Academic literature on the topic 'Interface direct shear'

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Journal articles on the topic "Interface direct shear"

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Lee, K. M., and V. R. Manjunath. "Soil-geotextile interface friction by direct shear tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 1 (2000): 238–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-124.

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This paper describes large-size direct shear tests on soil-geotextile interfaces. Medium-grained, uniform sand and three varieties of woven and nonwoven geotextiles manufactured with different techniques are utilized to investigate the soil-geotextile interface friction coefficient (f*). Tests were carried out using an apparatus specifically designed for interface testing, and results were compared with those obtained from the conventional direct shear equipment. The results obtained from this study indicated that the determination of peak interface behaviour was not a trivial matter, as the r
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Wang, Jun, Meng-Jie Ying, Fei-Yu Liu, Hong-Tao Fu, Jun-Feng Ni, and Jing Shi. "Effect of Particle-Size Gradation on Coarse Sand-Geotextile Interface Response in Cyclic and Postcyclic Direct Shear Test." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (September 3, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1323296.

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In order to investigate the influence of sand particle-size gradation on cyclic and postcyclic shear strength behaviour on sand-geotextile interfaces, a series of monotonic direct shear (MDS), cyclic direct shear (CDS), and postcyclic direct shear (PCDS) tests were performed using a large-scale direct shear apparatus. The influence of cyclic shear history on the direct shear behaviour of the interface was studied. The results indicated that cyclic shear stress degradation occurred at the sand-geotextile interface. Shear volumetric contraction induced by the cyclic direct shear increased with t
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Hamid, Tariq B., and Gerald A. Miller. "Shear strength of unsaturated soil interfaces." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 46, no. 5 (2009): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-002.

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Unsaturated soil interfaces exist where unsaturated soil is in contact with structures such as foundations, retaining walls, and buried pipes. The unsaturated soil interface can be defined as a layer of unsaturated soil through which stresses are transferred from soil to structure and vice versa. In this paper, the shearing behavior of unsaturated soil interfaces is examined using results of interface direct shear tests conducted on a low-plasticity fine-grained soil. A conventional direct shear test device was modified to conduct direct shear interface tests using matric suction control. Furt
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Chen, Xiaobin, Jiasheng Zhang, Yuanjie Xiao, and Jian Li. "Effect of roughness on shear behavior of red clay – concrete interface in large-scale direct shear tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 8 (2015): 1122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0399.

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Few studies have focused on evaluating regular surface roughness and its effect on interfacial shear behavior of the red clay – concrete interface. This paper presents the results of a series of laboratory large-scale direct shear tests conducted using different types of red clay – concrete interfaces. The objective is to examine the effect of surface roughness on these types of soil–concrete interfaces. In the smooth-interface tests, the measured peak and residual shear strength values are very close to each other, with no observed shear dilation. The surface roughness is found to have a rema
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Yin, Kexin, Jiangxin Liu, Jiaxing Lin, Andreea-Roxana Vasilescu, Khaoula Othmani, and Eugenia Di Filippo. "Interface Direct Shear Tests on JEZ-1 Mars Regolith Simulant." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (2021): 7052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11157052.

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The mechanical behaviors of Martian regolith-structure interfaces are of great significance for the design of rover, development of excavation tools, and construction of infrastructure in Mars exploration. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the properties of a Martian regolith simulant (JEZ-1) through one-dimensional oedometer test, direct shear test, and interface direct shear tests between JEZ-1 and steel plates with different roughness. Oedometer result reveals that the compression and swelling indexes of the JEZ-1 are quite low, thus it is a less compressible and lower sw
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Ye, Hexin, Jinlin Huang, Jianwei Zhang, et al. "Numerical Simulation of In-Situ Direct Shear Test and Damage Failure Mechanism Study of Concrete-Bedrock Cementation Surface." Materials 18, no. 12 (2025): 2718. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18122718.

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Owing to the insufficient understanding of the mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of concrete-rock bonding interfaces in dam foundations, this study establishes a refined three-dimensional simulation model for direct shear tests of concrete-rock bonding interfaces based on in-situ direct shear tests conducted at a reservoir. The damage evolution process and failure mechanisms of the concrete-rock interface under different loading conditions are investigated. The results indicate that under varying normal stresses, the shear stress-shear displacement curve exhibits an initial increase
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Mortara, Giuseppe, Antonio Mangiola, and Vito Nicola Ghionna. "Cyclic shear stress degradation and post-cyclic behaviour from sand–steel interface direct shear tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, no. 7 (2007): 739–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t07-019.

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The sliding interaction between sand and structural materials is involved in many geotechnical applications and is particularly important for the derivation of the shaft capacity of piles. Such interaction develops principally at the interface between the sand mass and the structural surface, and the comprehension of such interaction can be analysed through soil–structure interface tests. In particular, by using a modified version of the interface direct shear apparatus, that is, the constant normal stiffness direct shear apparatus, the friction characteristics of the interface and the role of
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Adeleke, Daniel, Denis Kalumba, and Johnny Oriokot. "Asperities effect on polypropylene & polyester geotextile-geomembrane interface shear behaviour." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 13017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199213017.

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The summary of this paper is focused on the result of a study that used quantitative measures of surface texture as the basis for examining the effects of asperities on the shear characteristics of geotextile-geomembrane interfaces. About 30 large direct shear tests were conducted to evaluate the geotextile-geomembrane interface shear strength properties. The results indicated a non-linear failure envelopes and strain softening behaviour at a normal stress range of 50 – 400 kPa. For most interface tested, the polyester-geotextiles resulted in higher shear strength as compared with polypropylen
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Ferreira, Fernanda Bessa, Castorina Silva Vieira, Guilherme Mendonça, and Maria de Lurdes Lopes. "Effect of Sustained Loading on the Direct Shear Behaviour of Recycled C&D Material–Geosynthetic Interfaces." Materials 16, no. 4 (2023): 1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041722.

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Recycled construction and demolition (C&D) wastes have been pointed out as a feasible alternative to traditional backfill materials of geosynthetic-reinforced structures, but the current knowledge about the interface behaviour between these unconventional (recycled) materials and the reinforcement is still limited, particularly as far as the time-dependent response is concerned. In this study, a series of large-scale direct shear tests was conducted using an innovative multistage method to evaluate the influence of shear creep loading on the direct shear response of the interfaces between
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LACERDA, B. M., M. C. V. LIMA, F. A. R. GESUALDO, and V. C. CASTILHO. "Numerical and experimental analysis of the behavior of structural elements composed of double lattice panels filled with cast-in-place concrete." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 8, no. 4 (2015): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952015000400003.

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AbstractAn experimental and numerical investigation was conducted into the factors that interfere in the shear strength of the concrete-concrete interface in structures composed of double lattice panels subjected to direct shear stress. The experimental program consisted of testing 26 direct shear models with varying widths of concrete filling of 7 cm, 9 cm and 13 cm, with smooth and rough interfaces, as well as different concrete compressive strengths in the filled region. The numerical modeling, which was performed with ANSYS software, employed solid finite elements, bar elements and contact
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interface direct shear"

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Dietz, Matthew S. "Developing an holistic understanding of interface friction using sand with direct shear apparatus." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/55218bdd-b641-4365-a921-5a7ca0d475bc.

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Ross, Jason D. "Static and Dynamic Shear Strength of a Geomembrane/Geosynthetic Clay Liner Interface." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243545173.

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Iscimen, Mehmet. "Shearing Behavior Of Curved Interfaces." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7256.

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The frictional behavior of soil-construction material interfaces is of significant importance in geotechnical engineering applications such as retaining structures, pile foundations, geosynthetic liners, and trenchless technologies. Since most failures initiate and develop on the interfaces, special attention is required to predict the capacity of these weak planes in the particular application. Pipe-jacking and microtunneling technologies are being more widely used over the past decade and there is significant interest to predict the jacking forces and jacking distances achievable in order to
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Orebowale, Patience B. "Investigating the stability of geosynthetic landfill capping systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7786.

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The use of geosynthetics in landfill construction introduces potential planes of weakness. As a result, there is a requirement to assess the stability along the soil/geosynthetic and geosynthetic/geosynthetic interfaces. Stability is governed by the shear strength along the weakest interface in the system. Repeatability interface shear strength testing of a geomembrane/geotextile interface at low normal stresses suitable for capping systems showed considerable variability of measured geosynthetic interface shear strengths, suggesting that minor factors can have a significant influence on the m
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Toufigh, Vahid. "Testing and Evaluation of Confined Polymer Concrete Pile with Carbon Fiber Sleeve." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293492.

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The goal of this research is to investigate the behavior of polymer concrete confined with a carbon fiber sleeve used as a pile foundation. To evaluate the behavior of a confined polymer concrete pile in this research, four steps was considered. The first step of this investigation considered the mix design of polymer concrete, polymer concrete is a new material which is a combination of epoxy resin and aggregate. Instead of using a traditional mix of cement and water to make concrete, epoxy resin is used. Three dissimilar varieties of aggregate are mixed with different ratios in order to rea
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Yin, Kexin. "Influence of clay fraction on the mechanical behavior of a soil-concrete interface." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ECDN0015.

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L’interface sol-structure est un aspect important des intéractions entre le sol et la structure car elle permet d’assurer en grande partie la stabilité de la structure concernée. Le comportement mécanique de l’interface joue un rôle significatif dans le dimensionnement des structures de génie civil et dans la prédiction de leur comportement dans le temps. L’interface entre le sol et la structure est une fine couche de sol en contact avec la structure, dans laquelle des contraintes et des déformations se développent. A notre connaissance, les travaux précédents de la littérature qui caractérise
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Reis, Jeselay Hemetério Cordeiro dos. "Modelo de atrito estático em interfaces de contato entre concreto e areia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-17072006-111343/.

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Esta tese apresenta os princípios e a formulação de um modelo não-linear de atrito estático em interface de concreto areia. A hipótese básica para desenvolvimento das equações consiste na ocorrência do atrito de deslizamento (atrito verdadeiro), do atrito de rolamento (rearranjo das partículas) e da dilatância (variação de volume durante o cisalhamento). A solução analítica do modelo considera o efeito da rugosidade da superfície de contato, da curva granulométrica da areia e do seu estado de compacidade inicial. Foram realizados ensaios de cisalhamento direto com carga normal constante em int
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CASTRO, ALESSANDRA TAVARES DE. "TILT TESTS AND DIRECT SHEAR ON SOIL-GEOSYNTHETIC INTERFACES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12570@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>A aplicação de geossintéticos em obras geotécnicas vem crescendo intensamente nos últimos tempos, tornando cada vez mais importantes e necessários os estudos da resistência de interface para aplicação em projetos e obras. Em particular, tais estudos devem tratar das técnicas de ensaios de campo e de laboratório para a obtenção dos parâmetros de resistência (adesão e ângulo de atrito). Os ensaios de laboratório são utilizados com maior freqüência por serem mais acessíveis
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Saffari-Shooshtari, Nader. "Constant normal stiffness direct shear testing of chalk-concrete interfaces." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328819.

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Pra-ai, Suriyavut. "Essais et modélisation du cisaillement cyclique sol-struture à grand nombre de cycles. Application aux pieux." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809729.

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On présente tout d'abord une série d'essais de cisaillement direct 2D monotones et cycliques sur l'interface sable de Fontainebleau-plaque rugueuse et lisse, 'a contrainte normale constante (CNL) et à rigidité normale imposée (CNS). Le but de ces essais est de simuler la situation mécanique le long de pieux soumis à un grand nombre de cycles d'origine environnementale ou anthropique. Ces cycles (typiquement 10000) de faible amplitude (10'a 40 kPa en terme de contrainte de cisaillement) ne sont pas cens'es produire de rupture prématurée. Ces tests incluent une série de cycles d'amplitudes (succ
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Books on the topic "Interface direct shear"

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United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Denver Office. Materials Engineering Branch., ed. Direct shear tests used in soil-geomembrane interface friction studies. Materials Engineering Branch, Research and Laboratory Services Division, Denver Office, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Interface direct shear"

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Jin, Zihao, Qi Yang, Junzhe Liu, and Chen Chen. "Concrete-Sand Interface in Direct Shear Tests." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97112-4_121.

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Ferreira, F. B., J. Fernandes, C. S. Vieira, and M. L. Lopes. "Soil-geosynthetic interface shear behaviour: Insights from inclined plane and direct shear tests." In Geosynthetics: Leading the Way to a Resilient Planet. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003386889-37.

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Syed, Sayeeda, and Anumita Mishra. "Performance Evaluation of Recycled Concrete Aggregates as Drainage Material in Combination with Geosynthetics for Landfill Cover Systems." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_70.

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AbstractThis study investigates the integration of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in landfill cover systems as a sustainable alternative to natural aggregates. The research primarily examines the interaction of RCA with geomembranes by determining the interface friction angle between RCA drainage layers and geomembranes through large-scale direct shear testing. A Finite Element Method (FEM) model of a municipal solid waste landfill in Este, Italy, was developed and validated against the analytical two-wedge theory for veneer shear failure in layered systems. The results demonstrate that RCA
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Bilke, Lars, Thomas Fischer, Dmitri Naumov, et al. "Code Descriptions." In GeomInt–Mechanical Integrity of Host Rocks. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61909-1_7.

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AbstractThe FFS method (see Sect. 10.1007/978-3-030-61909-1_3) was developed to simulate direct shear tests. To provide a tool for the project work and get things easier done a graphical user interface (GUI) was also created. The GUI simply calls all necessary functions by letting the user either fill form fields or choose input files from the working folder. The rock parameters and the conditions of the direct shear test with the normal stress levels and shear displacements have to be selected. If an experiment is simulated the lab results can be selected as a text file so a visual comparison
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Ebrahimian, B., and E. Bauer. "Investigation of Direct Shear Interface Test Using Micro-polar Continuum Approach." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13506-9_21.

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An, Feng-Chen, Shuang-Yin Cao, Jin-Long Pan, and Qian Ge. "Investigation on Fracture Behavior of FRP-Concrete Interface under Direct Shear." In Advances in FRP Composites in Civil Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17487-2_107.

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Watanabe, Tomoaki. "Enhancement of Passive Scalar Mixing in a Shear-Free Turbulent Front." In IUTAM Bookseries. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78151-3_6.

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AbstractA localized turbulent region expands spatially by entraining surrounding non-turbulent fluid, demarcated by the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) layer. Small-scale vortex tubes and shear layers within this TNTI layer play a pivotal role in the process of entrainment. Shear layers in turbulence are known to be unstable against perturbations with wavelengths approximately 30 times the Kolmogorov scale. This study conducts numerical experiments aimed at investigating the potential for enhancing passive scalar mixing through the excitation of small-scale shear instability. Direct n
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Muluti, S. S., D. Kalumba, L. Sobhee-Beetul, and C. D. R. Aza-Gnandji. "Modelling single & multi-layer soil-geosynthetic interface behaviour from large direct shear tests." In Geosynthetics: Leading the Way to a Resilient Planet. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003386889-65.

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Mouzannar, Hussein, M. Bost, P. Joffrin, et al. "Instrumentation of Large Scale Direct Shear Test to Study the Progressive Failure of Concrete/Rock Interface." In RILEM Bookseries. Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0867-6_91.

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Wang, Chuhan, and Chunxiao Xu. "Baroclinic Vorticity Generation Near the Turbulent/Non-turbulent Interface of a Boundary Layer with Combustion." In IUTAM Bookseries. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-78151-3_10.

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AbstractEnstrophy transport is examined in a recent direct numerical simulation database of compressible turbulent boundary layer featuring non-premixed hydrogen-air combustion. The inlet flow profile combines a cold, sonic hydrogen stream near the wall with a preheated, supersonic air mainstream, resulting in downstream transition and ignition phenomena, using a detailed chemistry scheme. Unlike reacting mixing layers or jets where the flame surface typically develops at regions of maximum shear intensity, in this configuration, the flame surface region is found beneath the boundary layer edg
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Conference papers on the topic "Interface direct shear"

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Boiero, A., E. Romero, M. Arroyo, and G. Spagnoli. "Interface direct shear tests with novel binders." In 7th International Conference on Geotechnical and Geophysical Site Characterization. CIMNE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/isc.2024.012.

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Alam, Muhammad T., Md Saddam Hossain, B. S. Pushpendue Biswas, and Rafiqul A. Tarefder. "Effect of Shear Rate on Asphalt Concrete Interface by Direct Shear Test." In International Airfield and Highway Pavements Conference 2025. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784486214.008.

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Amarasinghe, Ruslan S., Dharma Wijewickreme, and Hisham T. Eid. "Some Observations on Soil-Pipe Interface Shear Strength in Direct Shear Under Low Effective Normal Stresses and Large Displacements." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64100.

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Experimental work is undertaken at the University of British Columbia (UBC) to study the soil-pipe interface shear strength at levels of shear displacements and effective normal stresses typically encountered in offshore soil-pipe interaction problems. A macro-scale interface direct shear apparatus having a test specimen footprint of 1.72 m × 1.75 m was designed and built for this purpose. The apparatus is capable of testing various soil-pipe interfaces under effective normal stresses in the range of 3 kPa to 6 kPa. A maximum shear displacement of 1.2 m is achievable at rates ranging from 0.1
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Rubinstein, Shmuel M., Gil Cohen, and Jay Fineberg. "Direct Observation of Frictional Contacts on a Sliding Interface." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59211.

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Two blocks in frictional contact, are supported by a multitude of microscopic contacts whose real contact area, A, is much smaller than the nominal one. We measure the spatial and temporal behavior of A along a rough spatially extended interface. Using high speed imaging we record, both slow nucleation processes as well as rapid, crack like events that eventually lead to overall sliding of an entire frictional interface. We report that a discrete sequence of crack-like precursors propagating within the interface is excited by a slowly increasing shear force applied to the blocks, when the shea
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Kaiser, Jakob W. J., Stefan Adami, and Nikolaus A. Adams. "Direct Numerical Simulation of Shock-Induced Drop Breakup with a Sharp-Interface-Method." In Tenth International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena. Begellhouse, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/tsfp10.490.

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Seiphoori, Ali, Tam Duong, and Mertcan Geyin. "Comparative Analysis of Ring Shear and Direct Shear Tests for Interface Friction Angle of Granular Materials." In Geotechnical Frontiers 2025. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784486009.024.

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Kong, Lie, and Junlong Shang. "Cracking Behaviour of Mineralised Fractures Under Direct-Shear." In 58th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2024-0841.

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ABSTRACT: Mineral-filled fractures (rock veins) are common in the Earth's upper crust. Understanding the cracking and deformation behaviour of the mineral-filled fractures is of fundamental value for wide applications such as earthquakes, landslides, and the stability of underground infrastructure. In this study, we simulated the cracking behaviour of mineralised fractures under a direct-shear load using the discrete element method (DEM). A synthetic rectangular numerical specimen sized 5 cm by 5 cm was considered. An analogous vein was embedded along the middle line of the specimen. We calibr
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McCaslin, Jeremy, and Olivier Desjardins. "DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SURFACE TENSION EFFECTS ON INTERFACE DYNAMICS AND ENERGY TRANSFER IN TURBULENCE." In Ninth International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena. Begellhouse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/tsfp9.1180.

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Kwon, Soonwook, Yuri Lee, and Bongtae Han. "Advanced Micro Shear Testing for Solder Alloy Using Direct Local Measurement." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35325.

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A modified single lap shear test configuration, based on the Iosipescu geometry, is proposed for determination of the constitutive properties of solder alloys. An auxiliary device (extension unit) is introduced to improve the accuracy of measurement. The extension unit is attached directly to the specimen and it converts shear displacements to axial displacements, which are subsequently captured by a high-resolution extensometer. With aid of the extension unit, shear deformations are measured without compensating machine and grip compliance. The specimen configuration includes geometrical cons
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Hu, X. Y., Nikolaus A. Adams, and Q. Wang. "DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE COMPRESSIBLE KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY WITH A LOW-DISSIPATION SHARP-INTERFACE METHOD." In Sixth International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena. Begellhouse, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/tsfp6.380.

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Reports on the topic "Interface direct shear"

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Becker, Maggie E., Jeffrey S. West, and Carl J. Larosche. Investigation of Bond in Unreinforced Interfaces for Partial- Depth Repairs and New Construction. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pci.rr.conn-010.

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The research discussed in this progress report has been proposed to study the interface shear transfer in applications for partial-depth concrete repairs and for topping applications on precast elements. This research comprises two phases of laboratory testing. Phase 1 was developed to study the (local) interface bond strength of slab specimens through direct shear tests and direct tensile pull-off tests. Phase 2 comprises flexural tests on beam specimens to assess interface shear strength under combined bending and shear.
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Rahman, Shahedur, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Peter J. Becker. Improvement of Stiffness and Strength of Backfill Soils Through Optimization of Compaction Procedures and Specifications. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317134.

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Vibration compaction is the most effective way of compacting coarse-grained materials. The effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on the compaction density of different backfill materials commonly used by INDOT (No. 4 natural sand, No. 24 stone sand, and No. 5, No. 8, No. 43 aggregates) were studied in this research. The test materials were characterized based on the particle sizes and morphology parameters using digital image analysis technique. Small-scale laboratory compaction tests were carried out with variable frequency and amplitude of vibrations using vibratory hammer and vibrato
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Sobolik, Steven R., and Benjamin Reedlunn. Shear Behavior of Bedded Salt Interfaces under Direct Shear Loading. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1569654.

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