Journal articles: 'Interface circuits'

1

Zhao, Xue Mei. "Realization of Serial Port Expansion Circuit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 1597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.1597.

Full text

Abstract:

This article describes the design of a interface chip with serial port expansion circuit of computer in industrial applications. It is used to connect with 422 and RS232 interfaces. Circuits involved several major chip such as the interface of 422 and RS232 and UART(Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter)16C550 Inside the computer. Paper describes the composition of the hardware circuit, theory and implementation and initialization programming of URAT interface chip. We use interface chip with the FIFO to the circuit, It improves the efficiency of the application software, And it solves the problem of insufficient of computer serial port.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Zhang, Bin, Hongsheng Liu, Shengxi Zhou, and Jun Gao. "A review of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuits in discrete components." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 43, no. 7 (July 2022): 1001–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10483-022-2863-6.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractPiezoelectric energy harvesting is considered as an ideal power resource for low-power consumption gadgets in vibrational environments. The energy extraction efficiency depends highly on the interface circuit, and should be highly improved to meet the power requirements. The nonlinear interface circuits in discrete components have been extensively explored and developed with the advantages of easy implementation, stable operation, high efficiency, and low cost. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art progress of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuits in discrete components. First, the working principles and the advantages/disadvantages of four classical interface circuits are described. Then, the improved circuits based on the four typical circuits and other types of circuits are introduced in detail, and the advantages/disadvantages, output power, efficiency, energy consumption, and practicability of these circuits are analyzed. Finally, the future development trends of nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvesting circuits, e.g., self-powered extraction, low-power consumption, and broadband characteristic, are predicted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Pawase, Ramesh, and N. P. Futane. "MEMS Seismic Sensor with FPAA Based Interface Circuit for Frequency-Drift Compensation using ANN." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 6, no. 2 (May 28, 2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v6.i2.pp120-126.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>Electrochemical MEMS seismic sensor is limited by its non-ideality of frequency dependent characteristics hence interface circuits for compensation is necessary. The conventional compensation circuits are limited by high power consumption, bulky external hardware circuitry. In these methods digital circuits are also limited by inherent analog to digital conversion and vice versa which consumes significant power, acquires more size and limits speed. A Field programmable analog array (FPAA) overcomes these limitations and gives fast, simple and user friendly development platform with less development speed comparable to ASIC. Recently FPAA becoming popular for rapid prototyping. The proposed system presents FPAA (Anadigm AN231E04) based hardware implementation of ANN model. Using this FPAA based compensation circuit, the error in frequency drift have been minimized in the range of 3.68% to about 0.64% as compared to ANN simulated results in the range of 23.07% to 0.99 %. This single neuron consumes of power of 206.62 mW. and has minimum block wise resource utilization. The proposed hardware uses all analog blocks which remove the requirement of ADC and DAC reducing significant power and size of interface circuit. This work gives the SMART MEMS seismic sensor with reliable output and ANN based intelligent interface circuit implemented in FPAA hardware.<strong></strong></p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Liang, Junrui. "Synchronized bias-flip interface circuits for piezoelectric energy harvesting enhancement: A general model and prospects." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16642535.

Full text

Abstract:

Piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) systems, as a kind of electromechanically coupled system, are composed of two essential parts: the piezoelectric structure and the power conditioning interface circuit. Previous studies have shown that the energy harvesting capability of a piezoelectric generator can be greatly enhanced by up to several hundred percent by using synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) interface circuits, the most extensively investigated family of synchronized bias-flip interface circuits. After SSHI, some other bias-flip circuit topologies, which utilize active approaches for PEH enhancement, have been proposed sporadically. Yet, how active is active enough for harvesting as much energy as possible was not clear. This paper answers this question through the generalization and derivation of existing bias-flip solutions. The study starts by analyzing the energy flow in existing featured interface circuits, including the standard energy harvesting (bridge rectifier) circuit, parallel-SSHI, series-SSHI, pre-biasing/energy injection/energy investment scheme, etc. A synchronized multiple bias-flip (SMBF) model, which generalizes the bias-flip control and summarizes the energy details in these circuits, is then proposed. Based on the topological and mathematical abstraction, the optimal bias-flip (OBF) strategy towards maximum harvesting capability is derived. A case study on the series synchronized double bias-flip (S-S2BF) circuit shows that the potential of the PEH interface circuits can be fully released by using the OBF strategy. The proposed SMBF model and OBF strategy set the theoretical foundation and provide a new insight for future circuit innovations towards more powerful PEH systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Kumagai, Masaaki, and Takashi Emura. "Development of a Universal Interface Board and its Application to Robot Controllers and Signal Processors." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 16, no. 2 (April 20, 2004): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2004.p0200.

Full text

Abstract:

Multipurpose digital interface boards for the PCI bus were designed for robot controllers. They used a programmable logic device reconfigured for internal circuits. The user plugs the board in, then downloads circuit data to obtain various interfaces. Optional modules such as analog front ends and support software also were developed. The board enables rapid prototyping and flexible use of high-speed digital circuits. Three applications of the board — robot interfaces of DC servomotors for a walking robot, high-speed digital signal processing for a motion capture system, and pipelined image processing units — showed the effectiveness of the board.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Tselegkaridis, Sokratis, Theodosios Sapounidis, and Dimitrios Papakostas. "Learning Circuits and Coding with Arduino Board in Higher Education Using Tangible and Graphical User Interfaces." Information 15, no. 5 (April 24, 2024): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info15050245.

Full text

Abstract:

The integration of the Arduino board into educational settings has penetrated across various educational levels. The teaching of this subject can be accomplished by (a) using real components in breadboards, (b) prefabricated modular boards that snap together, and (c) utilizing computer simulations. Yet, it is unknown which interface offers a more effective learning experience. Therefore, this experimental study aims to compare the effectiveness of these interfaces in a series of three laboratory exercises involving 110 university students, who were divided into three groups: (a) the first group used a tangible user interface, implementing circuits on breadboards, (b) the second group also used a tangible interface but with modular boards, and (c) the third group used a graphical user interface to simulate circuits using Tinkercad. For each laboratory exercise, students completed both pretests and posttests. Also, they provided feedback through five Likert-type attitude questions regarding their experiences. In terms of data analysis, t-tests, ANOVA, and ANCOVA, along with bootstrapping, and principal component analysis were employed. The results suggest that among the participants, those who used a graphical user interface stated that their understanding of the interconnection of components in microcontroller circuits was enhanced, while students with previous experience in microcontroller labs found the circuit creation process easier than students without experience.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Liu, Haili, Rui Hua, Yang Lu, Ya Wang, Emre Salman, and Junrui Liang. "Boosting the efficiency of a footstep piezoelectric-stack energy harvester using the synchronized switch technology." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 6 (February 8, 2019): 813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19828512.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article, the self-supported power conditioning circuits are studied for a footstep energy harvester, which consists of a monolithic multilayer piezoelectric stack with a force amplification frame to extract electricity from human walking locomotion. Based on the synchronized switch harvesting on inductance (SSHI) technology, the power conditioning circuits are designed to optimize the power flow from the piezoelectric stack to the energy storage device under real-time human walking excitation instead of a simple sine waveform input, as reported in most literatures. The unique properties of human walking locomotion and multilayer piezoelectric stack both impose complications for circuit design. Three common interface circuits, for example, standard energy harvesting circuit, series-SSHI, and parallel-SSHI, are compared in terms of their output power to find the best candidate for the real-time-footstep energy harvester. Experimental results show that the use of parallel-SSHI circuit interface produces 74% more power than the standard energy harvesting counterpart, while the use of series-SSHI circuit demonstrates a similar performance in comparison to the standard energy harvesting interface. The reasons for such a huge efficiency improvement using the parallel-SSHI interface are detailed in this article.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ning, Yongkai, Jiangfei Guo, Yangchen Jia, Duosheng Li, and Guiliang Guo. "A Fast Interface Circuit for the Measurement of 10 Ω to 1 GΩ Resistance." Electronics 12, no. 18 (September 8, 2023): 3796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12183796.

Full text

Abstract:

In this work, an interface circuit applied to resistive gas or chemical sensors is proposed. The interface circuit includes a detection front-end, a single-end to differential circuit, a successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC), and some reference auxiliary circuits. In detection front-end circuits, mirrored currents in a current mirror usually differ by several orders of magnitude. In order to ensure that the current mirror can be copied accurately, this work uses a negative feedback structure consisting of an operational amplifier and an NMOS tube to ensure that the VDS of the current mirroring tube remains consistent. Simulation results show that the replication error of the current mirror is 0.015%. The proposed interface circuit has a detection range of 10 Ω to 1 GΩ with a relative error of 0.55%. The current multiplication or divided technique allows the interface circuit to have a high sampling frequency of up to 10 kHz. The proposed circuit is based on a 180 nm CMOS process with a chip area of 0.308 mm2 (723 μm ∗ 426 μm). The power consumption of the whole interface circuit is 3.66 mW when the power supply voltage is 1.8 V.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Yun, Eun Jeong, Jong Tae Park, and Chong Gun Yu. "An maximum power point tracking interface circuit for low-voltage DC-type energy harvesting sources." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 3108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i6.4124.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) interface circuit for low-voltage DC-type energy harvesting sources such as light and thermal energy. Most energy harvesting systems used in miniature-sized sensor systems require start-up circuits because the output voltages of small-sized energy transducers are very low and not enough to directly power electronic systems. The proposed interface circuit is driven directly by the low output voltages of small size energy transducers, eliminating the need for complex start-up circuitry. A simple MPPT controller with the fractional open-circuit voltage (FOCV) method is designed and fabricated in a 65-nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Measurement results show that the designed circuit can track the MPP voltage even in the presence of the open-circuit voltage fluctuations and can operate properly at operating voltages as low as 0.3 V. The interface circuit achieves a peak power efficiency of 97.1% and an MPPT accuracy of over 98.3%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Tang, Wei Feng, An Ping Qiu, Guo Ming Xia, and Yan Su. "Noise Analysis of Silicon Microgyroscope's Transimpedance Amplifier Interface Circuit." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.624.

Full text

Abstract:

The output-current of silicon microgyroscope is at the level of 10-7A. So the requirements for circuits’ SNR are very high. This paper proposes a method to improve transimpedance amplifier interface circuit’s SNR. First of all, the operating principles of silicon microgyroscope and transimpedance amplifier interface circuit are introduced. Secondly, resistor thermal noise, amplifier’s current and voltage noise are analyzed. Then noise density in a certain frequency range is calculated based on Matlab. Besides, a method to improve SNR is proposed, namely, increasing the value of DC offset resistance. Finally, simulation based on Cadence is operated to verify the method. Simulation results fit well with the theoretical analysis. That means the method to improve the SNR is feasible.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

G S, Nisarga, Dr Punith Kumar M B, Dr Mahesh, and M. Subramanyam. "Comparative Research of Neuron Circuits." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 4121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45944.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: Spiking neurons can be implemented in hardware, for example, to model large neural systems, simulate real-time behaviour, and interface bi-directionally between brains and machines. Circuit solutions used to implement silicon neuron circuits depend on the application requirements. Various neuron circuits are presented in this thesis, including spike-event generators (Axon Hillock neuron circuits), above-threshold neuron circuits (Quadratic Integrate and Fire neuron circuits), and differential pair integrator circuits. Cadence's tool simulates these circuits using 180nm technology. Comparing these circuits is based on their working properties and simulation results, and their features are demonstrated with experiments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Machida, Toshiaki. "High Performance Bus Interface Circuits." Journal of SHM 12, no. 2 (1996): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5104/jiep1993.12.2_14.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Žemva, Andrej, Andrej Trost, and Baldomir Zajc. "Educational Programmable System for Prototyping Digital Circuits." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 35, no. 3 (July 1998): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002072099803500306.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we present an educational programmable system for prototyping digital circuits. The system is composed of the PC and the prototyping board composed of 3 FPGAs. PC is used for designing a digital circuit, programming the FPGAs, automatic generation of the interface logic and hardware verification of the designed circuit.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Foss, R. C., and A. L. Silburt. "The interface between device and circuit design." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 699–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-108.

Full text

Abstract:

A proper understanding of transistor and other circuit-element behavior is critical in the design process of integrated circuits intended for high-volume production or exacting performance standards. Models of such elements are a key ingredient in the circuit-simulation task, which provides design-verification feedback to chip designers. Failures in this process can have costly consequences. Much of the effort put into modelling work contributes very little to real needs as practical failures are usually at the much more gross level of user input or program-coding problems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Young, Douglas T. "Determining Charge Stored on a Capacitor Using Numerical Integration with a Spreadsheet." Physics Teacher 61, no. 1 (January 2023): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0077442.

Full text

Abstract:

Experiments involving RC circuits are an integral part of introductory physics courses. Previous articles using RC circuits describe determining the charge on a Van de Graaff generator, measuring currents and voltages in a charging RC circuit using a multimeter or an Arduino, measuring the decay constants of complex RC circuits, and using the Pasco ScienceWorkshop 750 Interface to examine various physical properties of capacitors. In this paper, I will show how to determine the capacitance of a capacitor charged with a battery of known voltage using an RC circuit and numerical integration performed on a spreadsheet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Yan, Rong Ge, Li Hua Zhu, and Qing Xin Yang. "Signal Processing of Giant Magnetostritive Force Sensors." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.988.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on the analysis of the principle of giant magnetostrictive force sensor, the signal processing system of the sensor has been designed. First, this paper designs manual and automatic working mode for the giant magnetostrictive force sensor. Using SCM as a micro-controller, its peripheral interface circuits hardware system have been designed, including signal amplification circuit, analog to digital (A/D) conversion interface circuit, LED display interface circuit, determinant keyboard input interface circuit and imposing force control circuit. This system is able to display the numerical value of the imposed force. The software of the whole system is designed. Experiments are conducted to show that the signal processing system works well, which is important to practical application of the giant magnetostritive force sensor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Hu, Jianping, Dong Zhou, Ling Wang, and Huiying Dong. "Low-power interface circuits between adiabatic and standard CMOS circuits." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 60, no. 1-2 (August 15, 2008): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-008-9203-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Hidalgo-López, José A., Óscar Oballe-Peinado, Julián Castellanos-Ramos, and José A. Sánchez-Durán. "Two-Capacitor Direct Interface Circuit for Resistive Sensor Measurements." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041524.

Full text

Abstract:

Direct interface circuits (DICs) avoid the need for signal conditioning circuits and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to obtain digital measurements of resistive sensors using only a few passive elements. However, such simple hardware can lead to quantization errors when measuring small resistance values as well as high measurement times and uncertainties for high resistances. Different solutions to some of these problems have been presented in the literature over recent years, although the increased uncertainty in measurements at higher resistance values is a problem that has remained unaddressed. This article presents an economical hardware solution that only requires an extra capacitor to reduce this problem. The circuit is implemented with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as a programmable digital device. The new proposal significantly reduces the uncertainty in the time measurements. As a result, the high resistance errors decreased by up to 90%. The circuit requires three capacitor discharge cycles, as is needed in a classic DIC. Therefore, the time to estimate resistance increases slightly, between 2.7% and 4.6%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Le, T. T., J. Han, A. V. Jouanne, K. Mayaram, and T. S. Fiez. "Piezoelectric Micro-Power Generation Interface Circuits." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 41, no. 6 (June 2006): 1411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2006.874286.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Reverter, Ferran. "Power Consumption in Direct Interface Circuits." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 62, no. 2 (February 2013): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2216473.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Lavagno, L., and A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli. "Automated synthesis of asynchronous interface circuits." Microprocessors and Microsystems 17, no. 4 (May 1993): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-9331(93)90021-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Shenshin, Vasily A., Camille Lescanne, Guillaume Gines, and Yannick Rondelez. "A small-molecule chemical interface for molecular programs." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 7765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab470.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In vitro molecular circuits, based on DNA-programmable chemistries, can perform an increasing range of high-level functions, such as molecular level computation, image or chemical pattern recognition and pattern generation. Most reported demonstrations, however, can only accept nucleic acids as input signals. Real-world applications of these programmable chemistries critically depend on strategies to interface them with a variety of non-DNA inputs, in particular small biologically relevant chemicals. We introduce here a general strategy to interface DNA-based circuits with non-DNA signals, based on input-translating modules. These translating modules contain a DNA response part and an allosteric protein sensing part, and use a simple design that renders them fully tunable and modular. They can be repurposed to either transmit or invert the response associated with the presence of a given input. By combining these translating-modules with robust and leak-free amplification motifs, we build sensing circuits that provide a fluorescent quantitative time-response to the concentration of their small-molecule input, with good specificity and sensitivity. The programmability of the DNA layer can be leveraged to perform DNA based signal processing operations, which we demonstrate here with logical inversion, signal modulation and a classification task on two inputs. The DNA circuits are also compatible with standard biochemical conditions, and we show the one-pot detection of an enzyme through its native metabolic activity. We anticipate that this sensitive small-molecule-to-DNA conversion strategy will play a critical role in the future applications of molecular-level circuitry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Xu, Yunsong, Shen Yin, Jinyong Yu, and Hamid Reza Karimi. "Design of a TFT-LCD Based Digital Automobile Instrument." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/549790.

Full text

Abstract:

The traditional mechanical instrument lacks the ability to satisfy the market with characters of favorable compatibility, easy upgrading, and fashion. Thus the design of a TFT-LCD (thin film transistor-liquid crystal display) based automobile instrument is carried out. With a 7-inch TFT-LCD and the 32-bit microcontroller MB91F599, the instrument could process various information generated by other electronic control units (ECUs) of a vehicle and display valuable driving parameters on the 7-inch TFT-LCD. The function of aided parking is also provided by the instrument. Basic principles to be obeyed in circuits designing under on-board environment are first pointed out. Then the paper analyzes the signals processed in the automobile instrument and gives an introduction to the sampling circuits and interfaces related to these signals. Following this is the functional categorizing of the circuit modules, such as video buffer circuit, CAN bus interface circuit, and TFT-LCD drive circuit. Additionally, the external EEPROM stores information of the vehicle for history data query, and the external FLASH enables the display of high quality figures. On the whole, the accomplished automobile instrument meets the requirements of automobile instrument markets with its characters of low cost, favorable compatibility, friendly interfaces, and easy upgrading.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Boyle, Martin, and Ian Baldwin. "Understanding the Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Circuit for Acute Renal Failure Support." AACN Advanced Critical Care 21, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/nci.0b013e3181f95673.

Full text

Abstract:

Delivery of renal replacement therapy is now a core competency of intensive care nursing. The safe and effective delivery of this form of therapy is a quality issue for intensive care, requiring an understanding of the principles underlying therapy and the functioning of machines used. Continuous hemofiltration, first described in 1977, used a system where blood flowed from arterial to venous cannulas through a small-volume, low-resistance, and high-flux filter. Monitoring of these early systems was limited, and without a machine interface, less nursing expertise was required. Current continuous renal replacement therapy machines offer user-friendly interfaces, cassette-style circuits, and comprehensive circuit diagnostics and monitoring. Although these machines conceal complexity behind a user-friendly interface, it remains important that nurses have sufficient knowledge for their use and the ability to compare and contrast circuit setups and functions for optimal and efficient treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Khan, Wilayat, Farrukh Aslam Khan, Abdelouahid Derhab, and Adi Alhudhaif. "CoCEC: An Automatic Combinational Circuit Equivalence Checker Based on the Interactive Theorem Prover." Complexity 2021 (May 25, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5525539.

Full text

Abstract:

Checking the equivalence of two Boolean functions, or combinational circuits modeled as Boolean functions, is often desired when reliable and correct hardware components are required. The most common approaches to equivalence checking are based on simulation and model checking, which are constrained due to the popular memory and state explosion problems. Furthermore, such tools are often not user-friendly, thereby making it tedious to check the equivalence of large formulas or circuits. An alternative is to use mathematical tools, called interactive theorem provers, to prove the equivalence of two circuits; however, this requires human effort and expertise to write multiple output functions and carry out interactive proof of their equivalence. In this paper, we (1) define two simple, one formal and the other informal, gate-level hardware description languages, (2) design and develop a formal automatic combinational circuit equivalence checker (CoCEC) tool, and (3) test and evaluate our tool. The tool CoCEC is based on human-assisted theorem prover Coq, yet it checks the equivalence of circuit descriptions purely automatically through a human-friendly user interface. It either returns a machine-readable proof (term) of circuits’ equivalence or a counterexample of their inequality. The interface enables users to enter or load two circuit descriptions written in an easy and natural style. It automatically proves, in few seconds, the equivalence of circuits with as many as 45 variables (3.5 × 10 13 states). CoCEC has a mathematical foundation, and it is reliable, quick, and easy to use. The tool is intended to be used by digital logic circuit designers, logicians, students, and faculty during the digital logic design course.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Liew Hui Fang, Rosemizi Abd Rahim, Muhammad Izuan Fahmi, Junita Mohd Nordin, and Aini Syuhada Md Zain. "Review of Active Circuit and Passive Circuit Techniques to Improve the Performance of Highly Efficient Energy Harvesting Systems." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 31, no. 1 (June 13, 2023): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.31.1.271290.

Full text

Abstract:

In piezoelectric energy harvesting systems, energy harvesting circuits are the interface between piezoelectric devices and electrical loads. The conventional view of this interface is based on the concept of impedance matching. In fact, in the power supply circuit can also apply as an electrical boundary conditions, such as voltage and charge, to piezoelectric devices for each energy conversion cycle. The major drawback of piezoelectric power harvesting have low-power relationships in systems within (in the range of μW to mW), then system also have significantly reduced any potential losses in circuits that make up the EH system, whereas other condition into careful selection of circuits and components can enhanced the energy harvesting performance and electricity consumption. In the study of energy harvesting systems, it is an energy harvesting system approach that using active and passive electronic circuit to control voltage and or charge on piezoelectric devices as proposed and review to mechanical inputs for optimized energy conversion. Several factors in the practical limitation of active and passive energy consumption, due to device limitations and the power efficiency of electronic circuits, will be introduced and have played an important role into to enhance optimum and increase efficiency of energy harvesting system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Feng, Cang Xu, Zhen Shui Liu, and Xiao Cui. "Hardware Design of a New Instrument to Control the Heat Pulse and Measure the Temperature of Stratum." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1422.

Full text

Abstract:

In this work, we report the design of a new instrument including one heat pulse circuit and three temperature measure circuits. Heat pulse control circuit can control the heating time of heater strip. The heating power is 0.5W and the duty time of every heat pulse is 8s. Three temperature measure circuits can measure the change of stratum’s temperature before and after accurately. The temperature resolution is 0.001°C, precision is 0.01°C and sampling rate is 1 Hz. The instrument can save the temperature data for every measure process. It is also provided with the data communication interface. The data saved in the instrument can export to computer through the interface. The instrument can measure the stratum’s temperature easily and reliably. The instrument will play a role in the studies of hydrogeology and environmental geology besides the application of Shallow Geothermal heat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Stornelli, Vincenzo, Leonardo Pantoli, Gianluca Barile, Alfiero Leoni, and Emanuele D’Amico. "Silicon Photomultiplier Sensor Interface Based on a Discrete Second Generation Voltage Conveyor." Sensors 20, no. 7 (April 5, 2020): 2042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072042.

Full text

Abstract:

This work presents the design of a discrete second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) and its capability to be used as electronic interface for silicon photomultipliers. The design addressed here exploits directly at the transistor level, with commercial components, the proposed interface; the obtained performance is valuable considering both the discrete elements and the application. The architecture adopted here realizes a transimpedance amplifier that is also able to drive very high input impedance, as usually requested by photons detection. Schematic and circuital design of the discrete second-generation voltage conveyor is presented and discussed. The complete circuit interface requires a bias current of 20 mA with a dual 5V supply voltage; it has a useful bandwidth of about 106 MHz, and considering also the reduced dimensions, it is a good candidate to be used in portable applications without the need of high-cost dedicated integrated circuits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Liu, Qing, Heming Wang, Fangxu Lyu, Geng Zhang, and Dongbin Lyu. "A Low-Latency, Low-Jitter Retimer Circuit for PCIe 6.0." Electronics 12, no. 14 (July 17, 2023): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12143102.

Full text

Abstract:

As the PCIe 6.0 specification places higher requirements on signal integrity and transmission latency, it becomes especially important to improve signal transmission performance at the physical layer of the transceiver interface. Retimer circuits are a key component of high-speed serial interfaces, and their delay and jitter size directly affect the overall performance of PCIe. For the typical retimer circuit with large-latency and low-jitter performance, this paper proposes a low-latency and low-jitter Retimer circuit based on CDR + PLL architecture for PCIe 6.0, using a jitter-canceling filter circuit to eliminate the frequency difference between the retiming clock and data, reduce the retiming clock jitter, and improve the quality of Retimer output data. The data are sampled using the retiming clock and then output, avoiding the problem of large penetration latency of typical retimer circuits. The circuit is designed using the CMOS 28 nm process. Simulation results show that when 112 Gbps PAM4 data are input to the retimer circuit, the Retimer penetration latency is 27.3 ps, which is 83.5% lower than the typical Retimer structure; the output jitter data are 741 fs, a 31.4% reduction compared to the typical retimer structure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ahn, Tae Jun, Sung Kyu Lim, and Yun Seop Yu. "Monolithic 3D Inverter with Interface Charge: Parameter Extraction and Circuit Simulation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 12151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112412151.

Full text

Abstract:

We have simulated a monolithic three-dimensional inverter (M3DINV) structure by considering the interfacial trap charges generated thermally during the monolithic three-dimensional integration process. We extracted the SPICE model parameters from M3DINV structures with two types of inter-layer dielectric thickness TILD (=10,100 nm) using the extracted interface trap charge distribution of the previous study. Logic circuits, such as inverters (INVs), ring oscillators (ROs), a 2 to 1 multiplexer (MUX), and D flip-flop and 6-transistor static random-access memory (6T SRAM) containing M3DINVs, were simulated using the extracted model parameters, and simulation results both with and without interface trap charges were compared. The extracted model parameters reflected current reduction, threshold voltage increase, and subthreshold swing (SS) degradation due to the interface trap charge. HSPICE simulation results of the fanout-3 (FO3) ring oscillator considering the interface trap charges showed a 20% reduction in frequency and a 30% increase in propagation delay compared to those without the interface trap charges. The propagation delays of the 2 × 1 MUX and D flip-flop with the interface trap charges were approximately 78.2 and 39.6% greater, respectively, than those without the interface trap charges. The retention static noise margin (SNM) of the SRAM increased by 16 mV (6.4%) and the read static noise margin (SNM) of SRAM decreased by 43 mV (35.8%) owing to the interface trap charge. The circuit simulation results revealed that the propagation delay increases owing to the interface trap charges. Therefore, it is necessary to fully consider the propagation delay of the logic circuit due to the generated interface trap charges when designing monolithic 3D integrated circuits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Manukyan, Vahram K. "Software applications in modeling of physical processes in radio engineering and electronics in the context of distance learning." Physics of Wave Processes and Radio Systems 24, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18469/1810-3189.2021.24.1.89-97.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the existing software applications for electronic circuit prototyping that can help evaluate the operation of the entire circuit based on specified parameters and find the best options. Using the TAC application and the Arduino library components, projects and instructions for creating and testing electronic circuits were developed. The resulting application was tested for capabilities and efficiency. The interface design and settings were also assessed to determine whether they simulate real conditions. The functionality of TAC application made it possible to generate alternate circuits. The results of software testing showed that using the application speeds up the learning process significantly when compared to traditional methods and helps eliminate problems that may emerge when designing and assembling circuits. The application may be useful in designing complex electronic circuits and developing teaching aids for students in technical fields.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

LITOVSKI, VANČO B., MIONA V. ANDREJEVIĆ, PREDRAG M. PETKOVIĆ, and ROBERT I. DAMPER. "ANN APPLICATION TO MODELING OF THE D/A AND A/D INTERFACE FOR MIXED-MODE BEHAVIORAL SIMULATION." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 13, no. 01 (February 2004): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126604001325.

Full text

Abstract:

Artificial neural networks are applied for modeling the input and output circuits of the digital part of the digital–analog and analog–digital interface, respectively, in CMOS mixed-mode circuits. The generalization property of the neural networks is exploited to apply the models in a set of previously unknown situations, the most important being loading the model generated from the unloaded circuit. The models developed are applicable in mixed-signal behavioral simulations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Hasegawa, Daiki, Yuto Takeshita, Feng Li, Kyosuke Sano, Masamitsu Tanaka, Taro Yamashita, and Akira Fujimaki. "Demonstration of Interface Circuits Between Half- and Single- Flux- Quantum Circuits." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 31, no. 5 (August 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2021.3072846.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Huang, Yang-Hui, Qing-Yuan Zhao, Shi Chen, Hao Hao, Hui Wang, Jia-Wei Guo, Xue-Cou Tu, et al. "Splitter trees of superconducting nanowire cryotrons for large fan-out." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 9 (February 27, 2023): 092601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0139791.

Full text

Abstract:

A fan-out circuit is a basic block for scaling up digital circuits for overcoming the limited driving capability of a single logic gate. It is particularly important for superconducting digital circuits as the driving power is typically weak for having high energy efficiency. Here, we design and fabricate a fan-out circuit for a superconducting nanowire cryotron (nTron) digital circuit. A classic splitter tree architecture is adopted. To transmit switching signal and avoid crosstalk among nTrons, we introduced an “R–L–R” interface circuit. Experimentally, a two-stage splitter tree of a fan-out number of four was demonstrated. Correct operation was observed with a minimum bit error rate (BER) of 10−6. The bias margin was 10% at BER of 10−4. The average time jitter was 82 ps. Moreover, crosstalk was not observed. Based on these results, we envision that the fan-out circuit can be used in future development of superconducting-nanowire-based circuits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Din, M. Omar, Aida Martin, Ivan Razinkov, Nicholas Csicsery, and Jeff Hasty. "Interfacing gene circuits with microelectronics through engineered population dynamics." Science Advances 6, no. 21 (May 2020): eaaz8344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz8344.

Full text

Abstract:

While there has been impressive progress connecting bacterial behavior with electrodes, an attractive observation to facilitate advances in synthetic biology is that the growth of a bacterial colony can be determined from impedance changes over time. Here, we interface synthetic biology with microelectronics through engineered population dynamics that regulate the accumulation of charged metabolites. We demonstrate electrical detection of the bacterial response to heavy metals via a population control circuit. We then implement this approach to a synchronized genetic oscillator where we obtain an oscillatory impedance profile from engineered bacteria. We lastly miniaturize an array of electrodes to form “bacterial integrated circuits” and demonstrate its applicability as an interface with genetic circuits. This approach paves the way for new advances in synthetic biology, analytical chemistry, and microelectronic technologies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Gómez-Ramírez, Emmanuel, L. Maeda-Nunez, Luis Álvarez-Simón, and F. Flores-García. "A Highly Robust Interface Circuit for Resistive Sensors." Electronics 8, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030263.

Full text

Abstract:

The signal from a resistive sensor must be converted into a digital signal to be compatible with a computer through an interface circuit. Resistance-to-Period converter, used as interface, is preferred if the resistance variations are very large. This paper presents the structure of an interface circuit for resistive sensors that is highly robust to component and power supply variations. Robustness is achieved by using the ratiometric approach, thus complex circuits or highly accurate voltage references are not necessary. To validate the proposed approach, a prototype was implemented using discrete components. Measurements were carried out considering a variation of ±35% in the single supply voltage and a range from 1 k Ω to 1 M Ω .

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Ye, Ming, Shaoguang Hu, Rui Wang, Yong Zhang, and Yongning He. "Microwave Corona Breakdown Suppression of Microstrip Coupled-Line Filter Using Lacquer Coating." Electronics 13, no. 15 (July 24, 2024): 2910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13152910.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to its potential harm to space payload, microwave corona breakdown of microstrip circuits has attracted much attention. This work describes an efficient way to suppress corona breakdown. Since the corona breakdown threshold is determined by the highest electric field intensity at the surface of microstrip circuits, lacquer coating with a thickness of tens of microns is sprayed on top of microstrip circuits. The applied dielectric coating is used to move the discharge location away from the circuit’s surface, which is equivalent to reducing the highest electric field intensity on the interface of solid/air of the circuit and thus results in a higher breakdown threshold. Two designs of a classic coupled-line bandpass filter were used for verification. Corona experimental results at 2.5 GHz show that in the low-pressure range of interest (100 to 4500 Pa), a 5.3 dB improvement of the microwave corona breakdown threshold can be achieved for a filter with a narrowest gap of 0.2 mm, while its electrical performances like insertion loss and Q-factor are still acceptable. A threshold improvement prediction method is also presented and validated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Li, Li, and Ji Jun Zhang. "Analysis the Interface of Amplifier in GPON System by PSpice." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 3833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.3833.

Full text

Abstract:

Model help to understand the system there may be a signal reflection and impedance matching problem. Most fiber integrated circuits from Maxim use Current Mode Logic (CML), Positive Emitter Coupled Logic (PECL), and Low Voltage Differential Signal (LVDS) I/O formats. Language can be set up through the PSpice circuit model of the IC, with an ideal voltage controlled current source of alternative sources and active circuit elements. And the use of spice macro-model simulation to test the circuit performance of the chip interface design. In this paper, it takes the model of amplifier IC in GPON receiver front-end for example to shows the steps and importance of interface simulation in GPON system by PSpice macro-model.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Chen, Yuansheng, Lichen Tong, Jianzhou Du, Hongli Ji, and Pengcheng Zhao. "An SSHC Interface Circuit for Energy Harvesting of Piezoelectric Flags." Actuators 11, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11070175.

Full text

Abstract:

Piezoelectric flags have functions of both classic flags and energy harvesting, and are becoming a new research focus. Interface circuits that convert wind energy to electrical energy are the key component of piezoelectric flags. A new structure for piezoelectric flags was designed to generate vibration by wind induction. After theoretical analysis, only SEH (standard energy harvesting) and SSHC (synchronized switch-harvesting-on capacitors) interface circuits were found suitable for piezoelectric flags. Simulation in Multisim was performed to compare SEH and SSHC in different load resistance. Experiments were carried out using different wind speeds. The on-time and delay-time of each switch were controlled by the proposed control algorithm. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that the output voltage with SSHC is higher than the output voltage with SEH. When the resistance is 1700 kΩ and the wind speed is 24 m/s, the output power of SSHC can be increased by 45.63% compared with the SEH circuit.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Belforte, Guido, and Gabriella Eula. "Optopneumatic Interface for Controlling Pneumatic Power Circuits." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 10, no. 6 (December 20, 1998): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1998.p0528.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a study of an optopneumatic interface integrated with a pressure amplifier stage. The interface works using photothermicity to generate a weak pressure signal in its control chambers. In photothermicity, infrared light strikes a black body a few microns thick, increasing the temperature of the black body and air close to it. If this air is in the control chamber of the optopneumatic interface, its expansion generates a pressure control signal, amplified to make it suitable for common low/high commercial pressure valves. This control enables the command of pneumatic actuators in hazardous environments, with the electrical signal transformed into optical and transported using optical fiber; all electrical parts can be located at a distance from direct application. Our results showed that the device's response times, accuracy, and repeatability are suited to many applications. Below is an example of a command integrating electric, optical, and pneumatic techniques and operating by an infrared source with very low light power.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

SINGH, ADIT D. "Four-valued interface circuits for NMOS VLSI." International Journal of Electronics 63, no. 2 (August 1987): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207218708939128.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Sansen, Willy. "Biomedical and Sensor Interface Circuits [Conference Reports]." IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine 6, no. 2 (2014): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mssc.2014.2316060.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Eichelbaum, Frank, Ralf Borngräber, Jens Schröder, Ralf Lucklum, and Peter Hauptmann. "Interface circuits for quartz-crystal-microbalance sensors." Review of Scientific Instruments 70, no. 5 (May 1999): 2537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149788.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Hu, Guobiao, Lihua Tang, Junrui Liang, and Raj Das. "Modelling of a cantilevered energy harvester with partial piezoelectric coverage and shunted to practical interface circuits." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 13 (May 19, 2019): 1896–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19849269.

Full text

Abstract:

This article presents a modelling methodology for a cantilevered energy harvester with partial piezoelectric coverage and shunted to practical power conditioning interface circuits. First, the distributed parameter model of the partially covered piezoelectric energy harvester is developed and the associated analytical solution is derived. Subsequently, the single-degree-of-freedom representation model is developed and the explicit expressions of equivalent lumped parameters are derived by taking the static deflection as the approximated fundamental vibration mode. Based on the comparison with the single-mode expression of the distributed parameter model, a correction factor is proposed to improve the accuracy of the single-degree-of-freedom model. The results of both the distributed parameter and the corrected single-degree-of-freedom models are compared. The accuracy of the corrected single-degree-of-freedom representation model is verified against the analytical and the finite element models. Finally, practical interface circuits including the standard energy harvesting circuit and the parallel synchronized switch harvesting on inductor circuit are considered. A modified equivalent impedance modelling method is proposed for the analysis of the standard energy harvesting and parallel synchronized switch harvesting on inductor circuits. The results of the modified equivalent impedance modelling method are verified against the existing method in the literature.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Wang, Sen, Huan Qing Cui, Ying Yang, and Li Cai. "Input Interface for all Spin Logic." Key Engineering Materials 787 (November 2018): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.787.61.

Full text

Abstract:

We propose an input interface circuit that can provide input signals for the emerging all spin logic (ASL) devices. It consists of metal wires that are used for the transmission of electrical signals and magnetic tunnel junction that are used to transform electrical signals into input signals of ASL devices. The operation of input interface is validated by using a coupled spin-transport/magneto-dynamics model. A salient advantage of the proposed input interface is its ability to shorten the length of spin channel for spin transmission and avoid the complex fan-out structure when multiple identical input signals are needed. This input interface is especially useful for the design of large scale ASL circuits, in which many identical units are needed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Moussa, M. Ben, and M. Abdellaoui. "Modeling of the Electrochemical Reactions at the Electrode-Electrolyte Interface of Nickel/Metal Hydride Batteries by an Equivalent Electrical Circuit." Sustainability in Environment 4, no. 4 (October 23, 2019): p241. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v4n4p241.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on the experimental impedance spectra, the electrochemical reactions that are deposed at the electrode-electrolyte interface can be modeled by equivalent electrical circuits. Each element used in the circuit must have a physical correspondence in the electrochemical system. In this work, a model has been proposed to a NiMH battery electrode to describe, in detail, the electrochemical process at the interface of this electrode. The theoretical impedance of a proposed circuit is a function of several variables. These adjusted variables to reach a good agreement between the theoretical spectra and the experimental spectra in the studied frequency. The Z-simplex software allows refining the experimental results. These results show a good superposition between the experimental spectra and the theoretical spectra corresponding to the proposed electric circuit. This leads to the conclusion that the proposed circuit describes the phenomena that take place at the interface of the hydride electrode.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Ben Ammar, Meriam Ben, Salwa Sahnoun, Ahmed Fakhfakh, Christian Viehweger, and Olfa Kanoun. "Self-Powered Synchronized Switching Interface Circuit for Piezoelectric Footstep Energy Harvesting." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 6, 2023): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23041830.

Full text

Abstract:

Piezoelectric Vibration converters are nowadays gaining importance for supplying low-powered sensor nodes and wearable electronic devices. Energy management interfaces are thereby needed to ensure voltage compatibility between the harvester element and the electric load. To improve power extraction ability, resonant interfaces such as Parallel Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor (P-SSHI) have been proposed. The main challenges for designing this type of energy management circuits are to realise self-powered solutions and increase the energy efficiency and adaptability of the interface for low-power operation modes corresponding to low frequencies and irregular vibration mechanical energy sources. In this work, a novel Self-Powered (SP P-SSHI) energy management circuit is proposed which is able to harvest energy from piezoelectric converters at low frequencies and irregular chock like footstep input excitations. It has a good power extraction ability and is adaptable for different storage capacitors and loads. As a proof of concept, a piezoelectric shoe insole with six integrated parallel piezoelectric sensors (PEts) was designed and implemented to validate the performance of the energy management interface circuit. Under a vibration excitation of 1 Hz corresponding to a (moderate walking speed), the maximum reached efficiency and power of the proposed interface is 83.02% and 3.6 mW respectively for the designed insole, a 10 kΩ resistive load and a 10 μF storage capacitor. The enhanced SP-PSSHI circuit was validated to charge a 10 μF capacitor to 6 V in 3.94 s and a 1 mF capacitor to 3.2 V in 27.64 s. The proposed energy management interface has a cold start-up ability and was also validated to charge a (65 mAh, 3.1 V) maganese dioxide coin cell Lithium battery (ML 2032), demonstrating the ability of the proposed wearable piezoelectric energy harvesting system to provide an autonomous power supply for wearable wireless sensors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Newling, Ross, and Richard Morris. "SMART Tubing Presents an Increased Risk of Disconnection During Extracorporeal Circulation." Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 37, no. 4 (December 2005): 400–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/200537400.

Full text

Abstract:

A number of products exhibiting biocompatible features have been developed for use in extracorporeal blood circuits during cardiopulmonary bypass procedures. While attention has been focused on biocompatibility features of the blood-circuit interface, a number of issues applicable in clinical use of these circuits have arisen. Surface Modifying Additive Technology (SMART; Cobe Cardiovascular, Arvarda, CO) is one such technology. In this product, the structure of normal polyvinylchloride (PVC) tubing is altered through the blending of two copolymers to give a more biocompatible blood to plastic interface. In this study, we examined the in vitro mechanical ability of random samples (n = 10) of SMART and standard PVC tubing to withstand axial tension when the tubing was placed over a single barb of a connector. The tension required to remove the SMART tubing from the connector (83.3 ± 7.3 [SD] N), was significantly less than standard PVC tubing (115.6 ± 15.9 N; p < .0001, unpaired t test). The SMART tubing exhibited a 28% reduction in tubing to connector adhesion, which may have a significant effect on extracorporeal circuit disconnection and overall patient safety.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Shindo, Tomokazu, Hiroshi Yokoi, and Yukinori Kakazu. "Adaptive Logic Circuits Based on Net-list Evolution." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 12, no. 2 (April 20, 2000): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2000.p0144.

Full text

Abstract:

We discuss adaptive hardware evolution, evolvable hardware, describing system functions as logic circuits rather than programs. Evolution occurs in circuit formation and then functions are generated from the formation. In general approaches, possibility of formation is restricted by device structure, so we propose net-list evolution and apply it a wall following problem with a Khepera robot, confirming solution of the interface problem between the robot and environment using the proposed method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Maurath, D., C. Peters, T. Hehn, M. Ortmanns, and Y. Manoli. "Highly efficient integrated rectifier and voltage boosting circuits for energy harvesting applications." Advances in Radio Science 6 (May 26, 2008): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-6-219-2008.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. This paper presents novel circuit concepts for integrated rectifiers and voltage converting interfaces for energy harvesting micro-generators. In the context of energy harvesting, usually only small voltages are supplied by vibration-driven generators. Therefore, rectification with minimum voltage losses and low reverse currents is an important issue. This is realized by novel integrated rectifiers which were fabricated and are presented in this article. Additionally, there is a crucial need for dynamic load adaptation as well as voltage up-conversion. A circuit concept is presented, which is able to obtain both requirements. This generator interface adapts its input impedance for an optimal energy transfer efficiency. Furthermore, this generator interface provides implicit voltage up-conversion, whereas the generator output energy is stored on a buffer, which is connected to the output of the voltage converting interface. As simulations express, this fully integrated converter is able to boost ac-voltages greater than |0.35 V| to an output dc-voltage of 2.0 V–2.5 V. Thereby, high harvesting efficiencies above 80% are possible within the entire operational range.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Interface circuits'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles