a violações de simetrias. Em temperatura zero, as equações de Dyson-Schwinger equation para os propagadores dos quarks u; d; s and c são resolvidas e amplitudes de estado ligado de Bethe-Salpeter, que respeitam a invariância sob translações espaço-temporais e as identidades de Ward-Takahashi associadas com simetrias globais da QCD, são obtidas para calcular as massas e as constantes de decaimento eletrofracas dos mésons pseudoscalares π; K, D e Ds e dos mésons vetorias ρ, K*, D* e Ds*. As predições do modelo estão em bom acordo com dados experimentais e da QCD na rede. Em adição, estendemos o modelo para temperaturas diferentes de zero; neste caso, o problema de violação de simetrias está restrito apenas às partes puramente divergentes porque os termos que dependem das distribuições térmicas são finitas e não requerem regularização. Finalmente, investigamos a dependência com a temperatura das contribuições das flutuações quânticas quark-π e quark-σ aos coeficientes de transporte de viscosidade de cisalhamento η e volumétrica ζ e as suas razões com a densidade de entropia s. As larguras térmicas originárias dessas fluctuações são calculadas com o formalismo de teoria de campos a temperatura finita de tempo real. Para esse cálculo, empregamos os resultados obtidos com as equações de Dyson-Schwinger e Bethe-Salpeter para a dependência com a temperatura das massas dos mésons e as contantes de acoplamento quark-méson. Os resultados para as razões η/s and ζ/s estão em bom acordo com resultados com a literatura obtidos com modelos e técnicas diferentes. Em particular, nossos resultados para η/s possuem um mínimo muito próximo ao limite inferior da conjectura AdS/CFT, η/s = 1/4π.
In thesis, a symmetry-preserving contact interaction model is used to study hadron structure and quark matter. The contact interaction is a representation of nonperturbative kernels used in Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The basic idea of the model is based on a subtraction scheme that avoids standard steps in the evaluation of divergent integrals that invariably lead to symmetry violation. At zero temperature, the Dyson-Schwinger equation is solved for the u; d; s and c quark propagators and the boundstate Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes respecting spacetime-translation invariance and the Ward-Green-Takahashi identities associated with global symmetries of QCD are obtained to calculate masses and electroweak decay constants of the pseudoscalar π; K, D and Ds and vector ρ, K*, D*, and Ds* mesons. The predictions of the model are in good agreement with available experimental and lattice QCD data. In addition, we extend the model to nonzero temperature; here, the problem of symmetry violation is associated only with the purely divergent parts because the effects due to the termal distributions are finite and do not need regularization. We compute the temperature dependence of the masses and decay constants of the pseudoscalar mesons considered here. Finally, we have investigated the temperature dependence of the contributions of quark-π and quark-σ quantum fluctuations to the transport coefficients of shear η and bulk ζ viscosities and their ratios to the entropy density s. The quark thermal widths originating those fluctuations are calculated with the formalism of real-time thermal field theory. For these calculations, we have used the results obtained via Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations for the temperature dependence of constituent quark and meson masses and quark-meson couplings. The results for the ratios η/s and ζ/s are in fair agreement with results of the literature obtained from different models and techniques. In particular, our result for η/s has a minimum very close to the conjectured AdS/CFT lower bound, η/s = 1/4π.
CNPq:140041/2014-1
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Algarín, F. E. S. (Fernando Enrique Serna). "Symmetry-preserving contact interaction model for hadron structure and quark matter /." São Paulo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152474.
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Orientador: Gastão Inácio kreinCoorientador: Bruno El-Bennich
Banca: Lauro Tomio
Banca: Juan Pablo Carlomagno
Banca: Sidney dos Santos Avancini
Banca: Kazuo Tsushima
Resumo: Nesta tese empregamos um modelo de interação de contato que preserva simetrias para estudar estrututura hadrônica e matéria de quarks. A interação de contato é uma representação de kernels não perturbativos usados em equações de Dyson-Schwinger e Bethe-Salpeter da Cromodinâmica Quântica (QCD). A ideia básica do modelo está baseada num esquema de subtração que evita passos tradicionais no cálculo de de integrais divergentes que invariavelmente levam a violações de simetrias. Em temperatura zero, as equações de Dyson-Schwinger equation para os propagadores dos quarks u; d; s and c são resolvidas e amplitudes de estado ligado de Bethe-Salpeter, que respeitam a invariância sob translações espaço-temporais e as identidades de Ward-Takahashi associadas com simetrias globais da QCD, são obtidas para calcular as massas e as constantes de decaimento eletrofracas dos mésons pseudoscalares π; K, D e Ds e dos mésons vetorias ρ, K*, D* e Ds*. As predições do modelo estão em bom acordo com dados experimentais e da QCD na rede. Em adição, estendemos o modelo para temperaturas diferentes de zero; neste caso, o problema de violação de simetrias está restrito apenas às partes puramente divergentes porque os termos que dependem das distribuições térmicas são finitas e não requerem regularização. Finalmente, investigamos a dependência com a temperatura das contribuições das flutuações quânticas quark-π e quark-σ aos coeficientes de transporte de viscosidade de cisalhamento η e volumétrica ζ e as... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In thesis, a symmetry-preserving contact interaction model is used to study hadron structure and quark matter. The contact interaction is a representation of nonperturbative kernels used in Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The basic idea of the model is based on a subtraction scheme that avoids standard steps in the evaluation of divergent integrals that invariably lead to symmetry violation. At zero temperature, the Dyson-Schwinger equation is solved for the u; d; s and c quark propagators and the boundstate Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes respecting spacetime-translation invariance and the Ward-Green-Takahashi identities associated with global symmetries of QCD are obtained to calculate masses and electroweak decay constants of the pseudoscalar π; K, D and Ds and vector ρ, K*, D*, and Ds* mesons. The predictions of the model are in good agreement with available experimental and lattice QCD data. In addition, we extend the model to nonzero temperature; here, the problem of symmetry violation is associated only with the purely divergent parts because the effects due to the termal distributions are finite and do not need regularization. We compute the temperature dependence of the masses and decay constants of the pseudoscalar mesons considered here. Finally, we have investigated the temperature dependence of the contributions of quark-π and quark-σ quantum fluctuations to the transport coefficients of shear η and bulk ζ viscosities and t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Hurstel, Alexandre. "Approche pour une interaction intuitive et sans contact en bloc opératoire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD032.
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En chirurgie contemporaine, la visualisation des données médicales joue un rôle crucial, sous forme d'images 2D ou 3D, aussi bien en pré-opératoires, qu'en per-opératoires où la stérilité doit y être préservée à tout instant. Un système d'interaction sans-contact, faciliterait grandement la preservation de la stérilité. Ici nous détaillons notre approche méthodologique pour concevoir un tel système. Le cas d'usage pratique pris en référence par notre travail est une opération de laparoscopie et le logiciel courament associé. Une analyse de la problématique, du cas d'usage et de sa contextualisation nous a permis d'élaborer une méthodologie, concrétisée en une phase exploratoire formalisée, et une phase expérimentale. Cette dernière, elle-même découpée en 2 temps: une étape visant des sujets “ tout-venants ” permettant d'extraire un vocabulaire d'intuitions génériques, ensuite affiné en utilisant les retours des sujets “ experts ”In modern surgery, the visualization of medical data plays a crucial role, in the form of 2D or 3D images, both in per-op and pre-op, where sterility must be preserved at all times. A touchless interaction system would greatly facilitate the preservation of sterility. Here we detail our methodological approach to design such a system. The practical use case referred to in our work is a laparoscopic operation and the case of use associated software. After analysizing the problem, the use case and its contextualization we developped a methodology, which was concretized in a formal exploratory phase and an experimental phase. The latter, itself divided into two stages: a stage aimed at "all-coming" subjects allowing us to extract a generic intuition vocabulary, which is then refined using feedback from "expert" subjects
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Le, Garrec Jérémie. "Simulation interactive multimodale pour le prototypage virtuel." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066346.
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Cette étude propose des outils algorithmiques intervenant dans des problèmes de manipulation d'objets virtuels. La résolution des contacts entre ces objets est primordiale car elle contribue au réalisme physique. Afin d'aider l'utilisateur, il est également envisagé de lui fournir une perception accrue de la nature de ces contacts, en employant diverses modalités sensorielles, comme le rendu visuel, sonore ou haptique. On nomme ce système multimodal. Parallèlement, les modélisations par nuages de points connaissent un regain d'intérêt. Il semble intéressant de les employer dans des simulations industrielles lorsque l'on ne possède pas de maillage des géométries. Cette étude propose une approche permettant de résoudre les contacts entre des objets faiblement déformables et en temps interactif sur ce type de représentation. On propose également une méthode de détection de collision qui traite les discontinuités, arêtes et coins, sur des nuages de points. Enfin ce travail aborde la synthèse d'un retour sonore réaliste de la nature des contacts. Cette étude met en oeuvre un tel système et propose des optimisations lors de la génération du flux sonore.
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Huang, Ju-Yu. "Interactive Web-based Exploration for Hydrological Data." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306822602.
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Kister, Ulrike. "Interactive Visualization Lenses:." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-236782.
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Information visualization is an important research field concerned with making sense and inferring knowledge from data collections. Graph visualizations are specific techniques for data representation relevant in diverse application domains among them biology, software-engineering, and business finance. These data visualizations benefit from the display space provided by novel interactive large display environments. However, these environments also cause new challenges and result in new requirements regarding the need for interaction beyond the desktop and according redesign of analysis tools. This thesis focuses on interactive magic lenses, specialized locally applied tools that temporarily manipulate the visualization. These may include magnification of focus regions but also more graph-specific functions such as pulling in neighboring nodes or locally reducing edge clutter. Up to now, these lenses have mostly been used as single-user, single-purpose tools operated by mouse and keyboard. This dissertation presents the extension of magic lenses both in terms of function as well as interaction for large vertical displays. In particular, this thesis contributes several natural interaction designs with magic lenses for the exploration of graph data in node-link visualizations using diverse interaction modalities. This development incorporates flexible switches between lens functions, adjustment of individual lens properties and function parameters, as well as the combination of lenses. It proposes interaction techniques for fluent multi-touch manipulation of lenses, controlling lenses using mobile devices in front of large displays, and a novel concept of body-controlled magic lenses. Functional extensions in addition to these interaction techniques convert the lenses to user-configurable, personal territories with use of alternative interaction styles. To create the foundation for this extension, the dissertation incorporates a comprehensive design space of magic lenses, their function, parameters, and interactions. Additionally, it provides a discussion on increased embodiment in tool and controller design, contributing insights into user position and movement in front of large vertical displays as a result of empirical investigations and evaluationsInformationsvisualisierung ist ein wichtiges Forschungsfeld, das das Analysieren von Daten unterstützt. Graph-Visualisierungen sind dabei eine spezielle Variante der Datenrepräsentation, deren Nutzen in vielerlei Anwendungsfällen zum Einsatz kommt, u.a. in der Biologie, Softwareentwicklung und Finanzwirtschaft. Diese Datendarstellungen profitieren besonders von großen Displays in neuen Displayumgebungen. Jedoch bringen diese Umgebungen auch neue Herausforderungen mit sich und stellen Anforderungen an Nutzerschnittstellen jenseits der traditionellen Ansätze, die dadurch auch Anpassungen von Analysewerkzeugen erfordern. Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit interaktiven „Magischen Linsen“, spezielle lokal-angewandte Werkzeuge, die temporär die Visualisierung zur Analyse manipulieren. Dabei existieren zum Beispiel Vergrößerungslinsen, aber auch Graph-spezifische Manipulationen, wie das Anziehen von Nachbarknoten oder das Reduzieren von Kantenüberlappungen im lokalen Bereich. Bisher wurden diese Linsen vor allem als Werkzeug für einzelne Nutzer mit sehr spezialisiertem Effekt eingesetzt und per Maus und Tastatur bedient. Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit präsentiert die Erweiterung dieser magischen Linsen, sowohl in Bezug auf die Funktionalität als auch für die Interaktion an großen, vertikalen Displays. Insbesondere trägt diese Dissertation dazu bei, die Exploration von Graphen mit magischen Linsen durch natürliche Interaktion mit unterschiedlichen Modalitäten zu unterstützen. Dabei werden flexible Änderungen der Linsenfunktion, Anpassungen von individuellen Linseneigenschaften und Funktionsparametern, sowie die Kombination unterschiedlicher Linsen ermöglicht. Es werden Interaktionstechniken für die natürliche Manipulation der Linsen durch Multitouch-Interaktion, sowie das Kontrollieren von Linsen durch Mobilgeräte vor einer Displaywand vorgestellt. Außerdem wurde ein neuartiges Konzept körpergesteuerter magischer Linsen entwickelt. Funktionale Erweiterungen in Kombination mit diesen Interaktionskonzepten machen die Linse zu einem vom Nutzer einstellbaren, persönlichen Arbeitsbereich, der zudem alternative Interaktionsstile erlaubt. Als Grundlage für diese Erweiterungen stellt die Dissertation eine umfangreiche analytische Kategorisierung bisheriger Forschungsarbeiten zu magischen Linsen vor, in der Funktionen, Parameter und Interaktion mit Linsen eingeordnet werden. Zusätzlich macht die Arbeit Vor- und Nachteile körpernaher Interaktion für Werkzeuge bzw. ihre Steuerung zum Thema und diskutiert dabei Nutzerposition und -bewegung an großen Displaywänden belegt durch empirische Nutzerstudien
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Vaillant, Joris. "Programmation de mouvements de locomotion et manipulation pour robots humanoïdes et expérimentations." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS065/document.
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Cette thèse propose une approche pour générer un mouvement corps complet avec contacts non coplanaires, permettant à un robot de se déplacer dans un environnement, de manipuler des objets complexes ou de collaborer avec différents agents. Les méthodes développées dans cette thèse tentent de prendre en compte une grande variété de robots, de l'humanoïde au manipulateur à base fixe en passant par les objets sous actionnés. En premier lieu, nous abordons le problème du choix des positions des points de contacts qu'un robot sous-actionné doit prendre pour se déplacer dans l'environnement. Nous calculons, en un seul problème d'optimisation non-linéaire, une séquence de postures qui satisfait une séquence de contacts donnés. Cette formulation permet de trouver la position des contacts optimale, car le choix de la position d'un contact d'une posture va prendre en compte les postures précédentes et suivantes. Elle permet aussi d'effectuer des tâches pour certaines postures qui prendront en compte l'aspect prioritaire du déplacement. Nous introduisons ensuite une méthode de génération de mouvement qui, en se basant sur la programmation quadratique, permet de résoudre le problème de géométrie inverse et de la dynamique inverse pour un robot à base fixe ou mobile, tout en satisfaisant des contraintes d'égalités et d'inégalités.Cette génération de mouvement est assez rapide pour fonctionner à la vitesse de la boucle de contrôle des robotsHRP2-10 et HRP4, et peut donc être utilisé en temps réel. À l'aide d'une machine à état, nous transformons la séquence de postures calculée à priori en une série de tâches à effectuer par le générateur de mouvement, ce qui permet à notre robot de se déplacer dans un environnement complexe. Nous étendons alors notre méthode de génération de mouvement pour calculer la commande d'un nombre arbitraire de robots. Cette extension nous permet de gérer des tâches de manipulation d'objets complexes, de collaboration entre plusieurs agents et de mouvement dans un environnement dynamique. Nous pouvons aussi spécifier directement les tâches dans le repère de l'objet manipulé pour faciliter l'élaboration de notre consigne. Dans l'optique de valider cette méthode sur un robot réel, nous formulons le problème d'estimation des paramètres inertiels d'un objet manipulé grâce à l'algèbre vectorielle spatiale. Finalement, nous validons nos travaux sur les robots HRP2-10 et HRP4. Sur le premier robot, nous validons la génération de posture et la génération de mouvement mono-robot sur le scénario demonté d'une échelle verticale aux normes industrielles. La manipulation d'objets et l'estimation des paramètres inertiels sont validées par la suite sur le robot HRP4This PhD proposes a whole body motion generation approach with non coplanar contacts that allowsa robot to move in an environment, manipulate complex objects or collaborate with differentagents.Methods developed in this PhD try to manage many kinds of robots, from the humanoid to thefixed base manipulator and also handling underactuated objects.Firstly, we address the problem contacts positioning that an underactuated robot should taketo move in its environment.We compute in one non-linear optimization problem a sequence of postures that fulfill aninputed contact list. This formulation allows to find the optimal contact placement regardingprevious and next stances. It also allows to execute a task for some posture while taking into accountthe priority of the motion.Next, we introduce a motion generation method that uses quadratic programming to solveinverse kinematics and dynamics problems for a fixed or mobile base robot under equality andinequality constraints.This motion generation is fast enough to fit the HRP2-10 and HRP4 control loop andcan be used in real-time.With a finite state machine we turn the posture sequence into a list of tasks that should beexecuted by the motion generation to allow a robot to move in a complex environment.We extend this motion generation scheme to compute the motion of an arbitrary number of robots.This extension allows us to manage complex object manipulation tasks, multi-agent collaboration andmotion in a dynamic environment. We can also specify a task in the manipulated object frameto ease motion design.To validate this method on a real robot, we formulate inertial parametersestimation of manipulated objects with spatial vector algebra.Finally, we validate our works on the HRP2-10 and HRP4 robot. On the first one,we validate the posture and mono-robot motion generation on a scenario where the robot climbs anindustry standard vertical ladder.On the second one, we validate object manipulation and inertial parameters estimation
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Malinowski, Tuhiti. "Electroluminescence à l'échelle du contact métallique ponctuel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4030/document.
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Cette thèse expérimentale traite de l'électroluminescence de contacts atomiques en or. Les contacts métalliques ponctuels sont formés et pilotés à l'aide d'un dispositif de jonction brisée contrôlée mécaniquement. Les contacts sont formés à partir d'un fil d'or et sont étudiés à la température ambiante.L'électroluminescence est observée dans le visible au travers d'un microscope optique. Le détecteur est une caméra sensible en silicium. Pour l'analyse du spectre émis, un dispositif dispersif en ligne a été spécifiquement développé. Pour l'infrarouge, le détecteur photovoltaïque monocanal est en InAsSb.Nos mesures électriques et optiques simultanées permettent de sonder la physique des interactions entre électrons et photons à l'échelle nanométrique. L'électroluminescence est attribuée à l'émission spontanée d'un nanogaz à haute température d'électrons chauds, conséquence des fortes densités de courant. Cette haute température électronique est fonction des conditions opératoires. Pour ces nanojonctions d'or, nos expériences nous permettent d’en proposer une expression analytique simple.Ces travaux complètent des expériences similaires menées depuis le début des années 2000. Ils sont discutés dans le cadre d'un modèle développé pour expliquer l'émission d'électrons chauds à partir de films métalliques granulaires. Nous discutons de la physique d’échauffement du gaz d’électron en rapprochant nos résultats d'expériences pompe/sonde femtoseconde interrogeant la dynamique des électrons hors équilibre dans des nanobilles d'or ainsi que d'expériences de transport en physique mésoscopique menées à très basse températureThis experimental thesis deals with electroluminescence from gold atomic point contacts. Metallic point contacts are formed and driven with a home-made mechanically controlled break junction device. The nanojunctions are made from gold wires. Experiments are performed at room temperature and in air.Electroluminescence is observed in the visible range with an infinity corrected inverted optical microscope. The detector is a high sensitivity silicon camera. To perform spectral analysis, a dispersive on-line device has been developed to be inserted directly within the microscope. A reflective objective collects infrared photons and focuses them onto an InAsSb photovoltaic cooled detector.Our simultaneous electrical and optical measurements allow us to investigate the physics of electrons and photons interactions at the nanometric scale. Electroluminescence is explained by the spontaneous emission of a hot electron nano-gas favoured by huge current densities. This high electron temperature depends on operating conditions. For gold ballistic nanojunctions, our results lead us to propose a simple expression of this temperature. This work extends similar electroluminescence studies performed since the early 2000’s. The results are discussed in this context and in the framework of a model first introduced to account for hot electron emission from thin granular metallic films. Moreover, we discuss the physics leading to the hot electron gaz with the support of pump/probe femtosecond experiments probing the nonequilibrium electron dynamics in gold nanosphere and with the support of low temperature mesoscopic transport experiments
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Fort, Megan. "Inclusive Recreation: The Malleability of Attitudes Toward Disability Through Peer Interaction." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5687.
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This study explored the malleability of attitudes with the goal of improving social inclusion for a stigmatized group, specifically individuals with developmental disabilities. Contact Theory was used as an intentional structure for meaningful intergroup contact to assess, understand, and improve meanings applied to individuals with disabilities at an inclusive summer day camp. Adolescent volunteers were administered quantitative questionnaires utilizing the Contact with Disabled Persons Scale (CDP) and the Multi-Dimensional Attitude Scale (MAS). Collected data were used to determine the efficacy of involvement in an inclusive recreation program on adolescent participants' attitudes toward disability. After a covariate-adjusted regression analysis, contact with individuals with disabilities was found to significantly predict change in attitudes toward disability. Dyadic interviews were held after camp participation to provide additional sources of data with potential for deeper understanding of the camp experience for the volunteers. The data suggested participants perceived camp as a setting for the development of reciprocal relationships with peers who have developmental disabilities. These relationships further framed participants' understanding of the experience as fun, difficult, and resulting in perceived personal change. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Komarova, Maria. "Interactive technologies on art museum websites." Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18947.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Communications Studies
Gregory Paul
This report investigates how American art museums have adopted interactive technologies on their websites. The use of such technologies brings to the forefront a tension regarding authority over visitors’ experience of and interpretation of art both in person and online. Interactive tools on 15 art museum websites were coded as enabling one of three types of interaction: human-to-computer, human-to-human and human-to-content. Human-to-computer interactive features were most prevalent on museum websites, followed by human-to-human and human-to-content interactive technologies respectively. The findings demonstrate a tension between the goals of art museums in wanting to engage visitors in co-creation of meaning about art on the one hand and wanting to maintain their traditional authority over that meaning on the other. The report concludes by offering recommendations for how museums can use interactive technologies more effectively in order to maintain their role as centers of social and cultural life.
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Ezanno, François. "Systèmes de particules en interaction et modèles de déposition aléatoire." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796271.
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Les résultats de cette thèse sont composés de trois parties relativement indépendantes. Dans la première partie, nous reprenons le problème de la définition d'une classe de processus markoviens à une infinité de coordonnées (systèmes de particules en interaction). Nous en proposons une construction ne mettant en jeu ni d'analyse fonctionnelle (ou peu), ni de problème de martingale. Ceci est fait en utilisant des outils probabilistes élémentaires, notamment des couplages adéquats. On fait pour cela une certaine hypothèse sur les taux individuels de transition, qui a été déjà exploitée dans la construction de T. M. Liggett (1972) notamment. Notre construction a l'avantage d'expliquer, plus concrètement que dans les autres constructions, le caractère naturel de cette hypothèse. \\Dans une seconde partie, nous considérons un modèle de croissance cristalline introduit par D. J. Gates et M. Westcott en 1987, où des particules du milieu environnant s'agrègent à la surface d'un cristal à maille carrée. Le modèle est caractérisé par des taux de déposition en chaque site qui prennent une certaine forme. Nos résultats portent principalement sur la question de la récurrence et de la récurrence positive de la surface du cristal en fonction de certains paramètres. Nous montrons notamment l'existence d'une zone de paramètres dans laquelle transience et récurrence positive coexistent, et suspectée de présenter un phénomène critique. La troisième partie porte sur la question de la convergence en loi pour le processus de contact (sur Z) sous-critique vu du bord, partant d'une demi-droite de sites occupés. Nous donnons dans un premier temps une démonstration alternative d'un résultat récent de E. D. Andjel, pour la convergence en loi dans la percolation 2D orientée qui est un équivalent discret du contact. Nous établissons un résultat en relation : le processus de contact vu du bord, sur les configurations finies, admet une limite de Yaglom. Enfin nous mettons en évidence les difficultés à surmonter pour adapter le résultat d'Andjel au temps continu.
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Wu, Xiangran. "Investigating Chinese audience-consumers' responses towards TV character fashion content : a study of second screen communication context." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-chinese-audienceconsumers-responses-towards-tv-character-fashion-content-a-study-of-second-screen-communication-context(e814944c-ec3c-41e5-9f0f-f826b7c6fb9c).html.
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Second-screen viewing - the use of smartphones, tables and laptops while watching television program - has increased dramatically in the last few years, which multi-screen usage could be considered as a new opportunity for marketing communication. This study will investigate the social media (as second screen) communication effects of TV drama series focussing on the effectiveness of characters' fashion content in leading to consumers' impulsive buying. Narrative transportation theory, use and gratification theory, flow theory, social comparison theory and para-social theory are developed and adopted in an S-O-R framework in this study. A quantitative research approach will be used to conduct online survey focusing China second screen marketing phenomenon. Results of the study provide a guide to understand the newly emerging second screen process with theoretical and managerial perspectives.
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Northcutt, Miriam J. "Re-Visiting the Contact Hypothesis: College Students' Attitudes and Patterns of Interaction." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1131651056.
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Chen, Jyh-shing. "Human haptic interaction with soft objects : discriminability, force control, and contact visualization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41013.
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Bourgeois, Jacky. "Interactive demand-shifting in the context of domestic micro-generation." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S141/document.
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La combinaison de l'internet des objets et des nouvelles technologies liées à l'énergie transforme le paysage de l'énergie dans la maison. Les installations de micro générateurs, dominées par les panneaux solaires photovoltaïques, sont en constante progression. C'est une opportunité pour la création et l'altération des comportements énergétiques. Cependant, ces transformations créent également un nouveau challenge que l'on appelle le « différentiel énergétique » à l'échelle de la maison : la consommation et la génération d'électricité des ménages sont désynchronisées. En effet, la génération locale est majoritairement incontrôlable et dépendante des conditions météorologiques alors que la consommation des ménages à tendance à se concentrer en soirée. Cette thèse vise à comprendre et supporter les pratiques de déplacement des consommations émergentes dans les ménages équipés de panneaux solaires photovoltaïques. En particulier, nous observons « Comment les outils numériques peuvent-ils tirer parti des pratiques de déplacement des consommations dans le contexte de micro génération domestique ? ». Pour adresser cette question nous avons combiné des approches empiriques et d'ingénierie, se renforçant et s'informant mutuellement les unes et les autres pour fournir une solution générale. Cela inclut la collection de données qualitatives et quantitatives, des analyses en collaboration avec les participants, des études longitudinales, des interviews, du co-design, des simulations et des tests en condition réelles. Tout au long de cette thèse, nous avons utilisé une méthodologie centrée sur l'utilisateur à chaque étape pour informer et valider la recherche en collaboration avec 38 ménages. A travers une investigation approfondi des routines telles que faire la lessive et se déplacer en voiture électrique, nous soulignons l'engagement naturel des ménages pour le déplacement des consommations. Cependant, cette activité se révèle complexe et fastidieuse. Nous révélons cette complexité à l'aide d'une analyse de donnée participative, une méthode élaborée afin d'analyser les données en collaboration avec les participants. Nous construisons une compréhension détaillée de la relation entre la génération d'électricité domestique et les routines du quotidien. Enfin, nous soulignons le besoin d'un support contextuel à travers le déploiement d'interventions sur le terrain. En perspective de la littérature, nous proposons un modèle conceptuel pour le support interactif de déplacement des consommationsThe combination of ubiquitous computing and emerging energy technologies is radically changing the home energy landscape. Domestic micro-generation, dominated by solar photovoltaic, is increasing at a rapid pace. This represents an opportunity for creating and altering energy behaviours. However, these transformations generate new challenges that we call the domestic energy gap: domestic electricity consumption and micro-generation are out of sync. Micro-generation is mainly uncontrollable production relying on weather while domestic energy consumption tends to happen mostly during the evening. This thesis focuses on understanding and supporting new domestic practices in the context of domestic solar electricity generation, looking at ‘Demand-Shifting’. Specifically, we look at how can digital tools leverage Demand-Shifting practices in the context of domestic micro-generation? Relying on a mixed-method approach, we provide a qualitative and quantitative answer with the collaboration of 38 participating households in several field studies including two spanning more than eight months. Through a deep investigation of laundry and electric mobility routines in the context of domestic micro-generation, we emphasised a natural engagement into Demand-Shifting which appeared as a complex and time-consuming task for participants which was not visible when we analysed their quantitative data. We revealed this complexity through Participatory Data Analyses, a method we designed to analyse the data in collaboration with the participating householders. This provided us with a comprehensive view of the relationship between domestic micro-generation and daily routines. Finally, we highlight the need for timely and contextual support through the deployment of interventions in-the-wild. Building on discussions of our findings in perspective of the literature, we propose a conceptual framework to support domestic interactive Demand-Shifting (iDS)
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Ragnarsson, Sigurdur. "Data models for interactive web based Textbooks : Investigating how well DocBook 5.0 supports interactive and multimedia content." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-11818.
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Much attention is focused on electronic publishing of books and textbooks. At present most of these eBooks are read on specific reading devices and published in different standards that are not necessarily compatible. Advances in web technologies and the emergence of HTML5 and relevant technologies has greatly improved the possibilities of moving textbook publishing over to the web and use it as the preferred presentation layer. This also means that textbooks can be made much more interactive and it becomes much easier to add advanced multimedia features.The DocBook document standard has been around for a long time and is used by variety of publishers in many types of publishing. On the eve of a new era in publishing it was interesting to investigate how well DocBook 5.0 would support these features made possible by advances in web technology. This project shows that despite a sophisticated technical specification of DocBook 5.0, it offers only limited support for interactive and multimedia features.
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Acharya, Sunil. "Micromechanics of asperity interaction in wear a numerical approach /." Connect to OhioLINK ETD Center, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1135267571.
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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Polymer Engineering, 2005."December, 2005." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 09/17/2006) Advisor, Arkady I. Leonov; Co-Advisor, Joseph P. Padovan; Committee members, Joseph P. Padovan, Gary R. Hamed, Erol Sancaktar, Rudolph J. Scavuzzo, Jr.; Department Chair, Sadhan C. Jana; Dean of the College, Frank N. Kelley; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Salamat, Rana. "RichComment : Designing an Interactive Commenting System for Visual Content in Fashion Social Networks." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232318.
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In this study, a new design of commenting system for visual contents is investigated. The aim is to explore the elements which enrich the user interaction and enhance the user experience while commenting, specifically on fashion social networks. This study explores how an improved commenting system may motivate fashion social networks’ users to express their idea about fashion products. A speculative design approach is used as a means for investigation. A design process consisting of semi structured interviews, thematic analysis, paper prototype, online prototype and user testing is followed to design a human-centered commenting system. The results suggest that providing richer tools for commenting could improve the user interaction. The most promising elements to use in fashion social media commenting system are color and pattern palettes, tagging comment and comment categorization. These elements enable fashion customers to express their ideas easier and obtain a holistic overview around other peoples’ comments. Apart from fashion brands’ social networks, the approach may also be more effective in fashion brand websites. People would like to have a strong impact on fashion brands. Therefore, commenting somewhere that is tightly connected to fashion brands are preferred rather than having the conversation just among themselves in social media.Detta projekt handlar om att undersöka och utforma ett nytt system för att kommentera visuellt innehåll. Mer specifikt är målet att utforska de element som berikar användarinteraktionen och förbättrar användarupplevelsen i kontexten av sociala nätverk och kommentarer kring klädmode. Detta projekt tittar på hur ett förbättrat kommentarsystem kan motivera användare på sociala nätverk att uttrycka sig i termer av egna idéer kring modeprodukter. Designprocessen för projektet består av semi-strukturerade intervjuer, tematisk analys, pappersprototyper, online-prototyper och användarstudier i syfte att designa ett mer användarcentrerat kommentarsystem. Resultaten pekar på att genom att tillhandahålla ett rikare verktyg för kommentarer så kan användarens interaktion och upplevelse förbättras. De delar av designen för att kommentera mode i sociala nätverk som är mest lovande är färg och mönsterpaletter, taggning av kommentarer samt kategorisering av kommentarer. Dessa delar gör det möjligt för potentiella kunder att på ett enkelt sätt uttrycka sina idéer och samtidigt få en överblick av andra människors kommentarer. Bortsett från modevarumärkenes sociala nätverk så kan tillvägagångssättet även appliceras på mode-bolagens egna webbplatser. I studien såg vi att användare önskar ha en starkare relation till dessa varumärken och mode-bolag. Av detta följer att det är viktigt att användare har möjlighet att på ett rikare sätt kommentera i den nära kontexten till mode-varumärken snarare än att ha konversationen i vanliga sociala medier.
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Evans, Rinelle. "Explaining low learner participation during interactive television instruction in a developing country context." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02282005-081708/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.(Curriculum studies)--University of Pretoria, 2005.Paper copy accompanied by a CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-194) Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.