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Academic literature on the topic 'Intercontinental representation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Intercontinental representation"
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Butler, Tim, Aurelia Lupascu, and Aditya Nalam. "Attribution of ground-level ozone to anthropogenic and natural sources of nitrogen oxides and reactive carbon in a global chemical transport model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 17 (September 11, 2020): 10707–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10707-2020.
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Abstract. We perform a source attribution for tropospheric and ground-level ozone using a novel technique that accounts separately for the contributions of the two chemically distinct emitted precursors (reactive carbon and oxides of nitrogen) to the chemical production of ozone in the troposphere. By tagging anthropogenic emissions of these precursors according to the geographical region from which they are emitted, we determine source–receptor relationships for ground-level ozone. Our methodology reproduces earlier results obtained via other techniques for ozone source attribution, and it also delivers additional information about the modelled processes responsible for the intercontinental transport of ozone, which is especially strong during the spring months. The current generation of chemical transport models used to support international negotiations aimed at reducing the intercontinental transport of ozone shows especially strong inter-model differences in simulated springtime ozone. Current models also simulate a large range of different responses of surface ozone to methane, which is one of the major precursors of ground-level ozone. Using our novel source attribution technique, we show that emissions of NOx (oxides of nitrogen) from international shipping over the high seas play a disproportionately strong role in our model system regarding the hemispheric-scale response of surface ozone to changes in methane, as well as to the springtime maximum in intercontinental transport of ozone and its precursors. We recommend a renewed focus on the improvement of the representation of the chemistry of ship NOx emissions in current-generation models. We demonstrate the utility of ozone source attribution as a powerful model diagnostic tool and recommend that similar source attribution techniques become a standard part of future model intercomparison studies.
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Quinn, Regina Ammicht. "Artificial intelligence and the role of ethics." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 37, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-210791.
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An ethical approach to AI does not function as bicycle brake on an intercontinental airplane. Ethics does not put insufficient brakes on progress. It does, however, asks how principles and values that are important for a democratic society can be translated into a digital democratic society. Beyond discussions of transparency, accountability, explainability, fairness and trustworthiness, this text focusses on two major issues: representation gaps – where minorities and a majority (women) are under- or misrepresented in data; and data silhouettes – where the body, the self and human life seems to be deciphered by data alone. Ethical reasoning thus insists that the non-quantifiable areas of human life are as important as any quantifiable aspects. An extensive quantification of the social, the political and the individual person must be continuously examined for its effects. Good regulation is not an obstacle to research and business, but that is necessary to create trust in AI systems.
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Ncube, Gibson. "Film as /and Popular Social Text: The Reception of John Trengove’s Inxeba/The Wound and Wanuri Kahui’s Rafiki." English in Africa 47, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eia.v47i3.4s.
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This article is interested in popular and institutional or state responses to the representations of queerness offered in the films Inxeba/The Wound (South Africa, 2017) and Rafiki (Kenya, 2018). Aside from portraying the marked homophobia that continues to circulate on the African continent, the institutional and state responses to the films have overshadowed the positive popular reception which has characterised conversations around the films on social media and public spaces. This article shows how social media functions as animportant space of contestation for diverse issues relating to non-normative gender and sexual identities. As these films circulate in different spaces and are viewed by diverse audiences, they elicit equally diverse reactions and responses. The article examines how viewers, in Africa and beyond, receive and engage with the queerness represented in the two films. It argues that the multifaceted reactions to Inxeba/The Wound and Rafiki are central to articulating important questions about what it means to be queer in Africa,and particularly what it implies for black queers to inhabit heteronormative and patriarchal spaces on the continent. Through an analysis of the reactions and receptions of the two films in Africa and the global North, it is argued that it is possible to trace important inter-regional, intra-continental and intercontinental dialogues and conversations regarding the representation of queer African subjectivities. The intra-continental and inter-continental dialogues bring to light questions of gaze and viewing that are inherent in the circulation of queer-themed films.
Kewords: Inxeba/The Wound, Rafiki, reception, popular culture, queerness
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Grigorovich, Igor A., Robert I. Colautti, Edward L. Mills, Kristen Holeck, Albert G. Ballert, and Hugh J. MacIsaac. "Ballast-mediated animal introductions in the Laurentian Great Lakes: retrospective and prospective analyses." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 740–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-053.
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Since completion of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959, at least 43 nonindigenous species (NIS) of animals and protists have established in the Laurentian Great Lakes, of which ~67% were attributed to discharge of ballast water from commercial ships. Twenty-three NIS were first discovered in four "hotspot" areas with a high representation of NIS, most notably the Lake Huron Lake Erie corridor. Despite implementation of the voluntary (1989, Canada) and mandatory (1993, U.S.A.) ballast water exchange (BWE) regulations, NIS were discovered at a higher rate during the 1990s than in the preceding three decades. Here we integrate knowledge of species' invasion histories, shipping traffic patterns, and physicochemical factors that constrain species' survivorship during ballast-mediated transfer to assess the risk of future introductions to the Great Lakes. Our risk-assessment model identified 26 high-risk species that are likely to survive intercontinental transfer in ballast tanks. Of these, 10 species have already invaded the Great Lakes. An additional 37 lower-risk species, of which six have already invaded, show some but not all attributes needed for successful introduction under current BWE management. Our model indicates that the Great Lakes remain vulnerable to ship-mediated NIS invasions.
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Mustapha Ibrahim Abdullahi, Rakesh Das, Mohd. Almas Khan, Prabhjot Kaur Phull, and Mohd Wamiq Khan. "COVID-19 patients’ interracial prevalence analysis: A statistically analysed distribution study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 2020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i3.4810.
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The objective of this study is inspired from the immeasurable difference of COVID-19 incidence data between African & Indian population at peak prevalence month of its pandemic. Raw data analysis of Africa and India was schemed when COVID-19 situation as in peak on pandemic all over the world. The detected data distributions of inter-countries and other countries of Africa were comparatively studied on statistical basis of Correlation coefficient. The evaluation of p-values, ANOVA study with graphical representation on the comparative basis was carried out and interpreted. The screening of the large variation of data distribution has made uniform to get proper variation. The different mean± SD values are 67.142 ±69.91, 76.642± 66.747 & 77.21 ± 67.0215 and CV of these African countries shows 1.080, 0.90377 & 0.90076 respectively. Thus, ANOVA study showed no significance value, p < .05, where P-value is 0.913928 because of least variations. On the other hand, the % distribution of COVID-19 pandemic represents the wide difference of inter-continental difference of Africa from India, specifically of pie-chart. However, due to vast difference in COVID-19 intercontinental cases on restricted travellers interconnectivity tends to focus our attention to examine dietary roles in COVID-19.
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Vélez, Jessica M., Reese M. Morris, Rytas Vilgalys, Jessy Labbé, and Christopher W. Schadt. "Phylogenetic diversity of 200+ isolates of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum associated with Populus trichocarpa soils in the Pacific Northwest, USA and comparison to globally distributed representatives." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): e0231367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231367.
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The ectomycorrhizal fungal symbiont Cenococcum geophilum is of high interest as it is globally distributed, associates with many plant species, and has resistance to multiple environmental stressors. C. geophilum is only known from asexual states but is often considered a cryptic species complex, since extreme phylogenetic divergence is often observed within nearly morphologically identical strains. Alternatively, C. geophilum may represent a highly diverse single species, which would suggest cryptic but frequent recombination. Here we describe a new isolate collection of 229 C. geophilum isolates from soils under Populus trichocarpa at 123 collection sites spanning a ~283 mile north-south transect in Western Washington and Oregon, USA (PNW). To further understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within C. geophilum, we performed maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to assess divergence within the PNW isolate collection, as well as a global phylogenetic analysis of 789 isolates with publicly available data from the United States, Japan, and European countries. Phylogenetic analyses of the PNW isolates revealed three distinct phylogenetic groups, with 15 clades that strongly resolved at >80% bootstrap support based on a GAPDH phylogeny and one clade segregating strongly in two principle component analyses. The abundance and representation of PNW isolate clades varied greatly across the North-South range, including a monophyletic group of isolates that spanned nearly the entire gradient at ~250 miles. A direct comparison between the GAPDH and ITS rRNA gene region phylogenies, combined with additional analyses revealed stark incongruence between the ITS and GAPDH gene regions, consistent with intra-species recombination between PNW isolates. In the global isolate collection phylogeny, 34 clades were strongly resolved using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian approaches (at >80% MLBS and >0.90 BPP respectively), with some clades having intra- and intercontinental distributions. Together these data are highly suggestive of divergence within multiple cryptic species, however additional analyses such as higher resolution genotype-by-sequencing approaches are needed to distinguish potential species boundaries and the mode and tempo of recombination patterns.
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Fry, M. M., M. D. Schwarzkopf, Z. Adelman, and J. J. West. "Air quality and radiative forcing impacts of anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions from ten world regions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 2 (January 16, 2014): 523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-523-2014.
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Abstract. Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) influence air quality and global climate change through their effects on secondary air pollutants and climate forcers. Here we simulate the air quality and radiative forcing (RF) impacts of changes in ozone, methane, and sulfate from halving anthropogenic NMVOC emissions globally and from 10 regions individually, using a global chemical transport model and a standalone radiative transfer model. Halving global NMVOC emissions decreases global annual average tropospheric methane and ozone by 36.6 ppbv and 3.3 Tg, respectively, and surface ozone by 0.67 ppbv. All regional reductions slow the production of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), resulting in regional to intercontinental PAN decreases and regional NOx increases. These NOx increases drive tropospheric ozone increases nearby or downwind of source regions in the Southern Hemisphere (South America, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Australia). Some regions' NMVOC emissions contribute importantly to air pollution in other regions, such as East Asia, the Middle East, and Europe, whose impact on US surface ozone is 43%, 34%, and 34% of North America's impact. Global and regional NMVOC reductions produce widespread negative net RFs (cooling) across both hemispheres from tropospheric ozone and methane decreases, and regional warming and cooling from changes in tropospheric ozone and sulfate (via several oxidation pathways). The 100 yr and 20 yr global warming potentials (GWP100, GWP20) are 2.36 and 5.83 for the global reduction, and 0.079 to 6.05 and −1.13 to 18.9 among the 10 regions. The NMVOC RF and GWP estimates are generally lower than previously modeled estimates, due to the greater NMVOC/NOx emissions ratios simulated, which result in less sensitivity to NMVOC emissions changes and smaller global O3 burden responses, in addition to differences in the representation of NMVOCs and oxidation chemistry among models. Accounting for a fuller set of RF contributions may change the relative magnitude of each region's impacts. The large variability in the RF and GWP of NMVOCs among regions suggest that regionally specific metrics may be necessary to include NMVOCs in multi-gas climate trading schemes.
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Nelson, G., and P. Y. Ladiges. "Gondwana, vicariance biogeography and the New York School revisited." Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 3 (2001): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00025.
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The many methods of biogeographic analysis proposed in recent years generate artefactual results that impede understanding, discovery and progress. Eliminating geographic paralogy from data reduces or eliminates artefactual interpretation. Recent cladistic studies of extant Nothofagus agree in showing only three informative nodes relevant to intercontinental relationships. In cladistic representations of global distributions, Gondwana is at or near the base of the geographically informative nodes, which force Gondwana to appear as a centre of origin of modern life in general. Centres of origin are artefacts of comparison based on geographically uninformative and paralogous nodes. Postmodern revivals of dispersalism fail to acknowledge, explain, avoid, learn from and improve on the artefactual centres of origin of the 20th century dispersalism, as represented particularly by the New York School: W. D. Matthew (1871–1930), K. P. Schmidt (1890–1957), G. G. Simpson (1902–1984), P. J. Darlington, Jr (1904–1983) and G. S. Myers (1905–1985).
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Na, Eun-Jee, Young-Sik Kim, Sook-Young Lee, Yoon-Ji Kim, Jun-Soo Park, and Jae-Ku Oem. "Genetic Characteristics of Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Wild Birds in South Korea, 2019–2020." Viruses 13, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030381.
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Wild aquatic birds, a natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), transmit AIVs to poultry farms, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of AIVs isolated from wild birds in South Korea from October 2019 to March 2020 were investigated and analyzed. Fresh avian fecal samples (3256) were collected by active monitoring of 11 wild bird habitats. Twenty-eight AIVs were isolated. Seven HA and eight NA subtypes were identified. All AIV hosts were Anseriformes species. The HA cleavage site of 20 representative AIVs was encoded by non-multi-basic amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the eight segment genes of the AIVs showed that most genes clustered within the Eurasian lineage. However, the HA gene of H10 viruses and NS gene of four viruses clustered within the American lineage, indicating intercontinental reassortment of AIVs. Representative viruses likely to infect mammals were selected and evaluated for pathogenicity in mice. JB21-58 (H5N3), JB42-93 (H9N2), and JB32-81 (H11N2) were isolated from the lungs, but JB31-69 (H11N9) was not isolated from the lungs until the end of the experiment at 14 dpi. None of infected mice showed clinical sign and histopathological change in the lung. In addition, viral antigens were not detected in lungs of all mice at 14 dpi. These data suggest that LPAIVs derived from wild birds are unlikely to be transmitted to mammals. However, because LPAIVs can reportedly infect mammals, including humans, continuous surveillance and monitoring of AIVs are necessary, despite their low pathogenicity.
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Choi, Hyeok Jae, Liliana M. Giussani, Chang Gee Jang, Byoung Un Oh, and J. Hugo Cota-Sánchez. "Systematics of disjunct northeastern Asian and northern North American Allium (Amaryllidaceae)." Botany 90, no. 6 (June 2012): 491–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b2012-031.
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This study was undertaken to better understand Allium infrageneric taxonomy, character evolution, species diversification, and patterns of radiation in disjunct species between the New and Old World using morphological and molecular data. Taxonomic sampling focused on northeastern Asian (mainly Korean and northeastern Chinese) and representative disjunct northern North American (Canadian) species. Pistil and seed testa morphology was investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. These characters were useful to assess degree of relationship at different taxonomic levels in Allium. Phylogenetic studies included nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL–trnF sequence data analyzed using maximum parsimony approaches. Our molecular phylogeny recovers a similar topology to that published in recent studies and confirms three major evolutionary lines and patterns of radiation regarding the ancestors of subgenera Amerallium and Anguinum in the genus. The northeastern Asian and northern North American disjunction in this genus is inferred to be the result of multiple intercontinental migrations. Seed testa sculpture attributes in combination with seed shape provide key characters to distinguish Allium’s major clades in the molecular phylogeny. The two types of ovarian processes, basal hood-like and apical crest-like in disjunct Old and New World species, respectively, are newly derived characters in each continent. Most infrageneric Allium groups are monophyletic, while subgenus Cepa is polyphyletic.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Intercontinental representation"
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Nelson, Andrew Kelly. "José, Joe, Zé Carioca: Walt Disney's Good Neighbor Colonial "Monument" in Brazil." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6246.
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Although Walt Disney's early animated feature films were successful, a variety of economic, operational, and external forces required him to continually be on the cutting edge of new ideas and technologies in order for his studio to continue operations. Latin America became the studio's source of inspiration in the early 1940s, sprouting from Walt Disney's involvement with the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs. Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros were the result. While many critics have decried Disney's involvement in Latin America as being an apparatus of cultural imperialism and economic exploitation, they almost universally give him credit for his pursuit of cultural authenticity within the films. They are, however, sparing in what ways such was done and are reticent in declaring that he fulfilled that quest. As one who was involved politically and economically in the shaping of a nation, with his enterprise benefiting as a result, Walt Disney can in fact be seen as a colonial, imperial power. Within Brazil, José Carioca was the "monument" he erected to that end. Unlike full-fledged colonial figures in earlier centuries, however, his "monument" was overall friendly and was not based on the image of a sovereign leader, but a character that was intended to be seen as native. Where Disney was bound by the interests of the government he represented, and consequentially the Brazilian government, his "monument" was imbued with hues that were inherently skewed toward those entities; however, he worked within those parameters to present a credible image. This thesis seeks to substantiate those ways and how the original monument-like figure Disney erected in the Brazilian public square, the image of José Carioca in Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros, led to unity—and not division—as most imperial monuments had done in earlier centuries. A possible explanation as to how Disney's multiple nuanced iterations of the character leads to such critique of the original "monument" will also be provided.
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Boushaba, Kamal. "Relations sociétés-nature et stratégies intégrées de conservation et du développement : cas de la Réserve de Biosphère Intercontinentale de la Méditerranée." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18420.
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