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Journal articles on the topic 'Intercountry adoption'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Guštin, Matko, and Branka Rešetar. "Međudržavno posvojenje u Republici Hrvatskoj kroz prizmu slučaja posvojenja djece iz DR Konga." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu 73, no. 5 (December 29, 2023): 881–929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.73.5.03.

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Intercountry and interracial adoptions are forms of international adoption that imply the difference between adopter and adoptee in geographical, racial, and ethnic terms, which makes the adoption process very complex. The recent case of intercountry adoption of children from DR Congo by Croatian citizens confirmed the globally recognized controversy, questionability, and complexity of the intercountry adoption process. The key or additional problem in this case of intercountry adoption is the fact that DR Congo is not a party to the 1993 Convention on the Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption. The case of intercountry adoption of children from DR Congo encouraged the authors to research and analyze international and national regulations and practices relevant to intercountry adoption. In this paper, the authors specifically analyze open issues related to intercountry adoptions in Croatian legislation, more precisely the recognition of foreign court decisions on adoption, minimum standards related to the establishment and recognition of intercountry adoptions, the possibility of termination of adoption, the citizenship status of adopted children, and the children's right to access information about adoption. In conclusion, the authors propose de lege ferenda solutions for the future regulation of intercountry adoptions.

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2

Rios-Kohn, Rebeca. "Intercountry Adoption." Adoption Quarterly 1, no. 4 (June 22, 1998): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j145v01n04_02.

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3

Hollinger, Joan Heifetz. "Intercountry Adoption." Adoption Quarterly 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j145v08n01_03.

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4

Yoon, Dong Pil. "Intercountry Adoption." Journal of Ethnic And Cultural Diversity in Social Work 13, no. 2 (August 10, 2004): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j051v13n02_04.

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5

Triseliotis, John. "Intercountry Adoption." Adoption & Fostering 17, no. 3 (October 1993): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857599301700314.

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6

Mather, M. "Intercountry adoption." Archives of Disease in Childhood 92, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2005.086322.

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7

Willing, Indigo, Patricia Fronek, and Denise Cuthbert. "Review of Sociological Literature on Intercountry Adoption." Social Policy and Society 11, no. 3 (April 18, 2012): 465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746412000140.

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This review surveys sociological literature on intercountry adoption from 1997 to 2010. The analysis finds a preponderance of literature from the United States, reflecting its place as a major receiving country, and a focus on adoption experience organised by reference to the adoption triad: adoptive parents, adoptees, birth families. Reflecting the power imbalances in intercountry adoption, the voices and views of adoptive parents dominate the literature. There is an emerging literature generated by researchers who are intercountry adoptees, while birth families remain almost invisible in this literature. A further gap identified by this review is work which examines intercountry adoption as a global social practice and work which critically examines policy.

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Zubareva, A. E. "Protecting children’s rights in intercountry adoption." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 3, no. 82 (June 10, 2024): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.82.3.34.

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The article explores the protection of children’s rights in intercountry adoption. It defines the concept of intercountry adoption and outlines three categories of international multilateral treaties that establish standards and guarantees for ensuring children’s rights and interests in this regard. Specifically, the author examines the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), the Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption (1993), and the European Convention on Intercountry Adoption (Revised) (2008). The article underscores that in intercountry adoption, states must prioritize the interests of the child. It mandates that intercountry adoption should only occur with the involvement of competent authorities and in accordance with the law. Additionally, states must take preventive measures to ensure that intercountry adoption doesn’t result in undue financial gain for the adoptive parents, and states must combat unlawful activities like abduction, sale or trafficking of children. The article highlights the importance of consulting with the child regarding their desire to be adopted, informing them adequately about the consequences, and obtaining their voluntary consent. The child’s wishes and opinions should be taken into consideration, and consent should not be procured through remuneration or compensation. The author examines the practices of national protection of children’s rights in intercountry adoption, focusing on countries such as Australia, Ukraine, Taiwan, and Indonesia. According to this practice, states establish clear criteria at the national level to ensure children’s rights in intercountry adoption. These criteria include requirements such as minimum and maximum age limits for adoptive parents, their mental and physical well-being, demonstrated financial capability to raise a child, a specified period of being married, etc. States also specify the grounds under which a child may be considered for adoption, considering factors such as age, health, preferences, voluntary consent, and other considerations. Also, states assess the needs arising during and after intercountry adoption, offering counseling and support services. These services may encompass assistance in tracing biological relatives, preserving children’s cultural identities, and providing practical support for both adoptees and adoptive parents.

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San Román, Beatriz, and Karen S. Rotabi. "Rescue, red tape, child abduction, illicit adoptions, and discourse: Intercountry adoption attitudes in Spain." International Social Work 62, no. 1 (July 24, 2017): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817714314.

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Evidence of child abduction for intercountry adoption challenges our notions of altruism. The history of illicit adoptions and child abduction is presented with specific emphasis on Guatemala as a case example. Drawing on data produced in an ethnographic research, the analysis searches to elucidate how those involved in intercountry adoption in Spain (mainly adoptive and prospective adoptive parents) deal with signs of fraud and corruption. The results point out how these discourses usually dismiss the failures of the system and revolve around the idea of rescue. The rights of birth families – and even their mere existence – are usually absent in the discussion.

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10

Breuning, Marijke, and John Ishiyama. "The Politics of Intercountry Adoption: Explaining Variation in the Legal Requirements of Sub-Saharan African Countries." Perspectives on Politics 7, no. 1 (February 12, 2009): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592709090124.

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What determines whether a country has more or less restrictive policies regarding intercountry adoption? Despite the growing importance of intercountry adoption as a political issue, and as an explicitly human face of globalization, there is virtually no systematic empirical work on intercountry adoption. We introduce a measure of the restrictiveness of the adoption laws in Sub-Saharan African countries and test possible explanations for the variations in legal restrictions on intercountry adoption among these countries.Factors that are commonly cited as explanations for the restrictiveness of intercountry adoption policies do not hold up very well in our assessment. Openness to adoption is not determined by the severity of the orphan crisis or the AIDS crisis within the sending country, nor are democratic countries more responsive to the needs of their orphans. Additionally, African signatories to the Hague Convention, which aimed to increase transparency and accountability in intercountry adoption, tend to be among the most restrictive. On the other hand, a stronger connection with the global economy is associated with greater openness to intercountry adoption. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for orphans and for intercountry adoption.

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A.Kadir, Nadhilah, and Azizah Mohd. "Child Protection Through Intercountry Adoption in Malaysia: A Literature Review." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): e001870. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i11.1870.

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Intercountry adoption is recognised at the international level as a child protection measure, particularly during the Second World War. The introduction of the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption 1993 (Hague Convention 1993) has formally recognised intercountry adoption as one of the means of child care. However, in Malaysia, intercountry adoption is not formally practised and Malaysia is not a State party to the Hague Convention 1993. A review of intercountry adoption as a child protection measure in Malaysia from a legal perspective was conducted and four themes emerged, namely, (a) legal and policy framework; (b) legal issues; (c) sending and receiving states’ perspectives; and (d) Malaysian perspective. Results indicate that there is a comprehensive literature on intercountry adoption from a legal perspective but small literature in the context of Malaysia since it is not formally recognised as a child protection measure. At present, intercountry adoption is permitted based on the requirement of residence in the adoption statutes.

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12

Couzens, Ed. "A very long engagement: The Children's Act 38 of 2005 and the 1993 Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 12, no. 1 (June 26, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2009/v12i1a2720.

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This article analyses the intercountry adoptions provisions contained in Chapter 16 of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005, against the standards of the Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoptions, 1993. After a brief overview of the two leading South African cases on intercountry adoption, which stress the importance of having this institution statutorily regulated, the author proceeds to analyse the most significant clauses pertaining to intercountry adoptions contained in the Act, in order to identify the strengths and weaknesses in this new statutory framework. The author concludes that the Children’s Act is a dramatic improvement on the current regime of intercountry adoptions and that it has the potential to make this institution work in the best interests of children.

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A. Kadir, Nadhilah, and Azizah Mohd. "Intercountry Adoption in Malaysia and Morocco: A New Frontier." Hasanuddin Law Review 9, no. 2 (August 23, 2023): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v9i2.4607.

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Intercountry adoption offers a family-based care option for children in need of care and protection. It allows them to find loving and permanent homes outside their birth country, providing them with stability, support, and a sense of belonging essential for their well-being. The Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption 1993 (Hague Convention 1993) serves as the primary international legal instrument governing intercountry adoption. Despite its importance, intercountry adoption remains relatively uncommon in Malaysia, as the country lacks specific statutory provisions and is not a signatory to the Hague Convention 1993. The purpose of this study is to examine the current state of intercountry adoption in Malaysia and Morocco and explore the viability of intercountry adoption as a child protection measure. The study involves interviews with relevant departments and an examination of Malaysia's current adoption laws. Additionally, the study analyses the international legal framework, including the Hague Convention 1993 and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 (UNCRC) to provide a comprehensive understanding of the context surrounding intercountry adoption. Furthermore, this paper offers a comparative analysis of Morocco's intercountry kafalah system, which recognises kafalah as an alternative to legal adoption based on Islamic law. The findings of this study will offer valuable insights and recommendations for enhancing Malaysia's approach to intercountry adoption. By considering best practices and international standards, this research seeks to ensure the well-being and protection of children in need of care and protection, promoting their access to a stable and nurturing family environment.

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', Sonia Rosha Yolanda, and Moch Najib Imanullah '. "PEMANTAUAN PELAKSANAAN HAK-HAK ANAK DI TEMPAT TINGGAL SETELAH PELAKSANAAN ADOPSI INTERNASIONAL WARGA NEGARA INDONESIIA OLEH WARGA NEGARA ASING (INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION)." Jurnal Privat Law 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/privat.v7i1.29966.

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Abstract<br />This research aims to monitor the implementation of children right in the habitual residence after the <br />implementation of intercountry adoption in Indonesia. This monitoring is carried out to ensure the protection <br />and welfare of children. The author uses doctrinal or normative law research method then secondary data is <br />used. Through those methods, the implementation of the children right can be reviewed from the literature <br />and rules that apply in ideal regulations. The results obtained from this research are the ideal regulation <br />of monitoring the implementation of the children right in the habitual residence after the realization of the <br />intercountry adoption of Indonesian Citizens by Foreigners. International civil law of Indonesia is used <br />by the researcher in conducting this research that essentially contains foreign elements in it.<br />Keywords: Intercountry adoption; the habitual residence; adoptant; adoptandus.<br />Abstrak<br />Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memantau pelaksanaan hak-hak anak di tempat tinggal setelah pelaksanaan <br />intercountry adoption di Indonesia. Pemantauan ini dilaksanakan demi terjaminnya perlindungan dan <br />kesejahteraan anak. Metode penulisan yang digunakan oleh penulis yaitu penelitian hukum doctrinal <br />atau normatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Melalui metode tersebut, maka pelaksanaan <br />hak-hak anak dapat ditinjau dar berbagai literature dan peraturan yang berlaku secara ideal. Hasil yang <br />diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pengaturan yang ideal mengenai pemantauan pelaksanaan hak-hak <br />anak di tempat tinggal setelah terwujudnya pelaksanaan intercountry adoption Warga Negara Indonesia <br />oleh Warga Negara Asing. Hukum perdata internasional digunakan oleh penulis dalam melakukan <br />penelitian yang pada hakikatnya mengandung unsur asing didalamnya. <br />Kata kunci: Intercounry Adoption; the habitual residence; adoptant; adoptandus.

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15

Sargent, Sarah. "Suspended Animation: The Implementation of the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption in the United States and Romania." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 10, no. 2 (March 2004): 351–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v10.i2.3.

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Recent high profile cases in the popular media highlight on going problems with intercountry adoption. These cases involved the sending of infants from the United States to families in the United Kingdom who had not been approved for adoption under United Kingdom standards. This is despite the efforts in each country to enact the protections afforded to children under the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption although at the time of the adoptions, these protections were not yet in force in either country. Are these headline cases of intercountry adoption gone catastrophically wrong the norm or the exception in intercountry adoption? Although the Convention is not yet in force in the United States and only went into force in the United Kingdom on June 1, 2003, the failure of each country to adhere to the protections that the Convention would provide, as well as the overriding monetary incentive in adoption, led to high profile baby selling cases. It is beyond the scope of this Article to look in-depth at the experience of each Hague member country; but a review of the implementation efforts in Romania and the United States illustrates the difficulties in meaningful implementation and provides a study in microcosm of the successes and failures of the Convention, with implications of what the future impact of the Hague Convention will be on intercountry adoption.

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Paniagua, Carmen, Jesús Palacios, Jesús M. Jiménez-Morago, and Francisco Rivera. "Adoption Breakdown in Spain: A Survival and Age-Related Analysis." Research on Social Work Practice 29, no. 2 (August 3, 2018): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731518791037.

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Purpose: The two goals of this article are the analysis of the duration of adoptive placements ending in breakdown and the role of age at placement in the breakdown experience. Method: All known cases of adoption breakdown during a whole decade in Andalusia, a Spanish region, were studied. Preadoption and formalized adoptions, domestic and intercountry adoptions were included. Data were analyzed using survival analysis, Cox regression, χ2, and rate ratio analyses. Results: The duration of adoptive placements ending in breakdown, significantly shorter in intercountry adoptions, is associated with a configuration of characteristics in the child, the adoptive parents and adoptive family life, and professional intervention. Among child-related factors, age at placement is of special relevance for the breakdown experience. Conclusions: Placements involving older children last less and break down more frequently, but are not condemned to failure. They need to be better supported with protective factors compensating the risks.

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17

Pahz, James A. "Building Families through Intercountry Adoption." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 8, no. 1 (April 1987): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/la19-py1p-2j7n-rhgn.

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In the United States today, one in six couples face the problem of infertility. Although advanced medical techniques will be able to help about half of those couples, the remainder will stay childless. For those adults who desire the parenting experience, adoption is an important solution. Since healthy, adoptable infants are increasingly difficult to find in the United States, parents wanting to adopt are looking elsewhere. Intercountry adoption offers a solution to the problem of not being able to find healthy infants for adoption. Adopting from a foreign country is an option which is being selected by more and more Americans who wish to add to their family.

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Hoffman, Katie. "Public service or private affair? The application of ‘kinship by design’ to intercountry adoption in England." International Social Work 60, no. 5 (May 9, 2017): 1087–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817702431.

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This article examines the status of intercountry adoption (ICA) within adoption and family policy in England by analysing the extent to which the preventive ideals of ‘kinship by design’ are applied to ICA, particularly in the provision of adoption support. The discussion is set in the context of adoption reform under the New Labour and Coalition governments, broader family policy ideals of prevention and early intervention and state objectives in adoption, as well as global policy standards. This article argues that ‘kinship by design’ is not equally applied to intercountry adoptive families in England.

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Selman, Peter. "Intercountry Adoption in Europe 1998–2008: Patterns, Trends and Issues." Adoption & Fostering 34, no. 1 (April 2010): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857591003400102.

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Peter Selman examines the recent history of intercountry adoption in Europe in the context of the enlarged EU, which contains both receiving and sending countries. The article provides a detailed analysis of the movement of children for adoption between European countries and examines the impact of intercountry adoption on the well-being of children in Europe and current debates in the European Parliament on the future of intercountry adoption in Europe.

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20

Johansson, Shruti, and Judith Lind. "Preservation of the Child's Background in In- and Intercountry Adoption." International Journal of Children's Rights 17, no. 2 (2009): 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181808x389245.

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AbstractThe point of departure of the present article is the child's right to preservation of her/his ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic background in adoption, as stipulated in the CRC and the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption. The article seeks to analyse the various meanings attributed to preservation of the child's background in in- and intercountry adoption and in different national contexts. The main focus is on the seldom-studied perspective of one of the major sending countries in intercountry adoption: India. Five representatives of two non-governmental adoption agencies and one governmental agency in addition to six Indian adoptive parents have been interviewed about their views on the significance of the child's background in adoption. In our analysis, we show that preservation of a child's background is perceived to be in conflict with other interests of the child, such as gaining a position in her/his adoptive family equal to that of a biological child and being loved unconditionally. In contrast to the general portrayal of Indian adoption applicants as being selective regarding the child's religious background and skin colour, agency representatives as well as adoptive parents endeavoured to distinguish themselves from this portrayal by emphasizing the irrelevance of the child's background.

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Couchman, J. "Intercountry Adoption in New Zealand - A Child Rights Perspective." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 27, no. 3 (November 3, 1997): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v27i3.6107.

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In 1996, the Adoption Amendment Bill (No 2) was introduced into Parliament. The aim of the Bill was to implement in New Zealand the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption. New Zealand's accession to the Hague Convention would provide significantly improved protection for some children who come to New Zealand as a result of intercountry adoption. This article provides information on intercountry adoption in New Zealand, the background to the Bill, and concludes that the Bill, if passed in its current form, would fail to provide protection for the majority of children who come to New Zealand as a result of intercountry adoption, and would not fulfil New Zealand's obligations concerning adoption under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.

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Chou, Shihning. "Intercountry Adoption on the Internet." Adoption & Fostering 31, no. 2 (July 2007): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590703100206.

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This study by Shihning Chou, Kevin Browne and Melanie Kirkaldy investigated whether inter-country adoption agencies on the internet upheld the principles of the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child (UNCRC 1989) and the Hague Convention (1993). A systematic search on the UK-based Google search engine was carried out. The search yielded 2,383 hits, of which 116 were adoption agencies. All 116 agencies were registered in the USA and 37 per cent of the agency websites clearly stated that potential adoptive parents are allowed to select a child they wish to adopt, with 34 per cent offering the option to apply online. The average total fee for intercountry adoption per child was US$20,338 with an average application fee of US$273.97. The majority of websites displayed photographs of children: 9.5 per cent showed photos of named children who had been adopted, 25 per cent displayed photos of named children currently available for adoption and 50 per cent of websites displayed general photographs of children with no identifiers. Furthermore, 18.1 per cent of agencies used terminology that promoted children as a commodity rather than as individuals in need. There was a positive correlation between agencies using such terminology and those displaying photographs with personal information. If these views are accepted, it means that it can be estimated that at least 38 per cent of the agencies were in breach of the UNCRC and the Hague Convention.

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Davis, Mary Ann. "Intercountry Adoption Flows from Africa to the U.S.: A Fifth Wave of Intercountry Adoptions?" International Migration Review 45, no. 4 (December 2011): 784–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2011.00868.x.

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Palacios, Jesús. "Crisis in intercountry adoption, crisis in adoptive families." Family Science 6, no. 1 (January 2015): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19424620.2015.1080963.

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Bakarbessy, Leonora, and Dian Purnama Anugerah. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE CHILD PRINCIPLES IN INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION IN INDONESIA." Yuridika 33, no. 1 (February 8, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v33i1.7202.

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Adoption of Indonesian children by foreigner is a form of intercountry adoption. In Indonesia such adoption is not prohibited but conditions are more difficult because it is a last effort or ultimum remedium for the best interests of the child. Therefore petition for intercountry adoption throught the court, its decision in the form of a court decision, because the proof as the same as the evidence in civil suit.This is defferent from the petition of national adoption.This paper discusses the implementation of the best interest of child’s principle in Indonesia and how to conduct intercountry adoption in Indonesia in order to avoid any attempts of illegal adoption. This paper concludes that the Indonesian Government has issued a number of laws and regulations govern the intercountry adoption. These laws require implying the principle of the best interest of children in order to protect the interest of children who is adopted by foreigner. In order to undertake the adoption, the court should decide that it is eligible after the Ministry of Social of the Republic of Indonesia approves adoption application.

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Kadir, Nadhilah A., Azizah Mohd, Roslina Che Soh@ Yusoff, and Najibah Mohd Zin. "Child Protection through Intercountry Adoption with Special Reference to the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption 1993." Global Journal of Business and Social Science Review (GJBSSR) Vol. 3(2) 2015 3, no. 2 (April 23, 2015): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2015.3.2(11).

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Objective - This paper seeks to examine the practice of intercountry adoption as prescribed in the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in respect of Intercountry Adoption 1993 (the Hague Convention 1993) particularly relating to its requirements and procedures. This is in order to describe the minimum safeguards provided by The Hague Convention 1993 to ensure that such adoption takes place in the child's best interests. This paper also discusses the relationship between the Hague Convention 1993 and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 (CRC) relating to the position of intercountry adoption as one of the available means of child care. Methodology/Technique - This paper adopts qualitative research method. Analysis focuses on international policies provided by International Legal Frameworks that include The Hague Convention 1993 and the CRC. Findings - The Hague Convention 1993 recognizes intercountry adoption as one of the alternative care options that provides the advantage of a permanent family setting to a child whom, a suitable family is unavailable for him or her in the birth country. Accordingly, this paper suggests that family setting should be preferred over institutional setting in deciding a child's placement. Novelty - The paper deliberates on the position of intercountry adoption at the international level as one of the alternative care options. Type of Paper - Conceptual Keywords: Alternative Care; Child Protection; Hague Convention 1993; Intercountry Adoption; Permanent Family Care.

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Peña, Rosemarie. "Intercountry / Interracial Adoption: A Bibliography." Adoption & Culture 4, no. 1 (2014): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ado.2014.0027.

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Ambert, Anne-Marie, Howard Altstein, and Rita J. Simon. "Intercountry Adoption: A Multinational Perspective." Contemporary Sociology 21, no. 1 (January 1992): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2074740.

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Uhlenberg, Peter, Howard Altstein, and Rita J. Simon. "Intercountry Adoption: A Multinational Perspective." Social Forces 70, no. 2 (December 1991): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2580282.

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Palacios, Jesus, Yolanda Sanchez-Sandoval, and Esperanza Leon. "Intercountry Adoption Disruptions in Spain." Adoption Quarterly 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2005): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j145v09n01_03.

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31

Gibbons, Judith L. "Human Trafficking and Intercountry Adoption." Women & Therapy 40, no. 1-2 (October 3, 2016): 170–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2016.1210965.

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32

Sharma, Kusum. "Intercountry Adoption in Northern Ireland." Adoption & Fostering 32, no. 1 (April 2008): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590803200114.

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33

Rykkje, Linda. "Intercountry adoption and nursing care." Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 21, no. 4 (December 2007): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00503.x.

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34

Proops, Rosalyn. "Who benefits from intercountry adoption?" Ambulatory Child Health 6, no. 4 (December 2000): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-0658.2000.093-8.pp.x.

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35

Breuning, Marijke. "The Diffusion of Intercountry Adoption." International Studies Review 19, no. 3 (July 4, 2017): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isr/vix019.

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36

Swain, Shurlee. "Market Forces: Defining the Adoptable Child, 1860–1940." Social Policy and Society 11, no. 3 (April 12, 2012): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746412000152.

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Discomfort about the notion of adoption as facilitating a market in children has been one of the major motivations for regulation and control, not only for intercountry adoption but throughout the history of in country adoption as well. This paper explores the nature of the market in Australia, beginning in the decades before legalisation but looking also for continuities in the ways in which in country and later intercountry adoptions have been debated. Drawing on an analysis of advertisements from major metropolitan and regional newspapers it argues that benevolence always exists in an uneasy alliance with assumptions about the right to a child, creating a ‘shopping list’ of desired characteristics which the market has rarely been able to satisfy.

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Gibbs, Anita. "Parenting adopted children and supporting adoptive parents: Messages from research." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 22, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol22iss2id207.

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This article considers adoption from the perspective of parents, especially the strategies that they employ to enhance attachments and build positive parent-child relationships. The article draws particularly on recent New Zealand research regarding intercountry adoptive parenting, as well as overseas literature on good adoptive parenting practice generally in domestic and intercountry adoption. It also considers the research on methods of supporting parents who adopt and whether there are gaps in legislation, policy or practice in New Zealand that could be closed by borrowing from good examples in the literature, and, or current practice examples. The author is an adoptive parent of Russian-born children and is actively involved in adoptive parent support networks.

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Selman, Peter. "The Global Decline of Intercountry Adoption: What Lies Ahead?" Social Policy and Society 11, no. 3 (April 4, 2012): 381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746412000085.

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This article examines the latest trends in intercountry adoption worldwide, based on data from twenty-three receiving countries. Trends in the number of children sent by states of origin are based on their returns to the Hague Special Commission or on estimates derived from country data provided by the receiving states. The analysis concentrates on the period from 2004 to 2010 when estimated annual global numbers declined from 45,000 to 29,000, fewer than those recorded in 1998. The article will also look at changes in the age – and other characteristics – of children sent. Discussion centres on changes in sending countries, exploring the declines in China, Russia and Guatemala, the rise in adoptions from Haiti after the earthquake of 2010 and the emergence of Africa – and in particular Ethiopia – as a significant source of children for adoption. The article concludes with a consideration of the implications of a continuing high demand from childless couples in developed countries on the intercountry adoption ‘market’; and the prediction of David Smolin that, unless truly reformed, intercountry adoption will eventually be abolished and labeled as a ‘neo-colonial mistake’.

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Cardaras, Mary, Gabrielle Glaser, Gregory Luce, and Gonda Van Steen. "Adoption's Unfinished Business: A Roundtable Discussion." Adoption & Culture 11, no. 1 (2023): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ado.2023.a907130.

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abstract: This roundtable discussion in which four participants take part allows adopted persons and those with experience of adoption to reflect on the enduring nature of adoption, the writing process that tries to capture it, and the challenges that in-country as well as intercountry adoptions still present. Guiding questions are: 1) How did you come to the process of writing? What does your genre of writing entail and what does it bring to the conversation about adoption? What made this writing happen and why now? 2) How would you define the "unfinished business" of adoption? Does it relate to the role that access to birth and adoption records plays? Is access a matter of institutional/legal challenges and/or psychological and even medical concerns? 3) What do you see as the main similarities and differences between in-country and intercountry adoptions? How do you see the two converge or drift apart in the near future? 4) What has changed recently in the adoption discussion? What remains to be debated and fought for?

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Harper, Juliet. "Love is Not Enough: Breakdown in Intercountry Adoption." Children Australia 12, no. 1 (1987): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031289700001403x.

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Intercountry adoption (ICA) is a relatively new phenomenon in Australia and it is only since the plight of abandoned children was brought to world awareness at the end of the Vietnam War that it has become an accepted means of eradicating or extending a family. However, the major impetus for this situation has been the rapid decrease in the availability of local infants for adoption and this appears to be an outcome of the greater social acceptability of single parenting and the introduction of the supporting parent benefit which has provided single women with the financial means to keep their babies rather than give them up for adoption. While the numbers of children available for adoption have decreased the demand for them has not and so one is faced with a problem of supply and demand which has lead many persons who would otherwise have not done to consider ICA. It is of course recognised that not all adoptive parents of overseas children come into this category, although increasingly this is becoming the case. If one Is honest then it is suggested that ICA is rarely a first choice as a way of creating a family, indeed, one might say that it is a third choice for those whose age precludes them from adopting an infant. Objectively then, the risk of adoption failure leading to breakdown is a real possibility and one that needs to be thought about and prepared for before the number of ICA accelerate and the probability of breakdown increases.

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Fonseca, Claudia. "An Unexpected Reversal: Charting the Course of International Adoption in Brazil." Adoption & Fostering 26, no. 3 (October 2002): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590202600306.

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During the 1990s there was a dramatic fall in intercountry adoptions of Brazilian children — from over 2,000 per annum at the beginning of the decade to under 400 at the decade's close. On the basis of documentary material, Claudia Fonseca outlines possible reasons for this drop, considering hypotheses linked to the international market of adoptable children, legal restrictions on intercountry adoption imposed by the Brazilian government, and, finally, scandals in the mass media which stigmatise local intermediaries and officials involved in this activity.

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Koo, Youngeun. "The Question of Adoption: “Divided” Korea, “Neutral” Sweden, and Cold War Geopolitics, 1964–75." Journal of Asian Studies 80, no. 3 (February 16, 2021): 563–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911820004581.

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This article examines the early development of South Korean intercountry adoption to Sweden. It focuses particularly on two disruptions in the movement of children between the two nations, drawing on archival sources in Sweden, South Korea, and Denmark. The article demonstrates that South Korean–Swedish adoption was deeply bound up in the shifting Cold War relations within and between the Korean peninsula and Scandinavia in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Further, state actions and strategies during this time reveal that both governments actively utilized their Cold War foreign policy and positionality to shape adoption to meet their respective national interests. This study extends US-centered adoption scholarship by revealing broader implications of Cold War geopolitics in cross-border adoptions to Scandinavia and, more importantly, significant ways in which intercountry adoption challenged, altered, and constituted the Cold War relations and nation-building projects of both sending and receiving states.

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Richards, Sarah. "“I’m More Than Just Adopted”: Stories of Genealogy in Intercountry Adoptive Families." Genealogy 2, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy2030025.

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In contrast to the historical ‘blank slate’ approach to adoption, current policy places significant emphasis on providing children with knowledge; family history; biological connections; stories, a genealogy upon which to establish an authentic identity. The imperative for this complex, and often incomplete, genealogy is also explicit within the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption established in 1993 to ensure that intercountry adopted children will be provided with a genealogical ‘heritage’. Yet, despite the recurring dominance of this approach, ‘heritage’ remains an ambiguous dictum which holds the expectation that adopted children should have access to any available birth/first family information and acquire cultural competence about an often distant and removed birth country. Providing such heritage becomes the responsibility of intercountry adoptive parents. It is therefore unsurprising that this role has become part of how intercountry adoptive parents perform and display their parenting and family practices before and after adoption (Richards 2014a; 2018). Such family work is explicit in the stories that parents and children coconstruct about birth family, abandonment, China, and the rights of adopted children to belong first and foremost to a birth country. Using qualitative data provided by a social worker, eleven girls aged between five and twelve, and their parents, this article explores the role and changing significance of narratives as familial strategies for delivering such heritage obligations. Outlined in this discussion is the compulsion to provide a genealogical heritage by adoptive parents which can ultimately be resisted by their daughters as they seek alternative and changing narratives through which to construct their belongings and identities.

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Noy-Sharav, Dorit. "Identity Concerns in Intercountry Adoption-Immigrants as Adoptive Parents." Clinical Social Work Journal 33, no. 2 (June 2005): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10615-005-3531-2.

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Abernethy, Seonaid. "Intercountry Kinship Adoptions: limits to The Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Intercountry Adoption." Kotuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online 5, no. 1 (May 2010): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1177083x.2010.495050.

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Scarvelis, Beverly, Beth Crisp, and Sophie Goldingay. "Do schools promote social inclusion? The experiences of intercountry adoptees in Australia." Journal of Social Inclusion 5, no. 1 (June 4, 2014): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36251/josi69.

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Intercountry adoption programs have brought children from racially and culturally diverse backgrounds to live as Australians, including 30 children from Rangsit Children’s Home who arrived in South Australia in the late 1980s and early 1990s. As part of a project which explored the life experiences of 12 adults who had arrived as children aged between 4 and 9 from Rangsit, this paper explores the role of schools in facilitating their inclusion into life in Australia. The school experience was often critical in learning English and was a pre-requisite for acceptance in the school yard but also a place in which most of these Thai-born intercountry adoptees experienced racism. More than half of the participants did not complete secondary school but all had employment. However, many of these jobs were low-paying and this precluded them from participating in opportunities to return to Thailand to learn more about their Thai origins or participating as adoptive parents in intercountry adoption programs. Hence, while schools can play an important role in facilitating social inclusion, the school system alone may be unable to address the multiple dimensions of exclusion experienced by intercountry adoptees.

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Kamińska, Katarzyna. "Intercountry adoption in Polish family law." Acta Iuris Stetinensis 31 (2020): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ais.2020.31-03.

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Murphy, Sean D. "U.S. Implementation of Intercountry Adoption Convention." American Journal of International Law 95, no. 2 (April 2001): 416–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2661419.

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Harper, Juliet. "Counselling Issues in Intercountry Adoption Disruption." Adoption & Fostering 18, no. 2 (June 1994): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857599401800207.

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FRONEK, PATRICIA. "Global perspectives in Korean intercountry adoption." Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development 16, no. 1 (June 2006): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21650993.2006.9755989.

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