Relevant bibliographies by topics / Interactive toxicity

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Interactive toxicity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Interactive toxicity"

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Venturini, Loretta, and Sheldon B. Sparber. "Salicylate and cocaine: interactive toxicity during chicken mid-embryogenesis." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 30, no. 2 (January 2001): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00455-x.

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Kalichman, Seth Charles, Harold Katner, Marnie Hill, Moira O’Connor Kalichman, and Dominica Hernandez. "Alcohol-Related Intentional Antiretroviral Nonadherence among People Living with HIV: Test of an Interactive Toxicity Beliefs Process Model." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 18 (January 1, 2019): 232595821982661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958219826612.

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Beliefs that it is harmful to mix medications with alcohol (ie, interactive toxicity beliefs) are a known source of intentional antiretroviral therapy (ART) nonadherence. This study examined a serial process model of alcohol-ART interactive toxicity beliefs, alcohol-ART avoidance behaviors, and ART adherence in the association between alcohol use and HIV viral load. Participants were 198 patients receiving ART from a community clinic in the southeastern United States; 125 reported current alcohol use. Results showed that current alcohol use was associated with detectable HIV viral load, partially accounted for by alcohol-ART interactive toxicity beliefs, alcohol-ART avoidance behaviors, and ART adherence. There was a significant indirect effect of the serial chain of interactive toxicity beliefs—avoidance behaviors—adherence, indicating the 3 intermediating variables partially accounted for the relationship between alcohol use and HIV viral load. Addressing alcohol use as a barrier to ART adherence requires multipronged approaches that address intentional nonadherence.
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Sun, Hong-Jie, Bala Rathinasabapathi, Bing Wu, Jun Luo, Li-Ping Pu, and Lena Q. Ma. "Arsenic and selenium toxicity and their interactive effects in humans." Environment International 69 (August 2014): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.019.

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Kacham, R., S. Karanth, P. Baireddy, J. Liu, and C. Pope. "Interactive toxicity of chlorpyrifos and parathion in neonatal rats: Role of esterases in exposure sequence-dependent toxicity." Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 210, no. 1-2 (January 2006): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2005.09.014.

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Ianevski, Aleksandr, Sanna Timonen, Alexander Kononov, Tero Aittokallio, and Anil K. Giri. "SynToxProfiler: An interactive analysis of drug combination synergy, toxicity and efficacy." PLOS Computational Biology 16, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): e1007604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007604.

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Dryden, Christina L., Andrew S. Gordon, and John R. Donat. "Interactive regulation of dissolved copper toxicity by an estuarine microbial community." Limnology and Oceanography 49, no. 4 (July 2004): 1115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.4.1115.

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Nelson, B. K., David L. Conover, Peter B. Shaw, Dwight M. Werren, Richard M. Edwards, and Alan M. Hoberman. "Interactive developmental toxicity of radiofrequency radiation and 2-methoxyethanol in rats." Teratology 50, no. 4 (October 1994): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420500403.

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Elyamine, Ali, Javaria Afzal, Muhammad Rana, Muhammad Imran, Miaomiao Cai, and Chengxiao Hu. "Phenanthrene Mitigates Cadmium Toxicity in Earthworms Eisenia fetida (Epigeic Specie) and Aporrectodea caliginosa (Endogeic Specie) in Soil." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (October 27, 2018): 2384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112384.

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In classical toxicology studies, the interaction of combined doses of chemicals with dissimilar modes of toxic action in soil is complex and depending on the end point investigated and the experimental protocol employed. This study was used to examine the interactive effect of phenanthrene and Cadmium on two ecologically different species of earthworms; Eisenia. fetida and Aporrectodea. caliginosa. This interactive effect was scrutinized by using the acute toxicity test with the concentrations of 2.51 mg kg−1 and 3.74 mg kg−1, respectively, being lethal for 50% of E. fetida and A. caliginosa. The results showed that in the mixture treatment, phenanthrene at 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg kg−1 significantly mitigated both earthworms species mortality and body-mass loss. Moreover, the factor of Cd accumulated in E. fetida and A. caliginosa tissues was significantly decreased by about 12% and 16%, respectively. Linear regression correlation coefficient revealed that the reduction of both earthworm species mortality was negatively and significantly correlated (r2 = 0.98 ± 0.40 and 1 ± 3.9 p < 0.001) with phenanthrene concentration in soil. However, over 20 mg kg−1 of phenanthrene, both organisms mortality rate increased again, as was the Bioaccumulation factor of phenanthrene. Thus, this study proposes that the antagonistical effect of phenanthrene on Cd at a degree of concentration can be used to mitigate Cd effect on soil living organisms. However, as an implication of these results, the interpretation of standardized toxicity bioassays, including whole effluent toxicity tests and single-compound toxicity tests, should be performed with caution. In addition, risk assessment protocols for environment pollution by a mixture of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons should include robust methods that can detect possible interactive effects between contaminants to optimize environmental protection.
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Kungolos, A., P. Samaras, A. M. Kipopoulou, A. Zoumboulis, and G. P. Sakellaropoulos. "Interactive toxic effects of agrochemicals on aquatic organisms." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 1 (July 1, 1999): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0067.

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The effects of three common agrochemicals, lindane, methyl parathion and atrazine, on crustacean Daphnia magna, alga Selenastrum capricornutum and marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri were investigated in this study. Methyl parathion was the most toxic compound towards all three organisms, while lindane was more toxic to Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri than atrazine, and atrazine was more toxic to Selenastrum capricornutum than lindane. Among the three aquatic organisms, Selenastrum capricornutum was most sensitive in detecting lindane and atrazine toxicity, while Daphnia magna was most sensitive in detecting methyl parathion toxicity. The interactive effects of the pesticides were also investigated. The interactive effect between lindane and methyl parathion on survival of Daphnia magna was synergistic, while the ones between lindane and atrazine and between methyl parathion and atrazine were generally additive. The interactive effect of the three pesticides applied together on Daphnia magna was synergistic. The interactive effect of the three pesticides on the growth of Selenastrum capricornutum was antagonistic with few cases of addition, while the effect of all the three pairs of pesticides on algal growth was also antagonistic. The interactive effect of lindane and methyl parathion on Vibrio fischeri was additive.
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Ahsanullah, M., MC Mobley, and P. Rankin. "Individual and combined effects of zinc, cadmium and copper on the marine amphipod Allorchestes compressa." Marine and Freshwater Research 39, no. 1 (1988): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9880033.

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The acute toxicity of zinc, cadmium and copper to A. compressa was assessed in single, paired and triad combinations. Copper was 1.6 times more toxic than cadmium and 4 times more toxic than zinc. When tested in combinations of paired metals, independent dissimilar and simple similar action models, both of which are non-interactive in their classification, were rejected. In one case, the expected mortalities were lower (antagonism) which suggested that paired metals acted interactively. For the combination of three metals, the mortalities were predictable by the simple similar action model (non- interactive). Except for the Zn-Cd combination, the toxic unit concept underestimated the expected mortalities in the test combinations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interactive toxicity"

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Lyle, Zoe Jean. "The interactive toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene and ultraviolet radiation : an in vitro investigation." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2203.

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The work presented here adopted an in vitro approach with cell types from different species (fish: Epithelioma Papillosum Cyprini (EPCA1), Rainbow Trout Gonad (RTG-2); mammals: Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-K01), primary human fibroblast cells (84BR)) to elucidate the potential genotoxic effects of the interaction of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) (0.0, 0.1, 1.0 and 3.2 µg mlˉ¹) with ultraviolet radiation (UVA/UVB) (typically 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 J mˉ²). Initially the experimental techniques and conditions were optimised and validated in the CHO-K1, EPCA1 and RTG-2 cell lines. It was shown that mammalian (CHO-Kl) and fish cells (EPCA1 and RTG-2) exhibited similar sensitivities to chemicals with different modes of action i.e. clastogenic ethyl methansulphonate (EMS) (0.0, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mM) and aneugenic colchicine (COL) (0.0, 0.1, 1.0 and 1.8 µg mlˉ¹) following cytotoxicity experiments with neutral red retention (NRR). Similarly, using the micronucleus assay (Mn) all the cell lines tested showed a similar response to EMS and COL and the use of the anti-kinetochore stain provided a useful approach with which to distinguish between clastogenic and aneugenic effects in the cell. Following comet assay experiments the importance of optimising and validating variables was demonstrated. The optimal variables chosen for the comet assay were 20 minutes unwinding for fish cells (EPCA1 and RTG-2) and 40 minutes unwinding time for mammalian cells (CHO-K1 and 84BR) with 20 minutes electrophoresis for all cell types. Following these validation studies, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects produced in cells of aquatic (EPCA1, RTG-2) and mammalian (CHO-K1, 84BR) origin following treatment with B(a)P and UVR was investigated. The incubation of all cells (EPCA1, RTG-2, CHO-K1) with B(a)P alone caused limited cytotoxicity (NRR), increased DNA damage (comet assay) and altered cellular functions that were from aneugenic and clastogenic mechanisms (Mn assay). EPCA1, RTG-2 and CHO-K1 cells irradiated with UVB displayed a significant increase in cytotoxicity (NRR) and DNA damage (comet assay). Cells irradiated with UVA (RTG-2, CHO-K1, 84BR) showed no significant increases in cytotoxicity and only CHO-K1 showed increased DNA damage (comet assay). There were significant increases in cellular alterations (Mn assay) following UVA irradiation. All cells (RTG-2, CHO-K1, 84BR) incubated with B(a)P followed by irradiation with UVA showed a synergistically increased cytotoxicity (NRR) and DNA damage (comet assay) from a 1.2-fold increase up to a 4-fold increase in DNA damage. There were also altered cellular mechanisms that may be due to both aneugenic and clastogenic mechanisms (Mn assay). Oxidative stress as a product of the formation of the hydroxyl radical was shown to be a key element in these processes (Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)). It is therefore concluded that the genotoxic effects of the PAH B(a)P and UVA irradiation are synergistically increased when both insults are experienced in combination. This worrying result was observed within both fish and mammalian cell types and appeared to be mediated via an oxidative stress mechanism which included the formation of the hydroxyl radical.
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Betancourt-Lozano, Miguel. "Interactive toxicity of a triazole-derivative fungicide and an organophosphate pesticide in the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365004.

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Vevers, William F. "Deoxynivalenol : toxicological profile and potential for reducing cereal grain contamination using bacterial additives in fermented animal feed." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/4305.

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Deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination of grain destined for animal feeds is a major toxicological risk to monogastrics and is suspected of restricting productivity in ruminants. Whereas bacterial additives have been developed that can detoxify DON in the rumen and lower intestine, there are currently no commercial inoculants able to perform this task in crimped grain (CG) silage, a regionally important method of moist grain preservation based on homo- and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria or chemical additives. Determining whether this ensiling process alongside the action of detoxifying bacteria has the potential to remove DON in CG prior to ingestion, was explored in mini-silo ensiling experiments. CG was heat treated (100 °C, 60 min) or ensiled fresh in triplicate 50 g silos, spiked with 5 mg/kg DON and inoculated with lactic acid bacteria derived from wild birds, natural epiphytic inoculants and commercially sourced silage additives (21 d). DON recovery was only significantly reduced (31.2 ± 14.4% recovery, p < 0.001, n= 30) by heat treatment, as determined by IAC-RP-HPLC-UV. Bacterial assemblage analysis by 16S rRNA PCR-DGGE-SEQ identified Weissella cibaria, Pantoea agglomerans, Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis and Hafnia alvei as candidate detoxification agents, of which W. cibaria and H. alvei decreased DON recovery in vitro (11.3 and 6.2% recovery respectively, p < 0.05, n = 18), which translated to inoculated W. cibaria yielding a decrease in DON recovery (67.2± 14.4%, 28 d) in naturally contaminated crimped wheat (13.5 ± 1.0 mg/kg, 35-40% moisture, p < 0.05, n =15). As W. cibaria is a lactic acid bacteria already associated with fermented CG by default it has promise as a novel DON detoxification agent in CG silage. DON is however just one of many hepatotoxic co-contaminants. Retrorsine, a DNA-crosslinking pyrrolizidine alkaloid derived from Ragwort (Senecio sp.) was investigated for interactive toxicity with DON in an in vitro co-exposure experiment. HepG2 cells were exposed to Log10 multifactorial binary exposures for 48 h followed by a suite of assays to elucidate mechanisms of interactive cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and modulation of the proteome. Retrorsine was tentatively confirmed to form DNA/protein crosslinks in the comet, micronucleus and crosslinking assays, whilst DON was found to potently induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Co-exposure yielded a complex toxicity response, with low doses yielding antagonistic effects and high doses trending towards additive effects, although DON dose was generally the principle component. The difficulties associated with undertaking an interactive toxicity study where both toxins have multiple metabolic and cellular targets are highlighted.
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Howarth, Julie Anne. "Aspects of the interaction between cadmium and the acute inflammatory response." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847535/.

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The main aims of this thesis were to establish whether an acute inflammatory response is provoked in rats by the subcutaneous administration of cadmium, and to evaluate the possible role that such a response might play in the alterations in metal homeostasis and the development of anaemia which accompanies the use of this model of cadmium intoxication. An intense local reaction to the subcutaneous administration of cadmium was found. Many of the systemic changes, most notably in haematological parameters and in levels of iron, copper and plasma proteins, mimicked those seen in the acute inflammatory response. Possible causes of the resultant anaemia are discussed and inflammation is implicated as a predominant factor in its development. The results suggest that many of the effects which in previously published work have been attributed to a direct interaction of cadmium with the system under investigation, may in fact be secondary consequences of cadmium-induced inflammation. Comparison of the effects of subcutaneous administration of cadmium and other selected metal salts with changes occurring in two recognised models of acute inflammation revealed marked differences in the local tissue reaction to different substances as well as in the magnitude of various components of the systemic response. The oedematous, necrotic and extensively destructive nature of the cadmium-induced lesion has been highlighted and shown to be partially alleviated by pre- and simultaneous treatment with zinc. Explanations for this protective phenomenon are offered, based on possible target sites of cadmium, particularly in terms of interaction with zinc-dependent processes. With a view to understanding the mechanisms involved in acute cadmium toxicity, luminol-amplified chemiluminescence, which is indicative of free radical formation and the production of reactive oxygen species, was measured directly from intact tissue samples. Inflamed tissue sampled from subcutaneous sites of cadmium administration emitted substantially more chemiluminescence than noninflamed tissue or tissue from sites to which other metals or turpentine was administered. It was demonstrated that intact tissue samples can also be used to assess free radical generation, as detected by chemiluminescence, during in vitro treatment. A pronounced dose-related response was seen with cadmium which could be inhibited by various pretreatment procedures, such as incubation with zinc or certain metal chelators. The significance of these results in relation to the mechanism of toxic action of cadmium as well as to the potential use of this chemiluminescence technique is discussed.
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Perdrizet, Isabelle. "Toxicité du cisplatine." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P113.

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Santos, Bárbara Rosa da Fonseca. "Toxicity interaction of cooper and salinity on Perez frog life stages." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7519.

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Mestrado em Ecologia, Biodiversidade e Gestão de Ecossistemas
Populations of amphibians are declining worldwide. Among the major causes for such decline are chemical contamination and climate changes (e.g. increase in temperature, salinization of coastal freshwater ecosystems). Actually, the group of amphibians may be very sensitive to these stressors as they possess a thin and permeable skin with no physical protection that allows cutaneous respiration but also the diffusion of chemical agents present in the environment. Furthermore, their biphasic life cycle exposes amphibains both to aquatic, terrestrial and atmospheric contamination, potentiating the period of exposure. Consequently, it is necessary to understand the effects that chemical contamination may pose to this group of organisms and how other factors may influence their sensitivity to chemical stress. Accordingly, the present work intended at evaluating how life stage and the combination with other stressors may influence the toxicity of copper to the Perez´s frog Pelophylax perezi (Seoane). To attain this main goal, two specific objectives were delineated: (i) to compare the sensitivity of different life stages, embryos versus tadpoles, to copper (Experimental design 1), and (ii) to evaluate the influence of increased salinity (an indirect effect of climate changes in coastal freshwater lagoons) on the toxicity of copper to embryos and tadpoles of P. perezi (Experimental design 2). For this, eggs at Gosner stage 10-11 and tadpoles at Gosner stage 25 were used to carry out 96h exposure assays. For the first experiment, the two life stages were exposed to a gradient of copper plus a control (FETAX). In the second experiment, embryos and tadpoles were exposed to combinations of copper and NaCl (to simulate an increased salinity) in a complete bifactorial experimental design. In the two experiments the following endpoints were monitored: (i) for embryos, mortality was registered every 24h and at the end of the assay the final body length and malformations rate of surviving larvae were assessed; (ii) for tadpoles mortality and swimming behavior were monitored every 24h. Additionally, at the end of the experimental desing 2 the enzymatic activity, of surviving larvae/tadpoles, was quantified for catalase (CAT), cholinesterase (ChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The obtained results showed that embryos were less sensitive to copper than tadpoles (aproximately 50% of mortality at 1.6 mg/L Cu and LC50=0.93 mg/L Cu, respectively). Furthermore, it was observed that NaCl did not influence the lethal toxicity of copper to tadpoles, but, it significantly reduced the copper toxicity to embryos. Regarding enzymatic responses, a clear and consistent response was not observed for the tested treatments. However, for some copper concentration, the presence of NaCl induced an increase of the activity of CAT, relatively to that observed when orgaisms were exposed solely to copper, both for embryos and tadpoles. Also, in some copper concentrations, the presence of NaCl caused an increase or decrease in the activity of LDH in embryos and tadpoles, respectively. In addition, and contrarirly to what was reported for copper, it was observed that embryos were more sensitive to increased salinity (NaCl) than tadpoles. The results obtained in the present study, highlighted the need, within the context of ecological risk evaluation, to characterize the sensitivity of different life stages of amphibians to different chemicals and to the combination of diverse stressors.
As populacões de anfíbios estão em declínio a nível mundial. Duas das principais causas para este declínio são a contaminação química e alterações climáticas (e.g. aumento das temperaturas, salinização de zonas costeiras). De facto, os anfíbios podem ser muito sensíveis a estes agentes perturbadores, visto possuírem uma pele fina e permeável, sem protecção física, que permite a respiração cutânea mas também a difusão de agentes químicos presentes no ambiente. Além disso, o seu ciclo de vida bifásico expõe-os a contaminação aquática, terrestre, e atmosférica, potenciando o seu período de exposição. Consequentemente, é necessário compreender os efeitos que a contaminação química pode ter neste grupo de organismos, e de que modo outros factores podem influenciar a sua sensibilidade à perturbação química. Deste modo, o presente estudo pretendeu avaliar a influência do estádio de vida e da presença de outros agentes perturbadores na toxicidade de cobre em rã verde, Pelophylax perezi (Seoane). Para atingir este objectivo principal, foram delineados dois objectivos específicos: (i) comparar a sensibilidade de diferentes estádios de vida (embriões verusus girinos) ao cobre (Experiência 1), e (ii) avaliar a influência do aumento de salinidade (efeito indirecto das alterações climáticas em lagoas de água doce costeiras) na toxicidade de cobre para embriões e girinos de P.perezi (Experiência 2). Para tal, foram usados ovos no estádio de Gosner 10-11 e girinos no estádio de Gosner 25 para realizar ensaios de toxicicidade com 96h de exposição. Na primeira experiência, os dois estádios de vida foram expostos a um gradiente de cobre mais um controlo (FETAX). Na segunda experiência, os embriões e girinos foram expostos a combinações de cobre e NaCl (para simular um aumento de salinidade) num desenho experimental bifactorial completo. Nas duas experiências foram monitorizadas as seguintes respostas aos agentes perturbadores: (i) para os embriões, a mortalidade foi registada a cada 24h e no final do ensaio o tamanho corporal final e a taxa de malformações nas larvas sobreviventes; (ii) no caso dos girinos, a mortalidade e o comportamento natatório foram monitorizados a cada 24h. Adicionalmente, no final da segunda experiência (em que foi avaliada a influência de NaCl na toxicidade de cobre), foi quantificada a actividade enzimática da catalase (CAT), colinesterase (ChE), glutationa S-transferase (GST) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH) nas larvas (que eclodiram no final do ensaio-96h) e nos girinos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os embriões foram menos sensíveis ao cobre do que os girinos (cerca de 50% de mortalidade na concentração de 1.6 mg/L Cu e LC50=0.93 mg/L Cu respectivamente). Mais ainda, foi observado que o NaCl não influenciou a toxicidade letal do cobre nos girinos, mas reduziu significativamente a toxicidade do cobre nos embriões. Relativamente às respostas enzimáticas, não foi observado um padrão consistente de repostas aos vários tratamentos. No entanto, em algumas concentrações de cobre, combinadas com NaCl, observou-se que a presença de NaCl induziu a actividade da enzima CAT relativamente ao efeito observado apenas pela presença de cobre. Verificou-se ainda que, em algumas concentrações de cobre, a presença de NaCl induziu uma redução e um aumento da actividade da LDH em girinos e embriões, respectivamente, em comparação com a actividade da enzima em exposições só a cobre. Mais ainda, e contrário ao que foi registado para o cobre, foi observado que os embriões apresentaram uma maior sensibilidade ao aumento da salinidade (NaCl) do que os girinos. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo destacam a necessidade de, num contexto das avaliações de risco ecológico, caracterizar a sensibilidade dos diferentes estádios de vida dos anfibios a diferentes químicos e a combinações de de agentes perturbadores.
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Waterman, Kellie Lynne. "Interaction of Gold Nanoparticles with a Supported Lipid Bilayer Using Quartz Crystal Microblance with Dissipation." Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/291.

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Nanoparticle toxicity has become a major topic of interest due to the inevitable exposure of these nanomaterials to both humans and the environment. Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing industry with diverse material resources and an extensive market for commercialization and introduction of nanomaterials into consumer products. The problem with this flourishing technology is that it has far outgrown research based on the safety and toxicity of the nanomaterials, which in bulk are generally nontoxic. The need for research in determining the toxic effects on cells and the implications it may have on the environment have grown but the different techniques, cell systems and nanoparticles employed are generally to diverse and conflicting in overall results that determination toxicity is nearly impossible. The need for a universal technique to study the interaction of nanoparticles with cells and decouple the molecular effects (chemical properties) from the“nanospecific" effects (including size, concentration, surface charge, functionality and polarity) is apparent. It is additionally necessary to determine the mechanisms associated with nanoparticle-induced cytotoxicity in order to better understand the problems posed to both human and environmental health and then develop new safer nanoparticles. Therefore, the focus of this study is to determine the nano-specific (physical) properties, including size and functionalization that cause toxicity, specifically through interaction with a cell membrane. A supported lipid bilayer (SLB) composed of L-α-phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) was used as a model cell membrane to test the effects of 2, 5, 10 and 40 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Given the imminent exposure of nanoparticles to the environment it is important to determine how nanoparticles would behave in the presence of natural organic matter or polymers which are naturally present in environmental systems. Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) can be used to represent the polymers normally found in the environment. AuNPs were diluted in PMA in order to simulate fundamental environmental conditions. Analysis was done using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), which measures the frequency (f) and dissipation (D) changes directly associated with mass and conformation changes of the SLB. Different overtones for f and D allow for theoretical interpretation of changes correlated to different layers of the membrane. The 2 and 5 nm particles were found to interact strongly with the lipid bilayer by adsorbing to and/or partially/completely penetrating into the lipid bilayer presumably due to a hydrophobic coating caused by PMA adsorption to the NP surface. The penetration caused a much more rigid membrane due to higher lipid packing caused by nanoparticle addition. The 10 and 40 nm particles interaction with the bilayer were not affected by the presence of PMA. Both AuNP sizes removed mass from the membrane with losses similar in de-ionized water and PMA solution. Removal of membrane mass (lipids/hydration) caused a more flexible membrane. It was determine that sized is the limiting factor for nanoparticle solubilization into the membrane. It can be concluded from the results that size coupled with natural organic matter affects the cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles to the membrane. A study was done with 12 nm functionalized AuNPs in the presence of humic acid, a well-known and more complex and realistic model for natural organic matter. A PC lipid bilayer was used to simulate a model cell membrane and QCM-D techniques were utilized in the determination of toxicity and mechanistic interaction of nanoparticles with a lipid bilayer. Functionalized AuNPs were shown to decrease the rigidity of the lipid bilayer by increasing the dissipation and decreasing the mass associated with the adsorbed film (SLB). The presence of humic acid stabilized the nanoparticles and provided increased electrostatic repulsion which resulted in decreased mass losses from the membrane and much smaller decreases in membrane rigidity. It was concluded that presence of humic acid reduces the effects of functionalized nanoparticle interaction with a lipid bilayer. These results may mean that natural organic matter has the ability to reduce the cytotoxic effects of nanoparticles released into the environment. Overall, the QCM-D was found to provide valuable information regarding the possible toxic properties and mechanisms in which different gold nanoparticle interact with a supported lipid bilayer under environmental conditions. The information provided by the studies performed has shed much light on the interaction of gold nanoparticles with a supported lipid bilayer in the presence of model natural organic matter. The experiments done in this study are the first steps towards developing an assay with the ability to determine the toxic physical properties and mechanisms by which nanoparticles interact with lipid bilayers will greatly aid in development of non-toxic nano-materials. The technology and techniques used in this study will greatly improve the field by solidifying one technique to use in the quantitative approach studying nanoparticle/cell interactions. The use of AFM techniques in conjunction with the QCM-D would be highly beneficial by facilitating better understanding of the exact mechanisms by which nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity.
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Tashjian, Diran Hovsep. "Selenium toxicokinetics, chronic toxicity, and interaction with salinity stress in white sturgeon /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Hsieh, Gin-Chang. "The Immunological and Neurochemical Toxicity of Benzene and its Interaction with Toluene in Mice." DigitalCommons@USU, 1988. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4645.

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Benzene and toluene are known groundwater contaminants . Male CD-I mice were continuously exposed to 0, 31, 166, and 790 mg/ L benzene and 0, 17, 80, and 405 mg/L toluene, respectively, in drinking water for four weeks. Benzene caused a reduction of leukocytes, lymphocytes and erythrocytes, and resulted in a macrocytic anemia. Lymphocyte response to both B- and T-cell mitogens, mixed lymphocyte response to alloantigens, and the ability of cytotoxic lymphocytes to lyse tumor cells were enhanced at the lowest dose of benzene and depressed in the higher dosage animals. Benzene at doses of 166 and 790 mg/L decreased the number of sheep red blood cell (SRBC) -specific plaque-forming cells, the level of serum anti-SRBC antibody, and the activity of interleukin-2 (IL -2). Benzene treatment increased endogenous concentrations of the brain biogenic amines norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), and concomitantly, elevated the levels of their respective major metabolites vanillymandelic acid (VMA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), in several brain regions . In most cases, the changes were dose related; in several instances, maximum effects occurred at the 166 mg/L benzene dose. Toluene did not adversely affect the hematological parameters. Depression of immune function was evident at the highest dose (405 mg/L), except for mitogeneses. Increased neurochemical concentrations caused by toluene displayed a dose-dependent biphasic manner which began at a dose of 17 mg/L, peaked at 80 mg/L, and decreased at 405 mg/L. Toluene treatment had more selective effects on NE, 5-HT ,VMA and 5-HIAA, than DA, DOPAC and HVA. Both compounds, by increasing concentrations of the hypothalamic NE and its major metabolite VMA, stimulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity, resulting in an elevated plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and serum corticosterone which had an additive adverse effect on IL-2 synthesis. Toluene, 325 mg/ L, completely inhibited benzene-induced cytopenia and immunosuppression when it was coadministered with benzene (166 mg/L). The low dose of toluene (80 mg/L ) did not antagonize benzene immunotoxicity. Mice given the combined exposures exhibited raised levels of regional neurochemicals when compared to the untreated controls. Increased levels of monoamine metabolites in several brain regions were greater in the combined treatments of benzene and toluene than when either chemical was used alone. The results of the interaction studies support the known metabolic interaction mechanisms of benzene and toluene.
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Md, Amin Roswati. "Copepods in Skeletonema-dominated food webs : Toxicity and nutritional quality as factors controlling copepod-diatom interactions." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-49411.

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My thesis focuses on copepod-diatom interactions, specifically on the effects of food quality and toxicity on copepod feeding, reproductive success and behavior but as a frame, also includes a quantitative evaluation of copepod carbon requirements compared to other trophic plankton groups. My aim was to evaluate the function of copepods in diatom-dominated spring blooms. I thereby used a series of mesocosm and laboratory experiments. For a realistic extrapolation of the results to natural environments I used different strains of a diatom species, Skeletonema marinoi, which is a common spring blooming species in the Baltic Sea. This species is known to produce polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUA; mainly heptadienal, octadienal and decadienal), which have previously been identified as the potential reasons for the detrimental effects of diatoms on copepod reproduction. All strains varied in size, mineral and biochemical content, and PUA production. I tested the effects on different dominant copepod species from northern temperate waters; Acartia sp. (A. clausi and A. tonsa), Calanus finmarchicus, Pseudocalanus elongatus, and Temora longicornis, as well as the dominant species in the northern Baltic Sea, Eurytemora affinis. The specific contributions of respiratory carbon requiment of mesozooplankton and lower size fractions to carbon cycling during PUA-producing diatom blooms are poorly documented. My results show that nanoplankton and microzooplankton dominated the carbon cycling (> 50% of primary production) whereas the contribution of bacterioplankton varied. Mesozooplankton was always of minor importance with contribution of <6% of primary production.  This illustrates the importance of lower size fractions during a phytoplankton spring bloom. Irrespective of their small contribution to the total community carbon cycling, copepods displayed non-selective and typically high feeding rate on different PUA-producing S. marinoi strains, indicating that there was no feeding deterrence. The effect of feeding on copepod reproductive success, however, varied between different strains, and depending on copepod species. In experiments with monospecific diatom diets reduced egg production rate and hatching success were mainly related to food quality measured as fatty acids and sterols, or algae growth rate, low assimilation efficiency or PUA production / ingestion. On the other hand, copepod reproduction and population development in the diverse diet, including a high concentration of S. marinoi and PUA (both particulate and dissolved), increased with increasing food concentration and was unaffected by the presence of toxic diatoms. I conclude that although a negative correlation between different reproductive variables and PUA production / ingestion may sometimes be observed in laboratory incubations, this is highly dependent on the strain / species used, and the effect of the algal strain can be stronger than the effect of the e.g., growth-stage dependent PUA production. Although copepod grazing might not be very important during a diatom spring bloom, even a highly PUA-producing S. marinoi can be considered an appropriate food source for copepods when occurring among the natural food assemblage, inducing a high reproductive output.
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Books on the topic "Interactive toxicity"

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Maljković, Teodora. Health effects of ash from coal gasification and interaction with heavy metals in rats =: Zdravstveni učinak šljake iz uplinjavanja ugljena i interakcija s teškim metalima u štakora. Zagreb: Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 1988.

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Patisaul, Heather B., and Scott M. Belcher. The Path Forward. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199935734.003.0008.

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This chapter focuses on the contemporary approaches of research being used to understand the actions of EDCs and emerging high-throughput screening approaches to examine new and existing chemicals for endocrine-disrupting activities. Concepts arising from the 2007 NRC report “Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy” are delineated and the ongoing development of predictive computational toxicology approaches are addressed. The screening strategies being developed under the Tox21 and Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) programs are described, with a review of advantages, challenges, and progress to date. There is a brief overview of the EPA’s Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard as a portal for accessing the ToxCast data through ToxCastDB, and the EPA’s Aggregated Computational Toxicology data warehouse (ACToR), which contains all publicly available EPA chemical toxicity data. Additional challenges related to the inability of current screening approaches to address complex physiology involved in neuroendocrine disruption are addressed.
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Mineral fibres: Crystal chemistry, chemical-physical properties, biological interaction and toxicity. Mineralogical Society, 2017.

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Gualtieri, A. F., ed. Mineral fibres: Crystal chemistry, chemical-physical properties, biological interaction and toxicity. Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/emu-notes.18.

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Wetzel, Ronald, and Rakesh Mishra. Structural Biology. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199929146.003.0012.

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The 3,144–amino acid huntingtin protein (HTT) folds in water into a structure consisting of compact, organized domains interspersed with intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) elements. The IDPs function as sites of post-translational modifications and proteolysis as well as in targeting, binding, and aggregation. Although the dominant structural motif of HTT is the α‎-helix–rich HEAT repeat, the expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) toxicity responsible for Huntington’s disease is most likely played out within intrinsically disordered HTT exon 1–like fragments consisting of the 16– to 17–amino acid N-terminal HTTNT segment, the polyQ segment, and a proline-rich segment. The physical behavior of HTT exon 1 fragments is dominated by interactive, polyQ repeat length–dependent structural transitions responsible for membrane and protein–protein interactions and the formation of tetramers, higher oligomers, amyloid fibrils, and inclusions. Understanding the basis of this solution behavior may be the key to disease mechanisms and molecular therapeutic strategies.
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Cavanna, Andrea E. Phenytoin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791577.003.0010.

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Phenytoin is a first-generation antiepileptic drug characterized by a good range of antiepileptic indications, with an acceptable interaction profile in polytherapy. The reasons for the decreased use of phenytoin in patients with epilepsy include its narrow therapeutic index and potential for long-term toxicity, as well as the development of other antiepileptic drugs throughout the second half of the twentieth century. Phenytoin has a good behavioural tolerability profile and a restricted range of psychiatric uses. Despite occasional reports of adverse behavioural effects (especially at higher doses), there is some weak evidence for its potential usefulness as mood stabilizer and in the pharmacological management of impulsive aggression.
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Maysinger, Dusica, P. Kujawa, and Jasmina Lovrić. Nanoparticles in medicine. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.14.

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This article examines the applications of nanoparticles in medicine. Nanomedicine is a promising field that can make available different nanosystems whose novel, usually size-dependent, physical, chemical and/or biological properties are exploited to combat the disease of interest. One kind of particulate systems represents a vast array of either metallic,semiconductor, polymeric, protein or lipid nanoparticles that can be exploited for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. This article first provides an overview of general issues related to physicochemical and biological properties of different nanoparticles. It then considers the current problems associated with the use of nanoparticles in medicine and suggests some solutions. It also discusses the interaction of nanoparticles with cells and factors that determine these interactions and concludes with some examples of new approaches for real-time imaging of experimental animals that could be useful, complementary methods for evaluations of effectiveness (or toxicity) of novel nanomaterials andnanomedicines.
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Padmakumar, Anand D., and Mark C. Bellamy. Pathophysiology and causes of jaundice in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0192.

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Critically-ill patients develop jaundice for a variety of reasons. A good understanding of bilirubin metabolism can help the clinician to diagnose and treat jaundice. Intensive care unit (ICU) physicians commonly encounter elevated serum bilirubin in severely-ill patients, which can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. A complex interaction of enzymatic pathways leads to safe excretion of bilirubin. This fine homeostasis is often disturbed and leads jaundice, which can be broadly classified into three main categories—prehepatic, hepatic, and post-hepatic. Common examples include sepsis, cardiac failure, drug toxicity, hepatic ischaemia, gall stone disease, etc. Management strategies directed towards the underlying causes aim to improve outcome. The aetiology can be often multifactorial and difficult to treat. This chapter provides a brief overview of bilirubin metabolism and aetiopathogenesis of jaundice. We also provide key recommendations to develop a systematic diagnostic approach, provide guidance on ordering appropriate investigations and on interpreting their results.
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Olkkola, Klaus T., Hugo E. M. Vereecke, and Martin Luginbühl. Drug interactions in anaesthetic practice. Edited by Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0021.

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When two or more drugs are administered simultaneously, the pharmacological response may be greater or less than the sum of the effects of the individual drugs. One drug may antagonize or potentiate the effects of the other and there may be also qualitative differences in response. Although some drug interactions increase the toxicity or result in loss of therapeutic effect, others are beneficial. Indeed, modern anaesthetic techniques depend on beneficial drug interactions. A sound combination of drugs helps clinicians to increase both the efficacy and safety of drug treatment. Drugs may interact on a pharmaceutical, pharmacodynamic, or pharmacokinetic basis. Many pharmacodynamic interactions are predictable and can be avoided by the use of common sense. However, it is much more difficult to predict the likelihood of pharmacokinetic and pharmaceutical interactions despite good prior knowledge of pharmacokinetics and chemical properties of individual drugs. Pharmaceutical drug interactions usually occur before the drug is given to the patient and they are caused by chemical (such as acid–base, salt formation, oxidation–reduction, hydrolysis, or epimerization) or physical (such as adsorption/absorption or emulsion breaking) reactions. When drugs have a pharmacokinetic interaction, one drug alters the absorption, distribution, or the elimination of the other drug. Many pharmacokinetic drug interactions are due to inhibition or induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pharmacodynamic drug interactions are caused by drugs having an effect on the same receptors or the same physiological system. This chapter gives anaesthetists an overview of clinically relevant perioperative drug interactions.
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Book chapters on the topic "Interactive toxicity"

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Kungolos, A., V. Batziaka, P. Samaras, G. P. Sakellaropoulos, A. M. Kipopoulou, A. Zoumboulis, and Th Kouimtzis. "Using Toxkits for calculating interactive effects of chemicals." In New Microbiotests for Routine Toxicity Screening and Biomonitoring, 487–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4289-6_54.

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Katsifis, Spiros P., and Patrick L. Kinney. "Antagonistic Interaction of Sodium Arsenite and Lead Sulfate with UV Light on Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes." In Toxicity Assessment Alternatives, 53–61. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-718-5_5.

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Lee, Wing-Kee. "Cell Organelles as Targets of Cadmium Toxicity." In Cadmium Interaction with Animal Cells, 83–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89623-6_4.

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Isphording, Wayne C. "Comparison of the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) with bioavailability determined by selective stripping, ion site partitioning analysis." In Water-Rock Interaction, 879–83. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203734049-219.

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Spagnoletti, Federico N., Raúl S. Lavado, and Romina Giacometti. "Interaction of Plants and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Responses to Arsenic Stress: A Collaborative Tale Useful to Manage Contaminated Soils." In Mechanisms of Arsenic Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants, 239–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1292-2_10.

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Jiang, Xiaofeng, and Mei Li. "Interaction of Microplastics and Heavy Metals: Toxicity, Mechanisms, and Environmental Implications." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 185–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2020_460.

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Wimmer, M. A., K. H. Muehling, A. Läuchli, P. H. Brown, and H. E. Goldbach. "Interaction of salinity and boron toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." In Plant Nutrition, 426–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_206.

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Davis-Carter, J. G., M. B. Parker, and T. P. Gaines. "Interaction of soil zinc, calcium, and pH with zinc toxicity in peanuts." In Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH, 339–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3438-5_39.

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Ilinskaya, Anna N., and Marina A. Dobrovolskaia. "Interaction Between Nanoparticles and Plasma Proteins: Effects on Nanoparticle Biodistribution and Toxicity." In Polymer Nanoparticles for Nanomedicines, 505–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41421-8_15.

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Dollery, C. T. "The Assessment of Efficacy, Toxicity and Quality of Care in Long-Term Drug Treatment." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 44 - Research and Medical Practice: Their Interaction, 73–95. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720264.ch6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Interactive toxicity"

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Wright, Austin P., Omar Shaikh, Haekyu Park, Will Epperson, Muhammed Ahmed, Stephane Pinel, Diyi Yang, and Duen Horng Chau. "RECAST: Interactive Auditing of Automatic Toxicity Detection Models." In Chinese CHI 2020: The eighth International Workshop of Chinese CHI. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3403676.3403691.

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Liu, B. L., and J. J. McGrath. "Vitrification Solutions for the Cryopreservation of Tissue-Engineered Bone." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32556.

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Osteoblast (OB)-seeded hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold cortical bone substitutes are being developed at Michigan State University. Preservation methods need to be developed to preserve such living products to ensure a steady supply for transplantation. Theoretically vitrification is an attractive method for the cryopreservation of tissue-engineered bone because it can eliminate the destructive effect of ice formation [1]. However, relatively fast cooling and warming rates are required to avoid damage associated with ice crystallization and relatively high concentrations of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) are required to achieve a glassy (vitrified) state. These rapid rates of temperature change may not be possible as tissue-engineered structures become larger. In addition to cell damage, rapid rates may also cause destructive thermo mechanical damage to the scaffold itself. Slower rates can be used to achieve the vitrified state but this requires higher CPA concentrations, which are more toxic. As a means of studying the interactive determinants of an optimal vitrification process for osteoblasts, we have undertaken thermal analysis of a variety of vitrification solutions of interest using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the critical cooling and warming rates. The toxicity dynamics and tendency for the scaffolds to be damaged mechanically by the vitrification process are also examined. Glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide at a concentration of 40% were studied with and without an ice blocker. Two vitrification “cocktails” (VS55 and VEG) over a concentration range of 80% to 100% were studied with and without an ice blocker. On the basis of these studies 95% VEG with ice blocker was least toxic and yielded the highest recovery (∼90%) for OBs vitrified in liquid suspension. Vitrification does not seem to be detrimental to the bending strength of high density (low porosity) HA scaffolds, but lower density HA scaffolds break more easily after vitrification in some instances.
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Wang, Kexin, Xiang Sang, Shuanghuang Xiao, Hongqin Yang, Yiru Peng, Shusen Xie, and Jianling Chen. "Interaction of gold nanorods with ovarian cells: toxicity, uptake and intracellular distribution." In Eleventh International Conference on Information Optics and Photonics (CIOP 2019), edited by Hannan Wang. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2548784.

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Desai, Kaushal, David Brott, Xiaohua Hu, and Anastasia Christianson. "A Systems Biology Approach for Detecting Toxicity-Related Hotspots inside Protein Interaction Networks." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics, Imaging and Systems Biology (HISB). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hisb.2011.61.

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Srikanth, M., H. Misak, S. Y. Yang, and R. Asmatulu. "Effects of Morphology, Concentration and Contact Duration of Carbon-Based Nanoparticles on Cytotoxicity of L929 Cells." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52296.

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Study of nanomaterials and their characteristics have added a new dimension to the rapid development of nanotechnology. Carbon-based nanomaterials are considered to be one of the key elements in nanotechnology since they are known to exhibit a variety of unusual properties which make them beneficial in the field of medicine and bioengineering. Nanoparticles, because of their size are capable of entering the human body by different modes and can spread to different parts by physical translocation or chemical clearance processes and hence requires a thorough understanding of their interaction with biological molecules, sub-cellular units, cells, tissues, and organs. Cytotoxicity of four types of carbon based nanomaterials — Carbon Nanowire (CNW), Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Graphene and Fullerene, on L929 mouse fibroblast cancerous cells is evaluated by MTT Assay. An analysis based on morphology, concentration and contact duration is discussed in this paper. Graphene was the most toxic material with an average toxicity of 52.24%, followed by CNTs, Fullerene and CNW. The differences in the toxicity levels has been attributed to different structural arrangements and aspect ratio. Lower concentration levels exhibited lower levels of cytotoxicity in three of the four nanomaterials but contact duration failed to show any fixed trend.
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Goel, Raghav, Neha Shah, Rachana Visaria, Giulio F. Paciotti, and John C. Bischof. "Biodistribution of TNF-alpha Coated Gold Nanoparticles in an In Vivo Cancer Model." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192931.

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Over the past several years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of nanoparticles as a tool for treatment of cancer. We have shown tremendous augmentation and control (without toxicity) of both heat and cold-based thermal therapy for cancer treatment with a gold based nanodrug-CYT-6091 (Cytimmune Sciences, Inc.) [1–3]. To reach the full potential of these nanodrugs for both stand-alone solid cancer treatment and as adjuvant to thermal therapy, there is a need to understand the in vivo biodistribution and their short-term and long-term tissue interaction.
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Kungolos, A., V. Tsiridis, H. Nassopoulos, P. Samaras, and N. Tsiropoulos. "Toxicity assessment of fosthiazate, metalaxyl-M and imidacloprid and their interaction with copper on Daphnia magna." In ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/etox060221.

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Shah, Neha B., and John C. Bischof. "Effect of Surface Charge on Gold Nanoparticle Biotransport: An In Vivo Blood and Biodistribution Study." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53324.

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Intravenously injected nanoparticles (NPs) hold great promise for clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. While several NPs for such clinical applications have emerged in various designs (metallic, polymeric, quantum dots etc.) [1], a critical issue in their in vivo use is the lack of fundamental studies examining the effects of physicochemical parameters (shape, size, surface properties etc.) on blood circulation, kinetics of accumulation and elimination as well as toxicity [2–4]. We hypothesize that blood, the first medium of interaction in the body, is a major determinant of biotransport and biodistribution. Recent and past in vitro studies have shown that NPs interact with serum proteins (including complement factors), cause platelet aggregation and red blood cell hemolysis, and are taken up by phagocytic cells. However, to our knowledge a detailed in vivo study of the interaction of metallic nanoparticles with blood components as a function of their surface properties does not yet exist.
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Buyukhatipoglu, Kivilcim, Tiffany A. Miller, and Alisa Morss Clyne. "Biocompatible, Superparamagnetic, Flame Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Cellular Uptake and Toxicity Studies." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68049.

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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, including magnetite (Fe3O4), are widely used in applications such as targeted drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, tissue engineering, gene therapy, hyperthermic malignant cell treatment, and cell membrane manipulation. These nanoparticles are particularly interesting for in vivo and in vitro applications since they do not exhibit magnetic behavior once the magnetic field has been removed. In the current work, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were produced using a flame synthesis method, which provides significant advantages over other material synthesis processes such as solgel processing, chemical vapor deposition, and laser ablation. Flame synthesis allows control of particle size, size distribution, phase and composition by altering flame operating conditions. Flame synthesis is further capable of commercial production rates with minimal post-processing of the final product materials. This study focuses on the interaction of flame synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles with porcine aortic endothelial cells and compares the results to those obtained using commercially available iron oxide nanoparticles. The materials characteristics of the flame synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles, including morphology, elemental composition, particle size, were analyzed by electron microscopy (TEM, ESEM, EDS), and Raman Spectroscopy. The data verified production of a heterogenous mixture of hematite and magnetite nanoparticles, which exhibit superparamagnetic properties. Monodisperse iron oxide particles of 6–12 nm diameter and aggregated clusters of these 6–12nm nanoparticles have been synthesized. Nanoparticle biocompatibility was assessed by incubating flame synthesized and commercially available iron oxide nanoparticles with endothelial cells for 24 hours. Both alamar blue and Live/Dead cell assays showed no significant toxicity difference between flame synthesized and commercially available nanoparticles. Cells exposed to both types of nanoparticles maintained membrane integrity, as indicated by minimal lactase dehydrogenase release. Endothelial cells imaged by ESEM and confirmed by EDS demonstrated that uncoated flame synthesized nanoparticles are ingested into cells in a similar manner to commercially available nanoparticles. These data suggest that flame synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles are comparable to commercially available nanoparticles for biological applications. Flame synthesis has the advantage of a relatively simple synthesis process with higher purity products and lower time and energy manufacturing costs. Future work will include functionalizing the nanoparticle surfaces for specific biological applications, including specific cell targeting and bioactive factor delivery.
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Basuki, Sovia Aprina, Neva Melinda Maulanasari, and Engrid Juni Astuti. "Toxicity on Class of Antibiotic Agents Using Toxtree Software and Its Interaction with Its Receptors Using Molecular Virtual Docker Software." In Health Science International Conference (HSIC 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hsic-17.2017.28.

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Reports on the topic "Interactive toxicity"

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Hakim Boukhalfa Mary, P. Neu Alvin Crumbliss. Interaction of Actinide Species with Microorganisms & Microbial Chelators: Cellular Uptake, Toxicity, & Implications for Bioremediation of Soil & Ground Water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878161.

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