Journal articles: 'Intercropping – Nigeria'

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Takim, F. O., J. O. Omeke, P. Tunku, J. A. Shebaya, G. Olaoye, D. Tologbonse, and J. E. Onyibe. "Evaluation of maize-soybean intercropping systems and fertilizer rates on maize grain yield using competitive indices." Journal of Agricultural Research and Development 18, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jard.v18i1.8.

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Field trials were conducted in savanna ecologies of Nigeria during the 2015 and 2016 seasons using maize (PVA8) and soybean (TGX 1448-2E) intercropping systems with different fertilizer rates to evaluate the yield of maize and assess the best intercropping system for resource management. Single plant stands and two plants/stand and 2 arrangements of rows (one row on a ridge and two rows on a ridge) were used to impose maize plant densities evaluated in strip inter-crop with soybean. The trial was factorial, laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Thus, 8 maize-soybean strip cropping systems and application of 3 NPK rates were evaluated at Saki-Oyo, Ilorin, and Nasarawa (southern Guinea savanna), Kaduna in the northern Guinea savanna, Funtua (Katsina) and Gusau (Zamfara) located within Sudan savanna ecologies of Nigeria. Data on yields and yield components were collected. The intercropping systems were assessed using existing intercropping indices such as Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), Relative Crowding Coefficient (K), Aggressivity (A), Competitive Ratio (CR), Actual Yield Loss (AYL), Intercropping Advantage (IA) and Monetary Advantage Index (MAI). The result showed that Nasarawa and Kaduna were most ideal locations for maize production in the Nigeria savannas. The highest grain yield of 4.04 tons/ha maize and 1.36 tons/ha soybean were obtained from seeding 1 plant/stand in 2-rows per ridge x 4 ridges of maize alternated with 2 rows of soybean with the application of NPK at 100:50:50. The LER was 1.11, AYL (1.10) and MAI (208) gave a profit of ₦312,102.00 (US$990.80) ha-1 with a benefit-cost ratio of 2.38 and production efficiency of 29.56%. The study concluded that, seeding 80% maize and 20% soybean per ha will lead to sustainable maize crop production with limited use of fertilizer. It can be adopted by the farmers in Nigeria savannas as a relatively profitable intercropping system. Keywords: Maize production, Ideal location, Fertilizer rate, Competitive indices, Savanna ecologies, Nigeria

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Degri, M. M., and I. B. Richard. "Impact of Intercropping Sorghum and Okra on the Incidence of Flea Beetles of Okra Podagrica spp in Dalwa, Maiduguri Semi-Arid Zone of Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 14 (April 2014): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.14.51.

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Field experiments were conducted at faculty of Agriculture teaching and research farm, university of Maiduguri in 2010 and 2011 rainy seasons. The aim was to investigate the impact of intercropping sorghum with okra on the incidence of flea beetle of okra (Podagrica spp) in the semi-Arid zone of Nigeria. The results showed that sole crop okra suffered flea beetle attack which affected its growth, fruit formation, fruit weights and fruit yield. Intercropping okra with sorghum significantly reduced the flea beetle populations, leaf damage caused by Podagrica spp (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). While increasing number of leaves for photosynthetic activities, plant height, fruit formation, fresh fruit weight and total fruit yield. The study concluded that okra intercropping at 1:1, 1:2 and 2:2 are the most efficient and productive intercrop systems in flea beetle management. Okra intercropping with cereal sorghum was found to be good for sustainable agriculture and organic farming in Nigeria due to its numerous advantages, particularly with respect to insect pests’ control.

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Ijoyah, M. O. "Maize-Soybean Intercropping System: Effects on Striga Control, Grain Yields and Economic Productivity at Tarka, Benue State, Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 19 (July 2014): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.19.69.

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On-Farm trials were conducted from July to November during the 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons, at Tarka, Benue State, Nigeria to evaluate the effects of intercropping maize and soybean on striga control, grain yields and economic productivity. The treatments consisted of sole maize, sole soybean and the intercrop of maize and soybean, replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. The results obtained showed that intercropping maize and soybean significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced striga shoot count by 55.9 % and 56.1 % respectively, in 2009 and 2010 compared to that produced on pure maize plots. Number of affected maize plants, lodging score of maize and infestation rate were lower for intercropping than for sole maize plots. The severity level was also recorded lower for intercropping compared to that recorded for pure maize stands, where severity level is in the range of high to very high. Though, soybean yield was reduced by intercropping, however, soybean and maize intercropping system increased maize grain yield, total intercrop yield, land equivalent coefficient greater than 0.25, land equivalent ratio values greater than one (LER > 1), higher total intercrop values and monetary equivalent ratio greater than 1.00, indicating yield and economic advantages. The implication of study showed that intercropping maize and soybean can be adopted by farmers as an efficient cropping system strategy to reduce striga infestation, increase maize yield and give greater economic productivity.

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Egbe, Moses O., and Philip O. Osang. "Intercrop Advantages of some Improved Sweet Potato + Soybean in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 39 (May 2015): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.39.28.

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Field trials were conducted during 2011 and 2012 cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State located in Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. The objective of the study was to evaluate the response of some improved sweet potato varieties planted at three densities to intercropping with soybean. The experiment was a 2x3x3 split-split plot laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot consisted of two cropping systems [sole cropping (sweet potato, soybean) and intercropping (sweet potato + soybean). The sub-plot consisted of three sweet potato varieties (CIP440037, NRSP/05/007C and CIP440141). The sub-sub-plot treatment comprised of three sweet potato planting densities (25,000 plants/ha, 33,000 plants/ha and 50,000 plants/ha). Intercropping severely depressed the yields of both sweet potato varieties and the soybean component, such that intercrop yields were rarely above 50% of sole crop yields, irrespective of the sweet potato variety used. The number and weight of the sweet potato component was not significantly affected at the planting density of 50,000 plants/ha. Indices used to measure intercrop advantage showed that intercropping these sweet potato varieties with soybean was biologically efficient and percentage land saved varied from 23.08 and 32.43. Soybean was more competitive than sweet potato at all densities tested.

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Ifenkwe, O. P., and S. O. Odurukwe. "Potato/maize intercropping in the Jos Plateau of Nigeria." Field Crops Research 25, no. 1-2 (November 1990): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(90)90073-k.

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Esekhade, T. U., S. O. Idoko, C. S. Mesike, C. Okwu-Abolo, S. O. Igberaese, S. O. Ighedosa, and L. A. Oghomieje. "Economic prospects of a rubber-cassava agroforestry in Nigeria." E3S Web of Conferences 305 (2021): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130502009.

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A study to determine the financial benefits of intercropping immature rubber plantation with cassava in South Eastern Nigeria was carried out at the Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Iyanomo near Benin City. The study was set up in a randomized complete block design with each treatment replicated three times. Yield data generated were used to determine the profitability of the systems. The results showed economic yield from rubber as the rubber trees did not attain tappable girth throughout the duration of the study. a mean yield of about 25.72 tonnes of cassava tuber were generated from the sole cassava treatments for the four years period while a mean yield of about 22.92 tonnes of cassava tuber per hectare were generated from the cassava + rubber intercrop treatments in the same period. A total amount of 160,000 Naira was spent in four years as cost of intercropping. Total revenue generated from the sales of cassava in the rubber + cassava system was 900, 000.00 Naira per hectare with a Gross Margin and profit margin of 740,000 Naira and 673, 090.98 Naira respectively. A profitability index of the rubber + cassava system was 0.75, indicating that, 75% of the total amount invested in the rubber + cassava system was recovered in the first four years compared to the additional costs incurred in the sole rubber plantation treatment. This study showed that intercropping cassava with rubber during the immature phase of rubber plantation guarantee early return on investment and more profitable compared with sole rubber plantation systems.

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Ofuya, T. I. "Observations on Insect Infestation and Damage in Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) Intercropped With Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) in a Rain Forest Area of Nigeria." Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 4 (October 1991): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700019384.

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SUMMARYInsect infestation and damage in cowpea (Vigna unguiculala), planted sole or intercropped with tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was monitored in 1987 and 1988 in Akure, Nigeria. Infestation of cowpea byEmpoasca dolichiwas significantly reduced by intercropping with tomato in both years, except in the early season of 1988. Infestation of cowpea byOotheca mutabilis, Aphis craccivora, Megalurothrips sjosledti and Maruca testulaliswas not affected by intercropping with tomato in either year. Damage by pod-sucking bugs and Heliothis armigera was significantly higher in sole cowpea than in cowpea intercropped with tomato, in both years. Sole cowpea had a significantly lower seed yield than cowpea intercropped with tomato.Observaciones en cuanto a la infestación de insectos y daños en el caupí(Vigna unguiculata)sembrado en forma simultánea con tomate(Lycopersicon esculentum)en una zona de bosque tropical en Nigeria

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Ijoyah, M. O., T. Iorlamen, and F. T. Fanen. "Yield Evaluation of Three Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties Intercropped with Maize (Zea mays L.) in a Southern Guinea Savannah Location, Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 23 (August 2014): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.23.36.

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Field experiments were conducted from July to November during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons, at the Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to evaluate the yields of two newly introduced sesame varieties (Ex Sudan and SN 603) against the commonly grown variety “E-8” under intercropping with maize variety ‘Oba 98’. The trial area consisted of a total of seven treatments, replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. The results showed that, though maize yield was not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by intercropping with sesame varieties, however, intercropped yield of sesame variety ‘Ex Sudan’ was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater by 26.8 % and 25.6 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013, compared to that obtained from intercropped sesame variety ‘SN 603’, and by 19.5 % and 20.9 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013, compared to that produced from intercropped popular sesame variety ‘E-8’. Intercropping maize variety ‘Oba 98’ with sesame variety ‘Ex Sudan’ gave the highest total intercrop yield, greatest biological efficiency with a relative yield total values of 0.87 and 0.91 respectively, in 2012 and 2013. The combination also recorded the highest land equivalent ratio (LER), highest land equivalent coefficient, highest area x time equivalent ratio (ATER), highest total monetary returns (N584,200 and N588,600 respectively, in years 2012 and 2013) and highest monetary equivalent ratio (MER). The implication of study showed that sesame variety ‘Ex Sudan’ performed best and could therefore be recommended as a potential replacement for the popular variety ‘E-8’ under intercropping with maize variety ‘Oba 98’ in Makurdi, Nigeria.

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Ijoyah, Michael Ojore, Felix Terna Fanen, and Francis Doo Aindigh. "Optimum Plant Density of Okra and Intercropping Effects on Yields of Egusi Melon-Okra Mixture, at Makurdi, Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 38 (May 2015): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.38.46.

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A field experiment was conducted from August to November, during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons at the Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to identify the optimum plant density of okra and intercropping effects on yields of egusi melon-okra mixture and to assess the yield advantages of the intercropping system. The experiment was a 3x3 split plot arrangement of treatments, fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated four times. The intercropping (sole egusi melon, sole okra and egusi melon-okra mixture) constituted the main plots, while the population densities of okra (33,000, 40,000 and 50,000 plants ha-1 equivalent) into egusi melon were allocated to the subplots. Results of study showed that to maximize intercrop yield of okra in an egusi melon-okra intercrop, the optimal population density of okra is 33,000 plants ha-1, while that of 40,000 plants ha-1 is optimal to maximize intercrop yield of egusi melon. Intercropping egusi melon and okra significantly (P≤0.05) reduced yields of egusi melon (37.5 % and 40.5 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013) and that of okra (9.7 % and 16.9 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013). The highest mean land equivalent ratio value of 1.57 and highest land equivalent coefficient values of 0.60 and 0.63 respectively, in years 2012 and 2013, were recorded for okra sown into egusi melon at the population density of 40,000 plants ha-1. It is most advantageous having both crops in intercrop when okra is sown into egusi melon at the population density of 40,000 plants ha-1. This should therefore be recommended for Makurdi location, Nigeria.

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Olufemi Aremu-Dele, Kehinde Ademola Adesanya, Bunmi Olaoluwa Olorundare, Oluwadamilola Ifedolapo Asunbo, and Elizabeth Feyisayo Odeyemi. "Intercrop practices in cashew production." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.3.0268.

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Cashew is an important economic tree crop cultivated for its wood, apple and most especially the nut. The large plant spacing involved in its cultivation encourages intercropping. Intercropping cashew during the early phase of establishment with arable and sometimes tree crops is usually practiced which serves as food security, cultural weed control and means of additional income to farmers. The aim of this study is to look into some experimented cashew intercrop and gaps in the intercrop patterns. Review of past literatures was used in discovering cashew intercrop patterns in Nigeria and some major cashew producing countries. Intercropping cashew with arable crops is more popular and profitable than with tree crop except in Sri-lanka where intercropping with coconut seems profitable than cashew sole cropping. Intercropping of cashew with arable crops, legumes and vegetables did not affect the growth of young cashew except millet, sorghum and pigeon-pea. Cashew/maize and cashew/cassava/yam had high returns respectively. Intercrop combinations with more than two crops affected the growth of cashew. Cashew/rice and cashew/plantain intercrop suppressed the growth of weeds with no negative effect on cashew growth. More concise and implementable research can be done where information on weed control, growth parameters, nutrient demands, yield and economic returns can be gotten from an experiment on the various cashew intercrop patterns as this will make the findings more adoptable by the farmers. Intercropping cashew with more than 2 crops should be discouraged.

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Olasantan, F. O. "Vegetable Production in Traditional Farming Systems in Nigeria." Outlook on Agriculture 21, no. 2 (June 1992): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709202100207.

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Most increases in vegetable production come from areas under traditional agriculture, and small-scale farmers seldom adopt any intercropping technology that excludes vegetables in Nigeria, yet less attention has been paid to these crops in mixed cropping studies, compared with field crops. Vegetables are of good nutritional value, and have considerable potential as income-generating crops and as a supplement to diets consisting mainly of carbohydrates. To realize this potential, however, adequate information about the present system of production is essential, as well as improved cultivars and better crop management.

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Mashi, S. A., and A. Yaro. "Effects of Management Practices on Soil Nutrient Levels in Sabke Catchment Area, Nigeria." Indonesian Journal of Geography 47, no. 2 (February 18, 2016): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.9263.

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In Nigeria’s drylands, profitable crop production requires adequate soil fertility management. This study examines the effects of farmer-managed practices on soil fertility in Sabke catchment of the drylands. Seven sites under permanent cropland, fallow land, grassland, shrubland, orchard land, intercropping land and woodland distributed on four transects were selected across the catchment. At every site, five replicate soil samples were collected from 0-15cm (topsoil) and 20-30cm (subsoil) and analysed for C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K and Na. Higher topsoil values of most of the properties were observed under cropland and intercropping sites. The two cultivated plots receive annual applications of organic manure in addition to chemical fertilizer and crops residue retention while the other plots are not. Thus, improvement in soil organic matter and nutrients would be expected in soils of the area with high rate of application of manure and chemical fertilizer, and retention of crop residues

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OLUWATOBI, Ayodele Samuel, Kehinde Stephen OLORUNMAIYE, and Olabisi Fatimo ADEKOLA. "Growth assessment of juvenile oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) intercropped with fruit vegetables in a rainforest zone of Nigeria." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 116, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2020.116.2.889.

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Improper intercropping of Elaeis guineensis with other crops has impaired the growth and development of the oil palm due to competition for environmental resources. The study was conducted to investigate the impact of intercropping on the growth of juvenile oil palm for 2 years. The research commenced during the rainy season of 2016 at an established juvenile oil palm plantation in Ala, Akure-North Local Government of Ondo State. Four fruit vegetables were intercropped separately within the alley of the plantation at 1, 2 or 3 m away from the oil palms in a randomized complete block design. Growth parameters of the juvenile oils were assessed. Results revealed that at 16 weeks after intercropping (WAI), the intercropped oil palm recorded better growth performance with higher canopy spread, number of frond, number of leaflets and trunk height (218.20, 37.00, 87.48 and 38.17 cm) respectively, than the sole oil palms (214.67, 32.83, 72.89 and 31.67 cm) respectively. There were no significant difference in all the growth parameters examined except canopy height (p < 0.05). Juvenile oil palm cultivated in rainforest agroecological zone of Nigeria can be intercropped with fruit vegetables without any deleterious effect when intercropped at minimum of 1 m away from the oil palms.

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Agbongiarhuoyi, A. E., E. O. Aigbekaen, S. O. Adeogun, E. O. Uwagboe, I. Ndagi, and S. Adebiyi. "Intercropping Combination and Information Sources Among Kola Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural & Food Information 13, no. 2 (April 2012): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2012.664537.

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Egbo, C. U., M. A. Adagba, and D. K. Adedzwa. "Responses of soybean genotypes to intercropping with maize in the Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 52, no. 2 (August 1, 2004): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.52.2004.2.6.

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Field trials were conducted in the wet seasons of 1997 and 1998 at Makurdi, Otukpo and Yandev in the Southern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria to study the responses of ten soybean genotypes to intercropping. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design. The genotypes TGX 1807-19F, NCRI-Soy2, Cameroon Late and TGX 1485-1D had the highest grain yield. All the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values were higher than unity, indicating that there is great advantage in intercropping maize with soybean. The yield of soybean was positively correlated with the days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, pods/plant and leaf area, indicating that an improvement in any of these traits will be reflected in an increase in seed yield. There was a significant genotype × yield × location interaction for all traits. This suggests that none of these factors acted independently. Similarly, the genotype × location interaction was more important than the genotype × year interaction for seed yield, indicating that the yield response of the ten soybean genotypes varied across locations rather than across years. Therefore, using more testing sites for evaluation may be more important than the number of years.

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Nwokoro, Charles Chigemezu, Christine Kreye, Magdalena Necpalova, Olojede Adeyemi, Mutiu Busari, Meklit Tariku, Mark Tokula, et al. "Developing recommendations for increased productivity in cassava-maize intercropping systems in Southern Nigeria." Field Crops Research 272 (October 2021): 108283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108283.

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Ibrahim, Esther Shupel, Philippe Rufin, Leon Nill, Bahareh Kamali, Claas Nendel, and Patrick Hostert. "Mapping Crop Types and Cropping Systems in Nigeria with Sentinel-2 Imagery." Remote Sensing 13, no. 17 (September 5, 2021): 3523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13173523.

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Reliable crop type maps from satellite data are an essential prerequisite for quantifying crop growth, health, and yields. However, such maps do not exist for most parts of Africa, where smallholder farming is the dominant system. Prevalent cloud cover, small farm sizes, and mixed cropping systems pose substantial challenges when creating crop type maps for sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we provide a mapping scheme based on freely available Sentinel-2A/B (S2) time series and very high-resolution SkySat data to map the main crops—maize and potato—and intercropping systems including these two crops on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria. We analyzed the spectral-temporal behavior of mixed crop classes to improve our understanding of inter-class spectral mixing. Building on the Framework for Operational Radiometric Correction for Environmental monitoring (FORCE), we preprocessed S2 time series and derived spectral-temporal metrics from S2 spectral bands for the main temporal cropping windows. These STMs were used as input features in a hierarchical random forest classification. Our results provide the first wall-to-wall crop type map for this key agricultural region of Nigeria. Our cropland identification had an overall accuracy of 84%, while the crop type map achieved an average accuracy of 72% for the five relevant crop classes. Our crop type map shows distinctive regional variations in the distribution of crop types. Maize is the dominant crop, followed by mixed cropping systems, including maize–cereals and potato–maize cropping; potato was found to be the least prevalent class. Plot analyses based on a sample of 1166 fields revealed largely homogeneous mapping patterns, demonstrating the effectiveness of our classification system also for intercropped classes, which are temporally and spatially highly heterogeneous. Moreover, we found that small field sizes were dominant in all crop types, regardless of whether or not intercropping was used. Maize–legume and maize exhibited the largest plots, with an area of up to 3 ha and slightly more than 10 ha, respectively; potato was mainly cultivated on fields smaller than 0.5 ha and only a few plots were larger than 1 ha. Besides providing the first spatially explicit map of cropping practices in the core production area of the Jos Plateau, Nigeria, the study also offers guidance for the creation of crop type maps for smallholder-dominated systems with intercropping. Critical temporal windows for crop type differentiation will enable the creation of mapping approaches in support of future smart agricultural practices for aspects such as food security, early warning systems, policies, and extension services.

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Ajayi, Emmanuel, Iyabo Adeoye, and Olanrewaju Shittu. "Economic analysis of intercropping okra with legumes." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 62, no. 2 (2017): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1702193a.

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A field study was carried out in a vegetable research field of the National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria during the late raining season of 2015 to determine the appropriate okra/legume-based cropping system that will increase crop yield and farmer?s income. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three (3) replicates. The treatments comprised intercropping okra with groundnut or cowpea planted at varying spacings (60 cm x 30 cm, 60 cm x 40 cm, 60 cm x 50 cm and 60 cm x 60cm). Okra was planted at a spacing of 60 cm x 40 cm, the plot size was 3 m x 2.4 m (7.4 m2). Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using the least significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% probability level. Economic analysis of the cropping mixture was carried out using gross margin analysis, monetary advantage index and benefit to cost ratio analysis. Results revealed that the land equivalent ratio (LER) of 1.62 was recorded in okra/groundnut at 60 cm x 40 cm and LER of 1.74 was observed in okra/cowpea at 60 cm x 30 cm. Okra/cowpea intercropping system spaced at 60 cm x 30 cm was the most remunerative (N859,192/ha), followed by okra/cowpea spaced at 60 cm x 50 cm (N744,212/ha) while okra/cowpea spaced at 60 cm x 60 cm was the least remunerative. The highest gross margin of N2,188,961/ha was obtained in okra/groundnut spaced at 60 cm x 40 cm. The least return was obtained in okra/groundnut spaced at 60 cm x 60 cm (N700,103/ha). The economic analysis revealed that okra/cowpea spaced at 60 cm x 30 cm produced the highest gross margin of N859,192/ha and monetary advantage index of N450,447/ha while okra/groundnut spaced at 60 cm x 40 cm gave the highest gross margin of N2,188,961/ha and monetary advantage index of N924,642/ha.

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Ayodeji, Omolola Oladoyin, Jonathan Jeremiah Atungwu, James Olasupo Fadeyi, Dennis Ugochukwu Ifezue, Harvester Onyibor Okoye, and Adeola Moyosoluwa Akinwale. "Profitability of Dry Season Farming of Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorius) and Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) Inter and Sole Cropping Systems in Abeokuta, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 25, no. 3 (August 6, 2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v25i3.5.

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The study determined the profitability of three different cropping systems. Data collected include cost of fixed assets, cost of variable inputs, yields and prices of outputs. Data were subjected to budgetary technique; analysis of variance and significant means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5% level of probability. Results of the gross margin analysis showed that both the intercropping and only sole Amaranth vegetable production were profitable. The intercrop production had a gross margin of N567,920/ha with a total revenue of N1, 600,000 /ha and having the highest output of 8000kg/ha while the sole Amaranth vegetable production had a gross margin of N179, 920/ha with a total revenue of N1,200,000/ha and having an output of 6000kg/ha. Also, the intercrop vegetable production had a benefit cost ratio, rate of return and gross ratio of 1.51, 0.52 and 0.66, respectively while sole Amaranth production had a benefit cost ratio, rate of return and gross ratio of 1.15, 0.15 and 0.87, respectively. The result indicates that the two vegetable productions were profitable. Further analysis revealed that intercropping did not have significant (p<0.05) effect on the growth (plant height, number of leaves) of both vegetables. However, Jute yield was significantly (p<0.01) affected by Amaranth-Jute intercropping. Both the intercrop and sole Amaranth enterprises were profitable, but there was a significant difference in the profitability of the intercrop cropping system practised as the Amaranth/Jute intercrop was more profitable. The intercrop is, therefore, recommended to farmers since it is more profitable and provides a variety of income generation for the farmer’s thereby ensuring food and income security.

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Godwin, Adu Alhassan, and Onyilo Egbe Moses. "Bambara groundnut/maize intercropping: Effects of planting densities in Southern guinea savanna of Nigeria." African Journal of Agricultural Research 9, no. 4 (January 16, 2014): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2013.7955.

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KAMARA, ALPHA Y., ABDULLAHI I. TOFA, TEMITOPE ADEMULEGUN, REUBEN SOLOMON, HAULATU SHEHU, NKEKI KAMAI, and LUCKY OMOIGUI. "MAIZE–SOYBEAN INTERCROPPING FOR SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION OF CEREAL–LEGUME CROPPING SYSTEMS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA." Experimental Agriculture 55, no. 1 (November 20, 2017): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479717000564.

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SUMMARYField studies were conducted during the 2014 and 2015 wet seasons at Zaria in the northern Guinea savanna and at Iburu in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to determine the productivity of maize–soybean intercropping system. There were four treatment combinations in the experiment: sole maize; sole soybean; maize spaced at 50 cm and intercropped with soybean; and maize spaced at 65 cm and intercropped with soybean. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that sole cropped maize and soybean generally outperformed the intercropped component crops. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was greater than 1 for all the intercrop treatments, indicating that it is advantageous to grow maize and soybean in association than in pure stands. Except for 2014 in Zaria, LER for intercropped maize spaced at 50 cm was higher than that for maize spaced at 65 cm. Gross Monetary Value (GMV) was generally higher for intercrops than sole crops except in Iburu in 2015 where GMV for intercropped maize spaced at 65 cm was similar to those of sole maize and soybean. Monetary Advantage Index (MAI) was positive for all intercrop treatments in both locations and years, which shows definite yield and economic advantages compared to the sole cropping systems. This suggests that farmers can intercrop soybean and maize with maize spaced at 50 cm and 65 cm.

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Aiyelaagbe, I. O. O., and M. A. Jolaoso. "Growth and yield response of papaya to intercropping with vegetable crops in southwestern Nigeria." Agroforestry Systems 19, no. 1 (July 1992): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00130090.

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Iwuagwu, M. O., D. A. Okpara, and C. O. Muoneke. "Time of introducing component crop influences productivity of intercropping system." Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science 55, no. 2 (December 24, 2020): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjas.v55i2.2.

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Field experiment was conducted at National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Mbato Sub-station, Okigwe, Imo State, South-eastern Nigeria in the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons to establish the most appropriate time to introduce component crops in cocoyam/cowpea mixture. Five different planting schemes (two and four weeks before, two and four weeks after and same day) and two cowpea genotypes (climbing Akidienu and erect IT97K-499-35) were used. The component crops were grown in monocultures to assess the productivity of the systems. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with three replicates. Growth and yield of cocoyam and the cowpea genotypes increased significantly (P<0.05) when either of the component crops was planted earlier than the other. Intercropping reduced significantly (P<0.05) cocoyam yield by 0.7 − 74% in IT97K-499-35 and 22 − 80% in Akidienu. Sowing the cowpea genotypes the same day or before cocoyam resulted in over-yielding of cowpea, whereas sowing Akidienu and IT97K-499-35 after cocoyam caused pod yield reductions of 64% − 73% and 32% − 59% on average, respectively. Cocoyam planted two weeks before IT97K-499-35 produced more satisfactory yields of the intercrops than the other planting schedules with LER, LEC and ATER of 2.15, 1.03 and 1.57, respectively.

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Ijoyah, Michael Ojore, Felix Terna Fanen, and Moses Onyilo Egbe. "Egusi Melon-Okra Intercrop: Yield Effects as Influenced by the Interaction of Time of Introducing Okra x Cropping Systems at Makurdi, Nigeria." International Letters of Natural Sciences 38 (May 2015): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.38.27.

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A field experiment was conducted from August to November, during the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons at the Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria, to evaluate the yield effects of egusi melon-okra intercrop as influenced by the interaction of time of introducing okra x cropping systems, and to assess the yield advantages of the intercropping system. The experiment was a 3x3 split plot arrangement of treatments, fitted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), replicated four times. The cropping systems (sole egusi melon, sole okra and egusi melon-okra mixture) constituted the main plots, while the time of introducing okra (mid August, late August and early September) into egusi melon were allocated to the subplots. Results of study showed that to obtain optimal intercrop yield of okra in an egusi melon-okra intercrop, it is appropriate planting okra at the same time with egusi melon in mid August, while introducing okra into egusi melon in late August is appropriate to obtain optimal intercrop yield of egusi melon. Intercropping egusi melon and okra significantly (P≤0.05) reduced yields of egusi melon (37.5 % and 40.5 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013) and that of okra (9.7 % and 16.9 % respectively, in years 2012 and 2013). The highest mean land equivalent ratio value of 1.57 and highest land equivalent coefficient values of 0.53 and 0.70 were respectively recorded, in years 2012 and 2013, for okra introduced into egusi melon in early September. These recommendations are appropriate for Makurdi location, Nigeria

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Olubode, O. O., I. O. O. Aiyelaagbe, and J. G. Bodunde. "Growth, yield and productivity responses of okra-papaya mixture to intercropping in South West Nigeria." Journal of Applied Horticulture 11, no. 02 (December 15, 2009): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2009.v11i02.33.

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Onuk, E. G., A. A. Girei, S. B. Ohen, and M. H. Alaga. "Economic analysis of yam-cowpea intercropping system in Obi Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice 2, no. 5 (October 30, 2017): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasp2017.052.

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Adeola, A. O. "Field Experiment in Agri-Silviculture: Intercropping Gmelina Arborea and Maize in Onigambari Forest Reserve, Nigeria." East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 51, no. 3-4 (January 1986): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128325.1986.11663482.

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Ibrahim, HA, L. Singh, and GA Babaji. "Evaluating Yield Performance of Cowpea Varieties under Sole And Intercropping with Sorghum at Bauchi, Nigeria." Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management 7, no. 1 (December 3, 2014): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejesm.v7i1.2s.

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Mary Ojotule Agada, Victor Akwu Otene, and Sunday Ogwuche Adikwu. "Assessment of maize farmers’ awareness and effectiveness of indigenous production and preservation practices in Ugbokolo, Benue State, Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.2.0438.

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This study assessed maize farmers’ awareness and effectiveness of indigenous production and preservation in Ugbokolo, Benue State, Nigeria. A sample of 148 maize farmers were selected. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Research findings revealed that most farmers were aware of intercropping (92.7%) and proper drying before storage (95.3%). The most effective indigenous production practice was early planting ( = 2.64), while the most effective preservation practice was proper drying before storage ( = 2.64). The main source of indigenous knowledge was from parents (89.3%). Based on these findings, it was recommended that other production and preservation practices be introduced to the farmers to broaden their knowledge, and technology for drying of maize be provided to the farmers

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ELLIS-JONES, J., S. SCHULZ, B. DOUTHWAITE, M. A. HUSSAINI, B. D. OYEWOLE, A. S. OLANREWAJU, and R. WHITE. "AN ASSESSMENT OF INTEGRATED STRIGA HERMONTHICA CONTROL AND EARLY ADOPTION BY FARMERS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA." Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 3 (June 24, 2004): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479704001802.

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Two sets of on-farm trials, each covering two years, were conducted in the northern Guinea savannah of Nigeria over the period 1999–2001, the objective being to compare integrated Striga hermonthica control measures (soybean or cowpea trap crops followed by maize resistant to Striga) with farmers' traditional cereal-based cropping systems. In both sets of trials, this proved to be highly effective in increasing productivity over the two year period, especially where soybean was used as a trap crop. Resistant maize after a trap crop increased the net benefit over the two cropping seasons in both trials by over 100% over farmer practice. However, in the second set of trials there was no significant increase in productivity between a trap crop followed by Striga resistant maize, and a trap crop followed by local maize especially where legume intercropping and fertilizer had been applied in the farmer practice. There was also no increase in productivity between two years' traditional cereal cropping and one year's local maize followed by Striga resistant maize. This indicates the importance of a legume trap crop in the first year in order to ensure high productivity in the second year, regardless of variety. Up to 20% of farmers obtained higher productivity from their own practices, notably intercropping of cereals with legumes and use of inorganic fertilizers. Leguminous trap crops and Striga resistant maize, together with two key management practices (increased soybean planting density and hand-roguing) were seen to be spreading both within and beyond the research villages, indicating that farmers see the economic benefits of controlling Striga. Survey findings show that explaining the reasons why control practices work can greatly increase the adoption of these practices. Wider adoption of Striga control will therefore require an extension approach that provides this training as well as encouraging farmers to experiment and adapt Striga control options for their local farming systems.

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Nweke, I. A. "In support of a well-planned intercropping systems in south eastern soils of Nigeria: A review." African Journal of Agricultural Research 13, no. 26 (June 28, 2018): 1320–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2017.12743.

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Bello, TT, SG Mohammed, AY Kamara, AG Gashua, IA Kurawa, and UA Adamu. "Effect of imazapyr treated maize on Striga infestation and time of intercropping cowpea in Samaru, Nigeria." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 8, no. 1 (November 6, 2015): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v8i1.15.

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Adeniyi, O. R. "An economic evaluation of intercropping with tomato and okra in a rain forest zone of Nigeria." Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 76, no. 3 (January 2001): 347–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2001.11511375.

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34

Kolawole, G., A. Babalola, E. Akinola, T. Fadahunsi, and A. Ajibola. "Evaluation of Temporal Variations for Intercropping Maize and Sesame in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria." American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 9, no. 5 (January 10, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajea/2015/20453.

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35

Amosun, Josephine Olutayo, and Vincent Oluwatomisin Aduramigba-Modupe. "Influence of Groundnut Populations on Weed Suppression in Cassava-Groundnut Systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 5 (April 13, 2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n5p72.

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Cassava was grown in sole cropping and intercropping with groundnut to determine the performance of associated crops and weed control at three different groundnut populations in southern Guinea ecology of Nigeria. The experiment consisted of three planting arrangements: 1 row of cassava:3 rows of groundnut, 1 row of cassava:2 rows of groundnut, and 1 row of cassava:1 row of groundnut, sole groundnut at the three planting populations and sole cassava. The groundnut treatments suppressed weeds considerably when compared to sole cassava. This resulted from the vegetative production of groundnut which increased up to 8 weeks after planting (WAP) in 2001 and 12 WAP in 2002. More vegetative growth in 2002 led to lower groundnut yield. Intercropping significantly (p < 0.05) reduced leaf area of cassava, groundnut and cassava yields. Cassava/groundnut system reduced cassava yields by 26 to 74% in 2001 and by 15 to 19% in 2002. The LER values were greater than 1.0 but cassava intercropped with groundnut population of 40,000 plants/ha has a value of 1.89, which was highest. This offers a good weed control as well as the best crop yield advantage. Therefore, groundnut population of 40,000 plants/ha was most ideal population for cassava/groundnut intercrop.

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36

OLASANTAN, F. O. "Nitrogen fertilization of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in an intercropping system with cassava (Manihot esculenta) and maize (Zea mays) in south-western Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Science 133, no. 3 (November 1999): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699007054.

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Nitrogen fertilization of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) when intercropped with cassava (Manihot esculenta) and maize (Zea mays) was studied using three N rates (0, 60 and 120 kg/ha) in two field experiments in Nigeria between 1995 and 1997. The okra was grown between the cassava and maize rows. The effect of using two contrasting maize cvs. TZE Composite 3 Cl (less-tall, early-maturing with narrow leaves) and DMRSR-Y (tall, late-maturing with broad leaves) on N response of okra in the mixture was also investigated. Intercropping with maize or cassava and maize significantly increased stem elongation, delayed pod harvest, and decreased branch or pod formation and marketable pod yield in okra. In the cassava/maize/okra combination, maize had greater effect than cassava in determining most growth and pod yield attributes of the okra crop, regardless of N rate. However, the effect was relatively less severe in mixtures with early-maize cv. TZE Composite 3 Cl than with late-maize cv. DMRSR-Y. Although applied N at rates above 60 kg/ha in intercropping increased maize grain and cassava tuber yields, this did not result in a further significant gain in pod yield of the associated okra crop. The present recommendation of 60 kg/ha for N fertilization of cassava/maize intercrop was found to be applicable to okra grown between the cassava/maize rows using the less-tall, early-maize cultivar with relatively narrow leaves, and possibly reduced leaf area.

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Ibrahim, P., A. Gana, and L. Busari. "Assessment of the contribution of legumes to the nitrogen nutrition of sugarcane." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 48, no. 1 (May 1, 2000): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.48.2000.1.11.

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Field trials were conducted to assess the contribution of legumes to the nitrogen nutrition of sugarcane at the up-land sugarcane experimental field of the National Cereals Research Institute Farm, Badeggi (9°45'N, 06°07'E) in the Southern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria in the 1997 and 1998 wet seasons. The four treatments tested consisted of sole-planted chewing cane, and chewing cane intercropped with soybean (TGM 579), Sesbania rostrata and cowpea (Ife brown). The treatments were laid out in a randomised complete block design with three replications. The legumes were ploughed into the soil at 12 weeks after sowing (WAS). At 2 months after sowing, cane intercropped with cowpea generally recorded lower values for cane height, tiller number and crop vigour, while the sole-planted cane crop gave the highest values for each of these parameters in both years. However, at 4 and 10 months after planting and at harvest (1, 6 and 9 months after the legume incorporation) sole-planted cane recorded significantly lower cane height, single stalk weight and crop vigour in 1997 and 1998. Among the intercropping treatments, cowpea and sesbania had almost similar effects on the cane in terms of crop vigour, cane height, single stalk weight and cane yield (t/ha), being better than the sole-planted cane and intercropping with soybean.

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38

E. Nwilene, F., A. Onasanya, A. Togola, O. Oyetunji, M. Semon, M. Tamo, E. O. Bright, and S. Ofodile. "Effect of Intercropping Maize and Cassava with Upland NERICA Rice Varieties on Stemborer Attack in Southwest Nigeria." Journal of Entomology 8, no. 5 (August 15, 2011): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/je.2011.417.428.

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39

Alghali, Aliyageen M. "Intercropping as a component in insect pest management for grain cowpea, Vigna unguiculata Walp production in Nigeria." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 14, no. 01 (February 1993): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400013382.

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40

Salako, F. K., R. Lal, and M. J. Swift. "Intercropping Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) with Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) on Windrows and Non-Windrows in Southern Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 6, no. 1 (July 5, 1995): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j064v06n01_05.

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41

Ibeawuchi, I. I. "Soil-Chemical Properties as Affected by Yam/Cassava/Landrace Legumes Intercropping Systems in Owerri Ultisols Southeastern Nigeria." International Journal of Soil Science 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2006): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijss.2007.62.68.

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42

Okonji, C., and O. Emmanuel. "Upland rice based intercropping system among farmers in selected villages in Ogun State in South West of Nigeria." Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 3, no. 5 (May 2012): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2012.3.5.225.232.

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43

Onuk, E. G., A. A. Girei, and S. I. Audu. "PRODUCTION FUNCTION ANALYSIS AND PROFITABILITY OF SORGHUM-GROUNDNUT INTERCROPPING IN DOMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 102, no. 6 (June 28, 2020): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2020-06.20.

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44

Onyenso, A. I., K. A. Nwobodo, A. M. Yakubu, and L. N. Onyenweaku. "Effect of alley plants species and plantain cultivars on yield of 60-day cowpea grain in Umudike Southern Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 16, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v16i2.4.

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Alley cropping or hedgerow intercropping is one of the many sub-systems of agroforestry technology. A 5 x 3 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used to determine the effect of four alley woody species and three plantain cultivars on the yield of 60-day cowpea grain in the 2017 and 2018 farming seasons. The Alley species, plantain cultivars and Alley species x plantain cultivars treatment interactions showed no significant effects (p<0.05) on cowpea grain yield. Students t-test on the two farming seasons showed significant increase in yield of cowpea grain in 2018 than in 2017. Alley cropping technology could increase 60-day cowpea grain yield due to improved soil fertility in the system. Keywords: alley cropping, yield, 60-day cowpea, alley woody species, plantain cultivars

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45

Ajayi, Emmanuel, Christopher Okonji, Olamide Ayanlola, Temidayo Olofintoye, and Deborah Oyelowo. "Improving the growth and yield of okra by intercropping with varying populations of legumes." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 65, no. 3 (2020): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2003213a.

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An experiment was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm of the National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, in the rain-forest agro-ecological zone in 2016 and 2017 to determine suitable cropping systems to increase the yield of okra. The seed of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), cv. LD-88, was planted at a spacing of 60 ? 40 cm as an intercrop and monocrop to produce an average density of 4.2 plants?m-2; the intercrops cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), var. Ife brown, and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), var. Kampala, were planted to provide average densities of 5.6 plants?m-2, 4.2 plants?m-2, 3.3 plants?m-2 and 2.7 plants?m-2. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter and fruit yield of okra. Year affected plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem diameter and fruit yield of okra intercropped with legumes at different densities. Legume densities affected plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area and fruit yield. The interaction of year ? legume densities affected plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area and fruit yield of okra. Intercropping okra with peanut at the density of 2.7 plants?m-2 enhanced its growth and yield and appeared to be the best configuration for these crops.

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Mary Ojotule Agada, Victor Akwu Otene, and Sunday Ogwuche Adikwu. "Usage of indigenous production and preservation practices by maize farmers in Ugbokolo, Benue State, Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 052–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0457.

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This study assessed the usage of indigenous knowledge in the production and preservation of maize by farmers in Ugbokolo, Benue State, Nigeria. Maize farmers formed the population of the study, of which a sample of 148 respondents were selected. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that 61.3% of the respondents were male, the mean age was 51.02 years, 47.3% possessed primary education, the mean household size was 7 persons, mean farm size was 2.79 Ha, and the mean output was 7.241 bags (100kg bags). The most used indigenous production practices were early planting of maize (87.9%) and intercropping of maize (83.1%), while the most used preservation practices were sun-drying of maize cobs (79.9%) and storage of maize in sacks (69.6%). The major reasons for using indigenous knowledge were accessibility (71.3%), sustainability (66.7%) and affordability (64.0%). The major constraints to use of indigenous production and preservation practices in maize was lack of documentation of IK in maize (x ̅ = 1.93). Based on these findings, it was recommended that improved storage be introduced to the farmers, while IK is documented for the use of future generations.

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Egbetokun, O. A., S. Ajijola, O. A. Awolola, and D. O. Awoyemi. "Economic Evaluation of Maize Intercropped with Some Major Food Crops in Southwestern Nigeria." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2018-0033.

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Abstract In Nigeria, the traditional farmer finds it more satisfactory to plant a diversity of crops than planting sole. It is cheaper for farmers to grow many crops of their own requirements than to buy them. Hence, intercrop has remained the traditional farming practice in many other developing nations. Maize is a major cereal crop grown by all farming households all over Nigeria in combination with other crops. There are many studies on intercropping of maize with other food crops in Nigeria; however, many of these studies do not bother to look into the economics of intercrop. Therefore, this study examines the economic profitability of maize intercropped with major food crops in Southwestern Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed in the study. A total of 138 questionnaire were used for analysis. Information was collected on socio-economic characteristics of the farming households, cropping systems, cost of labour input, cost of seeds, fertilizer and chemicals; yield and price of output. Data analysis involved the use of descriptive analysis, which includes frequency distribution, mean and percentages. Also, benefit-cost ratio and net farm income analyses were employed. The results showed that the average farm size was 1.5 ha, 75% of the farmers intercropped maize with other crops and six varieties of maize were planted in the study area. Among all the crop combinations, sole maize has the least cost, while maize intercropped with cassava and yam has the highest cost. Benefit-cost analysis showed that for every N 1 spent in maize intercropped with cassava and yam, N 1.26 would be realized as profit. It is therefore, recommended that for optimal use of resources and crop combinations, both public and private extension workers should advice farmers on this finding and the most profitable crop combinations.

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OGUNKUNLE, Clement O., and Olusegun O. AWOTOYE. "Soil Fertility Status under Different Tree Cropping System in a Southwestern Zone of Nigeria." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 3, no. 2 (May 16, 2011): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb326050.

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Tree cropping has been known to bring about changes in edaphic component among other components of the ecosystem through their interactions with the soil and soil faunas. Premised on this, this study assessed the effects of sole cropping of teak and intercropping of cocoa and kola on the soil fertility status. The study was carried out using stratified-randomed sampling technique for the study plots in all the sampling sites. Three sampling sites consisting of four (4)-4oo m2 sampling plots each were established in which vegetation and some soil parameters were assessed. Results analysis showed that the synergistic interaction of leaves decomposition of cocoa and kola improved the organic matter content of the soil under the cocoa/kola site. Considerable improvement in soil fertility was enjoyed in the cocoa/kola site due to the large girth sizes and basal area of trees present in the cocoa/kola site while soil under the sole cropping of teak was impoverished. The degradation effects was due to the high rate of nutrient uptake of the teak, organic matter content was high in the forest site (9.12%) and cocoa/kola site (7.34) while the least was in the teak site (3.04%). A very strong correlation existed between organic matter content and some vegetation parameters.

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Idoko, J., B. Akaazua, and J. Oga. "Evaluation of Five Improved Maize Varieties for Intercropping with Sweet Potato in Makurdi, Southern Guinea Savanna Ecology of Nigeria." Asian Research Journal of Agriculture 8, no. 3 (April 13, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arja/2018/40425.

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B, J. Amujoyegbe, O. Torimiro D, Tselaesele N, and V. Balole T. "On-farm evaluation of the productivity of intercropping sunflower with arable crops among smallholder farms in Nigeria and Botswana." African Journal of Agricultural Research 8, no. 16 (May 2, 2013): 1553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar12.2000.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Intercropping – Nigeria'

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