Academic literature on the topic 'Interface alignment tool'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interface alignment tool"
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Hall, Nicholas J., David Miguel Susano Pinto, and Ian M. Dobbie. "BeamDelta: simple alignment tool for optical systems." Wellcome Open Research 4 (December 6, 2019): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15576.1.
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BeamDelta is a tool to help align optical systems. It greatly assists in assembling bespoke optical systems by providing a live view of the current laser beam position and a reference position. Even a simple optical setup has multiple degrees of freedom that affect the alignment of beam paths. These degrees of freedom rise exponentially with the complexity of the system. The process of aligning all the optical components for a specific system is often esoteric and poorly documented, if it is documented at all. Alignment methods used often rely on visual inspection of beams impinging on pinholes in the beam path, typically requiring an experienced operator staring at diffuse reflections for extended periods of time. This can lead to a decline in accuracy due to eye strain, flash blindness as well as symptoms such as headaches and, possibly, more serious retinal damage. Here we present BeamDelta a simple alignment tool and accompanying software interface which allows users to obtain accurate alignment as well as removing the necessity of staring at diffuse laser reflections. BeamDelta is a robust alignment tool as it doesn't require any precise alignment itself.
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Tu, Shin-Lin, Jeannette Staheli, Colum McClay, Kathleen McLeod, Timothy Rose, and Chris Upton. "Base-By-Base Version 3: New Comparative Tools for Large Virus Genomes." Viruses 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10110637.
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Base-By-Base is a comprehensive tool for the creation and editing of multiple sequence alignments that is coded in Java and runs on multiple platforms. It can be used with gene and protein sequences as well as with large viral genomes, which themselves can contain gene annotations. This report describes new features added to Base-By-Base over the last 7 years. The two most significant additions are: (1) The recoding and inclusion of “consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers” (CODEHOP), a popular tool for the design of degenerate primers from a multiple sequence alignment of proteins; and (2) the ability to perform fuzzy searches within the columns of sequence data in multiple sequence alignments to determine the distribution of sequence variants among the sequences. The intuitive interface focuses on the presentation of results in easily understood visualizations and providing the ability to annotate the sequences in a multiple alignment with analytic and user data.
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Finney, Richard P., Qing-Rong Chen, Cu V. Nguyen, Chih Hao Hsu, Chunhua Yan, Ying Hu, Massih Abawi, Xiaopeng Bian, and Daoud M. Meerzaman. "Alview: Portable Software for Viewing Sequence Reads in BAM Formatted Files." Cancer Informatics 14 (January 2015): CIN.S26470. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cin.s26470.
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The name Alview is a contraction of the term Alignment Viewer. Alview is a compiled to native architecture software tool for visualizing the alignment of sequencing data. Inputs are files of short-read sequences aligned to a reference genome in the SAM/BAM format and files containing reference genome data. Outputs are visualizations of these aligned short reads. Alview is written in portable C with optional graphical user interface (GUI) code written in C, C++, and Objective-C. The application can run in three different ways: as a web server, as a command line tool, or as a native, GUI program. Alview is compatible with Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Apple OS X. It is available as a web demo at https://cgwb.nci.nih.gov/cgi-bin/alview . The source code and Windows/Mac/Linux executables are available via https://github.com/NCIP/alview .
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West, Ruth, Jeff Burke, Cheryl Kerfeld, Eitan Mendelowitz, Thomas Holton, J. P. Lewis, Ethan Drucker, and Weihong Yan. "Both and Neither: in silico v1.0, Ecce Homology." Leonardo 38, no. 4 (August 2005): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0024094054762089.
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Ecce Homology, a physically interactive new-media work, visualizes genetic data as calligraphic forms. A novel computer-vision user interface allows multiple participants, through their movement in the installation space, to select genes from the human genome for visualizing the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), a primary algorithm in comparative genomics. Ecce Homology was successfully installed in the UCLA Fowler Museum, 6 November 2003–4 January 2004.
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Randhawa, Gurjit S., Kathleen A. Hill, and Lila Kari. "MLDSP-GUI: an alignment-free standalone tool with an interactive graphical user interface for DNA sequence comparison and analysis." Bioinformatics 36, no. 7 (December 13, 2019): 2258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz918.
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Abstract Summary Machine Learning with Digital Signal Processing and Graphical User Interface (MLDSP-GUI) is an open-source, alignment-free, ultrafast, computationally lightweight, and standalone software tool with an interactive GUI for comparison and analysis of DNA sequences. MLDSP-GUI is a general-purpose tool that can be used for a variety of applications such as taxonomic classification, disease classification, virus subtype classification, evolutionary analyses, among others. Availability and implementation MLDSP-GUI is open-source, cross-platform compatible, and is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The executable and dataset files are available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/mldsp-gui/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Shirshikov, Fedor V., Yuri A. Pekov, and Konstantin A. Miroshnikov. "MorphoCatcher: a multiple-alignment based web tool for target selection and designing taxon-specific primers in the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method." PeerJ 7 (April 26, 2019): e6801. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6801.
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Background Advantages of loop-mediated isothermal amplification in molecular diagnostics allow to consider the method as a promising technology of nucleic acid detection in agriculture and medicine. A bioinformatics tool that provides rapid screening and selection of target nucleotide sequences with subsequent taxon-specific primer design toward polymorphic orthologous genes, not only unique or conserved common regions of genome, would contribute to the development of more specific and sensitive diagnostic assays. However, considering features of the original software for primer selection, also known as the PrimerExplorer (Eiken Chemical Co. LTD, Tokyo, Japan), the taxon-specific primer design using multiple sequence alignments of orthologs or even viral genomes with conservative architecture is still complicated. Findings Here, MorphoCatcher is introduced as a fast and simple web plugin for PrimerExplorer with a clear interface. It enables an execution of multiple-alignment based search of taxon-specific mutations, visual screening and selection of target sequences, and easy-to-start specific primer design using the PrimerExplorer software. The combination of MorphoCatcher and PrimerExplorer allows to perform processing of the multiple alignments of orthologs for informative sliding-window plot analysis, which is used to identify the sequence regions with a high density of taxon-specific mutations and cover them by the primer ends for better specificity of amplification. Conclusions We hope that this new bioinformatics tool developed for target selection and taxon-specific primer design, called the MorphoCatcher, will gain more popularity of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for molecular diagnostics community. MorphoCatcher is a simple web plugin tool for the PrimerExplorer software which is freely available only for non-commercial and academic users at http://morphocatcher.ru.
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Singh, Anil Kumar. "A Set of Annotation Interfaces for Alignment of Parallel Corpora." Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 102, no. 1 (September 11, 2014): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pralin-2014-0014.
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Abstract Annotation interfaces for parallel corpora which fit in well with other tools can be very useful. We describe a set of annotation interfaces which fulfill this criterion. This set includes a sentence alignment interface, two different word or word group alignment interfaces and an initial version of a parallel syntactic annotation alignment interface. These tools can be used for manual alignment, or they can be used to correct automatic alignments. Manual alignment can be performed in combination with certain kinds of linguistic annotation. Most of these interfaces use a representation called the Shakti Standard Format that has been found to be very robust and has been used for large and successful projects. It ties together the different interfaces, so that the data created by them is portable across all tools which support this representation. The existence of a query language for data stored in this representation makes it possible to build tools that allow easy search and modification of annotated parallel data.
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Cheng, De Wen, Yong Tian Wang, M. M. Talha, and Jun Chang. "Modeling and Tolerancing for Complex Aperture Imaging Systems." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 1268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.1268.
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To analyze the effects of fabrication and alignment errors on optical systems with complex apertures such as a segmented telescope, a visual basic routine (VBR) is developed using CODE V’s COM interface. One of the eminent features of this VBR is its graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI facilitates the user to model different types of segmentations quickly and precisely. The input parameters describe the basic shapes of the segments (polygon or sector), the chamfers at their corners, and the gaps between them. Fabrication errors (i.e. surface errors and alignment errors such as decenters and tilts for each segment) can also be introduced easily and effectively through the GUI. Geometrical and diffraction-based analyses can then be performed to study and analyze the effects of these errors on the imaging quality of the optical system. Results of tolerance analysis are presented for a test system, which require a very stringent tolerance to be placed on the discrepancy among the radii of curvature for different segments. In short, the VBR is a user friendly and a flexible tool with its application scope in designing complex aperture optical systems.
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Pabo, Eric F., Christoph Floetgen, Bernhard Rebhan, and Razek Nasser. "Advances in Aligned Wafer Bonding Enable by High Vacuum Processing." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, DPC (January 1, 2016): 000488–541. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016dpc-ta33.
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High volume aligned wafer bonding processes typically separate the wafer to wafer alignment process from the wafer bonding process and this wafer to wafer alignment is normally done in an ambient atmosphere. While this process flow has worked well and enabled the proliferation of MEMS devices in the last decade, it does have limitations. The primary issue is the exposure to water vapor and ambient atmosphere which limits the preprocessing that can be done and maintained on the wafers to be bonded. Performing the wafer to wafer alignment, handling, and wafer bonding in a high vacuum environment allow specialized preprocessing of the wafers prior to alignment and bonding. The most basic preprocessing enabled by this high vacuum environment is the open face dehydration bake of wafers prior to alignment to alignment and bonding. When done in a cluster tool, a chamber can be dedicated to baking out the wafers to minimizing the effect of outgassing on the final vacuum level in the MEMS device. If one wafer needs a high temperature bakeout and getter activation and one wafer is limited to a low temperature bakeout this is possible by using two chamber in the cluster tool – one for the high temperature backout and one for the low temperature bakeout. Microbolometers that use vanadium oxide as the sensor layer are an example of a device needing high and low temperature bakeout. Another preprocessing enabled by the high vacuum cluster tool is a surface treatment which removes oxides from the surface, increases the surface energy, and enables the formation of covalent bonds at room temperature in the case of Si-Si bonding. This low temperature covalent bond has been shown to have an oxide free interface with a minimized amorphous layer as well as very low metal contamination. Also, because the bonding is done at or near room temperature it is possible to bond materials with substantially different CTES such a GaN to SiC This new technology will enable improved vacuum encapsulation as well as the manufacture of new, high performance engineered substrates. The latest process results as well as process flows and required equipment capabilities will be presented.
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Agüero-Chapin, Guillermin, Deborah Galpert, Reinaldo Molina-Ruiz, Evys Ancede-Gallardo, Gisselle Pérez-Machado, Gustavo A. De la Riva, and Agostinho Antunes. "Graph Theory-Based Sequence Descriptors as Remote Homology Predictors." Biomolecules 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10010026.
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Alignment-free (AF) methodologies have increased in popularity in the last decades as alternative tools to alignment-based (AB) algorithms for performing comparative sequence analyses. They have been especially useful to detect remote homologs within the twilight zone of highly diverse gene/protein families and superfamilies. The most popular alignment-free methodologies, as well as their applications to classification problems, have been described in previous reviews. Despite a new set of graph theory-derived sequence/structural descriptors that have been gaining relevance in the detection of remote homology, they have been omitted as AF predictors when the topic is addressed. Here, we first go over the most popular AF approaches used for detecting homology signals within the twilight zone and then bring out the state-of-the-art tools encoding graph theory-derived sequence/structure descriptors and their success for identifying remote homologs. We also highlight the tendency of integrating AF features/measures with the AB ones, either into the same prediction model or by assembling the predictions from different algorithms using voting/weighting strategies, for improving the detection of remote signals. Lastly, we briefly discuss the efforts made to scale up AB and AF features/measures for the comparison of multiple genomes and proteomes. Alongside the achieved experiences in remote homology detection by both the most popular AF tools and other less known ones, we provide our own using the graphical–numerical methodologies, MARCH-INSIDE, TI2BioP, and ProtDCal. We also present a new Python-based tool (SeqDivA) with a friendly graphical user interface (GUI) for delimiting the twilight zone by using several similar criteria.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interface alignment tool"
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Collins, Matt. "The emotional side of breakthrough innovation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9696.
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Breakthrough innovations are vital for the global economy and even our survival as a species. They appear as creative leaps and insights without obvious connection to existing knowledge and are extremely valuable to organisations, giving them significant competitive advantage. Historiometric and psychopathological evidence shows that breakthrough innovations are often associated with individuals and affective dysfunction; yet innovation today is widely held to be an organisational phenomenon operationalised though a model of creativity based on positive affective experiences and group activities which may be particularly unsuited to innovative thinkers. Research upon which the current paradigm for creativity and innovation are based is detached from real world outcomes and has been challenged as to its validity. Little data exists outside of experiments or indirect observation of naturally occurring affective experiences and the mood-creativity-innovation link has yet to be proven; we still know very little about how breakthrough innovations occur. This unique study addresses this significant gap in innovation research with a two-year longitudinal case study of a breakthrough innovation being developed for a multi-national Fast-Moving Consumer Goods company. It followed the journey of a lone innovator and attempts to answer the research question: “Can a fear of failure lead to breakthrough innovation?” The innovation space was investigated from three perspectives: technology, organisation and innovator, to build a picture of the highly immersive and emotionally charged experience of innovating. Many new insights were gained, and with extensive support from literature, new tools for the management of technology and the interface between innovators and organisations were developed, along with ground-breaking research into the mood-creativity innovation link. These are delivered through a series of four journal papers. The key finding from this research has been the discovery of the innovation-wave, a phenomenon which for the first time provides evidence for the mood-creativity-innovation link; intimately connecting real-world creative efficacy with emotion and specifically a ‘fear of failure’. From this finding a new theory and psycho-cognitive model for a distinct form of creativity called innovative thinking, driven by negative affect (mood) and specifically suited to achieving a breakthrough innovation through overcoming apparently insoluble problems, was posited and a hypothesis proposed and tested using a sophisticated innovation simulation developed especially for this purpose. Evidence from the case study and later experiment provide support for the research question and the lone innovator. This study makes a unique contribution to our understanding of creativity and innovation which could have a significant impact on how both are researched, taught and managed in the future. Being able to understand and possibly manipulate the innovation-wave, if proven correct, could be vitally important for maximising the potential for creating breakthrough innovations to the benefit of us all.
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Kamepalli, Phanindra. "User Interface and Modified Testbench to Support Comprehensive Analysis of Protein Structural Alignment Tools." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313766325.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Interface alignment tool"
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Blanchet, Christophe, Christophe Combet, Vladimir Daric, and Gilbert Deléage. "Web Services Interface to Run Protein Sequence Tools on Grid, Testcase of Protein Sequence Alignment." In Biological and Medical Data Analysis, 240–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11946465_22.
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Lin, Chun-Yuan, Jin Ye, Che-Lun Hung, Chung-Hung Wang, Min Su, and Jianjun Tan. "Constructing a Bioinformatics Platform with Web and Mobile Services Based on NVIDIA Jetson TK1." In Data Analytics in Medicine, 629–44. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1204-3.ch035.
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Current high-end graphics processing units (abbreviate to GPUs), such as NVIDIA Tesla, Fermi, Kepler series cards which contain up to thousand cores per-chip, are widely used in the high performance computing fields. These GPU cards (called desktop GPUs) should be installed in personal computers/servers with desktop CPUs; moreover, the cost and power consumption of constructing a high performance computing platform with these desktop CPUs and GPUs are high. NVIDIA releases Tegra K1, called Jetson TK1, which contains 4 ARM Cortex-A15 CPUs and 192 CUDA cores (Kepler GPU) and is an embedded board with low cost, low power consumption and high applicability advantages for embedded applications. NVIDIA Jetson TK1 becomes a new research direction. Hence, in this paper, a bioinformatics platform was constructed based on NVIDIA Jetson TK1. ClustalWtk and MCCtk tools for sequence alignment and compound comparison were designed on this platform, respectively. Moreover, the web and mobile services for these two tools with user friendly interfaces also were provided. The experimental results showed that the cost-performance ratio by NVIDIA Jetson TK1 is higher than that by Intel XEON E5-2650 CPU and NVIDIA Tesla K20m GPU card.
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Tsui, Eric. "A Two-Tier Approach to Elicit Enterprise Portal User Requirements." In End-User Computing, 1812–21. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-945-8.ch124.
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Organizations are increasingly turning to enterprise portals to support knowledge work. Portal deployment can be intradepartmental across several business units in one organization or even inter-organizational. Currently in the industry, most of these portals are purchased solutions (e.g., collaboration and smart enterprise suites) and many of these purchasing and selection decisions are primarily driven by the interest of a small group of stakeholders with strong influence from IT vendors. The true requirements for the portal as well as the strategy for its medium- to long-term phased deployment are, in general, poorly addressed. This, together with other reasons, has lead to many failures or to a low adoption rate of the enterprise portal by staff at various levels of an organization. Common problems that hinder portal adoption include lack of an overall governance model, mis-alignment with business processes, poor or non-existent content management (process, tools, and governance), and technical problems associated with the development and configuration of portlets. This article focuses on one critical issue that directly influences the success of an enterprise portal deployment, namely the correct elicitation of user requirements (which in turn lead to the chosen portal’s features and to the style of the portal interface). Taking into consideration the advancement and landscape of commercial portal vendors in the market, this article discusses a bottom-up approach to the identification of high-level drivers for portal usages for its users.
Conference papers on the topic "Interface alignment tool"
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Garzón, Jorge, José Carlos Hidalgo, Federico Jorreto, Patricia Cara, and Joaquín Ramos. "EMFRail: A Tool to Calculate Rail Traction Electromagnetic Fields." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2201.
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EMC/EMI is a source of concern from the beginning of planning a new railway line. High powered electrified railways such as HSR are usually AC electrified. This poses a hazard for nearby systems and users. Induced voltages can create electric shock risks or malfunction in signalling or other nearby systems. LRTs, metro lines or commuter systems are usually DC fed and can be located near electromagnetic sensitive equipment such as MRI equipment in hospitals or research equipment — such as electron microscopes — in campuses or laboratories. EMF calculation and impact assessment in early phases of the project rely on simulation and expertise in these complex multi system interrelations. Rail traction creates EM fields which tend to decrease rapidly as the distance from the track axis increases. However, considerations about passengers, workforce and public safety and system compatibility are always needed. As an example, transient currents in DC rail, especially due to short circuits or arcs can interfere with nearby equipment. Even semi steady state DC currents associated with normal operation of the line (traction and breaking currents) present EMC related hazards that need to be assessed in order to evaluate if mitigation measures for associated risks are needed. AECOM’s Madrid Transportation Design Center has developed a tool that provides 3D EMF calculations for railway lines, either AC or DC. This tool, called EMFRail, can deliver EMF estimations based on power load supply simulations considering alignment, separation between tracks, geometry of the electrification system (OCS, third rail), rolling stock mechanical and electric features as well as regenerative braking in order to provide decision support information to make educated project decisions from the beginning of the design. Regenerative braking is a common energy saving tool for railways these days, but has posed new EMF hazards since currents sent back to the OCS can be bigger than those related to traction and this process can occur in different locations of the line (usually when the train is decelerating from maximum speed). This tool can calculate both magnetic and electrical fields for traction frequencies. This tool has been used in several LRT and rail projects providing insightful information to adopt mitigation measures such as underground feeders or operational limitations. EMFRail can simulate mitigation measures for challenging situations such as EMF caused by semi steady state maximum currents (prior to the trip of protection systems). EMFRail can also provide EMF calculations for transmission or distribution power lines once the required current or voltage values (module and phase) are known as well as the position of the different conductors (OCS wires, feeders, rails) of the line under study. EMFRail is developed using MatLab programming suite taking advantage of matrix operation capabilities. Output results are isocurves that can be superimposed to a raised view drawing, 3D contours for specific magnetic field values or even time animated frames to understand worst case scenarios that sometimes are not easy to foresee based on common assumptions.
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Ruggiero, Eric J., Jason Allen, and Mark Lusted. "Experimental Testing Techniques for Kevlar® Fiber Brush Seals." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-60172.
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Non-metallic brush seals, and more specifically, Kevlar® (aramid) fiber brush seals, are an emerging sealing technology in low-pressure, low temperature applications. Compared to metallic brush seals, aramid fibers are an order of magnitude smaller in diameter and consequently offer much tighter sealing capability. Further, their compliant nature requires minimal pressure drops across the seal to encourage blow-down of the bristle pack onto the rotor during operation. Similarly, their compliant nature also enables the bristle pack to correct for alignment issues and to recover from radial growth transients of the rotor. Proper design of the bristle pack stiffness is critical to the successful operation of the seal. If the seal is designed to be too soft, frictional forces prohibit the recovery of the bristle pack if pressed away from the rotor. Conversely, if designed too stiffly, then the heat generation at the sliding interface of the seal accelerates the degradation of the seal. The goal of the present paper is to present the experimental techniques developed to guide the design of aramid fiber brush seals. Two experimental test methodologies will be presented: a direct stiffness measurement and a heat generation measurement. Both testing procedures have been used to successfully design seals for various GE turbomachinery products.
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Srinivas, P. R. K. S., and Tham Beng Choy. "Design & Construction of Setiawangsa – Pantai Expressway (SPE - DUKE Ph3) – Section 3 from Pandan to Setiawangsa in Kuala Lumpur." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0644.
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<p>The Setiawangsa – Pantai Expressway (SPE - DUKE Phase 3) is an infrastructure development under transformation programmes undertaken by the Government of Malaysia through Concessionaire Lebuhraya DUKE Fasa 3 (LDF3) Sdn. Bhd. The total length of SPE mainline is 32Km besides 7 interchanges, 2 mainline toll plazas, 3 ramp toll plazas and is divided in to 4 sections [1]. The proposed Section 3 from Pandan to Setiawangsa of SPE project involves design, construction, operation and maintenance of 5km long elevated dual 2-Lane highway with 24.9m wide mainline deck besides an interchange and ramp toll plaza at AKLEH interface in Kuala Lumpur. The project alignment is located in densely developed urban environment and mainly traverses over existing arterial roads, storm water tunnel (SMART) underneath, crosses urban arterials, expressway, LRT line, river and acts as a city bypass for effective traffic dispersal system in order to alleviate traffic congestion on local at-grade roads. The project is completely on an elevated structure in the form of double deck and single deck arrangement in order to minimise the land acquisition, least disturbance to road users, adjoining developments and utilities. Various types of super structure viz., precast T-beams, U-Beams, cast in-situ / precast box girders are adopted besides different types of foundation & substructure with longest span being 62m. This paper aims at presenting an insight of various types of designs, innovative methods adopted to suit the site constraints and interfacing issues to meet project timeline, cost effective design approach during the construction of Section 3 of Setiawangsa – Pantai Expressway.</p>
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Kaye, Alwyn. "Investigation and Resolution of the Fluid Structure Interaction of High Rate HVGO Pumps." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21203.
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Abstract A suite of High Rate Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil (HVGO) pumps in an operating Upgrader Plant experienced repeated failures; typically, less than 7 weeks. The need for online measuring tools arose that could measure pump and piping system strain changes with dynamic thermal gradients. The challenge was to record the effect on the entirety of pump component alignment and vibration. In current industrial practices no such tools and techniques are directly and comprehensively available for rotary equipment. Strain gauges are not accurate, and cannot provide broader real time strain mapping. Optical metrology can analyze the mechanical properties and behavior of all kinds of materials in various test scenarios. To date such methods are experimental and principally found in advanced application environments. At the time the method was unknown and especially in such a difficult industrial plant. In such a complex and extreme hot and cold operating service warm-up, cooling, with variations in flow and temperature, can directly and dynamically affect strain measurements. It was not certain whether optical meorology measurement techniques would be able to identify and correlate dynamic operating scenarios with the source of the pump and pipe hardware issues experienced in these Heavy Vacuum Gas Oil (HVGO) pump systems. The influence of the casing thickness and stiffness on the resulting vibration characteristics was investigated by using FEA and operational testing and dynamic analysis. Increasing the interface web thickness results in notable reduction in deformation. Comparison of the results of the live testing against the initial design was performed and studied for remedial action. Materials and heat treatment options were also evaluated and reported. The three-dimensional turbulent flow was modelled and analyzed. The application of those tools for this type of problem are described along with the other rigorous techniques employed. The range of tools included modal and vibration analysis, thermography, rotor and shaft dynamics, baseplate, frame, metallurgical analysis and ultimately compared with FEA, pipe stress modelling and strain analysis. This paper should be read in conjunction with PVP 2020-21204; Piping & Equipment Dynamics of High Rate HVGO Pumps.
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Micheli, Marco, Wolfgang Kappis, Gianfranco Guidati, and Markus Felderhoff. "Compressor Design From Specification to Validation: Application of a Fast and Reliable Process." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59217.
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To support customer requirements for existing power plants inside the Service business Alstom did develop over the years a fast and reliable design process for compressors. This has meanwhile been proven with several engines. Besides high-end technologies, main focus is given on the interdisciplinary alignment. The application for an upgraded product for the mature fleet will be briefly shown. The blading re-design is based on Controlled Diffusion Airfoil (CDA) technology, individually optimized for every single blade row. Together with mechanically optimized thin blades this results in high compressor efficiency and surge margin. The CDA blading technology has been introduced in Alstom during 1990s. Therefore extended experience on this technology is available and has been manifested in design rules & criteria. The interdisciplinary blading concept and optimization is done with in-house 2D & 3D CFD codes for aerodynamics and FEM codes for mechanical integrity. To speed-up the design process, task-optimized tools are used for specific topics. All tools are linked into a design system and have an interface to a CAM system. Aerodynamic and FEM codes have been tuned/well-calibrated according to the past experience. A review process with experts is applied at certain milestones for technical and commercial issues. During blading design usually several disciplines are involved. This causes a challenge to organize the corresponding resources. Alstom uses a different approach: tasks are partly executed independent from the disciplines with standard tools. Nevertheless the final release stays inside the ownership of the expert discipline. This means e.g. that simplified tools are developed for pre-checks to be done by any discipline and the final check with high-end tools is done by the experts. This ensures a highly flexible and fast interdisciplinary approach. To validate the design and operation range of the upgraded compressors special attention is paid on testing. This reveals usually in a pre-test for the baseline engine and a post-test for the upgraded engine. For validation purposes a full compressor mapping under load and idle is done for both test series. Additional measurements for pressure rise inside the engine and validation of natural frequencies and stresses to certain blades is applied. The evaluation of the measurement data is used to confirm the improved compressor design and to check achievement of guaranteed performance figures. In addition the surge margin is measured to confirm that the upgraded compressor can be safely operated under all condition.
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Huang, Hao, Qian Jiang, Abhijit Dasgupta, Ehsan Mirbagheri, and Krishna Darbha. "Creep Response of Assemblies Bonded With Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA)." In ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2018-8345.
Full textAbstract:
Creep response of joints bonded with single-layered pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) was investigated in this study. PSAs are becoming more and more popular in the electronic industry as bonding media because of their ease of design, fast accurate bonding, environmentally-friendly bonding and ease of reworking. Such adhesive bonds are expected to experience complex, sustained loading conditions in service; e.g. loading due to large mass components, shock, temperature, or alignment mismatch of substrates. Stress-strain behavior of PSA bonding assembly has been extensively studied through experiments and simulations, including the effects of loading conditions (loading rate and temperature), PSA configurations (thickness of adhesive and single/double-layered PSAs), and bonding substrate surface properties (substrate material and surface roughness). However, the literature regarding the creep response of PSA-bonded assemblies is lacking and there is no literature on modeling methodologies for the creep response of such bonding systems. Similar to the stress-strain behavior of PSA-bonded assemblies, the creep response includes transitions between multiple hardening and softening phases. Experimental results indicate that the secondary creep rate can change by up to two orders of magnitude after each transition, which is too significant to ignore when estimating the creep deformation of joints bonded with this material system. The number of transitions is related to the configuration of the PSA system, i.e. the single-layered PSA has one transition while double-layers PSAs may have multiple transitions due to the additional interface(s) introduced by the carrier layer. This unique secondary creep behavior comes from the competition between hydrostatic stress relaxation and strain hardening, caused by cavitation and fibrillation processes, respectively. The total stress applied on the joint is equal to the summation of deviatoric stress and hydrostatic stress. An advanced model based on the stress-strain ‘block’ model [5–7] is developed for evaluating the creep response. This model has the capability to control the initiation and growth of cavities in the bulk of the PSA and at the interface between PSA and substrate. This model is able to capture the nonlinear visco-plastic behavior of the PSA fibrils and estimate the effects of flexible carrier layer on the transitions in creep curves. The model prediction shows reasonable agreement with experimental results in terms of the characteristic features in creep strain histories.