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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Interconnected electric utility systems Electric power

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Academic literature on the topic 'Interconnected electric utility systems Electric power'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Interconnected electric utility systems Electric power"

1

Imdadullah, Basem Alamri, Md Alamgir Hossain, and M. S. Jamil Asghar. "Electric Power Network Interconnection: A Review on Current Status, Future Prospects and Research Direction." Electronics 10, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172179.

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An interconnection of electric power networks enables decarbonization of the electricity system by harnessing and sharing large amounts of renewable energy. The highest potential renewable energy areas are often far from load centers, integrated through long-distance transmission interconnections. The transmission interconnection mitigates the variability of renewable energy sources by importing and exporting electricity between neighbouring regions. This paper presents an overview of regional and global energy consumption trends by use of fuel. A large power grid interconnection, including renewable energy and its integration into the utility grid, and globally existing large power grid interconnections are also presented. The technologies used for power grid interconnections include HVAC, HVDC (including LCC, VSC comprising of MMC-VSC, HVDC light), VFT, and newly proposed FASAL are discussed with their potential projects. Future trends of grid interconnection, including clean energy initiatives and developments, UHV AC and DC transmission systems, and smart grid developments, are presented in detail. A review of regional and global initiatives in the context of a sustainable future by implementing electric energy interconnections is presented. It presents the associated challenges and benefits of globally interconnected power grids and intercontinental interconnectors. Finally, in this paper, research directions in clean and sustainable energy, smart grid, UHV transmission systems that facilitate the global future grid interconnection goal are addressed.

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Ribarov, Lubomir A., and David S. Liscinsky. "Microgrid Viability for Small-Scale Cooling, Heating, and Power." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 129, no. 1 (May 9, 2006): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2424967.

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Cooling, heating, and power (CHP) energy systems provide higher fuel efficiency than conventional systems, resulting in reduced fuel consumption, reduced emissions, and other environmental benefits. Until recently the focus of CHP system development has been primarily on medium-scale commercial applications in a limited number of market segments where clear value propositions lead to short term payback. Small-scale integrated CHP systems that show promise of achieving economic viability through significant improvements in fuel utilization have received increased attention lately. In this paper the economic potential is quantified for small-scale (microgrid) integrated CHP systems suitable for groups of buildings with aggregate electric loads in the 15-120kW range. Technologies are evaluated for community building groups (CBGs) consisting of aggregation of pure residential entities and combined residential and light commercial entities. Emphasis is on determination of the minimum load size (i.e., the smallest electric and thermal load for a given CBG that is supplied with electric, heating, cooling power from a CHP) for which a microgrid CHP system is both technically and economically viable. In this paper, the operation of the CHP system is parallel with the public utility grid at all times, i.e., the grid is interconnected. Evaluations of CHP technology options using simulation studies in a “three-dimensional” space (CHP technology option, CBG load aggregation, and geographical location in the USA) were evaluated based on comparisons of net present value (NPV). The simulations indicated that as electric load increases, the viability of the CHP system (independent of the system’s size) becomes more favorable. Exceeding a system runtime (utilization) of 70% was shown to pass the break-even line in the NPV analysis. Finally, geographic location was found to have a relatively weak effect on the reported trends. These results suggest that microgrid CHP systems have the potential to be economically viable with relative independence of geographic location if adequately sized to match the specific load requirements.

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3

Ilić, Marija D., and Xiaojun Shell Liu. "A modeling and control framework for operating large-scale electric power systems under present and newly evolving competitive industry structures." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 1, no. 4 (1995): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1024123x95000196.

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This paper introduces a systematic, structure-based modeling framework for analysis and control of electric power systems for processes evolving over the mid-term and long-term time horizons. Much simpler models than the detailed dynamics specifically for control design at different hierarchical levels are obtained by applying both temporal and spatial separation. These simple models, or the aggregate models, represent the net effect of interactions among interconnected regions on specific hierarchical levels. They are exact, since no assumptions on weak interconnections among the subsystems are made. Moreover they are easily understood in terms of power flows among the regions. The approach is essential for improving present performance of the system. It is also potentially useful in a competitive utility environment in which it is critical to study the interplay between technical and economic processes.

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Ramesh Babu, P., and P. Murugesan. "Utility of Physical Infrastructure and Rural Development: An Analysis of Physical Infrastructures in Kalvarayan Hills Block, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.3.1474.

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Infrastructure is generally a set of interconnected structural elements that provide the framework supporting an entire structure. The term has diverse meanings in different fields, but is perhaps most widely understood to refer to roads, airports, and utilities. It involves the following:-Physical structures that form the foundation for development. Infrastructure includes: wastewater and water works, electric power, communications. Basic services necessary for development to take place are for example, roads, and electricity, Sewerage, water, education and health facilities. The public facilities and services needed to support residential development, including highways, bridges, schools and sewer and water systems. Permanent resources serving society’s needs, including roads, sewers, schools, hospitals. Railways, communication networks etc. Lack of infrastructure is the main obstacle for the economic development of the rural area; mass poverty leads to poor health, backwardness, illiteracy, ignorance, and isolation; these social conditions working further as a cycle to encircle the pro poor marginalized people in the strong bound of poverty line.

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Laslett, Dean. "Can high levels of renewable energy be cost effective using battery storage? Cost of renewable energy scenarios for an isolated electric grid in Western Australia." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 5 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2020001.

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Many simulations of very high or 100% renewable energy electricity systems rely on existing or expanded capacity of utility scale power technologies with long construction lead times, such as hydro power or pumped hydro power. However, globally, the shorter lead time and more distributed technologies of wind power, solar PV, and batteries are expanding rapidly, and costs are falling. Can a grid get to high levels of renewable energy with these technologies alone, along with energy efficiency improvements, at reasonable cost? To address this question, scenarios of partial (<100%) renewable electricity supply were simulated for the South-West Interconnected System (SWIS) in the southwest of Western Australia. The SWIS is isolated from other grids, so power balance between supply and demand must be maintained completely within the grid, and there is no significant hydropower capacity to fall back on. Even with no improvement in cost and no carbon price, the partial renewable energy scenarios were found to be less expensive than a fossil fuel “business as usual” scenario up to about 70% renewable generation. With carbon prices of $24/tonne and $70/tonne, the same scenarios were less expensive up to around 80% and 96% renewable generation respectively. Hence at current costs, using solar PV, wind, energy efficiency and battery storage technologies are cost effective up to very high levels of renewable energy, but not 100%. However the cost of these technologies are falling rapidly. A simple way to include these continuous cost improvements into the levelised cost of energy calculation was developed, and it was found that if the costs of solar, wind and battery technologies continue to improve at current global rates, then the break even level with conventional generation increases significantly, up to 99% or above with a carbon price of $70/tonne and current Australian installed capacity growth rates. Hence a battery based system operating at almost 100% renewable energy which is no more expensive than a conventional fossil system is foreseeable for the SWIS grid, and perhaps other grids as well.

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6

Abdullah M., Al-Shalaan. "Reliability/Cost Tradeoff Evaluation for Interconnected Electric Power Systems." International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems 6, no. 6 (January 11, 2017): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/ijcds/060607.

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7

Huggins, Mark, and Michael Mirsky. "Optimal Energy Transactions in Interconnected Electric Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems PAS-104, no. 11 (November 1985): 2994–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1985.318940.

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Anvar, Mahmood. "Decentralized control of interconnected electric power systems in competitive markets." Electric Power Systems Research 35, no. 1 (October 1995): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(95)00988-4.

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EL-SHAL, SHENDY M., and JAMES S. THORP. "Microprocessor systems for real-time phasor measurements on interconnected electric power systems." International Journal of Systems Science 21, no. 8 (August 1990): 1673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207729008910483.

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Kumar, Ganisetti Vijay, Min-Ze Lu, and Chang-Ming Liaw. "Interconnected Operations of Electric Vehicle to Grid and Microgrid." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 03, no. 02 (November 19, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2102023.

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This paper presents the development of a high-performance electric vehicle (EV) synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) drive and its vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-microgrid (V2M) bidirectional operations. The EV motor drive boostable DC-link voltage is established by a battery through a bilateral interface boost-buck DC-DC converter for good driving performance over a wide speed range. The motor efficiency is 92.3% near the rated load. In idle conditions, the embedded interface converter and inverter of the motor drive can be arranged to perform the G2V/V2G operations by adding external LC low-pass filters. The on-board battery can be charged from the mains in G2V mode with good line-drawn power quality. Alternatively, in V2G mode, the battery can send the preset power back to the utility grid with good current waveform quality. Besides, the same schematics can also conduct the M2V/V2M operations. A wind switched-reluctance generator (SRG) based microgrid is used as a test plant. The EV mobile energy storage application to microgrids is successfully offered through the arranged controls for effectively utilizing renewable sources. The measured results verify the normal operations with satisfactory performances for all power stages and operation cases.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interconnected electric utility systems Electric power"

1

Jiang, Haibo. "Robust control strategies for the transient control of interconnected power systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15728.

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Abayateye, Julius. "Study of bundling reactive power and transaction charges with generation cost in an interconnected power system a thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School, Tennessee Technological University /." Click to access online, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1759989191&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1268411282&clientId=28564.

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Thompson, Jeffrey Craig. "An expert system for protection system design of interconnected electrical distribution circuits." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170345/.

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Du, Zhaobin. "Area COI-based slow frequency dynamics modeling, analysis and emergency control for interconnected power systems." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4175783X.

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Bi, Tianshu. "Distributed intelligent system for on-line fault section estimation of large-scale power networks." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576714.

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Du, Zhaobin, and 杜兆斌. "Area COI-based slow frequency dynamics modeling, analysis and emergency control for interconnected power systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4175783X.

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Murray, William Norman. "Energy wheeling viability of distributed renewable energy for industry." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2730.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
Industry, which forms the lifeblood of South Africa’s economy, is under threat as a result of increased electricity pricing and unstable supply. Wheeling of energy, which is a method to transport electricity generated from an Independent Power Producer (IPP) to an industrial consumer via the utility’s network, could potentially address this problem. Unlike South Africa’s electricity landscape, which is highly regulated and monopolized by Eskom, most developed countries have deregulated their electricity market, which has led to greater competition for electricity supply. This thesis, presents an evaluation of the economic viability and technical concerns arising from third party transportation of energy between an IPP and an industrial consumer. IPP’s are able to generate electricity from various renewable distributed generation (DG) sources, which are often physically removed from the load. In practice, electricity could be generated by an IPP and connected to a nearby Main Transmission Substation (MTS) in a region with high solar, wind or hydropower resources and sold to off-takers a few hundred kilometres away. Using two software simulation packages, technical and economic analysis have been conducted based on load data from two industrial sites, to determine the viability of wheeling energy between an IPP and off-taker. The viability will be evaluated based on levelized cost of electricity (LCOE); net present cost (NPC); DG technology; distance from the load; available renewable resources; impact on voltage profile, fault contribution, thermal loading of the equipment and power loss. The results from both case studies show that the impact of DG on the voltage profile is negligible. The greatest impact on voltage profile was found to be at the site closest to the load. Asynchronous and synchronous generators have a greater fault contribution than inverter-based DG. The fault contribution is proportional to the distance from the load. Overall, thermal loading of lines increased marginally, but decreased based on distances from the load. Power loss on short lines is negligible but there is a significant loss on the line between the load and DG based on the distance from the load. Electricity generated from wind power is the most viable based on LCOE and NPC. For larger wind systems, as illustrated by the second case study, grid parity has already been reached. Wheeling of wind energy has already proven to be an economically viable option. According to future cost projection, large scale solar energy will become viable by 2019. The concept of wheeling energy between an IPP and off-taker has technical and economic merit. Wheeling charges are perceived to be high, but this is not the case as wheeling tariffs consist of standard network charges. In the future, renewable energy will continue to mature based on technology and cost. Solar energy, including lithium-ion battery back-up technology, looks promising based on future cost projections. Deregulation of the electricity market holds the key to the successful implementation of energy wheeling as it will open the market up for greater competition.

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畢天姝 and Tianshu Bi. "Distributed intelligent system for on-line fault section estimation oflarge-scale power networks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576714.

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Brown, Nathan L. "An evaluation of transfer capability limitations and solutions for South Mississippi Electric Power Association." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2002. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03252002-094046.

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Chaudhary, Arvind K. S. "Protection system representation in the Electromagnetic Transients Program." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134541/.

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Books on the topic "Interconnected electric utility systems Electric power"

1

Acton, Jan Paul. The economics of bulk power exchanges. Santa Monica, CA (P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica 90406-2138): Rand, 1985.

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Hydro, Ontario. Electric Power in Ontario. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Wan, Yih-huei. Distributed utility technology cost, performance, and environmental characteristics. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1995.

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Maine. Legislature. Joint Standing Committee on Utilities. Electric power transmission & purchases: Report of a study. Augusta, Me. (Rm. 101, State House, Sta. 13, Augusta 04333): Office of Policy and Legal Analysis, 1986.

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Bacon, Lise. Power transfers in the Northeast. [Montréal]: Direction des communications of the ministère de l'Energie et des ressources, 1990.

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Barnes, P. R. The integration of renewable energy sources into electric power distribution systems. Oak Ridge, Tenn: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1994.

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E, Mariani. Control of modern integrated power systems. London: Springer, 1997.

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Centolella, Paul. The organization of competitive wholesale power markets and spot price pools. [S. l.]: National Council on Competition and the Electric Industry, 1996.

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Administration, Bonneville Power. Long-term intertie access policy: Governing transactions over federally owned portions of the Pacific Northwest-Pacific Southwest Intertie. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, 1988.

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de, Castro Nivalde José, and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Grupo de Estudos do Setor Elétrico, eds. V SISEE, Seminário Internacional do Setor de Energia Elétrica. Brasília: Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Interconnected electric utility systems Electric power"

1

Ilić, Marija D., and Shell Liu. "Performance Criteria Relevant to Operating Interconnected Electric Power Systems." In Hierarchical Power Systems Control, 23–60. London: Springer London, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3461-9_3.

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Kumar, L. Ashok, and S. Albert Alexander. "LCL Filter Design for Grid-Interconnected Systems." In Computational Paradigm Techniques for Enhancing Electric Power Quality, 409–16. First edition. | New York, NY : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429442711-12.

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Gaiceanu, Marian, Vasile Solcanu, Theodora Gaiceanu, and Iulian Ghenea. "Numerical Methods of Electric Power Flow in Interconnected Systems." In Numerical Methods for Energy Applications, 901–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62191-9_33.

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"Electric Utility Power Systems." In Understanding Electric Utilities and De-Regulation, 231–60. CRC Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420028263.ch9.

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"Interconnected Power Systems." In Electric Power System Basics for the Nonelectrical Professional, 165–86. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119180227.ch8.

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"Chapter 14Energy Storage Systems for Electric Power Utility Systems." In Electric Power Distribution Engineering, 861–78. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16455-18.

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"Electric Utility Markets in the United States." In Restructured Electrical Power Systems, 75–128. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315214894-2.

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"Electric Utility Markets Outside the United States." In Restructured Electrical Power Systems, 397–444. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315214894-9.

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Brooks, Bill, and Sean White. "Article 705 interconnected electric power production sources." In Photovoltaic Systems and the National Electric Code, 138–67. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315110301-10.

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Fickett, Arnold P. "Fuel Cells for Electric Utility Power Generation." In Advances in Energy Systems and Technology, 1–73. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-014905-6.50004-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Interconnected electric utility systems Electric power"

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El-Tamaly, H. H., and Adel A. Elbaset Mohammed. "Modeling and simulation of Photovoltaic/Wind Hybrid Electric Power System Interconnected with electrical utility." In 2008 12th International Middle East Power System Conference - MEPCON. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mepcon.2008.4562376.

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Jia-an, Zhang, and Zhang Na. "Cooperative grid modeling for interconnected multilevel multi-area power systems." In 2011 4th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2011.5994071.

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Yang, Zhou, Wang Kui, and Zhang Buhan. "A real-time dynamic equivalent solution for large interconnected power systems." In 2011 4th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2011.5994014.

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Moraes, Rui M., Hector A. R. Volskis, and Yi Hu. "Deploying a large-scale PMU system for the Brazilian interconnected power system." In 2008 Third International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2008.4523392.

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Fang, Chen, Zhang Li, and Li Weiwei. "A decomposition and coordination power system loss calculation for multi-area interconnected system." In 2011 4th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2011.5993991.

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Li, Mei, Ni Zeng, Yuanfang Zeng, Shuang Zhao, Pei Bie, Jiasi Wu, Hang Li, Ruoxi Zhu, Buhan Zhang, and Xu Zheng. "Dynamic stability analysis of the interconnected power system with Mengxi UHVDC integration." In 2015 5th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2015.7432439.

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Yufei, Teng, Wang Xifan, Ning Lianhui, Meng Yongqing, and Song Zhuoyan. "Unified iterative method to calculate power flow of the interconnected system with Fractional Frequency Transmission System." In 2011 4th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2011.5993931.

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Wu, Wei, Hong Rao, Chao Hong, and Yongjun Liu. "Real-time transient instability monitoring and determination for large-scale AC/DC interconnected power system using synchronized phasor measurements." In 2015 5th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2015.7432441.

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Ribarov, Lubomir A., and David S. Liscinsky. "Microgrid Viability for Small-Scale Cooling, Heating, and Power." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50045.

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Cooling, Heating, and Power (CHP) energy systems provide higher fuel efficiency than conventional systems, resulting in reduced emissions and other environmental benefits. Until recently the focus of CHP system development has been primarily on medium-scale commercial applications in a limited number of market segments where clear value propositions lead to short term payback. Small-scale integrated CHP systems that show promise of achieving economic viability through significant improvements in fuel utilization have received increased attention lately. In this paper the economic potential is quantified for small-scale (micro-grid) integrated CHP systems suitable for groups of buildings with aggregate electric loads in the 15 kW–120 kW range. Technologies are evaluated for community building groups (CBGs) consisting of aggregation of pure residential entities and combined residential and light commercial entities. Emphasis is on determination of the minimum load size (i.e. the smallest electric and thermal load for a given CBG that is supplied with electric, heating, cooling power from a CHP) for which a micro-grid CHP system is both technically and economically viable. In this paper, the operation of the CHP system is parallel with the public utility grid at all times, i.e. the grid is interconnected. Evaluations of CHP technology options using simulation studies in a “three-dimensional” space (CHP technology option, CBG load aggregation, and geographical location in the USA) were evaluated based on comparisons of net present value (NPV). The simulations indicated that as electric load increases, the viability of the CHP system (independent of the system’s size) becomes more favorable. Exceeding a system runtime (utilization) of 70% was shown to pass the break-even line in the NPV analysis. Finally, geographic location was found to have a relatively weak effect on the reported trends. These results suggest that micro grid CHP systems have the potential to be economically viable with relative independence of geographic location if adequately sized to match the load requirements.

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Janko, Samantha, and Nathan G. Johnson. "Design of an Agent-Based Technique for Controlling Interconnected Distributed Energy Resource Transactions." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68346.

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Electricity has traditionally been a commodity that is bought and sold through a rigid marketplace between an electric utility and a ratepayer. Today, however, the electricity market is rapidly evolving to be comprised of distributed energy resources and microgrids that change the structure of the technical and financial relationship between utilities and ratepayers. Regulation, a reduction in cost of renewable energy technologies, interoperability and improved communications, and public interest in green power are facilitating this transition. Microgrids require an additional layer of control, often use preprogrammed rule sets, and lack bi-directional self-awareness, self-management, and self-diagnostics necessary to dynamically adapt to changes on-site and in the grid. Research is needed in optimization and controls. This study explores the viability of self-organizing control algorithms to manage multiple distributed energy resources within a distribution network and reduce electricity cost to one or more ratepayers having such resources installed on-site. Such research provides insight into the transition from a traditional power distribution architecture into a flexible smart network that is better prepared for future technological advances, renewables integration, and customer-side control. Agent-based techniques are employed for least-cost optimization and implements these to manage transactions between three decentralized distributed energy resource systems within an electrical network.

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Reports on the topic "Interconnected electric utility systems Electric power"

1

Veselka, T. D., E. C. Portante, and V. Koritarov. Impacts of Western Area Power Administration`s power marketing alternatives on electric utility systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/203487.

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Zaininger, H. W. The Integration of Renewable Energy Sources into Electric Power Distribution Systems, Vol. II Utility Case Assessments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814519.

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Zaininger, H. W., P. R. Ellis, and J. C. Schaefer. The integration of renewable energy sources into electric power distribution systems. Volume 2, Utility case assessments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10170818.

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Rusk, Todd, Ryan Siegel, Linda Larsen, Tim Lindsey, and Brian Deal. Technical and Financial Feasibility Study for Installation of Solar Panels at IDOT-owned Facilities. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-024.

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Abstract:

The Smart Energy Design Assistance Center assessed the administrative, technical, and economic aspects of feasibility related to the procurement and installation of photovoltaic solar systems on IDOT-owned buildings and lands. To address administrative feasibility, we explored three main ways in which IDOT could procure solar projects: power purchase agreement (PPA), direct purchase, and land lease development. Of the three methods, PPA and direct purchase are most applicable for IDOT. While solar development is not free of obstacles for IDOT, it is administratively feasible, and regulatory hurdles can be adequately met given suitable planning and implementation. To evaluate IDOT assets for solar feasibility, more than 1,000 IDOT sites were screened and narrowed using spatial analytic tools. A stakeholder feedback process was used to select five case study sites that allowed for a range of solar development types, from large utility-scale projects to small rooftop systems. To evaluate financial feasibility, discussions with developers and datapoints from the literature were used to create financial models. A large solar project request by IDOT can be expected to generate considerable attention from developers and potentially attractive PPA pricing that would generate immediate cash flow savings for IDOT. Procurement partnerships with other state agencies will create opportunities for even larger projects with better pricing. However, in the near term, it may be difficult for IDOT to identify small rooftop or other small on-site solar projects that are financially feasible. This project identified two especially promising solar sites so that IDOT can evaluate other solar site development opportunities in the future. This project also developed a web-based decision-support tool so IDOT can identify potential sites and develop preliminary indications of feasibility. We recommend that IDOT begin the process of developing at least one of their large sites to support solar electric power generation.

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