Relevant bibliographies by topics / Interet compose

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Interet compose'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Interet compose"

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Taylor, Onate, P. S. Ezekiel, and V. T. Emmah. "Smart Vehicle Parking System Using Computer Vision and Internet of Things (IoT)." European Journal of Information Technologies and Computer Science 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/compute.2021.1.2.12.

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Internet of Things is the interconnectivity between things, individuals and cloud administrations by means of web, which empowers new plans of action. Because of these exchanges, immense volumes of information are smartly created and is shipped off cloud-based server through web; the information is being handled and broken down, bringing about significant and convenient activities for observing the car parking. The serious issue that is arising currently at a worldwide scale and developing dramatically is the gridlock issue brought about by vehicles. A worldwide scale and developing dramatically is the gridlock issue brought about by vehicles. Among that, finding a better parking sparking space in urban areas has become a major problem with an increase of the numbers of vehicles on a daily bases. Therefore making it difficult in having a better and safe parking spot. The system proposes an intelligent smart parking system using computer vision and internet of things. The proposed system starts by acquiring a dataset. The dataset is made up images of various vehicles, which was collected from the faculty of science car park at the Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria. We proposed two methods for vehicle/parking slot detection. The first method is the use of convolution neural network algorithm which is used with a haar cascade classifier in detection of multiple vehicles in a single picture and video, and put rectangular boxes on identified vehicles. This first method obtained an accuracy of 99.80%. In the second method, we made use of a Mask R-CNN, here we download a pre-trained model weights which was trained on a coco dataset to identify various objects in videos and pictures. The Mask R-CNN model was used to identify various vehicles by putting a bounding box on each of the vehicle detected, but one of the problem of the Mask R-CNN is that it quite slow in training, and it could not really detect all vehicles tested on a high quality high definition video. In summary our, trained model was able to detect vehicles and parking slot on high quality video and it consumes lesser graphic card.
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Vamsi Krishna, S., N. M. Ramalingeswara Rao, K. V. Lalitha, and B. Naveen Kumar. "Intelligent Home Automation Using Smart Device to Connect or Disconnect Using Internet of Things." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8472.

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Smart home is an exceptionally encouraging region, which has different types of advantages, for example, giving expanded solace, more noteworthy wellbeing and security, a more judicious utilization of vitality and different assets along these lines adding to a critical investment funds. This examination application area is imperative and will increment in future as it likewise offers capable means for aiding and supporting uncommon needs of the elderly and individuals with inabilities. This paper shows the improvement of a firmware for a Smart Switch, which can control the on–off of any electrical gadget at home by utilizing web. The Smart Switch is associated with web by means of Wi-Fi, through a PC, advanced cell, tablet or any gadget with web get to. Keeping in mind the end goal to play out this association it is important to compose the IP pre-customized into the Smart Switch in a web program with the reason to stack the Smart Switch Server, which will open in design page to compose the information of the client’s system. At that point, the client will choose in programmed mode the system, the security composes, and the client probably composed a passphrase. Once these data is transferred and spared, it is important to restart the Smart Switch keeping in mind the end goal to access web, from which the client can control the Smart Switch just sending a main or a number zero to switch the electrical gadget, this procedure is done on a basic level through the web, yet it should be possible without the utilization of web, i.e., by utilizing a neighborhood arrange.
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CHRISTOPHE, BENOIT. "MANAGING MASSIVE DATA OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS THROUGH COOPERATIVE SEMANTIC NODES." International Journal of Semantic Computing 06, no. 04 (December 2012): 389–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x12400120.

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The Internet of Things refers to extending the Internet to physical entities of interest (EoI) to humans (e.g., a table, a room or another human being) sensed as a set of properties that can be observed, measured, accessed or triggered by devices such as actuators, sensors or other smart components. In this vision, the IoT foresees novel types of applications dynamically finding the associations between devices and EoIs around a common feature of interest (e.g., temperature of a room) to provide meaningful information as well as rich services to users about the things they are interested in. Growing interest in providing sensors and actuators has led to billions of services or data offered through different platforms, some of them wrapped with semantic descriptions to realize aforementioned associations through accurate search processes. However, due to the ubiquitous aspect of the IoT and the potential mobility of the devices that enable it, a centralized approach does not allow designing scalable processes to efficiently search and manage these associations or the devices and EoIs that compose them. As location seems to be an important parameter when searching the IoT, we believe that designing a framework composed of geographically distributed nodes with local reasoning capabilities is a much more scalable approach to realize the IoT vision. We describe our approach of such a vision by creating a federated network composed of such nodes that declare their location based on a formal model. In this vision, each node is capable of processing semantic descriptions of devices or EoIs to share deduced associations with other peers that are selected based on their location nearness.
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Loock, Christian. "Littérature de jeunesse et internet : quand l’une doit composer avec l’autre." Spirale. Revue de recherches en éducation 28, no. 1 (2001): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/spira.2001.1453.

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Freeman, Robin. "GIDEON KLEIN, MORAVIAN COMPOSER." Tempo 59, no. 234 (September 21, 2005): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298205000276.

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Editor's note: Robin Freeman, who was a frequent contributor to Tempo in the 1990s, both in his own name and under his favoured alias of ‘Tristram Pugin’ (signifying Shandeian Gothick, perhaps), died of leukemia after long illness in November 2004. About a year before he had e-mailed the present essay to the Editor of Tempo, apparently more for interest than as a formal submission. Despite the characteristic difficulties of the text, some of which have been modified in the editing process, and its equally characteristic heedlessness of reputations (few other writers would have had the chutzpah to dismiss Charles Rosen's The Classical Style as ‘underinformed and overambitious’!), it has seemed well worth publishing here.
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Farmer, Jim. "97.12 Using Taylor's formula to compare compound and simple interest." Mathematical Gazette 97, no. 538 (March 2013): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025557200005593.

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Teunissen, P. J. G. "Integer least-squares theory for the GNSS compass." Journal of Geodesy 84, no. 7 (April 2, 2010): 433–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-010-0380-8.

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Racewicz, Szymon, Filip Kutt, Michał Michna, and Łukasz Sienkiewicz. "Comparative Study of Integer and Non-Integer Order Models of Synchronous Generator." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 4416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174416.

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This article presents a comparison between integer and non-integer order modelling of a synchronous generator, in the frequency domain as well as in the time domain. The classical integer order model was compared to one containing half-order systems. The half-order systems are represented in a Park d-q axis equivalent circuit as impedances modelled by half-order transmittances. Using a direct method based on the approximation of the half-order derivatives by the Grünwald–Letnikov definition, a state-space equation system was solved. For both models, a computational program written in Matlab® software was used. For the purpose of time domain simulation, the machine models were connected to an electric load composed of an RL circuit. To validate and compare both models, simulation results of a three-phase short-circuit and a no-load voltage recovery were compared with corresponding measurements performed on a solid salient-pole synchronous generator of 125 kVA.
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Bardakcı, Ahmet, Andım Oben Balce, Murat Kantar, Çetin Kalburan, and Selçuk Burak Haşıloğlu. "Entropy Measure to Compare the Internet and Face to Face Surveys." Journal of Internet Applications and Management 8, no. 2 (2017): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/iuyd.2017.53825.

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GROOS, ARTHUR. "Becoming a Composer: Walther's Songs in Die Meistersinger." Cambridge Opera Journal 25, no. 3 (November 2013): 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586713000128.

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AbstractWalther von Stolzing's songs in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg have not attracted much critical interest, in part because of their deceptive appearance as straightforward diegetic music or stage songs. But in addition to comprising an extended ‘musical joke’ illustrating the hero's desire-driven progress towards musical competence, these songs also pursue a historicising agenda, replacing the Meistersingers' pre-modern rule-driven poetics of imitation with a modern aesthetics of inspiration.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interet compose"

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Rey, Nadège. "Synthèse de silices hybrides méso-structurées par auto-assemblage : vers des applications en catalyse." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2019. https://theses.enscm.fr/interne/ENSCM_2019_REY.pdf.

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Les matériaux hybrides à base de silice ont été explorés pour de nombreuses applications allant des micro-lentilles dans le domaine de l’optique à l’encapsulation de médicaments dans celui de la santé. En ce qui concerne le domaine de la catalyse, l’incorporation de cations métalliques dans des réseaux de silice organisés est essentielle pour la conception de catalyseurs supportés. Les matrices siliciques présentent des propriétés mécaniques, une stabilité thermique et une porosité ajustables. Dans la littérature, ces matrices prennent la forme de bâtonnets, d’étoiles, d’haltères, de feuillets ou de réseaux polymériques et sont catégorisées en architectures 2D ou 3D. En ce qui concerne la formation de ces architectures 2D et 3D, différentes familles ont été étudiées comme les silsesquioxanes pontants, les silsesquioxanes polyédriques (POSS) et les silices lamellaires.La silice lamellaire est utilisée aussi bien comme gabarit qu’en tant de composant à part entière pour créer des matériaux fonctionnels. Les feuillets cristallins de silice sont facilement modifiés par l’intercalation de molécules ou d’ions dans l’espace inter-lamellaire. Des greffages covalents d’organosilanes peuvent aussi être faits par silylation des groupements Si-O-/Si-OH présents à la surface des feuillets. Les silsesquioxanes polyédriques sont des composés de type cage et de formule (RSiO3/2)n, R étant un groupement organique. Les cages T8 sont le plus communs et lorsqu’elles sont octa-substitués, peuvent être utilisées comme nœuds pour l’auto-assemblage de POSS polymériques connectés les uns aux autres. Lorsqu’ils sont mono-substitués, deux scénarios sont possibles. Soit le groupe fonctionnel substitué est fonctionnalisé, soit la cage est connectée à un autre POSS et on forme ainsi des objets de type haltère.Dans ce travail, le but est de synthétiser de nouveaux matériaux hybrides fonctionnels qui auront une architecture 2D ou 3D originale.Les architectures 2D structurées auto-assemblées sont fabriquées à partir de silices lamellaires et de liens moléculaires organosilylés via des réactions d’hydrolyse–condensation et seront par la suite utilisés pour des réactions de complexation et de catalyse. Dans cette optique, il est nécessaire de synthétiser de nouveaux liens moléculaires fonctionnels. Inspirées des composés di-urées, les urées-thiourées sont des molécules flexibles qui combinent quatre fonctionnalités clés : (1) la fonction silane sert de point de fixation sur la silice lamellaire, (2) la fonction urée promeut la structuration lors de l’auto-assemblage des feuillets grâce aux liaisons H, (3) la fonction thiourée devrait servir principalement à la coordination des cations métalliques et (4) dans le cas des précurseurs monosilylés les groupements terminaux aryles (interactions de systèmes -conjugués) ou les groupements terminaux alkyles (interactions de type Van der Waals) participeront à l’auto-organisation des piliers et à l’ajustement de l’espace inter-feuillets.Les architectures 3D auto-assemblées sont synthétisées à partir de POSS et de liens moléculaires organiques bi-silylés. Ici, la version bi-silylée des dérivés urées-thiourées sera utilisée ainsi que des composés bi-silylés de type malonamide. Les différents malonamides développés permettront de jouer sur la flexibilité de la structure et sur l’accessibilité aux métaux pour la complexation. Dans une première étape, l’investigation s’est portée sur la faisabilité d’un système modèle de type haltère via différentes voies de synthèse. Cette étape est nécessaire pour mieux comprendre les arrangements possibles des différentes composantes dans les matériaux finis. Ces matériaux seront synthétisés par fonctionnalisation de POSS possédant des fonctions hydrures, Si-H, par les liens moléculaires présentés précédemment
Hybrid Silica-based materials have been investigated for many applications, ranging from micro-lenses for optics to drug encapsulation for health. In particular, the incorporation of metal cations in organized silica-based network is essential to the design of supported catalysts. Si-based matrices exhibit tunable mechanical properties, thermal stability and porosity. These matrices can be prepared with different shapes that play a role in their applications. Rods, stars, dumbbell, layer or polymeric network, that can be categorized in 2D or 3D architectures, are among the shapes encountered in the literature. For the construction of 2D and 3D architectures, several families are studied, such as bridged silsesquioxanes, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and lamellar silica.Lamellar silica is used as scaffolds or 2D building blocks to create functional materials. Crystalline layered silicates are easily modified by the intercalation of guest molecules and ions in the interlayer. Covalent modification is achieved by silylation of the interlayer Si–O- / Si–OH groups with organosilanes. Moreover POSS consists of a cage-like structure and formula (RSiO3/2)n, R being an organic group. T8 structure is the most common one which when it is octa-substituted can be used as a node in a polymer-like self-assembly by connection to other POSS. In the case of a mono-substituted cage, two scenarios are available: functionalization of the substituted corner or synthesis of dumbbell-like object formed by grafting of another POSS.In this work, the aim is to provide new functional hybrid materials involving original 2D and 3D architectures.2D self-structure assemblies, made of lamellar silica and silylated organic linkers, will be used for complexation reactions and catalysis For this purpose, there is a need for new functional linkers. Here, we present the original synthesis of linkers for the assembly of the 2D structures. Inspired by previously reported bis-urea compounds, we designed and prepared bi-functional urea-thiourea monosilylated linkers. The originality of these flexible molecules comes from the combination of four key sites allowing interactions or complexation: (i) the silyl moiety will serve as a single grafting anchor to the lamellar silica, (ii) the urea moiety will promote order in the self-assembled layer via H-bonding, (iii) the thiourea moiety will mainly serve for the coordination of metallic cations and (iv) in the case of the monosilylated precursors, the terminal functional R group will offer the possibility of self-organization of the pillars within the layer. Hence long alkyl chains are likely to interact through Van der Waals interactions and to tune the interlayer distance and thus the size of the cations possibly hosted within the layers while aryl R groups will enable the self-assembly thanks to the-conjugated system.3D self-structure assemblies will be synthesized from POSS and bis-silylated organic linkers. We used a bis-silylated version of the urea-thiourea compound as well as various bis-silylated malonamide compounds. The panel of malonamide compounds will allow to tune the flexibility of the final structure offering more or less accessibility for the metal complexation in the system. Prior to the materials synthesis, we investigated the feasibility of various dumbbell systems as models for the future studies and for a better understanding of the possible arrangement of these units within the final corresponding materials. We also demonstrate the formation of polymeric-like self-assembled hybrid silica by using Si-H functionalized POSS/POS connected with the same bridging units
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Antony, Hervé. "Etude éléctrochimique des composés du fer : Apport à la compréhension des processus environnementaux." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2006/Interne/2006EVRY0001.pdf.

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Ce travail est consacré à l'étude électrochimique des composés du fer et vise à apporter une meilleure description de ceux-ci et de leurs mécanismes de transformation rédox. Des synthèses, nouvelles ou transposées, de films minces ou de poudres, sont présentées. La composition des rouilles vertes, les conditions de formation, la nature et la stabilité de leurs précurseurs Fe(II) solubles ont été étudiées, ainsi que leurs transformations oxydante ou réductrice, lesquelles mettent en jeu des mécanismes à l'état solide de déprotonation/protonation ou via la solution. L'étude électrochimique de composés ferriques a permis d'établir un classement de "réactivité vis-à-vis de la réduction". Une étude plus détaillée de la lépidocrocite a permis d'en établir le mécanisme de réduction. Une application à l'étude de couches de corrosion atmosphérique a démontré une corrélation de cette réactivité avec l'age
This work, devoted to the electrochemical study of iron compounds, aims at better describing their features and redox transformation mechanisms. New or transposed synthesis methods of thin films or powders are exposed. The composition of green rusts, their formation conditions and the nature and stability of their soluble Fe(II) precursors were studied, as well as their oxidation and reduction, which involve two pathways, either solid-state transformation associated to protonation/deprotonation or reaction via solution. The electrochemical study of solid ferric compounds allowed us to position them on a “reactivity in reduction” scale. A more detailed study of lepidocrocite was performed to establish its reduction mechanism. Results were used in a study of atmospheric corrosion layers and a reactivity / age correlation could be demonstrated
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BARBOSA, MONTEIRO JULIETA. "Utilisation d'esterases et de lipases dans l'obtention de composes presentant un interet en chimie fine." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066028.

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Dans ce travail, des enzymes hydrolytiques comme des esterases et des lipases ont ete utilisees aussi bien pour faire des reactions d'hydrolyse enantioselectives de composes pro-chiraux que pour faire des reactions d'esterification regioselectives du glycerol, en milieu organique. L'hemihydrolyse des diesters, hydroxy-3-glutarate de diethyle et hydroxy-3-glutarate d'ethyle et t-butyle, par une enzyme industrielle, l'esterase 30. 000, en systeme biphasique, conduit a la synthese enantioselective des respectfs acides, le (s)(+)-hydroxy-3-glutarate d'ethyle et le (r)()-hydroxy-3-glutarate de t-butyle, en grande quantite et avec un bon rendement. Dans les memes conditions, l'hydrolyse selective du methyl-2-cyclopropane dicarboxylate de diethyle, catalysee par deux enzymes, esterase 30. 000 et ple, donne les acides monocarboxyliques optiquement actifs, (1r, 2s)(+) et (1s, 2r)() avec un bon rendement. Ces isomeres sont de precurseurs chiraux des acides amines (1s, 2s)(+) and (1r, 2r)()-1-amino-2-methylcyclopropanecarboxylique, me-acc (norcoronamic acid), respectivement. Ces amino acides presentent activite biologique et sont introduits dans des sequences peptidiques afin d'imposer des contraintes conformationnelles. Une methode enzymatique d'obtention du 1(3) monolaurate-rac-glycerol, un importante agent emulsionnant d'interet alimentaire, en utilisant une lipase regioselective commerciale immobilisee, lipozyme im, a ete aussi proposee dans ce travail. En vue de resoudre le probleme de solubilite du glycerol dans le milieux hydrophobe, un melange de n-hexane / t-butanol (1:1, vol/vol) a ete utilise. Les deux substrats, glycerol et acide laurique sont soluble dans ce milieux, en conduisant a un systeme monophasique. Ce systeme reactionnel permet de travailler en continu. De facon a mener l'esterification du glycerol de maniere selective, un rapport eleve de glycerol sur l'acide gras a ete utilise.
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Dorwart, Jennifer. "Strategies for Real Estate Professionals to Compete With Internet Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2810.

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There has been slow growth among traditional residential real estate organization managers to communicate among the real estate industry successful e-commerce strategies. Grounded in diffusion of innovation theory, the purpose of this descriptive case study was to explore strategies traditional residential real estate managers use to compete with e-commerce real estate managers. The study population comprised traditional real estate office managers in western Nebraska who had at least 5 years' experience in developing successful e-commerce strategies and had sold a home in the past 5 years. I conducted a thematic analysis on the data collected via semistructured interviews and company documents. Four themes emerged from the analysis, including establishing and maintaining multiple e-commerce websites, regularly monitoring websites, establishing a visible presence on multiple e-commerce websites, and preparation to evolve as technology evolves. The study's implications for positive social change include the potential for traditional residential real estate organization managers' to develop and use new and useful strategies for overcoming barriers and effectively competing with e-commerce real estate organizations to remain competitive in the local economy through job creation, innovation, and competitiveness to sustain their businesses.
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CANEL-STERENZY, SYLVIE. "Isolement et identification de mycobacteries dans des composts d'ordures menageres et de boues de stations d'epuration : interet pour le suivi sanitaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX22975.

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Aubert, Thierry. "Réactivité d'iminophosphoranes vis-à-vis de composés dicarbonylés : interet pour la synthèse de divers hétérocycles azotés." Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOS014.

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Les agents dicarbonylés envisagés sont le phtalaldéhyde et divers dichlorures d'acyle; des voies de synthèse d'isoquinoléines acylées en 3 et d'azépinones sont ainsi proposées. De plus, l'accès rapide à des systèmes azépiniques permet la préparation de nouveaux isostères bis-hétérocycliques de la dibenzo (b, f) azépine: dithiéno- ou dipyrazolo (b,f) azépines
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Ahronian, Céline Béjoint Henri. "Les noms composés anglais, français et espagnols du domaine d'Internet traduction des composés anglais en français et en espagnol /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/ahronian_c.

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Mayoh, Lyndel Elizabeth. "Synchronous Internet Therapy for Panic Disorder: How Does it Compare to Face-to-face?" University of Sydney. Science. School of Psychology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1603.

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Master of Science
The current study aimed to test the efficacy of individual, synchronous Internet Therapy for panic disorder compared to traditional face-to-face therapy. Thirty participants diagnosed with panic disorder were randomly allocated to either Internet Therapy or face-to-face therapy, and received a manualised cognitive-behavioural treatment program. When analysed separately, results indicated that face-to-face treatment significantly reduced panic symptomatology overall, however significant gains were not shown for the Internet Therapy condition. However, a direct comparison of the two active treatments failed to show significant differences, as measured by a Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) on pre- and post-treatment variables. Internet Therapy did, however, significantly reduce certain symptoms of panic disorder, indicating that Internet Therapy may be useful as an adjunctive treatment to face-to-face therapy. Intention-to-treat analyses suggested that face-to-face treatment may be more effective than Internet Therapy for treating panic disorder. Additionally, there were no differences between treatment conditions in levels of working alliance, indicating that among those who stay in treatment, working alliance can be established online at a similar level to that of face-to-face therapy. However a high number of dropouts in the Internet Therapy condition warranted consideration. A thorough explanation of the results is offered in addition to recommendations for the future directions of the research and clinical implementation of Internet Therapy.
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Pinto, Débora Duarte. "O composto mercadológico para web (modelo 4S): um estudo de caso em uma instituição financeira brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-05022007-173243/.

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O comércio eletrônico tem expandido sua área de aplicação em indústrias como a de serviços bancários e, especialmente, tem gerado novas oportunidades de negócios e possibilitado a presença das empresas em novos mercados. Esse fenômeno motivou a necessidade do desenvolvimento e adaptação de ferramentas para analisar essa nova realidade. Com o propósito de fazer uma análise crítica do composto mercadológico para Web (Modelo 4S), realizou-se um estudo de caso exploratório em uma instituição financeira brasileira que possui um site de comércio eletrônico e para proporcionar a aplicação desse modelo foi desenvolvido um instrumento de pesquisa para analisar esse comércio eletrônico sob a ótica do Modelo 4S. O estudo de caso revelou que a instituição financeira refletiu sobre os principais aspectos estratégicos e operacionais do marketing na Internet (escopo, site, sinergia e sistema). Como principais resultados deste estudo pode-se destacar que escopo desse comércio eletrônico, ou seja, a estratégia e objetivos, é voltado para o estabelecimento da presença internacional da instituição financeira. O site ou interface com o cliente enfoca o oferecimento de serviços on-line como remessas de valores e abertura de contas na Internet. A sinergia foi conquistada por meio da integração dos processos físicos da organização e com a criação de parceiros. Quanto ao sistema, isto é, tecnologia, requisitos técnicos e administração do site, a principal decisão foi a de não terceirizar.
The electronic commerce has expanded its area of application in industries as banking services and it has especially generated new business opportunities and made possible the presence of companies in new markets. This phenomenon motivated the necessity of development and adaptation of tools to analyze this new reality. With the intention to make a critical analysis of the Web Marketing Mix (Model 4S), an exploratory case study was fulfilled in a Brazilian financial institution which has an electronic commerce site. And to provide the application of this mode it was developed a research instrument. The case study has disclosed that the financial institution reflected on the main strategical and operational aspects of Internet marketing (scope, site, synergy and system). As main results of this study can be detached that the scope of this electronic commerce, is come back toward the establishment of the international presence of the financial institution; the site or interface with the customer focuses on-line banking services; the synergy was acquired by the integration of the physical process of the organization and with the creation of partners; and about system, or either, technology, technical requirements and site administration, the main decision was to make, not buy.
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Mayoh, Lyndel. "Synchronous internet therapy for panic disorder how does it compare to face-to-face therapy? /." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1603.

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Thesis (D.C.P. / M. Sc.)--Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 2006.
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology/Master of Science to the Faculty of Science. Title from title screen (viewed 2 August 2007). Bibliography: leaves 95-107.
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Books on the topic "Interet compose"

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Belaisch, Agnes. Do Brazilian banks compete? [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Western Hemisphere Department, 2003.

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Alan, Simpson. Official Netscape Composer book: The ultimate guide to designing professional Web pages. Research Triangle Park, NC: Ventana, 1997.

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American Bar Association. Forum of Communications Law, ed. Internet publishing perils and practices: A compass for content in the digital domain. Chicago, Illinois: American Bar Association, Forum of Communications Law, 2013.

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The complete guide to B2B marketing: New tactics, bools, and techniques to Compete in the digital economy. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2015.

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Ruling the waves: Cycles of discovery, chaos, and wealth from compass to the Internet. New York: Harcourt, 2001.

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Using the Web to compete in a global marketplace. New York: Wiley Computer Pub., 1998.

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Competition on the Internet: Hearing before the Task Force on Competition Policy and Antitrust Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, July 15, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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Snyder, Scott A. The new world of wireless: How to compete in the 4G revolution. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Wharton School Pub., 2010.

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Culwell, Lori. Million dollar website: Simple steps to help you compete with the big boys-even on a small business budget. New York: Prentice Hall Press, 2009.

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Brogi Bercoff, Giovanna, and Maria Grazia Bartolini, eds. Kiev e Leopoli: Il 'testo' culturale. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-666-2.

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Kiev has always revealed a surprising capacity for assimilation, giving rise over time to multi-ethnic, multi-faith and multi-cultural contexts of various types. Thinking of the "Kiev text" leads inevitably to consideration of the other emblematic text of the Ukrainian identity, the no less composite reality of Lviv. This publication contains the contributions presented at a Conference (Milan, February 2007) addressed to the "cultural text" of Kiev and Lviv. The authors are specialists with different cultural profiles, and the book is of a deliberately inter-disciplinary character. In view of the richness and variety of the information it is offered, within the Italian and international context, as a useful source even for the non-specialist public, and is one of a very small number of books dedicated to Ukraine available in Italian. Clearly, the arguments addressed represent only a tiny part of the vast spectrum of issues and questions inherent to the specificity and plurality of Kiev and Lviv. The hope is that the seed sewn here will grow into further fruitful interest.
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Book chapters on the topic "Interet compose"

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Dufva, Tomi Slotte. "Creative Coding as Compost(ing)." In Post-Digital, Post-Internet Art and Education, 269–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73770-2_16.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on creative coding practices within a university-level art education context. Drawing from earlier literature and combining it with current research, the chapter takes a feminist approach to creative coding and examines the importance and possibilities of different code-related art educational practice in the post-digital world(ing)s. The chapter discusses how post-digital takes place and uses compost as a metaphor to look at post-digital art education practices. More specifically, it introduces three examples from courses taught at Aalto University that together form the digital compost: humus, care, and waste. The chapter closes with the discussion on further feminist approaches within post-digital within art education.
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Ye, Chunyang, and Hans-Arno Jacobsen. "Event Exposure for Web Services: A Grey-Box Approach to Compose and Evolve Web Services." In The Smart Internet, 197–215. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16599-3_14.

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Ardagna, Danilo, Carlo Ghezzi, and Raffaela Mirandola. "Model Driven QoS Analyses of Composed Web Services." In Towards a Service-Based Internet, 299–311. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89897-9_26.

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Gresle, Anne-Sophie, Anna Cigarini, Leonardo de la Torre Avila, Irene Jimeno, Franco Bagnoli, Herman Dempere, Mireia Ribera, Eloi Puertas, Josep Perelló, and María Jesús Pinazo. "An Innovative Online Tool to Self-evaluate and Compare Participatory Research Projects Labelled as Science Shops or Citizen Science." In Internet Science, 59–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34770-3_5.

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Marasso, Lanfranco, Marco De Maggio, Valentina Chetta, Maddalena Grieco, Carla Elia, and Salvatore Totaro. "Allowing Citizens to Self-compose Personalized Services: A Cloud Computing Model." In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: OTM 2010 Workshops, 41–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16961-8_12.

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Rao, Aravinda, Jayavardhana Gubbi, Tuan Ngo, Priyan Mendis, and Marimuthu Palaniswami. "Internet of Things for Structural Health Monitoring." In Structural Health Monitoring Technologies and Next-Generation Smart Composite Structures, 89–120. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315373492-5.

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Dyachuk, Dmytro, and Ralph Deters. "Scheduling of Composite Web Services." In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2006: OTM 2006 Workshops, 19–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11915034_9.

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Pielot, Martin, Benjamin Poppinga, Wilko Heuten, and Susanne Boll. "A Tactile Compass for Eyes-Free Pedestrian Navigation." In Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2011, 640–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23771-3_47.

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Jensen, Jakob Linaa, Peter B. Vahlstrup, and Anja Bechmann. "How to Compare Different Social Media: A Conceptual and Technical Framework." In Second International Handbook of Internet Research, 1–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1202-4_32-1.

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Jensen, Jakob Linaa, Peter B. Vahlstrup, and Anja Bechmann. "How to Compare Different Social Media: A Conceptual and Technical Framework." In Second International Handbook of Internet Research, 799–814. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1555-1_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Interet compose"

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Mahmood, Ali Mirza, and Mrithyumjaya Rao Kuppa. "A composite splitting criterion using random sampling." In 2010 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Robotics and Communication Technologies (INTERACT 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/interact.2010.5706188.

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Biswas, Arindam, Suman Khara, Partha Bhowmick, and Bhargab B. Bhattacharya. "Extraction of regions of interest from face images using cellular analysis." In the 1st Bangalore annual Compute conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1341771.1341787.

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Feng, Yufei, Fuyu Lv, Weichen Shen, Menghan Wang, Fei Sun, Yu Zhu, and Keping Yang. "Deep Session Interest Network for Click-Through Rate Prediction." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/319.

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Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction plays an important role in many industrial applications, such as online advertising and recommender systems. How to capture users' dynamic and evolving interests from their behavior sequences remains a continuous research topic in the CTR prediction. However, most existing studies overlook the intrinsic structure of the sequences: the sequences are composed of sessions, where sessions are user behaviors separated by their occurring time. We observe that user behaviors are highly homogeneous in each session, and heterogeneous cross sessions. Based on this observation, we propose a novel CTR model named Deep Session Interest Network (DSIN) that leverages users' multiple historical sessions in their behavior sequences. We first use self-attention mechanism with bias encoding to extract users' interests in each session. Then we apply Bi-LSTM to model how users' interests evolve and interact among sessions. Finally, we employ the local activation unit to adaptively learn the influences of various session interests on the target item. Experiments are conducted on both advertising and production recommender datasets and DSIN outperforms other state-of-the-art models on both datasets.
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Edmundson, Anne, Roya Ensafi, Nick Feamster, and Jennifer Rexford. "Nation-State Hegemony in Internet Routing." In COMPASS '18: ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3209811.3211887.

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Pérez, Juan Luis, Álvaro Villalba, David Carrera, Iker Larizgoitia, and Vlad Trifa. "The COMPOSE API for the internet of things." In the 23rd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2567948.2579226.

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Петренко, Татьяна. "ЭСТЕТИКА Б. БАРТОКА И ЕЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ДЛЯ КОМПОЗИТОРСКОЙ ШКОЛЫ УЗБЕКИСТАНА." In Proceedings of the XXIX International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25052021/7566.

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The ingenious Hungarian composer-innovator B. Bartok in his work solved the super task – the creation of a national musical art based on the active interaction of composer creativity and folk music. This is consistent with the goals of young national composer schools. That is why the work of B. Bartok has such a great influence. In the Central Asian region, interest in the work of the composer appeared in the 1970-1980s. Bartok’s influence is observed in two main aspects – the level of ideas and the use of specific techniques. Moreover, it is especially valuable that Uzbek composers rethink Bartok's innovations in a national spirit.
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Bravo, Joel Lenin Pinargote, Rafael Beto Mpfumo, Luis Alejandro Madruga Milanés, Ximena Michelle Cueva, Gretel García Gómez, Amalia Gómez Marcheco, Alberto Fernández Oliva, Jeanna Neefe Matthews, and Sam P. Kellogg. "Lessons from El Paquete, Cuba's Offline Internet." In COMPASS '18: ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3209811.3209876.

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Mandler, B., F. Antonelli, R. Kleinfeld, C. Pedrinaci, D. Carrera, A. Gugliotta, D. Schreckling, et al. "COMPOSE -- A Journey from the Internet of Things to the Internet of Services." In 2013 Workshops of 27th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (WAINA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/waina.2013.116.

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Pandey, Saurabh K., and Mukesh A. Zaveri. "Hierarchical Tree-based Optimized Communication for Real Time Event Driven Internet of Things." In ACM COMPUTE '16: Ninth Annual ACM India Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2998476.2998481.

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Balasubramaniam, Sasitharan, Dmitri Botvich, Julien Mineraud, Micheal O Foghlu, and William Donnelly. "Self-sustaining composed service groups for Future Internet." In 2008 First International Symposium on Applied Sciences on Biomedical and Communication Technologies (ISABEL). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isabel.2008.4712598.

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Reports on the topic "Interet compose"

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Zhang, R., and N. Bitar. A Backward-Recursive PCE-Based Computation (BRPC) Procedure to Compute Shortest Constrained Inter-Domain Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths. RFC Editor, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5441.

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Zhao, Q., D. Dhody, D. King, Z. Ali, and R. Casellas. PCE-Based Computation Procedure to Compute Shortest Constrained Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) Inter-Domain Traffic Engineering Label Switched Paths. RFC Editor, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7334.

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Hernández, Ana, Magaly Lavadenz, and JESSEA YOUNG. Mapping Writing Development in Young Bilingual Learners. CEEL, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.article.2012.2.

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A growing interest in Two-Way Bilingual Immersion (TWBI) programs has led to increased attention to bilingualism, biliteracy, and biculturalism. This article describes the writing development in Spanish and English for 49 kindergarten students in a 50/50 Two-Way Bilingual Immersion program. Over the course of an academic year, the authors collected writing samples to analyze evidence of cross-linguistic resource sharing using a grounded theoretical approach to compare and contrast writing samples to determine patterns of cross-linguistic resource sharing in English and Spanish. The authors identified four patterns: phonological, syntactic, lexical, and metalinguistic awareness. Findings indicated that emergent writers applied similar strategies as older bilingual students, including lexical level code-switching, applied phonological rules of L1 to their respective L2s, and used experiential and content knowledge to write in their second language. These findings have instructional implications for both English Learners and native English speakers as well as for learning from students for program improvement.
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands, and Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.

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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.
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Filmer, Deon, Ezequiel Molina, and Waly Wane. Identifying Effective Teachers: Lessons from Four Classroom Observation Tools. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/045.

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Four different classroom observation instruments—from the Service Delivery Indicators, the Stallings Observation System, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System, and the Teach classroom observation instrument—were implemented in about 100 schools across four regions of Tanzania. The research design is such that various combinations of tools were administered to various combinations of teachers, so these data can be used to explore the commonalities and differences in the behaviors and practices captured by each tool, the internal properties of the tools (for example, how stable they are across enumerators, or how various indicators relate to one another), and how variables collected by the various tools compare to each other. Analysis shows that inter-rater reliability can be low, especially for some of the subjective ratings; principal components analysis suggests that lower-level constructs do not map neatly to predetermined higher-level ones and suggest that the data have only a few dimensions. Measures collected during teacher observations are associated with student test scores, but patterns differ for teachers with lower versus higher subject content knowledge.
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Lembo, Carolina, Edpo Covalciuk Silva, Isadora Chansky, Rogério Princhak, Ana Flávia Ramos, Bruno Aurélio, Gabriel Ribeiro Fajardo, et al. El Estado como Buen Pagador: la estructuración de garantías y otros instrumentos de pago para atraer inversiones de alta calidad en América Latina y el Caribe. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003421.

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Los Documentos de Discusión - PPP Américas 2021 componen una serie de textos desarrollados en preparación de la X Edición del PPP Américas, el principal foro de Asociaciones Público-Privadas (APP) de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), organizado cada dos años por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID). Con motivo de la edición del PPP Américas 2021, se reunieron ocho grupos temáticos de expertos, profesionales, consultores y académicos involucrados directamente en la planificación, identificación, estructuración y gestión de proyectos de infraestructura mediante Asociaciones Público-Privadas (APP) en los países de la región. Los grupos, bajo la coordinación de especialistas del BID, revisaron los principales temas de interés y actualidad en el ámbito de las APP en infraestructura económica y social, con el objeto de intercambiar experiencias, debatir casos de éxito y lecciones aprendidas. El presente documento de discusión “El Estado Buen Pagador” recoge las principales conclusiones y recomendaciones derivadas de los debates de ese grupo temático, y pretende contribuir a la consolidación de un ambiente de intercambio de conocimiento en infraestructura y APP en la región, ofreciendo mejores prácticas en la estructuración de garantías y otros instrumentos de pago, para atraer inversiones de alta calidad en América Latina y el Caribe.
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Ziegler, Nancy, Nicholas Webb, Adrian Chappell, and Sandra LeGrand. Scale invariance of albedo-based wind friction velocity. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40499.

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Obtaining reliable estimates of aerodynamic roughness is necessary to interpret and accurately predict aeolian sediment transport dynamics. However, inherent uncertainties in field measurements and models of surface aerodynamic properties continue to undermine aeolian research, monitoring, and dust modeling. A new relation between aerodynamic shelter and land surface shadow has been established at the wind tunnel scale, enabling the potential for estimates of wind erosion and dust emission to be obtained across scales from albedo data. Here, we compare estimates of wind friction velocity (u*) derived from traditional methods (wind speed profiles) with those derived from the albedo model at two separate scales using bare soil patch (via net radiometers) and landscape (via MODIS 500 m) datasets. Results show that profile-derived estimates of u* are highly variable in anisotropic surface roughness due to changes in wind direction and fetch. Wind speed profiles poorly estimate soil surface (bed) wind friction velocities necessary for aeolian sediment transport research and modeling. Albedo-based estimates of u* at both scales have small variability because the estimate is integrated over a defined, fixed area and resolves the partition of wind momentum be-tween roughness elements and the soil surface. We demonstrate that the wind tunnel-based calibration of albedo for predicting wind friction velocities at the soil surface (us*) is applicable across scales. The albedo-based approach enables consistent and reliable drag partition correction across scales for model and field estimates of us* necessary for wind erosion and dust emission modeling.
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Bhattarai, Rabin, Yufan Zhang, and Jacob Wood. Evaluation of Various Perimeter Barrier Products. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-009.

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Construction activities entail substantial disturbance of topsoil and vegetative cover. As a result, stormwater runoff and erosion rates are increased significantly. If the soil erosion and subsequently generated sediment are not contained within the site, they would have a negative off-site impact as well as a detrimental influence on the receiving water body. In this study, replicable large-scale tests were used to analyze the ability of products to prevent sediment from exiting the perimeter of a site via sheet flow. The goal of these tests was to compare products to examine how well they retain sediment and how much ponding occurs upstream, as well as other criteria of interest to the Illinois Department of Transportation. The products analyzed were silt fence, woven monofilament geotextile, Filtrexx Siltsoxx, ERTEC ProWattle, triangular silt dike, sediment log, coconut coir log, Siltworm, GeoRidge, straw wattles, and Terra-Tube. Joint tests and vegetated buffer strip tests were also conducted. The duration of each test was 30 minutes, and 116 pounds of clay-loam soil were mixed with water in a 300 gallon tank. The solution was continuously mixed throughout the test. The sediment-water slurry was uniformly discharged over an 8 ft by 20 ft impervious 3:1 slope. The bottom of the slope had a permeable zone (8 ft by 8 ft) constructed from the same soil used in the mixing. The product was installed near the center of this zone. Water samples were collected at 5 minute intervals upstream and downstream of the product. These samples were analyzed for total sediment concentration to determine the effectiveness of each product. The performance of each product was evaluated in terms of sediment removal, ponding, ease of installation, and sustainability.
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Roye, Thorsten. Unsettled Technology Areas in Deterministic Assembly Approaches for Industry 4.0. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021018.

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Increased production rates and cost reduction are affecting manufacturing in all sectors of the mobility industry. One enabling methodology that could achieve these goals in the burgeoning “Industry 4.0” environment is the deterministic assembly (DA) approach. The DA approach is defined as an optimized assembly process; it always forms the same final structure and has a strong link to design-for-assembly and design-for-automation methodologies. It also looks at the whole supply chain, enabling drastic savings at the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) level by reducing recurring costs and lead time. Within Industry 4.0, DA will be required mainly for the aerospace and the space industry, but serves as an interesting approach for other industries assembling large and/or complex components. In its entirety, the DA approach connects an entire supply chain—from part manufacturing at an elementary level to an OEM’s final assembly line level. Addressing the whole process of aircraft design and manufacturing is necessary to develop further collaboration models between OEMs and the supply chain, including addressing the most pressing technology challenges. Since all parts aggregate at the OEM level, the OEM—as an integrator of all these single parts—needs special end-to-end methodologies to drastically decrease cost and lead time. This holistic approach can be considered in part design as well (in the design-for-automation and design-for-assembly philosophy). This allows for quicker assembly at the OEM level, such as “part-to-part” or “hole-to-hole” approaches, versus traditional, classical assembly methods like manual measurement or measurement-assisted assembly. In addition, it can increase flexibility regarding rate changes in production (such as those due to pandemic- or climate-related environmental challenges). The standardization and harmonization of these areas would help all industries and designers to have a deterministic approach with an end-to-end concept. Simulations can easily compare possible production and assembly steps with different impacts on local and global tolerances. Global measurement feedback needs high-accuracy turnkey solutions, which are very costly and inflexible. The goal of standardization would be to use Industry 4.0 feedback and features, as well as to define several building blocks of the DA approach as a one-way assembly (also known as one-up assembly, or “OUA”), false one-way assembly, “Jig-as-Master,” etc., up to the hole-to-hole assembly approach. The evolution of these assembly principles and the link to simulation approaches are undefined and unsolved domains; they are discussed in this report. They must be discussed in greater depth with aims of (first) clarifying the scope of the industry-wide alignment needs and (second) prioritizing the issues requiring standardization. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, Eileen Erinoff, Robin Featherstone, Christiane Voisin, and Gaelen P. Adam. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.

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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.
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