Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interface plastique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 26 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Interface plastique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Hariri, Mohamad Anas. "Contribution à une méthode de conception et génération d'interface homme-machine plastique." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/709908f0-7288-471b-b296-62da1cb4a178.
Full textDoors to new prospects of using interactive systems have been opened, thanks to the evolution on all the levels of the communication means, and to technological progress leading in particular to new mobile terminal generation. Pervasive computing lets consider a new interactive system generation, and requires new methods of Human-Computer Interaction. From now on the interactive systems must adapt to the context of use, in order to preserve their usability, without need for expensive redesign and reimplementation. Research works relate to new types of UI (User-Interface) which are known as sensitive to context, in other word plastic, with various capacities of integration of the plasticity notion. However, in the majority of methods, the adaptation is statically predefined by the designer at design time. Then, at the time of a need for adaptation following a contextual change, the UI must be transferred at design phase. Moreover, the possibility of evaluating the adaptation quality at runtime misses often. We are interested, as part of the thesis, in the UI having the capacity to adapt dynamically to the context of use, by taking into account the contextual changes without any need to return to design phase. In this research field, and starting from the plastic UI concept, our contribution consists in generating such UI starting from an abstract UI model specified already in an interactive systems specification and design method and/or a task model. Our method is based on the notion of design patterns; those are used during the passage to the concrete UI and during the adaptation. The system architecture is supported by a composition based on business components; those have the capacity to change their presentation facet dynamically. This principle is adopted as a solution for the dynamic adaptation to the context of use. Our method is also based on the notion of machine learning. The integration of a technique of machine learning allows continuing to develop the knowledge base of the system at runtime, in order to preserve the utility of the adaptation. The suggested method is illustrated on two cases of study: the first relates to a nomadic application of guidance touristic. Second is borrowed from the industrial supervision domain
Limonne, Charlotte. "L'oeuvre-enveloppe. Essai sur les devenirs-interface de l'oeuvre plastique en sculpture et dans les arts textiles." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES020.
Full textThis thesis will approach contemporary creation – with a focus on sculpture and fiber arts from the ‘60s onwards – through the French concept of the enveloppe. This concept is the red thread that binds together the material aspect of an artistic practice together with the rhetorical thinking behind it. Thus, this text is intertwined with images from the author’s personal practice, echoing the numerous other artist’s works that we be analysed as this reflexion develops.In a first part, we will aim at defining the characteristics of an enveloppe together with the mechanisms of its manifestation. For that purpose, we intend to create a typology of the various forms an enveloppe takes in contemporary arts. We will suggest three main to categorise these types: the packaging, the cloth and the skin. Then, leaving behind the substantive, we will attach ourselves to the adjective ‘enveloping’ and the verb ‘to envelop’, allowing us to approach the envelope not only as a still object, but also as a versatile, evolving material, or as a movement of repeated enrolment as used in some artists’ practice. The concept of enveloppe therefore opens up to become a starting point for the creative process. Consequently, the idea of an ‘enveloppe-artwork’ not only allows us to consider the physical artwork as a finished and isolated object, but also offers the possibility to perceive it as a vibrant wall, an interface between the artist – his/her singular perception of the world – and a material, a substance; between the transformed material and the viewer, existing only from and through their encounter
Balme, Lionel. "Interfaces homme-machine plastiques : une approche par composants dynamiques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432115.
Full textEl, Housseini Hiam. "Modélisation du comportement d'un bicouche (élastique - viscoélastique) sous l'effet du retrait dans la couche viscoélastique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523173.
Full textBouyer, Antoine. "Plateformes et services multimodaux basés sur des interfaces plastiques." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2048.
Full textThis thesis brings together two research domains, namely multimodality and plasticity of interfaces. Multimodality allows for the accessing of a system simultaneously through different modes of communication. The realization of such infrastructure is difficult because of the technical and functional diversity of the devices that may be connected. Plasticity defines abstract interfaces that are then converted to different formats. Although these two domains have been studied extensively in the past, no one has, to date, used plasticity to facilitate the design and the development of multimodal services. The work carried out during this thesis was to think through, design, and implement such a platform. This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part describes the existing technology at the beginning of the thesis period. More precisely, we present the state of the art of the two domains. We also discuss the architecture of the PMX platform previously developed and from which we reuse some concepts. The second part deals with our reasoning throughout this study. We have developed two successive multimodal platforms, and we explain in detail the reasons and the issues that have pushed us to improve upon the existing technology. The final section presents the validation and implementation of our work through the different services we have developed and experimented. The market opportunities currently being transferred are also presented
Adi, Riyono Winarputro. "CJS-RE : a hierarchical constitutive model for rammed earth." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC036/document.
Full textRammed earth is a vernacular building technique consisting in compacting successively layers of moist earth within formworks. This technique is present worldwide and in particular in the region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in France. As no regulation exists for rammed earth structures in France, the owners of such structures are helpless at the time when repairing damages appearing in any aging heritage structures. Moreover, this lack of regulation tends to slow down the development of such a constructive solution in new projects though this technique answers many of the issues raised by the sustainable development. The work presented herein is part of the national research project PRIMATERRE devoted to the study of construction building involving earth. Herein, an elasto-plastic constitutive law is developed for modeling the behavior of rammed earth. It is based on a hierarchical approach of the modeling in relation to the information available to identify the set of model parameters and the refinement of phenomena to be modelled. This model was adapted from a pre-existing CJS model used in advanced foundation engineering for the modelling of granular soils. The necessary adaptation of some mechanisms of the model in the context of rammed earth material which holds the characteristics of a quasi-brittle material is highlighted. Two levels for the model denoted CJS-RE which can be used in the context of monotonous loadings are presented herein. The first level is a simple elastic perfectly plastic model (CJS-RE1) and the second model is an elasto-plastic model with an isotropic hardening (CJS-RE2). Two mechanisms of plastic deformation are involved, one related to purely deviatoric phenomena and one related to tensile phenomena. The validation of the model was performed based on different sets of actual tests including diagonal compression tests and pushover tests on wallets. The simple elasto-plastic model CJS-RE1 was able to capture some basic features for these two tests and may be used for a first estimate of the system resistance. The more sophisticated model CJS-RE2 was found better to retrieve the nonlinear behavior of rammed earth over a larger range of deformations throughout both a diagonal compression test and a pushover test. Finally, the modelling of interfaces between layers of earth seems oversized when the resistance of the system is investigated. However, since they may influence the simulated ductility of the system, they may be used to model the behavior of rammed earth system more precisely
Odje, Stephen. "Rupture du mélange de polymères polystyrène/caoutchouc ethylène propylène : mécanismes de rupture, interfaces et morphologie." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textSahlaoui, Ramzi. "Panneaux en maçonnerie renforcés à l'aide de matériaux composites : approche de type calcul à la rupture et étude expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00672356.
Full textVERDEAU, TRUFFIER CAROLINE. "Influence des conditions d'elaboration sur la zone interfaciale de materiaux composites hautes performances a matrice thermoplastique." Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0117.
Full textMichel, Aurélie. "Objets-environnements, des interfaces biomimétiques entre arts plastiques et design, en France, de 1993 à nos jours." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0420.
Full textThe observation of the actual artistic productions shows a trend towards a hybridization of disciplines. This statement concerns particularly a type of design practices which is increasingly shifting towards objects manufactured in small quantity, even in unique pieces questioning the relations between the users and their familiar spaces and more specifically their intimate sphere. Even though most designers reject the comparison of their production with plastic arts, we can see that some of them have adopted approaches similar to those of plasticians. The formulation of this hypothesis brings up the questions of the validity of classifications and the legitimacy of the laws presiding to their constitution. Furthermore, the production of designers who integrate similar approaches to those of artists is built on an evolutive mode, the object being developed towards art installation, a form of penetrability a spectator/user can experience. By examining the scales variations and the modular repetition creating a fluid architecture in Ronan and Erwan Bouroullec design, we can understand the shifts operated between the piece and the environment it builds. Scales manipulation questions at the heart of the space itself the established objects classifications as well as their hierarchization (in domestic space and in exhibitions too).These issues are specific to a type of practice, which the poetic uses, of diverted natural products and especially the three systems : vegetal, animal and mineral. The transposition of naturalistic practices aiming at bringing a change through the object ( in the sense of placing it out of the usual context ) derives from considerations around the processes of hybridization. Thus, when one looks at natural history writings, and, in particular, those of Aristotle, Pliny the Elder or the nomenclature of Carl von Linné, we notice the recurrence ( or” survivance” to use the expression initiated by Georges Didi- Huberman) of elements located in an in-between space. Those types that we can describe as “random practices” reveal a constant displacement of the norms and question the determination of the monster. At which moment, can we designate an element as being abnormal? Aren’t there objects which, while presenting all the characteristics of the monster, coincide nonetheless with established models ? The analysis of actual practices standing at a crossroad between plastic arts and design reveals a profound influence from this type of process for a scientific imaginary inspired by the theatrum mundi of the curiosities cabinets. Moreover, we can observe since the beginning of the 1990ies (in particular, following the constitution of the contemporary art collection “Curios & Mirabilia” by Hubert Martin, aiming at confronting a place charged with history , Oiron Castle, to the production of various artists) a resurgence of exhibitions using curio cabinets forms. The aim is to renew the interest in artifacts and especially the relations of those manufactured objects and the poetic universe of nature, a manifestation of visceral attachment to primitive origins. Thus, the symbolic use of the figure of “zoophytes” or animal-plants, mentioned in the most ancient natural history treaties helps to show the transversality of artistic practices trying to dismantle the partitions between disciplines by placing the object as an entity at the crossroad between the creation processes. Through artists, designers and actors of institutions interviews, we can identify too major types of practices inscribed in a fertile prolongation of nature : a type of art which uses the formal aspects of flora and fauna to create a common vocabulary for art and design, alongside with a type of production transposing natural mechanisms which become creation protocols applied to the conception of objects
Augry, Ludivine. "Contrôle des mécanismes d’interactions nanocharge/polymère en milieu solvant : application aux revêtements à base de PVC et de PAI." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0027.
Full textThis study aims at improving some properties of functional PVC- and PAI- based coatings by adding preformed inorganic lamellar or spherical nanofillers. The compatibilization of nanofiller with the polymer matrix in which they are introduced, is required in order to obtain nanocomposite films with an homogeneous distribution and a dispersion state as fine as possible. Different compatibilization strategies, well-suited for each system, have been studied: compatibilizer physisorption, chemisorption, intercalation or chelation. The new modified nanofillers have been characterized before their introduction into the matrix. Various strategies have been considered to obtain the “compatibilized” nanocomposite films such as the solution mixing and/or the in-situ polymerization, followed by a physical gelation or curing step for PVC- or PAI-based nanocomposites, respectively. The morphological characterization of the films, through XRD and SEM/TEM analysis, and the thermal and thermomecanical properties, evaluated by TGA, DSC and DMA, underlined the importance of two parameters: the nanofiller surface chemistry, responsible for the nanofiller/polymer interfacial interactions, and the elaboration process of the nanocomposite
Emonot, Jérôme. "Contribution à l'étude du contact dynamique entre une nappe de liquide et un substrat solide." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10232.
Full textMallarino, Stéphanie. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des interfaces dans un composite cyanate/fibres de verre D." Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0005.
Full textWith the view to know sizing impact on interphase nature and properties of a cyanate/D glass fibre composite, four types of samples were achieved : a series of three composites, processed by vacuum moulding and which differ by absence or presence of sizing (with or partially extracted), and resin samples. The dynamic mechanical analysis was selected to study these composites. Mechanical relaxations, particularly main relaxation associated to resin Tg, are largely modified by the state of the interphase. A elaborate study of this transition enables us to express assumptions on the formation and the nature of the interphase for this system. These results are corroborated by complementary analysis (infra-red microscopy, micro thermal analysis. . . ). Lastly, ageings were realized on the composites and the resin in order to characterize this interphase more finely
Duong, Van Anh. "Développement en dynamique d'un élément fini multicouche avec interfaces imparfaites." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005779.
Full textCinquin, Jacques. "Interfaces et cristallisation de la matrice dans des composites unidirectionnels PA66/fibres de verre." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612660k.
Full textLu, Bo. "Rheology and dynamics at the interface of multi micro-/nanolayered polymers." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI133.
Full textInterphase developed at the polymer–polymer interface crucially determines the overall macroscopic properties of multilayered polymers from coextrusion. A better understanding of the interfacial properties involving rheology and dynamics is essential for establishing the processing-structure-property relationship. Therefore, this thesis is focused on a fundamental study of the role of interphase in rheology and dynamics of multicomponent polymers, towards tailoring the interface/interphase in multilayered structures from coexrusion process. The work proceeded from the diffuse interphase in compatible multilayered systems to the reactive interphase in reactive counterparts. Starting with a preliminary study on a model compatible system of PVDF/PMMA blends, we firstly revealed their blending phenomena and physics, involving dynamic heterogeneity in segmental and terminal scales, and locally structural heterogeneity due to the nanoscale interphase. Particularly, the local heterogeneity significantly altered the thermorheological and dynamic behaviours. Based on the findings with blends, we were able to further clarify the effects of interdiffusion and diffuse interphase formation on the structure, rheology and dynamics in compatible multilayered PVDF/PMMA systems fabricated by forced-assembly multilayer coextrusion. The remarkable changes in the rheological and dynamic behaviors of these compatible multilayers were explained in terms of the physical picture for interdiffusion mechanism and physics of diffuse interphase occurring in coextrusion process. Secondly, we incorporated in situ interfacial chemical reaction to multilayered systems based on PVDF-g-MAH/PA6 in comparison to PVDF/PA6 pair, thereby allowing us to probe the generated reactive interphase with graft copolymers from bilayer to multi nanolayers. Influence of interfacial reaction and formed interphase on the resulting macroscopic rheological behaviors and microscopic dynamics were preliminarily elaborated using a stacked model bilayer of PVDF-g-MAH/PA6, by taking into account the factors involving interfacial morphology development, copolymer architecture and reaction extent/time, etc. Based on this preliminary investigation, we further probed the role of interfacial reaction and reactive intephase formation in the coextruded multilayered structures alternating of PVDF-g-MAH/PA6 with the layer thickness varying from micro- to nanoscale. Therein, we investigated systematically the layer architecture/structure, morphology, dielectric properties, charge transport dynamics, and especially the uniaxial extensional rheology of the reactive multilayered polymers in the presence of reactive interphase. Findings obtained in this thesis are aimed at a better understanding of the interfacial properties including rheology, dynamics and dielectric properties, towards controlling the interface/interphase and confinement in multilayered polymers from coextrusion and for their advanced applications
Yhuel, Grégory. "Contribution à l’étude de polyesters aliphatiques renforcés par des fibres naturelles." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS019/document.
Full textWith its thermomechanical properties closed to polyolefins, poly(butylene succinate) is one ofthe most interesting bio-based polymers for substitution of oil-based polymers for automotive applications. Addition of hemp fibers, through an extrusion process step, reinforces matrix and enables to fit with the targeted technical profile required by automotive specifications. In order to improve thermomechanical properties, three main topics have been investigated in this study:1 - PBS / hemp fibers interface qualification: through a new methodology based on the analysis of the effective fiber contribution on stress during mechanical solicitation, it was shown that hydrogen bonds between PBS and fibers play a major role in load transfer.Combined with the Bowyer and Bader model, this approach enables to highlight interface damages and to determine the interfacial shear strength (τhemp/PBS=25,2 MPa)2 - Meaning of natural fiber L/D ratio: during processes (extrusion and injection), vegetal fiber morphology changes and becomes complex due to the fibrillated structure. With anew developed image analysis tool, it was shown that fibrillation contributes to matrix einforcement as well as defibering.3 - Synthesis of PBS-co-amide: to reach the targeted thermomechanical performances,introduction of amide groups into PBS was studied to increase the melting point. In order to avoid the cyclic imide formation between succinic acid and amines, synthesis of monomers and poly(ester amide) were studied through a multistep strategy, enabling to get low molecular weight PEA with melting temperature around 172°C
Descarpentries, Jérémie. "Compréhension et rôle de la dispersion de charges inorganiques dans une matrice thermoplastique." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2020.
Full textKaram, Layal. "Etude des interactions aux interfaces entre peptides, matériaux et bactéries, pour la mise au point de surfaces antimicrobiennes et d’emballages alimentaires actifs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10044/document.
Full textThe globalization of food trade and changes in lifestyles present new major challenges for food safety. Setting up active food packaging, via antimicrobial peptides adsorption on materials, is an innovative and proactive approach to improve the safety, quality and shelf-life of packaged foods. Peptides adsorption on surfaces and the antimicrobial activity of the functionalized materials depend mainly on surface properties, on surface treatments allowing the modification of such properties and on the peptides-materials-bacteria interactions. In this thesis, nisin, an antilisterial bacteriocin, produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis was used as the antimicrobial agent. The selected packaging was the low density polyethylene, a commonly used packaging in the food sector. Different cold plasma processes were optimized to develop surfaces with various characteristics and specific functionalities needed for the adsorption studies. Physico-chemical surface characterization techniques permitted from one side, to confirm the surface functionalization by surface treatments and by nisin and from another side, to study the surface interactions. The antimicrobial study was undertaken to compare and confirm the antimicrobial activity of the different treated packaging. This work was also carried out against some food pathogens and at refrigeration temperature in order to assess possible future food packaging applications
Bondon, Arnaud. "Stabilité des écoulements stratifiés en coextrusion : Etude multi-échelle du rôle de l’architecture du copolymère aux interfaces." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0100.
Full textSeveral polymers can be combined in one multilayer structure by reactive coextrusion. Tie-layers are often used to compatibilize the adjacent layers and may reduce or suppress the interfacial instabilities and the defects in the multilayer coextrusion flow. However, an additional defect defined as the “grainy” defect can be observed. In the best of our knowledge, no study in literature has been devoted to understand its origin. The phenomena are quite complex due to the coupling of the effects of flow and the physico-chemical mechanisms at the interface. The aim of this work is to understand the relations between the instabilities and the defects encountered in multilayer coextruded films and the role of the copolymer formed in-situ between tie and barrier layers. Polyamide 6 (PA6) and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) were used as the barrier layers sandwiched in a polypropylene (PP) with or without a polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) as a tie-layer. The effect of the process parameters and the structure of the polymers on the generation of the “grainy” defect was assessed in correlation with the rheological and the physicochemical properties of the layers. These experiments have shown that this defect appeared mainly in the compatibilized EVOH system and could be distinguished from the usual coextrusion instabilities. The interfacial properties between tie and barrier layers were investigated. The characterization of the interfacial morphology by TEM and AFM highlighted an irregular and rough interface between PP-g-MA and EVOH while a flat interface was observed with PA6 and PP-g-MA. Step shear and startup elongation rheology was shown to be sensitive to the copolymer at the polymer/polymer interface. The study of the interfacial properties highlighted that the copolymer architecture significantly impacts the interfacial roughness and the rheology of the multilayer stuctures. Hence, relations between the relaxation process, the interfacial morphology and the copolymer architecture were established in correlation with the generation of the macroscopic grainy defect in coextrusion
Gauffier, Jean-Luc. "Conception et réalisation d'un appareillage de frottement intérieur destiné à l'étude des matériaux semiconducteurs : application à l'étude de la mobilité des dislocations dans InSb non dopé." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0003.
Full textLouizi, Molka. "Formulation de mélanges de polyoléfines à l’aide d’une extrudeuse à très haute vitesse : Application à la dispersion de particules de traceurs, détectables par fluorescence X ou UV, en vue du tri de déchets polymères post-consommation." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0134.
Full textThis thesis, which is part of the ANR Eco-Tech TRIPTIC project, had the objective of contributing to industrial sorting rate of polymers containing tracers detectable by their fluorescence X or UV properties. At first, given that the cost of tracers selected for TRIPTIC study is quite high, a preliminary study is conducted with models of silica particles to optimize the dispersion of fillers in polypropylene / ethylene-propylene rubber (PP / EPR) matrix. It was found that processing under high shear rate is an effective technology for accomplishing a homogeneous dispersion of micro or nanoscale fillers. In a second step, after optimization of dispersion conditions, our results are extrapolated to the dispersion of UV tracer in different thermoplastic matrices. It was shown that the dispersion of 1000 ppm of micrometer tracer particles, in polypropylene matrices, extruded at high shear rates (N = 800 rpm), has no impact on the mechanical and physico-chemical properties as well as in the photo-degradation of the polymer after UV irradiation exposure. This fine dispersion was beneficial not only for the conservation of the properties of traced polymers but also for achieving a good dynamic detection of UV or X tracers using a prototype developed by the project partners ( Pellenc Selective Technologies , CEA- LITT and ENSAM - RPI ). Finally, high shear processing has successfully used to the compatibilization of ternary blends ( PP / EPR ) / PE (polyethylene) which may correspond to the post-consumer polymers. This technique has proved to be an effective method to produce polymer blends with unique mechanical properties. This novel strategy of compatibilization is of a particular interest, especially for industrial application prospects. It also opens new perspectives for materials lightening as well as “high shear recycling” of immiscible polymers
Abgrall, Florent. "Elaboration de mélanges ternaires à matrice polypropylène renforcés par les contributions combinées de dispersions indépendantes de polyéthylène et polyamide." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0055.
Full textIn order to increase thermoplastic polymer recycling, new blends are studied to open-up new prospects for such materials. The objective is to efficiently combined the effects of two minor phases of polyethylene (PE) and polyamide (PA) to tune the properties of a polypropylene matrix (PP). Specific compatibilisation strategies adapted to each minor phase are established. They allow the self-arrangement in only one step of reactive-extrusion of a controlled morphology with two nodular and independent particle populations finely dispersed in the PP based blend. Thanks to the polyolefin copolymer interphases around PE, these particles promote PP shear yielding instead of matrix crazing. Two different compatibilisation routes are applied at PP/PA interface. The one using maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PPgMA) forms strong bonds between the two homopolymers and a stiff interface. In this case, the higher PA Young’s modulus strengthens the entire blend without inducing brittleness at room temperature thanks to the presence of the PE particles acting as stress dissipater around PA nodules. The alternative compatibilisation based on maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-buthylene-styrene bloc copolymer (SEBSgMA) creates a soft interphase around PA particles. Instead of heighten the blend modulus, this compatibilizer makes the PA particles appear very flexible and act as an impact modifier, and therefore increases the deformation capability of the blend. It is possible to take advantage of the heterogeneous morphology of the ternary polymer blend to design particular composites. Inorganic particles such as talc can be preferentially localized in the PA particles of the blend, minimizing contacts between the filler and the PP matrix. Thus, the cavities due to polymer/filler interface debonding stay confined within a dispersed phase which prevent their growth and the apparition of a catastrophic fracture. On the other hand, talc increases the Young’s modulus of PA particles and consequently the modulus of the entire composite. The design of such a heterogeneous material allows the increase of both strength and toughness simultaneously
Zahour, Selim. "Performances de fibres synthétiques issues du recyclage. Role des propriétés aux interfaces sur le comportements au temps et à l'usage." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR019/document.
Full textWe focused on physical ageing of a non-woven produced by recycled fibers from plastic bottles. This non-woven is produced by drylaid-textile process and is used for building thermal insulation. Two networks are visible and structural relaxation has been investigated through the study of evolution of one fiber skin part with different couple time, temperature. Physical ageing of polymers can be followed by structural relaxation process. We showed that structural relaxation process is very long for temperatures of use far from glass transition temperature. Same results have been shown on the global non-woven stored in non-insulated box governed by Normandy weather. The combination of the two previous results reinforce our basic idea ; the insulator properties variation will be stable for long time only if temperature of use is far from glass transition temperature
Beguinel, Johanna. "Interfacial adhesion in continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites : from micro-scale to macro-scale." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI051.
Full textThe present study was initiated by the development of a new processing route, i.e. latex-dip impregnation, for thermoplastic (TP) acrylic semi-finished materials. The composites resulting from thermocompression of TPREG I plies were studied by focusing of interfacial adhesion. Indeed the fiber/matrix interface governs the stress transfer from matrix to fibers. Thus, a multi-scale analysis of acrylic matrix/fiber interfaces was conducted by considering microcomposites, as models for fiber-based composites, and unidirectional (UD)macro-composites. The study displayed various types of sized glass and carbon fibers. On one hand, the correlation between thermodynamic adhesion and practical adhesion, resulting from micromechanical testing, is discussed by highlighting the role of the physico-chemistry of the created interphase. Wetting and thermodynamical adhesion are driven by the polarity of the film former of the sizing. On the other hand, in-plane shear modulus values from off-axis tensile test results on UD composites are consistent with the quantitative analyses of the interfacial shear strength obtained from microcomposites. More specifically, both tests have enabled a differentiation of interface properties based on the fiber sizing nature for glass and carbon fiber-reinforced (micro-)composites. The study of overall mechanical and interface properties of glass and carbon fiber/acrylic composites revealed the need for tailoring interfacial adhesion. Modifications of the matrix led to successful increases of interfacial adhesion in glass fiber/acrylic composites. An additional hygrothermal ageing study evidenced a significant loss of interfacial shear strength at micro-scale which was not observed for UD composites. The results of this study are a first step towards a database of relevant interface properties of structural TP composites. Finally, the analyses of interfaces/phases at different scales demonstrate the importance of a multi-scale approach to tailor the final properties of composite parts
Yang, Jing. "Phosphonium ionic liquids : Versatile nanostructuration and interfacial agents for poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI072/document.
Full textThis thesis work deals with an understanding of the versatile roles of phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs) as nanostructuration and interfacial agents for the fluorinated polymer matrix, i.e.,poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-CTFE)). In this context, two phosphonium ILs with different functionalities in steric hindrance and extra dipolar groups are firstly incorporated in P(VDF-CTFE) matrix to prepare polymer films. The crystalline phase structure, dispersion morphology and crystallization behavior are finely characterized with the goal of providing a full and deep understanding of the versatile and tunable nanostructuration effect of phosphonium ILs. Subsequently, in order to elucidate the mechanism of interfacial influence of IL, a fluorinated phosphonium IL with a cation structure combining three phenyls and a short fluorinated chain is added on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), making them as functional nanofillers to be incorporated into P(VDF-CTFE) matrix. Thus,P(VDF-CTFE)/graphene composite films with different filler contents are prepared in order to investigate the mechanism of interfacial interaction and its influence on the composite films, such as crystalline phase structure, crystallization behavior, chain segmental relaxation behavior, dispersion morphology and the final dielectric properties