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Journal articles on the topic 'Interconnected electric utility systems Electric power'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Imdadullah, Basem Alamri, Md Alamgir Hossain, and M. S. Jamil Asghar. "Electric Power Network Interconnection: A Review on Current Status, Future Prospects and Research Direction." Electronics 10, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172179.

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An interconnection of electric power networks enables decarbonization of the electricity system by harnessing and sharing large amounts of renewable energy. The highest potential renewable energy areas are often far from load centers, integrated through long-distance transmission interconnections. The transmission interconnection mitigates the variability of renewable energy sources by importing and exporting electricity between neighbouring regions. This paper presents an overview of regional and global energy consumption trends by use of fuel. A large power grid interconnection, including renewable energy and its integration into the utility grid, and globally existing large power grid interconnections are also presented. The technologies used for power grid interconnections include HVAC, HVDC (including LCC, VSC comprising of MMC-VSC, HVDC light), VFT, and newly proposed FASAL are discussed with their potential projects. Future trends of grid interconnection, including clean energy initiatives and developments, UHV AC and DC transmission systems, and smart grid developments, are presented in detail. A review of regional and global initiatives in the context of a sustainable future by implementing electric energy interconnections is presented. It presents the associated challenges and benefits of globally interconnected power grids and intercontinental interconnectors. Finally, in this paper, research directions in clean and sustainable energy, smart grid, UHV transmission systems that facilitate the global future grid interconnection goal are addressed.

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Ribarov, Lubomir A., and David S. Liscinsky. "Microgrid Viability for Small-Scale Cooling, Heating, and Power." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 129, no. 1 (May 9, 2006): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2424967.

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Cooling, heating, and power (CHP) energy systems provide higher fuel efficiency than conventional systems, resulting in reduced fuel consumption, reduced emissions, and other environmental benefits. Until recently the focus of CHP system development has been primarily on medium-scale commercial applications in a limited number of market segments where clear value propositions lead to short term payback. Small-scale integrated CHP systems that show promise of achieving economic viability through significant improvements in fuel utilization have received increased attention lately. In this paper the economic potential is quantified for small-scale (microgrid) integrated CHP systems suitable for groups of buildings with aggregate electric loads in the 15-120kW range. Technologies are evaluated for community building groups (CBGs) consisting of aggregation of pure residential entities and combined residential and light commercial entities. Emphasis is on determination of the minimum load size (i.e., the smallest electric and thermal load for a given CBG that is supplied with electric, heating, cooling power from a CHP) for which a microgrid CHP system is both technically and economically viable. In this paper, the operation of the CHP system is parallel with the public utility grid at all times, i.e., the grid is interconnected. Evaluations of CHP technology options using simulation studies in a “three-dimensional” space (CHP technology option, CBG load aggregation, and geographical location in the USA) were evaluated based on comparisons of net present value (NPV). The simulations indicated that as electric load increases, the viability of the CHP system (independent of the system’s size) becomes more favorable. Exceeding a system runtime (utilization) of 70% was shown to pass the break-even line in the NPV analysis. Finally, geographic location was found to have a relatively weak effect on the reported trends. These results suggest that microgrid CHP systems have the potential to be economically viable with relative independence of geographic location if adequately sized to match the specific load requirements.

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Ilić, Marija D., and Xiaojun Shell Liu. "A modeling and control framework for operating large-scale electric power systems under present and newly evolving competitive industry structures." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 1, no. 4 (1995): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1024123x95000196.

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This paper introduces a systematic, structure-based modeling framework for analysis and control of electric power systems for processes evolving over the mid-term and long-term time horizons. Much simpler models than the detailed dynamics specifically for control design at different hierarchical levels are obtained by applying both temporal and spatial separation. These simple models, or the aggregate models, represent the net effect of interactions among interconnected regions on specific hierarchical levels. They are exact, since no assumptions on weak interconnections among the subsystems are made. Moreover they are easily understood in terms of power flows among the regions. The approach is essential for improving present performance of the system. It is also potentially useful in a competitive utility environment in which it is critical to study the interplay between technical and economic processes.

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Ramesh Babu, P., and P. Murugesan. "Utility of Physical Infrastructure and Rural Development: An Analysis of Physical Infrastructures in Kalvarayan Hills Block, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.3.1474.

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Infrastructure is generally a set of interconnected structural elements that provide the framework supporting an entire structure. The term has diverse meanings in different fields, but is perhaps most widely understood to refer to roads, airports, and utilities. It involves the following:-Physical structures that form the foundation for development. Infrastructure includes: wastewater and water works, electric power, communications. Basic services necessary for development to take place are for example, roads, and electricity, Sewerage, water, education and health facilities. The public facilities and services needed to support residential development, including highways, bridges, schools and sewer and water systems. Permanent resources serving society’s needs, including roads, sewers, schools, hospitals. Railways, communication networks etc. Lack of infrastructure is the main obstacle for the economic development of the rural area; mass poverty leads to poor health, backwardness, illiteracy, ignorance, and isolation; these social conditions working further as a cycle to encircle the pro poor marginalized people in the strong bound of poverty line.

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5

Laslett, Dean. "Can high levels of renewable energy be cost effective using battery storage? Cost of renewable energy scenarios for an isolated electric grid in Western Australia." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 5 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2020001.

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Many simulations of very high or 100% renewable energy electricity systems rely on existing or expanded capacity of utility scale power technologies with long construction lead times, such as hydro power or pumped hydro power. However, globally, the shorter lead time and more distributed technologies of wind power, solar PV, and batteries are expanding rapidly, and costs are falling. Can a grid get to high levels of renewable energy with these technologies alone, along with energy efficiency improvements, at reasonable cost? To address this question, scenarios of partial (<100%) renewable electricity supply were simulated for the South-West Interconnected System (SWIS) in the southwest of Western Australia. The SWIS is isolated from other grids, so power balance between supply and demand must be maintained completely within the grid, and there is no significant hydropower capacity to fall back on. Even with no improvement in cost and no carbon price, the partial renewable energy scenarios were found to be less expensive than a fossil fuel “business as usual” scenario up to about 70% renewable generation. With carbon prices of $24/tonne and $70/tonne, the same scenarios were less expensive up to around 80% and 96% renewable generation respectively. Hence at current costs, using solar PV, wind, energy efficiency and battery storage technologies are cost effective up to very high levels of renewable energy, but not 100%. However the cost of these technologies are falling rapidly. A simple way to include these continuous cost improvements into the levelised cost of energy calculation was developed, and it was found that if the costs of solar, wind and battery technologies continue to improve at current global rates, then the break even level with conventional generation increases significantly, up to 99% or above with a carbon price of $70/tonne and current Australian installed capacity growth rates. Hence a battery based system operating at almost 100% renewable energy which is no more expensive than a conventional fossil system is foreseeable for the SWIS grid, and perhaps other grids as well.

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6

Abdullah M., Al-Shalaan. "Reliability/Cost Tradeoff Evaluation for Interconnected Electric Power Systems." International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems 6, no. 6 (January 11, 2017): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/ijcds/060607.

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7

Huggins, Mark, and Michael Mirsky. "Optimal Energy Transactions in Interconnected Electric Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems PAS-104, no. 11 (November 1985): 2994–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpas.1985.318940.

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8

Anvar, Mahmood. "Decentralized control of interconnected electric power systems in competitive markets." Electric Power Systems Research 35, no. 1 (October 1995): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(95)00988-4.

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9

EL-SHAL, SHENDY M., and JAMES S. THORP. "Microprocessor systems for real-time phasor measurements on interconnected electric power systems." International Journal of Systems Science 21, no. 8 (August 1990): 1673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207729008910483.

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10

Kumar, Ganisetti Vijay, Min-Ze Lu, and Chang-Ming Liaw. "Interconnected Operations of Electric Vehicle to Grid and Microgrid." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 03, no. 02 (November 19, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2102023.

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This paper presents the development of a high-performance electric vehicle (EV) synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) drive and its vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-microgrid (V2M) bidirectional operations. The EV motor drive boostable DC-link voltage is established by a battery through a bilateral interface boost-buck DC-DC converter for good driving performance over a wide speed range. The motor efficiency is 92.3% near the rated load. In idle conditions, the embedded interface converter and inverter of the motor drive can be arranged to perform the G2V/V2G operations by adding external LC low-pass filters. The on-board battery can be charged from the mains in G2V mode with good line-drawn power quality. Alternatively, in V2G mode, the battery can send the preset power back to the utility grid with good current waveform quality. Besides, the same schematics can also conduct the M2V/V2M operations. A wind switched-reluctance generator (SRG) based microgrid is used as a test plant. The EV mobile energy storage application to microgrids is successfully offered through the arranged controls for effectively utilizing renewable sources. The measured results verify the normal operations with satisfactory performances for all power stages and operation cases.

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11

Mariscotti, Andrea. "Measuring and Analyzing Power Quality in Electric Traction Systems." International Journal of Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering 2, no. 4 (October 2012): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmtie.2012100103.

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Power Quality phenomena in a broad sense, stationary and transient, are considered focusing on railway applications: dc and ac traction lines are considered, identifying the main sources (fixed, like substations, and moving, like vehicles), their characteristic emissions, how they propagate and combine along the traction lines and back to the three-phase ac supply lines. The analysis covers the railway standards applicable to the traction line and the industrial standards applicable to the ac feeding lines. The peculiarity of railway applications, that is the presence of moving distorting loads interconnected by a non-ideal transmission line and characterized by variable operating conditions and by the superposition of multiple sources with different dynamics, requires specific processing, analysis and visualization methods, that are addressed by means of examples based on real data.

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12

Aly, G. E. M., A. A. El-Zeftawy, A. A. El-Hefnawy, and S. A. Eraky. "Technical assessment of electric utility-interactive residential photovoltaic power systems." Electric Power Systems Research 51, no. 3 (September 1999): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7796(98)00159-x.

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13

Sebo, Stephen A., and Eva A. Sebo. "Societal reaction to the power frequency electric and magnetic field effects of electric utility systems." International Journal of Technology Management 19, no. 3/4/5 (2000): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtm.2000.002826.

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14

Jackson, William D., William E. Feero, George R. Seikel, and William B. Gish. "Integration of MHD Plants into Electric Utility Systems." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion EC-1, no. 3 (September 1986): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.1986.4765730.

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15

Alhelou, Hassan Haes, Pierluigi Siano, Massimo Tipaldi, Raffaele Iervolino, and Feras Mahfoud. "Primary Frequency Response Improvement in Interconnected Power Systems Using Electric Vehicle Virtual Power Plants." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 2 (May 16, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj11020040.

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The smart grid concept enables demand-side management, including electric vehicles (EVs). Thus way, some ancillary services can be provided in order to improve the power system stability, reliability, and security. The high penetration level of renewable energy resources causes some problems to independent system operators, such as lack of primary reserve and active power balance problems. Nowadays, many countries are encouraging the use of EVs which provide a good chance to utilize them as a virtual power plant (VPP) in order to contribute to frequency event. This paper proposes a new control method to use EV as VPP for providing primary reserve in smart grids. The primary frequency reserve helps the power system operator to intercept the frequency decline and to improve the frequency response of the whole system. The proposed method calculates the electric vehicles’ primary reserve based on EVs’ information, such as the state of charge (SOC), the arriving time and the vehicle’s departure time. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by several simulation scenarios on a real-world modern power system with different generating units, such as conventional power plants, renewable energy resources, and electric vehicles.

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16

Chung, Koo-Hyung, and Bal-Ho H. Kim. "Economic Feasibility on the Interconnected Electric Power Systems in North-East Asia." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 2, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2007.2.4.452.

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17

Chung, I. Y., S. W. Park, H. J. Kim, S. I. Moon, B. M. Han, J. E. Kim, and J. H. Choi. "Operating Strategy and Control Scheme of Premium Power Supply Interconnected With Electric Power Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 20, no. 3 (July 2005): 2281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2005.848443.

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18

Chen, Luonan, Kazuhiko Ikeda, Hitoshi Azuma, Mitsuo Ishizeki, Takehisa Sakai, Shigeru Nakamura, Akio Suzuki, and Kazuhiko Ogimoto. "Optimal Electric Generation Planning for Interconnected Systems by Benders Decomposition." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 113, no. 6 (1993): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1990.113.6_643.

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19

Liu, Ju, Wei Yao, Jinyu Wen, Haibo He, and Xueyang Zheng. "Active Power Oscillation Property Classification of Electric Power Systems Based on SVM." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/218647.

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Nowadays, low frequency oscillation has become a major problem threatening the security of large-scale interconnected power systems. According to generation mechanism, active power oscillation of electric power systems can be classified into two categories: free oscillation and forced oscillation. The former results from poor or negative damping ratio of power system and external periodic disturbance may lead to the latter. Thus control strategies to suppress the oscillations are totally different. Distinction from each other of those two different kinds of power oscillations becomes a precondition for suppressing the oscillations with proper measures. This paper proposes a practical approach for power oscillation classification by identifying real-time power oscillation curves. Hilbert transform is employed to obtain envelope curves of the power oscillation curves. Twenty sampling points of the envelope curve are selected as the feature matrices to train and test the supporting vector machine (SVM). The tests on the 16-machine 68-bus benchmark power system and a real power system in China indicate that the proposed oscillation classification method is of high precision.

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20

Schenk, K. F., Q. Ahsan, and S. Vassos. "Production costs evaluation of two interconnected electric power systems by the segmentation method." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 8, no. 3 (July 1986): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-0615(86)90031-1.

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21

Ryabykh, Igor V., and Sergei V. Podkovalnikov. "Analysis of the integration of Yakut isolated power system into the interconnected power system of Far East." E3S Web of Conferences 289 (2021): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128904005.

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This article considers overview of the integration process of the isolated power systems of Yakutia to the eastern section of the Unified Power System of Russia. Features of development of Yakutia’s electric power sector are considered. Systemic effects of connecting the isolated power systems of Yakutia to the IPS of Far East were identified. Changes in the electric power tariff setting were analysed. Information about improving of reliability of electricity supply was presented.

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22

Cirstea, Marcian. "IEEE IES Austin Hosts Symposium on Electric Utility Power Systems [Chapter News]." IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 9, no. 1 (March 2015): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mie.2014.2387950.

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23

Abderrazzaq, M. H. "Assessment of The Electrical Systems Interconnection in The Arab World." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol7iss1pp91-99.

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The international trend of interconnecting electric power systems has two dimensions; economical and technical. Electric power systems in the Arab World are not only eligible, but in need for having a unified power grid. The potentials, status and conditions of the existing and future interconnections in this region are overviewed. The development of the six countries interconnection project, including the completed phase of Jordan-Egypt submarine link, is discussed in details. Finally, the main technical problems, which either faced the first stages of the project or expected to face the interconnected systems in the subsequent stages, are highlighted.

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Schenk, K. F., Q. Ahsan, and S. Vassos. "Evaluation of production costs of two interconnected electric power systems by the segmentation method." Electric Power Systems Research 8, no. 2 (March 1985): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7796(85)90044-6.

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25

Ogawa, Hiroshi. "A method of economic assessment on photovoltaic power plants in electric utility systems." IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy 106, no. 10 (1986): 919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejpes1972.106.919.

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26

Brower, Michael C., and Michael W. Tennis. "Catching a steady breeze: Putting wind power to work on electric utility systems." Electricity Journal 8, no. 2 (March 1995): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1040-6190(95)90150-7.

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27

Hamdy, M. A. "Impact of residential photovoltaic power systems on the electric utility in Cairo, Egypt." Applied Energy 36, no. 4 (January 1990): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(90)90003-v.

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28

Neofytou, Neofytos, Konstantinos Blazakis, Yiannis Katsigiannis, and Georgios Stavrakakis. "Modeling Vehicles to Grid as a Source of Distributed Frequency Regulation in Isolated Grids with Significant RES Penetration." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 22, 2019): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040720.

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The rapid development of technology used in electric vehicles, and in particular their penetration in electricity networks, is a major challenge for the area of electric power systems. The utilization of battery capacity of the interconnected vehicles can bring significant benefits to the network via the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) operation. The V2G operation is a process that can provide primary frequency regulation services in the electric network by exploiting the total capacity of a fleet of electric vehicles. In this paper, the impact of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the primary frequency regulation is studied and the effects PHEVs cause in non-interconnected isolated power systems with significant renewable energy sources (RES) penetration. Also it is taken into consideration the requirements of users for charging their vehicles. The V2G operation can be performed either with fluctuations in charging power of vehicles, or by charging or discharging the battery. So an electric vehicle user can participate in V2G operation either during the loading of the vehicle to the charging station, or by connecting the vehicle in the charging station without any further demands to charge its battery. In this paper, the response of PHEVs with respect to the frequency fluctuations of the network is modeled and simulated. Additionally, by using the PowerWorld Simulator software, simulations of the isolated power system of Cyprus Island, including the current RES penetration are performed in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of V2G operation in its primary frequency regulation.

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29

Krupenev, Dmitry. "Determination of Critically Objects of Electric Power Systems from the Position of Energy Security." E3S Web of Conferences 58 (2018): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185803009.

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The paper deal the problem of definition and ranking of critical objects (CO) in electric power systems (EPS). The identification of the CO is necessary for the timely adoption of measures to organize the provision of the required level of energy security of the region where the object is location. The adequacy model is used for determine the critical objects of EPS, within the framework of which the simulation of the functioning of EPS during the given time interval is carried out, taking into account the main random factors affecting its operation. Approbation of the proposed approach is presented on the interconnected power system.

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Wang, Zhenghao, Yonghui Liu, Zihao Yang, and Wanhao Yang. "Load Frequency Control of Multi-Region Interconnected Power Systems with Wind Power and Electric Vehicles Based on Sliding Mode Control." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 2288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082288.

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In recent years, wind power systems have been used extensively, which not only improve the efficiency of current conventional power generation systems, but also can save traditional fossil fuel resources. However, considering the instability of wind power, after being grid connected, it can easily cause an impact on the stability of the grid operation. Considering the above problems, this paper considers to make full use of the energy storage part of electric vehicles (EVs) to increase the stability of grid operation. Based on the mathematical model, this paper studies the load frequency control (LFC) problem of a multi-region interconnected power system with wind power and EVs. First, since the system states are difficult to be monitored, a state observer is designed to estimate the state. Based on this, the integral sliding mode controller (SMC) is designed to realize the LFC of the interconnected power system. Meanwhile, to obtain better control performance, this paper further analyzes and optimizes the controller parameters based on Lyapunov stability theory. At last, simulations are carried out for the power systems with two regions in Simulink. The results show that the designed controllers are effective to compensate the load demand disturbances. In addition, it is demonstrated that the battery storage of EVs can play the role of peak-shaving and valley-filling in LFC.

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31

Ahmed, Emad M., Emad A. Mohamed, Ahmed Elmelegi, Mokhtar Aly, and Osama Elbaksawi. "Optimum Modified Fractional Order Controller for Future Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy-Based Interconnected Power Systems." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 29993–30010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3058521.

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32

Gopinath, B., S. Suresh Kumar, and Juvan Michael. "Stability Improvement in Power Systems Using Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.392.

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Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) is a system composed of static equipments used for ac transmission of electric energy to improve the power transfer capability and to enhance controllability of interconnected network. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the most widely used FACTS device for providing fast acting reactive power compensation on high voltage electricity transmission network. This paper deals with the designing of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference controller (ANFIC) and fuzzy based Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) controller for the performance analysis of UPFC. The controller have been designed and tested for controlling the real and reactive power of UPFC. Fuzzy-PI controller is used to control the shunt part of UPFC. The system response under high short circuit level is tested on 5-bus system and 118-bus system. Computer simulation by MATLAB/SIMULINK has been used to verify proposed control strategies.

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Kaleybar, Hamed Jafari, Morris Brenna, Federica Foiadelli, Seyed Saeed Fazel, and Dario Zaninelli. "Power Quality Phenomena in Electric Railway Power Supply Systems: An Exhaustive Framework and Classification." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 6662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246662.

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Electric railway power systems (ERPS) as one of the most critical and high-power end-user loads of utility grids are characterized by outlandish power quality (PQ) problems all over the world. The extension and evolution of different supply topologies for these systems has resulted in significant and various forms of distortions in network voltage and current in all ERPS, the connected power system, and adjacent consumers. During the last years, numerous studies have been offered to investigate various aspects of PQs in a specific supplying topology. Variation in the supply structure of the ERPS and different types of locomotives has propelled the observation of different PQ phenomena. This versatility and development have led to confront considerable types of two-way interactive interfaces as well as reliability and PQ problems in ERPS. In addition, the lack of standards explicitly dedicated to ERPS has added to the ambiguity and complexity of this issue. In this paper, an extensive review of PQ distortions and phenomena in different configurations of ERPS is proposed and a systematic classification is presented. More than 140 scientific papers and publications are studied and categorized which can provide a fast review and a perfect perspective on the status of PQ indexes for researchers and experts.

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Yokoyama, Ryohei, Koichi Ito, and Yoshiro Yuasa. "Multiobjective Optimal Unit Sizing of Hybrid Power Generation Systems Utilizing Photovoltaic and Wind Energy." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930078.

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A deterministic approach to optimal unit sizing is presented for hybrid power generation systems utilizing photovoltaic and wind energy. Device capacities and electric contract demand are determined so as to minimize the annual total cost and annual energy consumption from the viewpoints of economy and energy saving or reduction in NOx and CO2 emission, respectively. This optimization problem is considered as a multiobjective one, and a discrete set of Pareto optimal solutions is derived numerically by using the weighting method. Two systems interconnected with the electric power grid are investigated: one has the option of reverse electricity flow into the grid, and the other has no option. By carrying out some case studies, the tradeoff relationships between the two objectives as well as the optimal values of device capacities are clarified. The influence of electricity deficit on unit sizing is also investigated.

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35

Bullard, C. W. "An Analytical Framework for Preliminary Evaluation of Space Conditioning Systems." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 111, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231410.

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This paper introduces a methodology for comparing three advanced space and water heating technologies whose higher second-law efficiencies promise to offset their increased capital costs: 1) onsite cogeneration; 2) centralized cogeneration with district heating; and 3) electric heat pumps. The competing technologies are compared within a single-system boundary that includes the electric utility system, because cogeneration systems produce electricity and heat pumps consume it. This approach eliminates the electric rate structure from the equations, allowing the analysis to focus on cost rather than price. The results are intended to inform a longer term perspective, over which modern metering technology will enable utility rate structures to reflect the real duration-dependent cost of electricity generation.

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MacGregor, P. R., and H. B. Puttgen. "A Spot Price Based Control Mechanism for Electric Utility Systems with Small Power Producing Facilities." IEEE Power Engineering Review 11, no. 5 (May 1991): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1991.90626.

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MacGregor, P. R., and H. B. Puttgen. "A spot price based control mechanism for electric utility systems with small power producing facilities." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 6, no. 2 (May 1991): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.76713.

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38

Saboori, Hedayat, and Shahram Jadid. "Optimal scheduling of mobile utility-scale battery energy storage systems in electric power distribution networks." Journal of Energy Storage 31 (October 2020): 101615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101615.

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Andreev, Vyacheslav M., Valentin A. Barinov, Sergei D. Varfolomeev, Yurii F. Lachuga, Vladimir F. Matyukhin, Vladislav Ya Panchenko, Ivan Ya Redko, Alexander S. Sigov, and Valery A. Stennikov. "Creation of integrated energy supply systems." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 21, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-224-237.

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A brief description of the State Electrification Plan of Russia (GOELRO plan), developed on the initiative of V.I. Lenin by the GOELRO commission headed by G.M. Krzhizhanovsky and adopted on December 22, 1920 by the 8th All-Russian Congress of Soviets, as well as key directions of a long-term plan for research on the problem of the creation of the Unified Power System of the Country (UPS), developed by the commission under the leadership of G.M. Krzhizhanovsky in 1957, which laid the foundation for the formation of the UPS - the largest in the world at the end of the 80s centrally managed interconnected power system, is presented. The indicators of development and efficiency of the country's electric power industry are given. The essential part of the reforms in the electric power industry of Russia carried out at the beginning of the 21st century, their shortcomings that led to a decrease in the efficiency of the industry and the emergence of various kinds of bottlenecks and imbalances are analyzed. The processes of transformation of energy systems in the world are considered, as a result of which a new architecture of energy systems is created. The primary tasks facing the Russian power industry in these conditions are formulated.

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Steffel, S., and A. Dinkel. "Absorbing the Rays: Advanced Inverters Help Integrate PV into Electric Utility Distribution Systems." IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 11, no. 2 (March 2013): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpe.2012.2234406.

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Caldon, Roberto, Andrea Stocco, and Roberto Turri. "Feasibility of adaptive intentional islanding operation of electric utility systems with distributed generation." Electric Power Systems Research 78, no. 12 (December 2008): 2017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2008.06.007.

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Anteneh, Degarege. "Reliability Assessment of Distribution System Using Analytical Method: A Case Study of Debre Berhan Distribution Network." Journal of Informatics Electrical and Electronics Engineering (JIEEE) 1, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jieee/001.01.002.

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Electric power delivers a predicable per condition for the technological, economic and political development of any countries and it is vital for each individual. Power outage is serious problem in Ethiopia at the whole of distribution network. This is due to most interruptions are frequently and much time service restoration, that is why most customers of Ethiopia their day to day activities highly affected and they are strongly complain to Ethiopia electric utility. But this power outage affected the cost of customer and Ethiopian utility. Power system is to provide an adequate and security electrical addressing to its demands as economically as alternative with reasonable level of reliability. Most electrical power distribution system reliability is one of the major issues for the demands. Reliability is the chance that a network or components done their assigned task for a given period of time under the working time stumbled upon during its anticipated lifetime. Most of developing country including Ethiopia electric power distribution network has received considerably less of the attention to reliability designing and evaluation than have generating and transmitting systems. Now a day life is directly or indirectly depends on electric power so that utility should deliver reliable power every day for 24 hours and each year for 8760 hours to satisfy human needs and to perform their works as much as possible with less economy.

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Ochoa, Yonatan, Jhon Rodriguez, and Fredy Martinez. "Low cost regulation and load control system for low power wind turbine." Contemporary Engineering Sciences 10, no. 28 (2017): 1391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ces.2017.79111.

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Context: Electric power generation systems designed as a point solution to supply needs away from the power grid typically make use of the energy resources available in the area. These systems are custom designed to supply a specific need, and with high efficiency criteria in mind. A fundamental element in these systems are the batteries charge and control circuits. Method: The regulation system was designed for the wind turbine prototype of the Francisco Jos de Caldas District University, campus of the Technological Faculty, and considering its use in low-income housing. The module has three intermediate stages of regulation: rectification and conditioning, DC/DC regulation and battery charging, and voltage inversion. Results: We achieved a prototype of high efficiency, low cost and high performance in laboratory tests. Conclusions: The load control and regulation system is a low-cost, high-performance alternative to solve problems of supplying electric power in non-interconnected areas of the Colombian power grid.

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Guo, Lei, Yu Zhou, Li Deng, Li Chen, and Jian Liu. "An Advanced Modeling and Control Approach for Frequency Regulation in Electric Energy Systems with New Resources." Applied Mechanics and Materials 492 (January 2014): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.418.

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This paper concerns the problem of regulating the frequencies of the evolving electric energy systems. The currently implemented frequency regulation approach is found unable to relieve the impact of the increasingly integrated variable sources such as renewable power plants and price responsive loads. Even several key underlying assumptions of this approach are not likely to hold in this situation. In this paper we propose an enhanced frequency regulation approach by differentiating units participating in frequency regulation both with respect to their location and ability to respond. This approach models the governorturbine-generator dynamics of each individual generator and develops a linearized model of the interconnected power system. Moreover, the singular perturbation technique is employed to reduce the unnecessary complexity of the linear system and simplify the control design. An optimal feedback control law is then designed based on the reduced order model via Linear Quadratic Regulator method. Comparative simulations on a 3bus test power system show the improved control performance obtained by the proposed approach.

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Kaliannan, Jagatheesan, Anand Baskaran, and Nilanjan Dey. "Automatic Generation Control of Thermal-Thermal-Hydro Power Systems with PID Controller using Ant Colony Optimization." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 6, no. 2 (April 2015): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2015040102.

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In this work, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of interconnected multi–area hydrothermal power systems. Area 1&2 are thermal power systems and area 3 is a hydro power system, all the areas are interconnected through the appropriate tie-line. Thermal and hydro power plants are applied with reheat turbine and electric governor respectively. Investigated power system initially applied with conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and controller parameters are optimized by using trial and error method considering Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) objective function. After that, the system is equipped with Proportional – Integral – Derivative (PID) controller and controller parameters are optimized by using ACO algorithm with ITAE objective function. The superiority of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated by comparing conventional controller. Finally, The Simulation results of multi-area power system prove the effectiveness of the proposed optimization technique in LFC scheme and show its superiority over conventional PI controller.

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Delfanti, Maurizio, Davide Falabretti, Marco Merlo, and Gabriele Monfredini. "Distributed Generation Integration in the Electric Grid: Energy Storage System for Frequency Control." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/198427.

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During the last few years generation from renewable energy sources (RESs) has grown considerably in European electrical networks. Transmission system operators are greatly concerned about the impact of RESs on the operational security and efficiency of their networks and more in general of the ENTSO-E interconnected system. Grid codes are to be revised in order to harmonise the rules regarding the connection of RES power plants. A main issue concerns frequency control: frequency is greatly affected by RESs intermittency and its deviations must be limited as much as possible in order to guarantee a suitable level of power quality. To improve frequency stability, in the future, Grid codes could extend frequency control requirements also to RES units, whereas today they are applied only to conventional power plants. Energy storage systems can be a possible solution to increase the flexibility and performance of RES power plants: they allow generators to modulate their power injections without wasting renewable energy. In this paper, the authors studied the suitability of extending frequency control to RES units integrating them with energy storage systems. In particular, the paper focuses on the impact of frequency control on the storage lifetime by analysing the power charge/discharge in response to real frequency oscillations.

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Ekeh, J. C., S. T. Wara, and H. E. Orovwode. "Management of Existing Capacity of Electric Power with Energy Saving Devices." Advanced Materials Research 18-19 (June 2007): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.117.

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The strategy of management of the existing capacity by proper illumination design and the use of energy saving devices in the residential sector is reported. Improper installation design and the use of all sorts of devices at homes has led to a lot of electrical energy wastages resulting in the need to increase the generation capacity. The study revealed that annual energy of 551.88kWh could be saved for a three – bedroom flat when energy saving fluorescent lamps were used. The corresponding naira savings was 2,207.52 per annum. In addition, the sizes of cable, fuses/circuit breakers required are reduced and hence reduction in the cost of installation. The paper advocates the need for proper design and installation of energy saving devices in homes. The paper will be of relevance to lighting installation designers, power systems engineers, power utility managers, and the general public.

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Çelik, Emre. "Improved stochastic fractal search algorithm and modified cost function for automatic generation control of interconnected electric power systems." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 88 (February 2020): 103407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2019.103407.

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Abdollahi Biroon, Roghieh, Pierluigi Pisu, and David Schoenwald. "Frequency Control of Large-Scale Interconnected Power Systems via Battery Integration: A Comparison between the Hybrid Battery Model and WECC Model." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 7, 2021): 5605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185605.

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The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power grids highlights the role of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in enhancing the stability and reliability of electricity. A key challenge with the renewables’, specially the BESSs, integration into the power system is the lack of proper dynamic models and their application in power system analyses. The control design strategy mainly depends on the system dynamics which underlines the importance of the system accurate dynamic modeling. Moreover, control design for the power system is a complicated issue due to its complexity and inter-connectivity, which makes the application of distributed control to improve the stability of a large-scale power system inevitable. This paper presents an optimal distributed control design for the interconnected systems to suppress the effects of small disturbances in the power system employing utility-scale batteries based on existing battery models. The control strategy is applied to two dynamic models of the battery: hybrid model and Western electricity coordinating council (WECC) model. The results show that (i) the smart scheduling of the batteries’ output reduces the inter-area oscillations and improves the stability of the power systems; (ii) the hybrid model of the battery is more user-friendly compared to the WECC model in power system analyses.

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Guerreiro, Nuno Mateus, Carlos Infantes, and Michael Jakob. "Electr(on)ic palpitations: a visitors' pavilion for the Bieudron power plant, Switzerland." Architectural Research Quarterly 14, no. 1 (March 2010): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135510000552.

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The electric power system has often been compared to a circulatory system, and telecommunication and informational complexes likened to nervous systems. Such characterisations are rigorous only for those aspects that bring the utility system closer to a living system: its mechanisms of control and regulation.

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