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Journal articles on the topic 'Intercalation mechanism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Ding, Shu Li, B. H. Xu, Q. F. Liu, and Y. Z. Sun. "Preparation of Nano-Kaolinite and Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 1217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.1217.

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With potassium acetate as an intercalation agent, kaolinite-potassium acetate(KAc) intercalation complexes was prepared. Afterwards, nano-kaolinite was successfully made through exfoliated intercalation complexes using power ultrasonic. The intermediate and final products were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), infrared spectroscopy(IR), laser particle size analyzer, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that intercalation of KAc into kaolinite resulted in a crystal space expansion, from a basal spacing of 7.14Ǻ to 14.20 Ǻ, and the intercalation rate was about 80%. KAc intercalation causes the weakening of interlayer stability. It was shown that the particles of nano-kaolinite is very thin lamellar in shape, whose average thickness, average particle size, are 50 nm and 450 nm respectively.

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2

Xia, Hua, and Sheng Hui Zhang. "Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanism of Benzamide Intercalated Kaolinite by Replacement Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 420 (September 2013): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.420.222.

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Kaolinite/benzamide complex was prepared by displacement reaction of a kaolinite/dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) intercalation complex with melted benzamide. The whole process was recorded by powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Those PXRD and FT-IR indicated that there are two stages in the process of melted benzamide replacing intercalation. The first stage is the deintercalation of DMSO molecules in the kaolinite/dimethylsulphoxide intercalation complex. And the second stage is the melted benzamide intercalation.

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3

Monaco, Regina R. "Capture of a Transition State Using Molecular Dynamics: Creation of an Intercalation Site in dsDNA with Ethidium Cation." Journal of Nucleic Acids 2010 (2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/702317.

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The mechanism of intercalation and the ability of double stranded DNA (dsDNA) to accommodate a variety of ligands in this manner has been well studied. Proposed mechanistic steps along this pathway for the classical intercalator ethidium have been discussed in the literature. Some previous studies indicate that the creation of an intercalation site may occur spontaneously, with the energy for this interaction arising either from solvent collisions or soliton propagation along the helical axis. A subsequent 1D diffusional search by the ligand along the helical axis of the DNA will allow the ligand entry to this intercalation site from its external, electrostatically stabilized position. Other mechanistic studies show that ethidium cation participates in the creation of the site, as a ligand interacting closely with the external surface of the DNA can cause unfavorable steric interactions depending on the ligands' orientation, which are relaxed during the creation of an intercalation site. Briefly, such a site is created by the lengthening of the DNA molecule via bond rotation between the sugars and phosphates along the DNA backbone, causing an unwinding of the dsDNA itself and separation between the adjacent base pairs local to the position of the ligand, which becomes the intercalation site. Previous experimental measurements of this interaction measure the enthalpic cost of this part of the mechanism to be about −8 kcal/mol. This paper reports the observation, during a computational study, of the spontaneous opening of an intercalation site in response to the presence of a single ethidium cation molecule in an externally bound configuration. The concerted motions between this ligand and the host, a dsDNA decamer, are clear. The dsDNA decamer AGGATGCCTG was studied; the central site was the intercalation site.

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4

Nisar, Umair, R. A. Shakoor, Rachid Essehli, et al. "Sodium intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism in Na4MnV(PO4)3 cathode materials." Electrochimica Acta 292 (December 2018): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.111.

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5

Kaghazchi, Payam. "Mechanism of Li intercalation into Si." Applied Physics Letters 102, no. 9 (2013): 093901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794825.

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6

Koudriachova, Marina V. "Mechanism of lithium intercalation in titanates." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 14, no. 4 (2008): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-008-0654-8.

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7

Yan, Dong, Shaozhuan Huang, Yew Von Lim, et al. "Stepwise Intercalation-Conversion-Intercalation Sodiation Mechanism in CuInS2 Prompting Sodium Storage Performance." ACS Energy Letters 5, no. 12 (2020): 3725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02049.

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8

Wu, Yuhan, Yang Xu, Yueliang Li, et al. "Unexpected intercalation-dominated potassium storage in WS2 as a potassium-ion battery anode." Nano Research 12, no. 12 (2019): 2997–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12274-019-2543-0.

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Abstract Unexpected intercalation-dominated process is observed during K+ insertion in WS2 in a voltage range of 0.01–3.0 V. This is different from the previously reported two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides that undergo a conversion reaction in a low voltage range when used as anodes in potassium-ion batteries. Charge/discharge processes in the K and Na cells are studied in parallel to demonstrate the different ion storage mechanisms. The Na+ storage proceeds through intercalation and conversion reactions while the K+ storage is governed by an intercalation reaction. Owing to the reversible K+ intercalation in the van der Waals gaps, the WS2 anode exhibits a low decay rate of 0.07% per cycle, delivering a capacity of 103 mAh·g-1 after 100 cycles at 100 mA·g-1. It maintains 57% capacity at 800 mA·g-1 and shows stable cyclability up to 400 cycles at 500 mA·g-1. Kinetics study proves the facilitation of K+ transport is derived from the intercalation-dominated mechanism. Furthermore, the mechanism is verified by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, showing that the progressive expansion of the interlayer space can account for the observed results.

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9

Wang, Yaowu, Pengcheng Hao, Jianping Peng, and Yuezhong Di. "Mechanism of aluminum carbide formation in aluminum electrolysiscells." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, no. 00 (2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb190514023w.

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The formation and dissolution of aluminum carbide is considered the primary factor affecting the life of aluminum electrolysis cells. Herein, the characteristics of sodium-graphite intercalation compounds (Na-GICs)were measured and the formation mechanism of Al4C3duringthe aluminum electrolysis process was experimentally studied. The Na-GIC characteristics and the products of aluminum and Na-GIC reactions were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that graphite can react with the sodium metal to form Na-GICs, which were detectable by Raman spectroscopy. Sodium that inserted into the graphite layered structure acted as an intercalation agent to change the original graphite layered structure and increase the volume and specific surface area of graphite. Further, Al4C3wasproduced by using sodium-graphite intercalation compounds and aluminum as materials. Thus, the presence of sodium plays an important role in the formation process of Al4C3in aluminum electrolysis cells.

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10

Kajiyama, Satoshi, Lucie Szabova, Keitaro Sodeyama, et al. "Sodium-Ion Intercalation Mechanism in MXene Nanosheets." ACS Nano 10, no. 3 (2016): 3334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b06958.

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11

Okada, Shigeto, Jun‐ichi Yamaki, and Takeshi Okada. "Intercalation Mechanism in Lithium/Iron‐Phthalocyanine Cells." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 136, no. 2 (1989): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2096631.

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12

Koudriachova, Marina V., and Mohamed Matar. "Mechanism of Lithium Intercalation in TiO2-brookite." ECS Transactions 16, no. 42 (2019): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3112729.

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13

Ju, Hua, Jun Wu, and Yanhui Xu. "Lithium ion intercalation mechanism for LiCoPO4 electrode." International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering 4, no. 1 (2013): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2251-6832-4-22.

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14

Liyanage, Amila Udayanga, and Michael M. Lerner. "Use of amine electride chemistry to prepare molybdenum disulfide intercalation compounds." RSC Adv. 4, no. 87 (2014): 47121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra07405j.

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15

Wang, Haibo, Xiaolan Song, Yue Xu, and Zhenhua Yang. "First-principles study on the mechanism of lithium intercalation in cubic CoN." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 17 (2018): 1850184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918501841.

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Intercalation mechanism of Li into cubic Co4N4 has been investigated by the first-principles calculations. Lattice constants, ratio of volume expansion, and formation energies of Li[Formula: see text]Co4N4 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) were calculated. Results indicate that Li prefers to fill the octahedral interstitial site [Formula: see text] rather than the tetrahedral interstitial site [Formula: see text]. With the increase in intercalation Li, the ratio of volume expansion increases from 8.29% (x = 1) to 31.58% (x = 4). Ternary phase Li4Co4N4 has the most stability with the negative intercalation energy, and the corresponding theoretical specific capacity reaches 367 mA/g. Furthermore, the analysis of density of states, valence electron density distribution maps, and electron localization function (ELF) of Co4N4 and Li4Co4N4 indicates that Li intercalation enhances the electrical conductivity of Co4N4 and weakens the bonding of Co and N. Finally, Li-ion migration dynamics in the Co4N4 bulk were investigated with nudged elastic band (NEB) methods. Results show that the migration path of Li-ion is along [Formula: see text] with the energy barrier of 0.44 eV.

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16

Wallingford, John B., and Richard M. Harland. "XenopusDishevelled signaling regulates both neural and mesodermal convergent extension: parallel forces elongating the body axis." Development 128, no. 13 (2001): 2581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.13.2581.

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During amphibian development, non-canonical Wnt signals regulate the polarity of intercalating dorsal mesoderm cells during convergent extension. Cells of the overlying posterior neural ectoderm engage in similar morphogenetic cell movements. Important differences have been discerned in the cell behaviors associated with neural and mesodermal cell intercalation, raising the possibility that different mechanisms may control intercalations in these two tissues. In this report, targeted expression of mutants of Xenopus Dishevelled (Xdsh) to neural or mesodermal tissues elicited different defects that were consistent with inhibition of either neural or mesodermal convergent extension. Expression of mutant Xdsh also inhibited elongation of neural tissues in vitro in Keller sandwich explants and in vivo in neural plate grafts. Targeted expression of other Wnt signaling antagonists also inhibited neural convergent extension in whole embryos. In situ hybridization indicated that these defects were not due to changes in cell fate. Examination of embryonic phenotypes after inhibition of convergent extension in different tissues reveals a primary role for mesodermal convergent extension in axial elongation, and a role for neural convergent extension as an equalizing force to produce a straight axis. This study demonstrates that non-canonical Wnt signaling is a common mechanism controlling convergent extension in two very different tissues in the Xenopus embryo and may reflect a general conservation of control mechanisms in vertebrate convergent extension.

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17

Lv, Zichuan, Haining Cao, Shuai Zhou, et al. "The mechanism of bulky imidazolium cation storage in dual graphite batteries: a spectroscopic and theoretical investigation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 19 (2021): 11595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta00103e.

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The insights into cation storage in the shallow surface of the bulk GE provided by in situ XRD and in situ Raman spectroscopy is the combination of intercalation and intercalation pseudocapacitance and is dominated by the latter.

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18

Kobayashi, Hironori, Yuki Takenaka, Yoshinori Arachi, et al. "Study on Li de-intercalation/intercalation mechanism for a high capacity layered Li1.20Ni0.17Co0.10Mn0.53O2 material." Solid State Ionics 225 (October 2012): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2012.02.047.

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19

TRAN, N. H., M. A. WILSON, A. S. MILEV, G. R. DENNIS, and G. S. K. KANNANGARA. "MECHANISM OF SILICA NANO-PLATE FORMATION FROM LUCENTITE." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 02 (2007): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07009311.

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The mechanism of formation of silica nano-plates by exfoliation of a phyllosilicate magnesium containing clay, Lucentite, in an aqueous solution of poly(acrylic acid) has been studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Mg K -edge near edge X-ray adsorption fine structure (NEXAFS) analysis shows that non-surface (bulk) Mg ions were not chemically involved in the poly(acrylic acid)/clay intercalation, but were substantially involved in the exfoliation resulting in the silica nano-plates. During intercalation, O K -edge NEXAFS shows that surface defects were formed which represent additional structural branches on the surface. During exfoliation, these increased significantly. Si L3,2-edge NEXAFS measurements shows that this occurred by migration of SiO 4 groups within the exfoliated silica plates.

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20

Casal, B., E. Ruiz-Hitzky, M. Crespin, D. Tinet, and J. C. Galván. "Intercalation mechanism of nitrogenated bases into V2O5 xerogel." Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases 85, no. 12 (1989): 4167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/f19898504167.

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21

Sato, Yuta, Rika Hagiwara, and Yasuhiko Ito. "Thermal decomposition mechanism of fluorine–graphite intercalation compounds." Carbon 39, no. 6 (2001): 954–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6223(01)00037-9.

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22

KOBAYASHI, H., Y. ARACHI, S. EMURA, and K. TATSUMI. "Investigation on lithium de-intercalation mechanism for LiNi0.45Mn0.45Al0.1O2." Solid State Ionics 178, no. 15-18 (2007): 1101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2007.05.003.

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23

Powers, R., A. K. Ibrahim, G. O. Zimmerman, and M. Tahar. "Mechanism forc-axis conduction in graphite intercalation compounds." Physical Review B 38, no. 1 (1988): 680–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.38.680.

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24

NAGY, G., and R. SCHILLER. "Hydrogen in tungsten bronzes: mechanism of hydrogen intercalation." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 14, no. 8 (1989): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3199(89)90115-8.

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25

Khan, Ahmad Nawaz, Aneela Hayder, and Wei-Tsung Chuang. "Mechanism of Intercalation Extent in Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 40, no. 12 (2015): 3373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-015-1845-0.

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26

Zhu, Jianxi, Ping Zhang, Yanhong Qing, et al. "Novel intercalation mechanism of zwitterionic surfactant modified montmorillonites." Applied Clay Science 141 (June 2017): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.03.002.

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27

Tan, Hongbo, Benqing Gu, Baoguo Ma, Xin Li, Chaoliang Lin, and Xiangguo Li. "Mechanism of intercalation of polycarboxylate superplasticizer into montmorillonite." Applied Clay Science 129 (August 2016): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.04.020.

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28

Yu, Zhenzhu, Fei Nan, Lu Su, Shaofei Zhang, and Yan He. "Effect of Ammonium Bicarbonate on Intercalation and Exfoliation of Graphite Materials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (December 16, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5290496.

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Intercalation and exfoliation are key steps in the preparation of graphene by thermal exfoliation, and they determine the quality of the final product. Therefore, it is important to explore the influence of intercalation agents on the intercalation and exfoliation of graphite. In this article, ammonium bicarbonate is intercalated into graphite with different degrees of oxidation to form a graphite intercalation compound (GIC) by means of ultrasound and stirring. Then, they are exfoliated by being heated at high temperatures. After ammonium bicarbonate intercalation and heating treatment, XRD, TG, and BET show that the intercalation and exfoliation effect of graphite oxide (GO) is better than that of graphite (G) and expanded graphite (EG). The intercalation mechanism is that the ammonia molecule in ammonium bicarbonate solution contains a wedge-shaped structure and active point, which provides empty orbits for graphite electrons and forms edge intercalation through physical interaction at the same time.

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29

Rebitski, Ediana P., Pilar Aranda, Margarita Darder, Raffaele Carraro, and Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky. "Intercalation of metformin into montmorillonite." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 9 (2018): 3185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt04197g.

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30

Jawad, Bahaa, Lokendra Poudel, Rudolf Podgornik, Nicole F. Steinmetz, and Wai-Yim Ching. "Molecular mechanism and binding free energy of doxorubicin intercalation in DNA." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 7 (2019): 3877–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp06776g.

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31

BILL, A., R. WINDIKS, B. DELLEY, and V. Z. KRESIN. "HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN INTERCALATED MOLECULAR C60/CHX3(X=Cl, Br, I)." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 11n12 (2002): 1533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202011044.

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Intercalating polyatomic molecules into a superconductor strongly modifies its superconducting properties. A mechanism for a large increase in T c is proposed that explains recent experimental findings on C60/CHX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) . The increase of T c upon intercalation as well as upon Cl→Br substitution is described in terms of the additional contribution to pairing interaction arising from the coupling of holes (or electrons) to the vibrational manifold of the intercalated haloform molecules. We also present first optimization of the crystal structure and calculations of the band structure for neutral C60/CHCl3 .

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32

Vijaya Sankar, K., S. Surendran, K. Pandi, et al. "Studies on the electrochemical intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism of NiMn2O4 for high stable pseudocapacitor electrodes." RSC Advances 5, no. 35 (2015): 27649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra00407a.

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33

Touhara, H., K. Kadono, H. Imoto, N. Watanabe, A. Tressaud, and J. Grannec. "Some novel graphite intercalation compounds with involatile fluorides: Intercalation mechanism and in-plane electrical conductivity." Synthetic Metals 18, no. 1-3 (1987): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(87)90938-6.

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34

Remmert, Peter, and Hans-Ulrich Hummel. "Die Einlagerung von Pyridin in ternäre Übergangsmetalldisulfide Ta1-xMoxS2 / Intercalation of Pyridine into Ternary Transition Metal Disulfides Ta1-xMoxS2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 49, no. 10 (1994): 1387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1994-1013.

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AbstractTernary phases Ta1-xMoxS2 with 0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.55 have been investigated regarding their intercalation potential using pyridine as guest molecule. Intercalation yields hexagonal phases Ta1-xMoxS2·(pyridine)n. The different phases have been characterized by elemental analysis as well as TGA and powder diffraction patterns, which have been indexed using the space group P3m1. For the compound Ta0.65Mo0.35S2·(pyridine)0.38 a structural model was developed, based on powder diffraction data: P3m1, a = 3.275(2), c = 12.008(7)Å and Z = 1. During intercalation the stacking sequence of the host lattice is changed from BaB/AcA/CbC to BaB(pyr)/BaB(pyr). Intercalation of pyridine into Ta1-xMoxS2 proceeds via a two-step mechanism. In the first step orthorhombic phases are formed with reduced pyridine content as compared to the final intercalation product; e.g. Ta0.55Mo0.45S2·(pyridine)0.38. The first step intercalation compounds can be obtained by interruption of the intercalation reaction after 7 days.

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35

Köhler, Olaf, Dilip V. Jarikote, Ishwar Singh, Virinder S. Parmar, Elmar Weinhold, and Oliver Seitz. "Forced intercalation as a tool in gene diagnostics and in studying DNA–protein interactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, no. 1 (2005): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200577010327.

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Aromatic and heteroaromatic groups that are forced to intercalate at specific positions in DNA are versatile probes of DNA–DNA and DNA–protein recognition. Fluorescent nucleobases are of value since they are able to report on localized alterations of DNA duplex structure. However, the fluorescence of the vast majority of base surrogates becomes quenched upon intercalation in DNA. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-based probes are presented in which the intercalator dye thiazole orange (TO) serves as a fluorescent base surrogate. In these probes, fluorescence increases (5–60-fold) upon hybridization. PNA-bearing TO as fluorescent base surrogate could hence prove useful in real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) applications and in live cell analysis. Forced intercalation of aromatic polycycles can help to explore the binding mechanism of DNA-modifying enzymes. We discuss studies of DNA-methyltransferases (MTases) which commence methylation of nucleobases in DNA by flipping the target nucleotide completely out of the helix. A method for probing the base-flipping mechanism is suggested. It draws upon the observation that large hydrophobic base surrogates in the face of the swung-out base can enhance the DNA-enzyme binding affinity possibly by disrupting target base-stacking and stabilizing the apparent abasic site.

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Feng, Qiangqiang, Yanyan Liu, Jitong Yan, Wei Feng, Shaozheng Ji, and Yongfu Tang. "Novel K2Ti8O17 Anode via Na+/Al3+ Co-Intercalation Mechanism for Rechargeable Aqueous Al-Ion Battery with Superior Rate Capability." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (2021): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092332.

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A promising aqueous aluminum ion battery (AIB) was assembled using a novel layered K2Ti8O17 anode against an activated carbon coated on a Ti mesh cathode in an AlCl3-based aqueous electrolyte. The intercalation/deintercalation mechanism endowed the layered K2Ti8O17 as a promising anode for rechargeable aqueous AIBs. NaAc was introduced into the AlCl3 aqueous electrolyte to enhance the cycling stability of the assembled aqueous AIB. The as-designed AIB displayed a high discharge voltage near 1.6 V, and a discharge capacity of up to 189.6 mAh g−1. The assembled AIB lit up a commercial light-emitting diode (LED) lasting more than one hour. Inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) were employed to investigate the intercalation/deintercalation mechanism of Na+/Al3+ ions in the aqueous AIB. The results indicated that the layered structure facilitated the intercalation/deintercalation of Na+/Al3+ ions, thus providing a high-rate performance of the K2Ti8O17 anode. The diffusion-controlled electrochemical characteristics and the reduction of Ti4+ species during the discharge process illustrated the intercalation/deintercalation mechanism of the K2Ti8O17 anode. This study provides not only insight into the charge–discharge mechanism of the K2Ti8O17 anode but also a novel strategy to design rechargeable aqueous AIBs.

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37

Lu, Xianlu, Xuenan Pan, Dongdong Zhang, et al. "Robust high-temperature potassium-ion batteries enabled by carboxyl functional group energy storage." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 35 (2021): e2110912118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110912118.

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The popularly reported energy storage mechanisms of potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are based on alloy-, de-intercalation-, and conversion-type processes, which inevitably lead to structural damage of the electrodes caused by intercalation/de-intercalation of K+ with a relatively large radius, which is accompanied by poor cycle stabilities. Here, we report the exploration of robust high-temperature PIBs enabled by a carboxyl functional group energy storage mechanism, which is based on an example of p-phthalic acid (PTA) with two carboxyl functional groups as the redox centers. In such a case, the intercalation/de-intercalation of K+ can be performed via surface reactions with relieved volume change, thus favoring excellent cycle stability for PIBs against high temperatures. As proof of concept, at the fixed working temperature of 62.5 °C, the initial discharge and charge specific capacities of the PTA electrode are ∼660 and 165 mA⋅h⋅g−1, respectively, at a current density of 100 mA⋅g−1, with 86% specific capacity retention after 160 cycles. Meanwhile, it delivers 81.5% specific capacity retention after 390 cycles under a high current density of 500 mA⋅g−1. The cycle stabilities achieved under both low and high current densities are the best among those of high-temperature PIBs reported previously.

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38

Wu, Limei, Shiyue Cao, and Guocheng Lv. "Influence of Energy State of Montmorillonite Interlayer Cations on Organic Intercalation." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (November 13, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3489720.

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It is well known that the intercalation of montmorillonite (Mt) with organic cations is a fast process. During the intercalation, the interaction between the original cations and the structure layer of Mt keeps changing, and the basal spacing of Mt keeps increasing until an organic environment has been built in the interlayer. Many properties of Mt also change during the intercalation, such as hydrophobic or hydrophilic property and thermal stability. In this research, the impact of intercalation on the properties of Mt was studied by investigating the change in basal spacing and energy that coordinates the interlayer cations during the intercalation of Mt with organic cations. The interaction between interlayer cations and the layers in the Mt structure and the change in the system energy were obtained by using molecular dynamics simulation. All the experiment and calculation results provide a theoretical proof in organic intercalation mechanism.

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39

Zhao, Yajun, Tao Sun, Qing Yin, et al. "Discovery of a new intercalation-type anode for high-performance sodium ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 25 (2019): 15371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta03753e.

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A CoFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) pillared by nitrates as an anode for sodium ion batteries exhibits high capacity with excellent cycling stability. An exceptional intercalation/de-intercalation mechanism for Na<sup>+</sup> storage has been revealed in metal hydroxides, rather than the routinely believed conversion reaction presenting in lithium ion batteries.

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Kaloni, T. P., M. Upadhyay Kahaly, Y. C. Cheng, and U. Schwingenschlögl. "Mechanism of Si intercalation in defective graphene on SiC." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 44 (2012): 23340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2jm35127g.

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Takada, Yasutami. "Mechanism of Superconductivity in Graphite Intercalation Compounds Including CaC6." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 22, no. 1 (2008): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-008-0355-7.

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Fragnaud, P., R. Brec, E. Prouzet, and P. Deniard. "Reassessing of the lithium intercalation mechanism in layered nickel." Materials Research Bulletin 28, no. 4 (1993): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(93)90066-m.

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Liu, Xiaocai, Xingming Wang, and Lisheng Ding. "Mechanisms of the interaction between Pr(DNR)3 and Herring-Sperm DNA." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 76, no. 10 (2011): 1365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc100826121l.

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Research on the interaction mechanism of drugs with DNA is essential to understand their pharmacokinetics. The interaction between rare earth complexes Pr(DNR)3 and Herring-Sperm DNA was studied in Tris-HCl buffer solution (pH 7.4) by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. The results showed that the modes of interaction between Pr(DNR)3 and Herring-Sperm DNA were electrostatic and intercalation. The binding ratio was nPr(DNA)3 ? nDNA = 5?1 and the binding constant was K?292K = 4.34?10exp3 L mol-1. Furthermore, according to the double reciprocal method and the thermodynamic equation, the intercalative interaction was cooperatively driven by an enthalpy effect and an entropy effect.

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Skowronski, J. M. "Studies on the mechanism of electrochemical intercalation of sulphuric acid into chromium trioxide-graphite intercalation compounds." Synthetic Metals 55, no. 2-3 (1993): 1447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(93)90266-y.

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Verguts, Ken, João Coroa, Cedric Huyghebaert, Stefan De Gendt, and Steven Brems. "Graphene delamination using ‘electrochemical methods’: an ion intercalation effect." Nanoscale 10, no. 12 (2018): 5515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr00335a.

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Tang, Wufei, Hongfei Li, Sheng Zhang, Jun Sun, and Xiaoyu Gu. "The intercalation of ammonium sulfamate into kaolinite and its effect on the fire performance of polypropylene." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 31, no. 10 (2017): 1352–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705717738291.

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Kaolinite has often been intercalated before being introduced into polymers to improve its dispersibility; however, the conventional intercalation usually reduces the flame retardancy of the composite. This work reports our recent efforts on improving both the flame retardant efficiency and dispersibility of kaolinite in polypropylene (PP) by intercalating with ammonium sulfamate (AS). The intercalation had been performed through three steps: dimethyl sulfoxide was firstly introduced into kaolinite layers under supersonic wave, then it was replaced by potassium acetate-aqueous (KAc), and finally the intercalated KAc was replaced by AS to obtain AS-intercalated kaolinite. The structure of intercalated kaolinite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The flammability evaluation by limit oxygen index, vertical burning test (UL-94), cone calorimeters test (CONE), and TGA indicated that the fire resistance, thermal stability, and physical properties of PP can be effectively enhanced by the introduction of AS-intercalated kaolinite. The peak heat release rate (pHRR) value of PP composite containing only 1.5 wt% intercalated kaolinite (1169 kW m−2) had been reduced 13.2% compared with that of the sample containing 1.5 wt% raw kaolinite (1346 kW m−2). The morphology analysis from scanning electron microscope images and XRD patterns demonstrated that the compatibility and dispersibility of kaolinite in PP had been significantly improved by intercalation. The flame retardant mechanism of AS-intercalated kaolinite in PP was proposed.

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Wang, Xiaolong, Baolin Liu, and Peizhi Yu. "Research on the Preparation and Mechanism of the Organic Montmorillonite and Its Application in Drilling Fluid." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/514604.

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The study focused on the relation of structure, property, and application of composite prepared by organic cation intercalated montmorillonite (Mt). Herein a new kind of green and steady ionic liquid, 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride monohydrate (C12mimCl), was chosen as the intercalated agent. This study used molecular dynamics (MD) modeling to examine the interlayer microstructures of montmorillonite intercalated with C12mimCl. The C12mimCl intercalation was relatively fast with a large rate constant. The process was affected by the initial concentration of the solution; the basal spacing increased to 2.08 nm after intercalation. The coordination of electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding expelled water molecules out of the clay gallery and bound the layer together, which led to the dehydration of clay. The intercalation of C12minCl into Mt interlayer space affected rheology of the system and improved various properties. This organic clay composite was environmentally friendly and could be used in drilling fluid system. These models provided insights into the prediction of synthesized organic cationic-clay microstructure and guidelines for relevant engineering applications.

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Shakya, Suman, and G. Vijaya Prakash. "Formation of PbO hexagonal nanosheets and their conversion into luminescent inorganic–organic perovskite nanosheets: growth and mechanism." RSC Advances 5, no. 35 (2015): 27946–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra00809c.

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Mi, Ran, Xiao-Ting Bai, Bao Tu, and Yan-Jun Hu. "Unraveling the coptisine–ctDNA binding mechanism by multispectroscopic, electrochemical and molecular docking methods." RSC Advances 5, no. 59 (2015): 47367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra08790b.

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This study provides evidences of coptisine–DNA intercalation, which may help to develop new efficient, safe probes for the fluorometric detection of DNA instead of traditional toxic and carcinogenic probes.

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Li, Chao, Xiaoshi Hu, Xiaobing Lou, et al. "The organic-moiety-dominated Li+ intercalation/deintercalation mechanism of a cobalt-based metal–organic framework." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 41 (2016): 16245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta06413b.

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