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Journal articles on the topic 'Intercostal spaces'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Greer, J. J., and T. P. Martin. "Distribution of muscle fiber types and EMG activity in cat intercostal muscles." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 4 (1990): 1208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.4.1208.

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The electromyogram (EMG) activity and histochemical properties of intercostal muscles in the anesthetized cat were studied. The parasternal muscles were consistently active during inspiration. The external intercostals in the rostral spaces and the ventral portions of the midthoracic spaces were also recruited during inspiration. The remaining external intercostals were typically silent, regardless of the level of respiratory drive. The internal intercostal muscles located in the caudal spaces were occasionally recruited during expiration. There was a clear correlation between recruitment patt

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2

Fanselow, Nicholas R., Nolan Wallace, Daniel Sehi, et al. "A Case of Multiple Posterior Intercostal Artery Common Trunks in Conjunction with Additional Arterial Variations." Case Reports in Surgery 2021 (November 18, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7430752.

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Several thoracic vasculature variations were observed in an 81-year-old male cadaver during routine dissection. These included 5 common trunks of posterior intercostal arteries, a descending branch of the right vertebral artery, and atypical neurovascular relationships within intercostal spaces. On the right side, two common trunks of posterior intercostal arteries were observed supplying the 4th-7th intercostal spaces and 9th-11th intercostal spaces, respectively. There was also a small accessary branch supplying the 9th intercostal space. The first three posterior intercostal spaces on the r

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3

O’Keeffe, Francis, Nanda Surendran, Carl Yazbek, et al. "Surface anatomy site for thoracostomy using the axillary hairline." Trauma 22, no. 4 (2019): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460408619875375.

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Objective Procedural complication rates associated with tube thoracostomy for pleural decompression is estimated to be between 2 and 25%, with incorrect insertion site being a common problem. We hypothesised that the inferior-most hair follicle in the axillary region would provide an accurate biometric marker to identify the fourth to sixth intercostal space. Methods A prospective cohort of patients requiring computed tomography scan of the chest was recruited from February 2015 to March 2016 at The Alfred Hospital. The inferior-most hair follicle on the patient’s axillary region was tagged wi

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4

Whitelaw, W. A., and T. Feroah. "Patterns of intercostal muscle activity in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 5 (1989): 2087–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.5.2087.

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Coordination of activity of inspiratory intercostal muscles in conscious human subjects was studied by means of an array of electromyograph (EMG) electrodes. Bipolar fine wire electrodes were placed in the second and fourth parasternal intercostal muscles and in two or three external intercostal muscles in the midaxillary line from the fourth to eighth intercostal spaces. Subjects breathed quietly or rebreathed from a bag containing 8% CO2 in O2 in both supine and upright postures. Respiration was monitored by means of flow, volume, and separate rib cage and abdominal volumes. Onset of EMG act

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5

Ellis, Harold. "The ribs and intercostal spaces." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 9, no. 12 (2008): 518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2008.09.012.

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6

Ellis, Harold. "The ribs and intercostal spaces." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 6, no. 12 (2005): 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/anes.2005.6.12.399.

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7

Bolser, D. C., B. G. Lindsey, and R. Shannon. "Respiratory pattern changes produced by intercostal muscle/rib vibration." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 6 (1988): 2458–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.6.2458.

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Large-amplitude vibration of the intercostal muscles/ribs has an inhibitory effect on inspiratory motor output. This effect has been attributed, in part, to the stimulation of intercostal muscle tendon organs. Intercostal muscle/rib vibration can also produce a decrease or increase in respiratory frequency. Studies were conducted 1) to determine whether, in addition to intercostal tendon organs, costovertebral joint mechanoreceptors (CVJR's) contribute to the inspiratory inhibitory effect of intercostal muscle/rib vibration (IMV) and 2) to explain the different respiratory frequency responses

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8

Alaman, Manuel, Cristina Bonastre, Adrián González-Marrón, Ekaterina Gámez Maidanskaia, and Alicia Laborda. "A Two-Point Ultrasound-Guided Injection Technique for the Transversus Thoracis Plane Block: A Canine Cadaveric Study." Animals 12, no. 17 (2022): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12172165.

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The transversus thoracis plane (TTP) block desensitizes the intercostal nerves that run through this plane, providing analgesia to the ventral thoracic wall. Two canine cadavers were used to assess the feasibility of the transverse approach for the TTP (t-TTP) under ultrasound guidance to inject a solution at the third and sixth intercostal spaces. Eight cadavers were used to compare the spread and number of intercostal nerves that were stained when a low volume (LV) 0.5 mL kg−1 or a high volume (HV) 1 mL kg−1 of a dye-lidocaine solution was injected into the same hemithorax, injecting the vol

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9

Surin, V. M., and V. S. Porosenkov. "A case of penetrating injury of the right ventricle of the heart." Kazan medical journal 43, no. 4 (2021): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj87287.

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X., 19 years old, was admitted on 7 / VI 1959 at 21 hours 30 minutes with a stab wound 2.0 X 0.5 cm in the area of the 5th intercostal space on the left at the edge of the sternum and 0.3 X 0.8 cm in the area 3 intercostal spaces on the left at the sternum. Dark blood is released from the wound in the area of the 5th intercostal space when the patient moves. The patient himself stabbed himself two times in the chest 45-50 minutes ago.

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10

Hawi, Jihad S., Rosalyn A. Jurjus, Hisham S. Daouk, et al. "A Rare Bilateral Variation in the Branches of the Internal Thoracic Artery: A Case Report." Anatomia 2, no. 4 (2023): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/anatomia2040028.

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Background: Anatomical variations and, in particular, arterial variations constitute an important chapter in the learning of Clinical Anatomy. Purpose: The purpose of this report is to describe a rare bilateral anatomical variation in the internal thoracic artery (ITA) in a 60-year-old corpse and to depict its extreme clinical importance in coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: The rare bilateral aberrant branches of the internal thoracic artery and their course in the thorax were incidentally discovered during routine anatomy dissection of the thorax at the Faculty of Medicine and Medical

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11

Kim, Seung Up, Ja Kyung Kim, Jun Yong Park, et al. "Variability in liver stiffness values from different intercostal spaces." Liver International 29, no. 5 (2009): 760–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02035.x.

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12

Tadagani, Raveendra, Rudra Pratap Pandey, Sanjay Purohit, and Gulshan Kumar. "Ultrasonography and biochemical studies of hepatobiliary system in buffaloes." Buffalo Bulletin 41, no. 2 (2022): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2022.4123957.

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The present work was undertaken to study the ultrasonographic and clinico-biochemical parameters of hepatobiliary system in apparently healthy adult non gravid buffaloes. The present study revealed that, the hepatic parenchyma was homogenously coarse echogenic, interspersed with anechoic bands of hepatic vessels, with sharp margin and was hyperechoic relative to right renal cortex. It was imaged from just behind the last rib to the 6th intercostal space. The gallbladder was visualized between the 12th to 9th intercostal spaces, seen as a pear-shaped fluid-filled anechoic structure with hyperec

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13

Ma, Bingjie, Yuan Sun, Can Hao, Xiaoming Liu, and Sai’e Shen. "Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia with or without Ultrasound-Guided Bilateral Intercostal Nerve Blocks in Children Undergoing the Nuss Procedure: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial." Pain Research and Management 2022 (July 22, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5776833.

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Background. Two analgesic strategies have been described for pain treatment after the pectus excavatum surgery: the patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) and ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block. In this prospective, randomized and double-blinded trial and the short and long-term outcomes were compared in patients after surgery. Methods. The children were randomized to either the intercostal or control group. Ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block was with 0.25% ropivacaine and 5 mg dexamethasone in the intercostal group, while the control group was with 0.9% normal saline. T

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14

Diwan, Sandeep, Shivprakash Shivamallappa, Rasika Timane, Pallavi Pai, and Anju Gupta. "Pathways of dye spread after injections in the paraspinal spaces—A cadaveric study." Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia 18, no. 2 (2024): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sja.sja_582_23.

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Background: The erector spinae plane (ESP) block is the most sought-after block since its inception. However, it is more of dorsal rami block with unpredictable ventral diffusion to the paravertebral area. We injected dye in ESP and other paraspinal spaces to study and compare the dye diffusion pattern along the neuroaxis and paraspinal region in human cadavers. Methods: In six soft-embalmed cadavers (12 specimens), 20 mL methylene blue dye (erector spinae plane and paravertebral space) or indocyanine green dye (inter-ligament space) was injected bilaterally using an in-plane ultrasound-guided

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15

Sunnatullayev, Temur Sunnatullo o'g'li, and Asliddin Gadayev. "Clinical anatomy of the breast, layers, cell spaces, intercostal spaces, topography of the mammary gland and diaphragm." JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN 1, no. 9 (2023): 429–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10324437.

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"Clinical Anatomy of the Breast: Layers, Cell Spaces, Intercostal Spaces, Topography of the Mammary Gland, and Diaphragm" embarks on a detailed exploration of the anatomical complexities that define the clinical landscape of the breast. This comprehensive study delves into the layers and cell spaces, elucidates the topography of the mammary gland, and establishes the intricate interplay between the breast and diaphragm. The synthesis of clinical and anatomical insights in this study provides a foundational understanding essential for medical practitioners, educators, and researchers in the fie

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Borthakur, D., R. Kumar, and S. Singh. "Bilateral Origin of Intercostobrachial Nerve from First Intercostal Nerve: Clinical Implications." Acta Medica Bulgarica 52, s1 (2025): 35–39. https://doi.org/10.2478/amb-2025-0022.

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Abstract The intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) is the undivided lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve that communicates with the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm. Iatrogenic intercostobrachial nerve injury may present in the postoperative period as paresthesia and dysesthesia. The probable utilization of the ICBN as a sensory nerve donor has also been proposed. We present a case of aberrant bilateral ICBN emerging from the first intercostal nerves in a 69-year-old male cadaver. The extra thoracic portions of ICBN on both sides were found emerging from the first intercostal sp

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17

Sefa Sağlam, Muhammet, Ozan Ertürk, Fatih Gümüş, Cengiz Bolcal, and Mustafa Serkan Durdu. "[MSB-71] Optimizing Total Coronary Revascularization: Exploring Total Coronary Revascularization with Anterior Thoracotomy Access Via Third vs. Fourth Intercostal Space in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery." Turkish Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 32, no. 4 (2024): 93. https://doi.org/10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2024.msb-71.

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Objective: This study aimed to assess the feasibility and comparative advantages of accessing total coronary revascularization with right anterior thoracotomy (TCRAT) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) through the third and fourth intercostal spaces. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 465 patients who underwent CABG utilizing TCRAT via either the third or fourth intercostal space between January 2022 and April 2024. The third intercostal space was utilized in 315 (67.7%) patients (Group 1), while the fourth intercostal space was utilized in 150 (32.2%) patients (Group 2

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Sefa Sağlam, Muhammet, Ozan Ertürk, Fatih Gümüş, Cengiz Bolcal, and Mustafa Serkan Durdu. "[MSB-71] Optimizing Total Coronary Revascularization: Exploring Total Coronary Revascularization with Anterior Thoracotomy Access Via Third vs. Fourth Intercostal Space in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery." Cardiovascular Surgery and Interventions 11, no. 100 (2024): 69. https://doi.org/10.5606/e-cvsi.2024.msb-71.

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Objective: This study aimed to assess the feasibility and comparative advantages of accessing total coronary revascularization with right anterior thoracotomy (TCRAT) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) through the third and fourth intercostal spaces. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 465 patients who underwent CABG utilizing TCRAT via either the third or fourth intercostal space between January 2022 and April 2024. The third intercostal space was utilized in 315 (67.7%) patients (Group 1), while the fourth intercostal space was utilized in 150 (32.2%) patients (Group 2

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19

Jammes, Yves, and Stéphane Delpierre. "Respiratory and circulatory effects of parietal pleural afferent stimulation in rabbits." Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 5 (2006): 1539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01422.2005.

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Respiratory symptoms accompanying pleural diseases combine dyspnea, tachypnea, rapid shallow breathing, and sometimes hypotension. There are no experimental data on the changes in respiratory and circulatory functions elicited by the activation of pleural afferents. After removal of all muscles covering the 5th to 10th intercostal spaces, we investigated in paralyzed, vagotomized rabbits the changes in phrenic discharge, transpulmonary pressure, and systemic arterial pressure in response to an outwardly directed force exerted on the parietal pleura or the local application of solutions contain

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20

Riggs, Kyle W., David Zeltsman, Bo Gu, Chris C. Sung, and Igor Lobko. "Improving the Odds." Innovations: Technology and Techniques in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery 12, no. 4 (2017): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/imi.0000000000000370.

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Precise localization of a rib lesion for its resection remains a challenge because of multiple factors including nonpalpable pathology, unfavorable body habitus, inaccurate clinical examination, and unreliable rib count on physical examination, unfavorable lesion location within a rib (its posterior aspect), and resection of sclerotic lesions with grossly intact rib cortex. We describe a novel rib localization technique that eliminates potential mistakes and avoids resection of an inappropriate rib. Our method of rib localization includes placement of metallic coils by interventional radiologi

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Zheng, Mou-Xiong, Yan-Qun Qiu, Wen-Dong Xu, and Jian-Guang Xu. "Long-term Observation of Respiratory Function After Unilateral Phrenic Nerve and Multiple Intercostal Nerve Transfer for Avulsed Brachial Plexus Injury." Neurosurgery 70, no. 4 (2012): 796–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e3181f74139.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Phrenic nerve transfer (PNT) or multiple intercostal nerve transfer (MIT) alone are reported to have no significant impact on pulmonary function in the short or medium term, but it has rarely been reported whether the combination of PNT-MIT could influence respiratory function in the long term. OBJECTIVE: Respiratory function was evaluated after PNT and PNT-MIT 7 to 19 years (mean, 10 years) postoperatively. METHODS: Twenty-three adult patients with brachial plexus avulsion injuries who underwent PNT-MIT were compared with 19 corresponding patients who underwent PNT. Pulmo

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22

Chiou, Thomas S. M., and Ko-Kaung Liao. "Orientation landmarks of endoscopic transaxillary T-2 sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis." Journal of Neurosurgery 85, no. 2 (1996): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1996.85.2.0310.

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✓ The identification of the T-2 ganglion through a narrow operative viewfield is the greatest challenge in performing endoscopic transaxillary T-2 sympathectomy, especially for a surgeon who is unfamiliar with the technique. The authors describe a simple anatomical method for identifying the T-2 ganglion during the operation, based on a study of 17 adult cadavers. First, a similar clinical procedure was performed along the anterior or middle axillary line via the second to fourth intercostal spaces to measure the aiming angles and intrathoracic depth needed. Second, the regional anatomical str

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Del Castillo, René A., Néstor C. Garello, Emilio Kuschnir, and Ricardo Castro. "Cáncer de Mama: alcances actuales y vigencia de la exploración estadificatoria extrapleural de la cadena mamaria interna." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba 62, no. 2 (2021): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v62.n2.27897.

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The interest to know the lnternal Marnmary Chain (IMC) Involvement is that it is a lyrnphatic filter as primary as the axilla. Anatomic-surgical fundamcnts, were presented for thcir exploration .Fifty (50) pectus-sternal, analizing the number of nodes (average 9,7 per pecirnen), located preferably in the three first intercostals spaces, were studied. In the second phase IMC with a staging criterion and extrapleural way, resecting 1 or 2 costal cartilages, were explored. In 78 patients, pathological-anatomy correlation between IMC and the axilla, we observed 6% positive IMC with negative axilla

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Gouldstone, Andrew, Richard E. Brown, James P. Butler, and Stephen H. Loring. "Stiffness of the pleural surface of the chest wall is similar to that of the lung." Journal of Applied Physiology 95, no. 6 (2003): 2345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00588.2003.

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To address the role of the parietal pleura in reduction of mesothelial shear stresses during breathing, we measured the stiffness of the parietal pleural surface of mammalian chest walls using microindentation. The pleural surface was indented over ribs and intercostal spaces with rigid flat punches (tip radii of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.1 cm) to probe stiffness at length scales comparable with those of surface asperities. We found a tissue shear modulus of 6,700 dyn/cm2 and pleural membrane tension of 4,900 dyn/cm, with a geometric standard deviation of 0.42. These values are similar to those measur

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Anton, Tonev, and Tsvetan Chaprazov. "RADIOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT OF VERTEBRAL HEART SCALE, SPHERICITY INDEX AND NUMBER OF INTERCOSTAL SPACES IN CATS WITH VARIOUS LUNGWORM INFECTIONS." Tradition and Modernity in Veterinary Medicine 9, no. 1 (2024): 9–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12804475.

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Infection with respiratory nematodes in cats leads to functional disturbances in the activity of the cardi-ovascular system, finding expression in clinical and radiographic changes. The purpose of this study is to determine absolute and relative heart size in cats infected by Aelurostron-gylus abstrusus (Strongylida: Angiostrongylidae), Troglostrongylus brevior (Strongylida: Crenosomatidae) or mixed invasion by correlating heart size and selected skeletal structures.Forty cats with confirmed pulmonary parasites infestation (22 with A. abstrusus, 6 with Т. brevior and 7 with mixed invasion) are

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Godoy-Navarrete, F., F. G. Jiménez-Núñez, N. Mena-Vázquez, C. M. Romero-Barco, G. Diaz Cordoves, and A. Fernandez-Nebro. "FRI0039 LUNG ULTRASOUND UTILITY IN INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE DETECTION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 594.2–594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5404.

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Background:Objectives:To analyze the diagnostic utility of lung ultrasound (US) to detect interstitial lung disease (ILD) in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients comparing with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).Methods:Study design: We performed a cross-sectional, observational study in patients with RA-ILD (cases) controlled with a gruop of RA patients without ILD (controls) paired by sex, age and time of disease evolution.Protocol: Patients were selected between May and September 2019. Patients were interwied by two rheumathologist for the protocolized collection of clinical data. The

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27

Braun, U. "Ultrasonographic examination of the liver in cows." American Journal of Veterinary Research 51, no. 10 (1990): 1522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1990.51.10.1522.

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SUMMARY The size of the liver, as well as the situation and diameter of vessels in cattle were determined by use of ultrasonography. Ultrasonographic examinations of the liver were performed on 10 cows 10 times within 2 weeks, using a 3.5-MHz linear transducer on the right side in the 12th, 11th, and 10th intercostal spaces. Dorsal and ventral margin of the liver as well as localization and diameter of the caudal vena cava and the portal vein were determined in each intercostal space. Furthermore, the angle of the liver in the ventral area between the visceral surface and the diaphragmatic sur

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Olszynski, P., R. Woods, S. Netherton, Q. Hussain, B. Blondeau, and S. Dunn. "P066: Ultrasound localization to resuscitate in arrest (ULTRA)." CJEM 21, S1 (2019): S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.257.

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Introduction: There is increasing evidence supporting ultrasonography for the determination of optimal chest compression location during cardiac arrest. Radiological studies have demonstrated that in up to 1/3 of patients the aortic root or outflow tract is being compressed during standard CPR. Out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrests (OHCA) could benefit from cardiac localization, undertaken with scaled-down ultrasound equipment by which the largest fluid filled structure in the chest (the heart) is identified to guide optimal compression location. We intend to evaluate 1) where the left ventricle is

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Watson, T. W., and W. A. Whitelaw. "Voluntary hyperventilation changes recruitment order of parasternal intercostal motor units." Journal of Applied Physiology 62, no. 1 (1987): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.1.187.

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The order of recruitment of single-motor units in parasternal intercostal muscles during inspiration was studied in normal human subjects during quiet breathing and voluntary hyperventilation. Electromyograms were recorded from the second and third intercostal spaces by means of bipolar fine wire electrodes. Flow at the mouth, volume, end-expired CO2, and rib cage and abdominal anterior-posterior diameters were monitored. Single-motor units were identified using criteria of amplitude and shape, and the time of first appearance of each unit in each inspiration was noted. Hyperventilation was pe

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Braun, Ueli, and Karin Hausammann. "Ultrasonographic examination of the liver in sheep." American Journal of Veterinary Research 53, no. 2 (1992): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1992.53.02.198.

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Summary The purpose of the study reported here was to get detailed information about the normal size and texture of the liver in sheep by means of ultrasonographic examinations. Structure, location, and shape of the liver, gallbladder, portal vein, and caudal vena cava were examined ultrasonographically in 100 sheep. Furthermore, 10 sheep were scanned 10 times within 2 weeks to determine reproducibility of findings. Examinations were performed on the right side of the abdomen in the seventh through twelfth intercostal spaces. In each intercostal space, the dimensions of the liver, and, if visi

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Imran, Sheikh, S. P. Tyagi, Amit Kumar, Adarsh Kumar, and Shivali Sharma. "Comparative Ultrasonographic Imaging of Spleen and Liver in Healthy Crossbred Cows." ISRN Veterinary Science 2011 (January 11, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/419591.

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The present study was undertaken to conduct a comparative ultrasonographic study of the normal bovine spleen and liver. This study was carried out in two phases using 3.5 MHz curvilinear transducer. In first phase of water bath study, bovine spleens and livers were obtained from 3 healthy cadavers and subjected to repeated ultrasonography to study the echotexture. The splenic parenchyma was isoechogenic with greater echogenicity as compared to the liver. Water bath study provided a good learning experience for the comparative analysis of echotexture of the spleen and liver. In second phase, 10

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Dickman, Curtis A., and Ronald I. Apfelbaum. "Thoracoscopic microsurgical excision of a thoracic schwannoma." Neurosurgical Focus 4, no. 2 (1998): E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.1998.4.2.8.

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A 6-cm-diameter schwannoma located at T-2 was resected completely by using transthoracic microsurgical endoscopy. The partially cystic tumor widened the neural foramen and extended into the apex of the right thoracic cavity but did not extend intradurally. The tumor was accessed by means of three 15-mm incisions made in the intercostal spaces. The operative blood loss was only 200 ml, and there were no complications. The patient was discharged on the 2nd postoperative day and returned to full activity 1 week after surgery. Thoracoscopy provides an excellent alternative to thoracotomy for perip

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Dickman, Curtis A., and Ronald I. Apfelbaum. "Thoracoscopic microsurgical excision of a thoracic schwannoma." Journal of Neurosurgery 88, no. 5 (1998): 898–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1998.88.5.0898.

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✓ A 6-cm-diameter schwannoma located at T-2 was resected completely by using transthoracic microsurgical endoscopy. The partially cystic tumor widened the neural foramen and extended into the apex of the right thoracic cavity but did not extend intradurally. The tumor was accessed by means of three 15-mm incisions made in the intercostal spaces. The operative blood loss was only 200 ml, and there were no complications. The patient was discharged on the 2nd postoperative day and returned to full activity 1 week after surgery. Thoracoscopy provides an excellent alternative to thoracotomy for per

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Haam, Seokjin, Dohyung Kim, Jungju Hwang, Hyochae Paik, and Dooyun Lee. "An anatomical study of the relationship between the sympathetic trunk and intercostal veins of the third and fourth intercostal spaces during thoracoscopy." Clinical Anatomy 23, no. 6 (2010): 702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.21001.

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Soman, Aditi, Dhanashree Kirtikar, and Taruna Gambhir. "Normative Value of Chest Expansion in Healthy Children Between 5 to 12 Years of Age Group." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 10, no. 5 (2022): 4395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2022.162.

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Background: Chest expansion measurement is included as a standard mode of measurement to evaluate patient’s baseline status of respiratory function. There are various anatomical and physiological differences between adult and paediatric respiratory system hence, adult values of chest expansion cannot be used as reference values in paediatric population. Also, there is lack of recent data that has evaluated chest expansion values in paediatric age group. So, the present study was undertaken to find out normal chest expansion values in children between 5-12 years of age. It is important to know

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Budzinska, K., G. Supinski, and A. F. DiMarco. "Inspiratory action of separate external and parasternal intercostal muscle contraction." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 4 (1989): 1395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.4.1395.

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We have previously shown that electrical stimulation of the thoracic spinal cord produces near maximal activation of the inspiratory intercostal muscles. In the present investigation, we used this technique to evaluate the relative capacity of separate external (EI) and parasternal intercostal (PA) muscle contraction to produce changes in airway pressure and inspired volume. Studies were performed in 23 anesthetized phrenicotomized dogs. Electrical stimuli were applied to the spinal cord after hyperventilation-induced apnea, before and after sequentially severing either the PA or EI muscles fr

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Modena, Diego Ferreira Alves, Silvana Maria Unruh, Guilherme Teixeira Goldfeder, et al. "Ultrasound Evaluation of Lung Fields in Healthy Dogs: Scanning Technic and Aspects of Normality." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.83469.

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Background: The ultrasound exam has always played a secondary role in pulmonary imaging, with its applicability restricted in emergency care to screen for pleural and/or pericardial effusion, pneumothorax and pulmonary contusion. The recognition of different reverberating artifacts arising from the normal aerated lungs (A lines) and in the presence of lungs with interstitial and/or alveolar infiltrates (B lines) led to wider application of the technique in patients with respiratory syndrome. The objective of this study was to describe the ultrasound imaging methodology and the aspects of the p

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ROSSO, A., L. BEUCK, A. VERTINO, R. SANFILIPPO, and A. FREIWALD. "Cribrilinids (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) associated with deep-water coral habitats at the Great Bahama Bank slope (NW Atlantic), with description of new taxa." Zootaxa 4524, no. 4 (2018): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4524.4.1.

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Four cribrilinid bryozoans associated with deep-water corals (578–682 m depth) from the Great Bahama Bank slope, are described, two of them are new. The generic allocation of some species prompted us to raise the subgenera Puellina, Cribrilaria, and Glabrilaria to genus rank. The new combination Cribrilaria saginata (Winston, 2005) n. comb. is proposed. Genus Glabrilaria is reported from the NW Atlantic for the first time based on the description of Glabrilaria hirsuta Rosso n. sp. and Glabrilaria polita Rosso n. sp. The new genus Teresaspis Rosso n. gen. is erected, and Teresaspis lineata (Ca

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Whitlock, Brian K., Allison Renwick, Amelia Pi, and Jay A. Daniel. "PSX-A-2 Late-Breaking: Acute Endotoxinemia May Increase Intercostal Temporary Mechanical Nociception in Wethers." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (2021): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.679.

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Abstract Systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) is associated with generalized hyperalgesia in humans and some animal models. However, the effects of endotoxin-induced inflammation on pain threshold in livestock, such as sheep, is unknown. Eight wethers [~1 year of age; 61.3 ± 0.5 kg BW] were administered saline (2 mL; n = 4) or endotoxin (2 mL; 400 ng of LPS / kg BW; n = 4) intravenously. A handheld algometric unit was used to administer temporary mechanical nociception (TMN) before (Day -2) and after (Day 1) treatment administration by the same person three time

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Kamakura, Tsukasa, Mitsuru Wada, Ikutaro Nakajima, et al. "Significance of electrocardiogram recording in high intercostal spaces in patients with early repolarization syndrome." European Heart Journal 37, no. 7 (2015): 630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv369.

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Kwan, How Foong, Boon Hau Ng, Nik Nuratiqah Nik Abeed, and Andrea Yu-Lin Ban. "Re-expansion pulmonary oedema: two case reports and review of the current literature." BMJ Case Reports 17, no. 11 (2024): e259166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-259166.

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Re-expansion pulmonary oedema (RPE) is an uncommon complication that occurs when a collapsed lung suddenly re-expands, resulting in an osmotic shift of fluid from the blood vessels into the air spaces within the lungs. This condition can develop following thoracocentesis or intercostal chest drainage. We report two cases of RPE that developed after varying volumes of pleural drainage and at different times. Both patients responded well to non-invasive ventilation and hydrocortisone, making a full recovery. Early detection is crucial as RPE is associated with higher mortality rates, but a posit

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Pipers, F. S., V. Reef, and J. Wilson. "Echocardiographic detection of ventricular septal defects in large animals." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 187, no. 8 (1985): 810–16. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.1985.187.08.810.

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SUMMARY Ventricular septal defects in a foal, a 2-year-old filly, and 2 calves were demonstrated with M-mode and two-dimensional real-time echocardiography. The studies were performed with the animals unsedated, either standing or in lateral recumbency. Cardiac windows were located between the 4th and 7th intercostal spaces, approximately at the level of the olecranon. In each case, the septal defect was visualized high in the membranous portion of the interventricular septum. Defects were visualized by use of sector scanning or linear-array ultrasonic equipment, with transducer frequencies of

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Bogs, Jochen, Iris Bruchmüller, Claudia Erbar, and Klaus Geider. "Colonization of Host Plants by the Fire Blight Pathogen Erwinia amylovora Marked with Genes for Bioluminescence and Fluorescence." Phytopathology® 88, no. 5 (1998): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.5.416.

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To follow the movement of Erwinia amylovora in plant tissue without dissection, this bacterium was marked with either the lux operon from Vibrio fischeri or the gfp gene from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, both carried on multicopy plasmids and expressed under the control of the lac promoter from Escherichia coli. Movement of the pathogen was visualized in leaves, stems, and roots of apple seedlings, and migration of E. amylovora was traced from inoculation sites in the stem to as far as the roots. Green fluorescent E. amylovora cells were observed in the xylem and later appeared to break ou

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Yu, Shi Qiang, Zhen Jie Cai, Yun Ge Cheng, et al. "Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease." Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals 10, no. 3 (2002): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/021849230201000308.

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We report our experience with video-assisted thoracoscopy in the surgical closure of heart septal defects. Nine patients, aged 10 to 26 years, underwent operation for closure of an atrial septal defect; and 3, aged 10 to 22 years, for closure of a ventricular septal defect. Three minithoracotomies with a diameter of 2 to 3 cm were made in the fourth intercostal space of the right parasternum and the fourth and seventh intercostal spaces of the right middle axillary line, respectively. Through the openings and guided by a thoracoscope, a catheter was inserted into the superior vena cava, femoro

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DiMarco, A. F., G. S. Supinski, B. Simhai, and J. R. Romaniuk. "Mechanical action of the internal intercostal muscles in dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 6 (1993): 2360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.6.2360.

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The pattern of electrical activation and muscle length changes of the internal intercostal (II) muscles (9th or 10th interspace) of the lower rib cage were evaluated in supine anesthetized dogs. Studies were performed during resting breathing and expiratory threshold loading. Results were compared with simultaneous measurements of the better-studied triangularis sterni muscle (4th interspace). In general, both muscles lengthened with passive inflation and shortened with passive deflation. During resting breathing, both the II and TS muscles were electrically active and shortened below resting

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Hunuk, Burak, Alper Kepez, and Okan Erdogan. "Prevalence of Brugada-type electrocardiogram pattern by recording right precordial leads at higher intercostal spaces." EP Europace 15, no. 4 (2012): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/eus211.

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Shin, Seung Chul, Hyeon Min Ryu, Jang Hoon Lee, et al. "Prevalence of the Brugada-Type ECG Recorded From Higher Intercostal Spaces in Healthy Korean Males." Circulation Journal 69, no. 9 (2005): 1064–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.69.1064.

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Sato, Hironori, Natsuko Kida, Yukihiro Inamura, et al. "The Clinical Characteristics of Cases Exhibiting Suggestive Brugada ECG (Type-S) at Higher Intercostal Spaces." Journal of Arrhythmia 27, Supplement (2011): OP60_1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4020/jhrs.27.op60_1.

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Joseph, Kripalini Ephraim, and Gary Abrams. "Su1524 CONCORDANCE OF TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY IN NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE PERFORMED AT TWO INTERCOSTAL SPACES." Gastroenterology 164, no. 6 (2023): S—1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(23)04063-5.

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Molnár, Viktória, Zoltán Lakner, András Molnár, et al. "The Predictive Role of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea." Life 12, no. 10 (2022): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12101504.

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Introduction: Our aim was to investigate the applicability of artificial intelligence in predicting obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and upper airway obstruction using ultrasound (US) measurements of subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) in the regions of the neck, chest and abdomen. Methods: One hundred patients were divided into mild (32), moderately severe-severe (32) OSA and non-OSA (36), according to the results of the polysomnography. These patients were examined using anthropometric measurements and US of SAT and drug-induced sleep endoscopy. Results: Using SAT US and anthropometric paramete

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