Journal articles: 'Interface raide'

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Ribeiro, Micaela, Olga Sousa Carneiro, and Alexandre Ferreira da Silva. "Interface geometries in 3D multi-material prints by fused filament fabrication." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-05-2017-0107.

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Purpose An issue when printing multi-material objects is understanding how different materials will perform together, especially because interfaces between them are always created. This paper aims to address this interface from a mechanical perspective and evaluates how it should be designed for a better mechanical performance. Design/methodology/approach Different interface mechanisms were considered, namely, microscopic interfaces that are based on chemical bonding and were represented with a U-shape interface; a macroscopic interface characterized by a mechanical interlocking mechanism, represented by a T-shape interface; and a mesoscopic interface that sits between other interface systems and that was represented by a dovetail shape geometry. All these different interfaces were tested in two different material sets, namely, poly (lactic acid)–poly (lactic acid) and poly (lactic acid)–thermoplastic polyurethane material pairs. These two sets represent high- and low-compatibility materials sets, respectively. Findings The results showed, despite the materials’ compatibility level, multi-material objects will have a better mechanical performance through a macroscopic interface, as it is based on a mechanical interlocking system, of which performance cannot be achieved by a simple face-to-face interface even when considering the same material. Originality/value The paper investigates the importance of interface design in multi-material 3D prints by fused filament fabrication. Especially, for parts intended to be subjected to mechanical efforts, simple face-to-face interfaces are not sufficient and more robust and macroscopic-based interface geometries (based on mechanical interlocking systems) are advised. Moreover, such interfaces do not raise esthetic problems because of their working principle; the 3D printing technology can hide the interface geometries, if required.

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de Gier, Jan, Bernard Nienhuis, Paul A. Pearce, and Vladimir Rittenberg. "The Raise and Peel Model of a Fluctuating Interface." Journal of Statistical Physics 114, no. 1/2 (January 2004): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:joss.0000003102.81727.fd.

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Sicart, Miguel. "Reality has always been augmented: Play and the promises of Pokémon GO." Mobile Media & Communication 5, no. 1 (November 28, 2016): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050157916677863.

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This piece provides an explanation to the early success of Pokémon GO. It proposes an argument about how this game exemplifies a computational culture of play. By drawing on philosophy of technology (Floridi, 2013) and game design research (Montola, Stenros, & Waern, 2009), this article argues that the success of Pokémon GO is the result of the development of a play experience and a computational interface for a reality that is already augmented. These interfaces open new possibilities for digital play in public, but they also raise concerns regarding corporate appropriation of public spaces.

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Strickfaden, Shelly C., and Peter M. Pryciak. "Distinct Roles for Two Gα–Gβ Interfaces in Cell Polarity Control by a Yeast Heterotrimeric G Protein." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 1 (January 2008): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-04-0385.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pheromones trigger dissociation of a heterotrimeric G protein (Gαβγ) into Gα-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and Gβγ. The Gβγ dimer regulates both mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade signaling and cell polarization. Here, by independently activating the MAP kinase pathway, we studied the polarity role of Gβγ in isolation from its signaling role. MAP kinase signaling alone could induce cell asymmetry but not directional growth. Surprisingly, active Gβγ, either alone or with Gα-GTP, could not organize a persistent polarization axis. Instead, following pheromone gradients (chemotropism) or directional growth without pheromone gradients (de novo polarization) required an intact receptor–Gαβγ module and GTP hydrolysis by Gα. Our results indicate that chemoattractant-induced cell polarization requires continuous receptor–Gαβγ communication but not modulation of MAP kinase signaling. To explore regulation of Gβγ by Gα, we mutated Gβ residues in two structurally distinct Gα–Gβ binding interfaces. Polarity control was disrupted only by mutations in the N-terminal interface, and not the Switch interface. Incorporation of these mutations into a Gβ–Gα fusion protein, which enforces subunit proximity, revealed that Switch interface dissociation regulates signaling, whereas the N-terminal interface may govern receptor–Gαβγ coupling. These findings raise the possibility that the Gαβγ heterotrimer can function in a partially dissociated state, tethered by the N-terminal interface.

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Xie, Sheng-Xue, Kyle Boone, Sarah Kay VanOosten, Esra Yuca, Linyong Song, Xueping Ge, Qiang Ye, Paulette Spencer, and Candan Tamerler. "Peptide Mediated Antimicrobial Dental Adhesive System." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 8, 2019): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030557.

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The most common cause for dental composite failures is secondary caries due to invasive bacterial colonization of the adhesive/dentin (a/d) interface. Innate material weakness often lead to an insufficient seal between the adhesive and dentin. Consequently, bacterial by-products invade the porous a/d interface leading to material degradation and dental caries. Current approaches to achieve antibacterial properties in these materials continue to raise concerns regarding hypersensitivity and antibiotic resistance. Herein, we have developed a multi-faceted, bio-functionalized approach to overcome the vulnerability of such interfaces. An antimicrobial adhesive formulation was designed using a combination of antimicrobial peptide and a ε-polylysine resin system. Effector molecules boasting innate immunity are brought together with a biopolymer offering a two-fold biomimetic design approach. The selection of ε-polylysine was inspired due to its non-toxic nature and common use as food preservative. Biomolecular characterization and functional activity of our engineered dental adhesive formulation were assessed and the combinatorial formulation demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Our antimicrobial peptide-hydrophilic adhesive hybrid system design offers advanced, biofunctional properties at the critical a/d interface.

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Silva, Thiago Rocha, Jean-Luc Hak, and Marco Winckler. "A Formal Ontology for Describing Interactive Behaviors and Supporting Automated Testing on User Interfaces." International Journal of Semantic Computing 11, no. 04 (December 2017): 513–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x17400219.

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Nowadays many software development frameworks implement Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) as a mean of automating the test of interactive systems under construction. Automated testing helps to simulate user’s actions on the User Interface and therefore check if the system behaves properly and in accordance to scenarios that describe functional requirements. However, tools supporting BDD run tests on implemented User Interfaces and are a suitable alternative for assessing functional requirements in later phases of the development process. However, even when BDD tests can be written in early phases of the development process they can hardly be used with specifications of User Interfaces such as prototypes. To address this problem, this paper proposes to raise the abstraction level of both system interactive behaviors and User Interfaces by means of a formal ontology that is aimed at supporting test automation using BDD. The paper presents an ontology and an ontology-based approach for automating the test of functional requirements of interactive systems. We demonstrate the feasibility of this ontology-based approach to assess functional requirements in prototypes and full-fledge applications through an illustrative case study of e-commerce applications for buying flight tickets.

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Heald, S. M., and E. V. Barrera. "Glancing angle x-ray study of the effect of oxygen on interface reactions in Al/Ni bilayers." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 5 (May 1991): 935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.0935.

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Glancing angle x-ray reflectivity and EXAFS measurements have been made on a series of UHV prepared Al/Ni bilayers with varying amounts of oxygen impurities. These samples show an intrinsic reacted region prior to annealing, and for clean samples further reaction occurs at 250 °C. Oxygen is found to influence strongly the course of the reaction with an effect which depends on its location. A few percent O impurity within the Al film strongly suppresses the grain boundary diffusion path, which allows the growth of a smooth NiAl3 layer. Interfacial O exposures of 60 and 600 Langmuir both inhibit the initial reaction and raise the temperature at which further reaction occurs to as much as 300 °C with an effect which depends on exposure. The thickness of the intrinsic reaction zone is about 60 Å for clean samples, and is nearly eliminated for contaminated interfaces. The results indicate that surface/interface, grain boundary, and bulk diffusion all play important roles in the formation of these interfaces, and that each of these is influenced by O impurities.

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MAYER, GUSZTÁV, GÁBOR HÁZI, JÓZSEF PÁLES, ATTILA R. IMRE, BJÖRN FISCHER, and THOMAS KRASKA. "ON THE SYSTEM SIZE OF LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 15, no. 08 (October 2004): 1049–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183104006492.

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In lattice Boltzmann simulations particle groups — represented by scalar velocity distributions — are moved on a finite lattice. The size of these particle groups is not well-defined although it is crucial to assume that they should be big enough for using a continuous distribution. Here we propose to use the liquid–vapor interface as an internal yardstick to scale the system. Comparison with existing experimental data and with molecular dynamics simulation of Lennard–Jones-argon shows that the number of atoms located on one lattice site is in the order of few atoms. This contradicts the initial assumption concerning the number of particles in the group, therefore seems to raise some doubts about the applicability of the lattice Boltzmann method in certain problems whenever interfaces play important role and ergodicity does not hold.

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Hendery, Rachel, and Andrew Burrell. "Playful interfaces to the archive and the embodied experience of data." Journal of Documentation 76, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 484–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-05-2019-0078.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the possibility for the galleries, libraries, archives and museums sector to employ playful, immersive discovery interfaces for their collections and raise awareness of some of the considerations that go into the decision to use such technology and the creation of the interfaces. Design/methodology/approach This is a case study approach using the methodology of research through design. The paper introduces two examples of immersive interfaces to archival data created by the authors, using these as a springboard for discussing the different kinds of embodied experiences that users have with different kinds of immersion, for example, the exploration of the archive on a flat screen, a data “cave” or arena, or virtual reality. Findings The role of such interfaces in communicating with the audience of an archive is considered, for example, in allowing users to detect structure in data, particularly in understanding the role of geographic or other spatial elements in a collection, and in shifting the locus of knowledge production from individual to community. It is argued that these different experiences draw on different metaphors in terms of users’ prior experience with more well-known technologies, for example, “a performance” vs “a tool” vs “a background to a conversation”. Originality/value The two example interfaces discussed here are original creations by the authors of this paper. They are the first uses of mixed reality for interfacing with the archives in question. One is the first mixed reality interface to an audio archive. The discussion has implications for the future of interfaces to galleries, archives, libraries and museums more generally.

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Heil, Oliver P., and Arien W. Langvardt. "The Interface between Competitive Market Signaling and Antitrust Law." Journal of Marketing 58, no. 3 (July 1994): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800306.

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The authors examine the antitrust implications of certain market behavior, using recent findings from research on competitive market signaling. They show that certain behavior of a firm that is sometimes thought to raise antitrust concerns should be viewed as a natural and permissible facet of competitive interplay in the market. Conversely, they identify other market behavior that should be viewed with much more caution due to the antitrust risks of such behavior. The authors offer new perspectives on the motives and intentions that drive market behavior but may or may not raise antitrust concerns. They also show how competitive signaling research holds considerable promise for a better understanding of when serious antitrust issues are or are not triggered by particular market actions.

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Windhager, Florian, Saminu Salisu, and Eva Mayr. "Exhibiting Uncertainty: Visualizing Data Quality Indicators for Cultural Collections." Informatics 6, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics6030029.

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Uncertainty is a standard condition under which large parts of art-historical and curatorial knowledge creation and communication are operating. In contrast to standard levels of data quality in non-historical research domains, historical object and knowledge collections contain substantial amounts of uncertain, ambiguous, contested, or plainly missing data. Visualization approaches and interfaces to cultural collections have started to represent data quality and uncertainty metrics, yet all existing work is limited to representations for isolated metadata dimensions only. With this article, we advocate for a more systematic, synoptic and self-conscious approach to uncertainty visualization for cultural collections. We introduce omnipresent types of data uncertainty and discuss reasons for their frequent omission by interfaces for galleries, libraries, archives and museums. On this basis we argue for a coordinated counter strategy for uncertainty visualization in this field, which will also raise the efforts going into complex interface design and conceptualization. Building on the PolyCube framework for collection visualization, we showcase how multiple uncertainty representation techniques can be assessed and coordinated in a multi-perspective environment. As for an outlook, we reflect on both the strengths and limitations of making the actual wealth of data quality questions transparent with regard to different target and user groups.

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Swasty, Wirania, and Andreas Rio Adriyanto. "Does Color Matter on Web User Interface Design." CommIT (Communication and Information Technology) Journal 11, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/commit.v11i1.2088.

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Emotional advertising on the Internet such as websites and social media can be highly beneficial for Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs). However, not all ofSMEs have a website that meets all of the principles of website design which are persuasive. Moreover, the color is rarely considered in making websites to raise the emotional bonding between the products and audiences of SMEs. Literature review, observation to four websites as case studies, and questionnaires distributed to respondents randomly were performed. This research aimedto evaluate the extent to which SMEs from Bandung exploited the use of color as an element in the web User Interface (UI) design and to analyze whether thecolor could provide emotional bonding, so the visitors were interested in purchase or trial of the product. This research finds that participants responses to color are various in different demographic factors. Zananachips.com is considered to successfully utilize the color in the web UI design to build its brand identity, raise interest in the trial of the product, and engage the consumer with the website. This research is expected to be a reference forSMEs in creating emotion, motivation, and persuasion through website design.

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Pyatov, P. "Raise and peel models of fluctuating interfaces and combinatorics of Pascal s hexagon." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2004, no. 09 (September 15, 2004): P09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2004/09/p09003.

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Song, Ling, Tao Shen Li, and Yan Chen. "A Real Time Video Transmission Routing Protocol in Multi-Interface Multi-Channel Ad Hoc Based on Queue Length and Delay Contraint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 2354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.2354.

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Real-time video transmission demands tremendous bandwidth, throughput and strict delay. For transmitting real-time video in the multi-interface multi-channel Ad hoc, firstly, we applied multi-interface multi-channel extension methods to the AOMDV (Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector) routing protocol, and improved extant channel switching algorithm, called MIMC-AOMDV (Multi-Interface Multi-Channel AOMDV) routing protocol. Secondly, we proposed video streaming delay QoS(Quality of Service) constraint and link-quality metrics, which used the multi interface queue’s total used length to get QMMIMC-AOMDV (Quality metric MIMC -AOMDV) routing protocol. The simulations show that the proposed QMMIMC-AOMDV can reduce the frame delay effectively and raise frame decodable rate and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), it is more suitable for real-time video streams.

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Conwell, Yeates, Wilfrid N. Raby, and Eric D. Caine. "Suicide and Aging II: The Psychobiological Interface." International Psychogeriatrics 7, no. 2 (June 1995): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610295001955.

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There is an accumulating body of research suggesting that suicidal behavior may be associated with abnormalities of the central serotonin system. Other monoaminergic, peptidergic, and neuroendocrine systems have been implicated as well. A review of studies that examine neurobiological variables in postmortem tissue of suicide victims and controls reveals that investigators in most instances have viewed age as a confound to be controlled rather than considering it as a variable of interest. However, the close associations between aging and increased suicide rates, and the knowledge that the functional integrity of many of these same systems changes with normal and abnormal aging processes, raise the possibility that biological aging contributes to suicide risk, and that the underlying neurobiology of suicide in the elderly differs from that of younger people. The few available studies that did examine the association of age with neurobiological measures indicate directions for future research into the role that aging may play in determining the biological bases of suicide risk.

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Schulze, Kyle D., Alexander I. Bennett, Kyle G. Rowe, and W. Gregory Sawyer. "L’Escargot Rapide: Soft Contacts at High Speeds." Tribology Letters 55, no. 1 (April 18, 2014): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-014-0332-1.

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Nam, Chang S., Matthew Moore, Inchul Choi, and Yueqing Li. "Designing Better, Cost-Effective Brain–Computer Interfaces." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 23, no. 4 (October 2015): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1064804615572625.

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Despite the increase in research interest in the brain–computer interface (BCI), there remains a general lack of understanding of, and even inattention to, human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) issues in BCI research and development. The goal of this article is to raise awareness of the importance of HF/E involvement in the emerging field of BCI technology by providing HF/E researchers with a brief guide on how to design and implement a cost-effective, steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP)–based BCI system. We also discuss how SSVEP BCI systems can be improved to accommodate users with special needs.

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Kharoub, Hind, Mohammed Lataifeh, and Naveed Ahmed. "3D User Interface Design and Usability for Immersive VR." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 13, 2019): 4861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224861.

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This work presents a novel design of a new 3D user interface for an immersive virtual reality desktop and a new empirical analysis of the proposed interface using three interaction modes. The proposed novel dual-layer 3D user interface allows for user interactions with multiple screens portrayed within a curved 360-degree effective field of view available for the user. Downward gaze allows the user to raise the interaction layer that facilitates several traditional desktop tasks. The 3D user interface is analyzed using three different interaction modes, point-and-click, controller-based direct manipulation, and a gesture-based user interface. A comprehensive user study is performed within a mixed-methods approach for the usability and user experience analysis of all three user interaction modes. Each user interaction is quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed for simple and compound tasks in both standing and seated positions. The crafted mixed approach for this study allows to collect, evaluate, and validate the viability of the new 3D user interface. The results are used to draw conclusions about the suitability of the interaction modes for a variety of tasks in an immersive Virtual Reality 3D desktop environment.

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Parker, Simon J. M., Wasim Khan, and Simon Mellor. "Late Nontraumatic Dissociation of the Femoral Head and Trunnion in a Total Hip Arthroplasty." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/738671.

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Background. Modular total hip arthroplasties are increasingly popular because customisation allows optimal restoration of patient biomechanics. However, the introduction of component interfaces provides greater opportunities for failure. We present a case of late nontraumatic dissociation of the head-neck interface, more than 10 years after insertion.Case Description. A 58-year-old woman had a left metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty in 2002 for hip dysplasia. Following an uneventful 10-year period, she presented to hospital in severe pain after standing from a seated position, and radiographs demonstrated complete dissociation of the modular femoral head from the stem, with the femoral head remaining in its cup. There was no prior trauma or infection. Mild wear and metallosis were present on the articulating surface between the femoral head and trunnion. Soft tissues were unaffected.Discussion and Conclusions. This is the latest occurrence reported to date for nontraumatic component failure in such an implant by more than 7 years. The majority of cases occur in the context of dislocation and attempted closed reduction. We analyse and discuss possible mechanisms for failure, aiming to raise awareness of this potential complication and encouraging utmost care in component handling and insertion, as well as the long term follow-up of such patients.

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López, Laura González, and Andreas Trotzke. "¡Mira! The grammar-attention interface in the Spanish left periphery." Linguistic Review 38, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2021-2057.

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Abstract In this paper, we focus on Spanish hearer-oriented particles like the highly frequent verb-based particle mira (lit. ‘look’). We provide a detailed syntactic account of these particles by demonstrating (i) that they must be distinguished from both vocative/appellative and expressive/exclamative particles, and (ii) that they feature illocutionary restrictions familiar from the class of discourse particles in languages other than Spanish. Since our proposal locates mira in the information-structural layer of the clause and, at the same time, demonstrates its sensitivity to the illocutionary component of sentence interpretation, we thus raise more general questions about the interaction between the syntax of speech acts and the syntactic encoding of information structure.

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Meda, G., S. F. Hoysan, and P. S. Steif. "The Effect of Fiber Poisson Expansion in Micro-Indentation Tests." Journal of Applied Mechanics 60, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 986–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901013.

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The fiber micro-indentation push-in test is studied in detail for the case of a Coulomb friction interface law. Using an integral equation method, as well as a finite element method, we investigate the “Poisson effect”; that is, the tendency for the loading to raise the normal stresses at the interface which can, in turn, augment the shear stresses. Results of the detailed analyses are compared with those of an approximate analysis which neglects the induced normal stresses and with one that includes them. A favorable comparison with the latter approximation enables us to assess the effect of material parameters on the strength of the “Poisson effect.”

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Hu, Qiong, Jianjun Sun, and Chenbo Ma. "Thermomechanical coupled analysis of split mechanical seal under different rotation speeds." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 8, no. 12 (December 2016): 168781401667956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814016679565.

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Numerical analysis is employed to investigate the influence of parting surface and combined thermal factor (rotation) on deformation of split mechanical seal. Parting surface takes little effect on the temperature distribution, verified by comparison experiment. Shaft rotation speed does not much affect the radial temperature gradient of the seal end faces but can raise the temperature when being increased. The simulated model turns to a drum, with the parting surfaces, close to the primary sealing interface presenting a convergent taper, becoming open-shaped. Increasing rotation dramatically intensifies the seal end face deformation of both split stationary and rotating seal rings and slightly increases the convergent taper size of the primary sealing interface. However, it takes little effect on the parting surface deformation. Compared with integral mechanical seal, parting surfaces distinctly reduce the primary sealing interface cone as well as the seal end face deformation of both split seal rings.

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Chance, P., J. Griffin, P. Fernando, K. Williamson, and I. Singh. "160Rapid Assessment Interface And Discharge (Raid-Newport): Service Evaluation Of An Enhanced Older Adult Psychiatry Liaison Service." Age and Ageing 46, suppl_1 (May 2017): i45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afx066.160.

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Huang, Feng Li, Jin Mei Gu, and Jin Hong Xu. "Temperature Control System Design of Rapid Thermal Cycle Injection Moulds with Electric Heating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 273 (January 2013): 731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.273.731.

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Rapid thermal cycle injection molding technology with electric heating is a kind of widely-used and high-end injection molding technology; it can raise quality of plastic parts without reducing injection molding production efficiency. In the key technology of rapid thermal cycle injection molding with electric heating, the temperature control is the core technology. In this paper, we mainly design the temperature control system of small and medium size rapid thermal cycle injection molding with electric heating. First, give the temperature control parameters of mold, design the temperature control scheme , select type of PLC and design software of human-computer interface; second, the hardware, software, temperature control algorithm and human-computer interface of temperature control system are designed detailed; last, the temperature control system is simulated.

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Gao, Ling Fei, Ming Zhang, Yu Zhu, and Jing Wang. "An Approach of Constrained Damping Design and Application for the Fine Stage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 1788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1788.

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High dynamic property is a major object in fine stage design, as well as high stability. To raise structural damping is a feasible and effective method. In this paper, an approach is advanced by choosing parameters of structural damping for fine stage, via analysis of the loss factor of the structure. Through the experimental verification, this method could double the damping ratios, and be applicable to the same structures without changing the original interface.

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Jiang, Heng, and Jing Liu. "The Design and Realization of Display and Control Terminal for Radar Echo Simulator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 1116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1116.

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In order to raise the train effect of radar operation efficiently, offer detailed, accurate, visual task situation information, high limit decreases or eliminates to train distorted and operating fault. The paper have put forward a kind of based on GDI + graph display function and USB data communication display the realization method of controlling terminal, Have realized for radar display relatively lifelike imitate, The interface that imitated has included actual radar, is major to display essential factor.

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Pilipenko, V. А., V. A. Saladukha, V. A. Filipenya, R. I. Vorobey, O. K. Gusev, A. L. Zharin, K. V. Pantsialeyeu, A. I. Svistun, A. K. Tyavlovsky, and K. L. Tyavlovsky. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICON-SILICON DIOXIDE INTERFACE USING PROBE ELECTROMETRY METHODS." Devices and Methods of Measurements 8, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 344–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2017-8-4-24-31.

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Introduction of submicron design standards into microelectronic industry and a decrease of the gate dielectric thickness raise the importance of the analysis of microinhomogeneities in the silicon-silicon dioxide system. However, there is very little to no information on practical implementation of probe electrometry methods, and particularly scanning Kelvin probe method, in the interoperational control of real semiconductor manufacturing process. The purpose of the study was the development of methods for nondestructive testing of semiconductor wafers based on the determination of electrophysical properties of the silicon-silicon dioxide interface and their spatial distribution over wafer’s surface using non-contact probe electrometry methods.Traditional C-V curve analysis and scanning Kelvin probe method were used to characterize silicon- silicon dioxide interface. The samples under testing were silicon wafers of KEF 4.5 and KDB 12 type (orientation <100>, diameter 100 mm).Probe electrometry results revealed uniform spatial distribution of wafer’s surface potential after its preliminary rapid thermal treatment. Silicon-silicon dioxide electric potential values were also higher after treatment than before it. This potential growth correlates with the drop in interface charge density. At the same time local changes in surface potential indicate changes in surface layer structure.Probe electrometry results qualitatively reflect changes of interface charge density in silicon-silicon dioxide structure during its technological treatment. Inhomogeneities of surface potential distribution reflect inhomogeneity of damaged layer thickness and can be used as a means for localization of interface treatment defects.

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Taylor, Cynthia, and Bryan Dewsbury. "Barriers to inclusive deliberation and democratic governance of genetic technologies at the science-policy interface." Journal of Science Communication 18, no. 03 (June 14, 2019): Y02. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.18030402.

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Advances in 21st century genetic technologies offer new directions for addressing public health and environmental challenges, yet raise important social and ethical questions. Though the need for inclusive deliberation is widely recognized, institutionalized risk definitions, regulation standards, and imaginations of publics pose obstacles to democratic participation and engagement. This paper traces how the problematic precedents set by the 1975 Asilomar Conference emerge in contemporary discussions on CRISPR, and draws from a recent controversy surrounding field trial releases of genetically modified mosquitoes to explicate the ways in which these precedents undermine efforts to engage publics in decisions at the science-policy interface.

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Chen, Yan Li, and Jian Xu. "Exploration of Teaching Reforming on Microcomputer Principle and Interface Technology in Intensive Training Classes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 2827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.2827.

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The higher education of China has entered the stage of mass education. How to deepen educational reform and continuously raise the quality of education under the current situation has become a focus to the public. The paper has elaborated the aim of the curricular reform for science and engineering intensive training classes and proposed the thoughts and methods on the reform in the teaching of the curriculum Microcomputer Principle and Interface Technology for intensive training classes centered on the cultivation of computational thinking and based on task-driven teaching philosophy. It also made a practical research on the science and engineering intensive training class (Grade 2010) of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT) and achieved positive results.

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Severino, Andrea, Nicolò Piluso, Maria Ausilia di Stefano, Francesco Cordiano, Marco Camalleri, and Giuseppe Arena. "Study of the Post-Oxidation-Annealing (POA) Process on Deposited High-Temperature Oxide (HTO) Layers as Gate Dielectric in SiC MOSFET." Materials Science Forum 963 (July 2019): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.963.456.

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In the development of SiC MOSFETs, further improvements are ongoing to improve device performances. One of the critical part at the device level is the gate oxide/semiconductor interface, being the gate oxide a standard SiO2 layer. This work is focused on the investigation of the effect of post oxidation annealing process (POA) carried out after the deposition of high-temperature oxide (HTO) layer used for dielectric gate formation by using NO and N2O gasses. The variation of Dit by applying the POA in N2O is considerable with respect to the as-deposited oxide layer as the density is reduced of about two order of magnitude. A further reduction of interface trap density from 2.3×1010 to 8.5×109 traps/cm2 has been observed when NO POA process was applied. Full vertical power MOSFETs were also analyzed in order to measure the channel mobility of the device. Channel mobility has been seen to raise its value from 45 cm2/Vs to a value of about 62 cm2/Vs when NO-based POA process was performed. NO-based POA process results in a much more effective interface at device level.

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Nandi, Pradip, Ashima Rawat, Raihan Ahammed, Nityasagar Jena, and Abir De Sarkar. "Group-IV(A) Janus dichalcogenide monolayers and their interfaces straddle gigantic shear and in-plane piezoelectricity." Nanoscale 13, no. 10 (2021): 5460–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr07027k.

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Broken inversion symmetry induces in-plane (d₂₂) and shear piezoelectricity (d₁₅) in Janus GeSSe (SnSSe) monolayers. Application of uniaxial tensile strain and formation of homo-bilayer raise them colossally to 267 pm V⁻¹ and 604 pm V⁻¹, respectively.

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Qi, Xing Guang, and Cai Sheng Shen. "Research and Application of Coordination Controller in Web Inspection System (WIS)." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1832–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1832.

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The study and application of the coordination controller in Web Inspection System (WIS) involves the field of industrial inspection and machine vision technology. The online WIS consists of roller equipment, coordination controller, switch controller, a number of cameras, image management system and management server. Coordination controller based on FPGA design and the LVDS interface, CAN bus interface, is connected through the line with roller equipment, switch controller and a number of camera management server. The CCD camera is connected through the line with image processing systems, and the image processing system connected with management server. Coordinated controller uses a modular design to coordinate control system operation, reduce the CPU load and improve the efficiency of paper defect detection. It is also highly integrated, and able to reduce cabling and costs, so as to raise the efficiency of the controller development, reduce staff workload and improve the working environment.

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Dayal, Veneeta, and Yağmur Sağ. "Determiners and Bare Nouns." Annual Review of Linguistics 6, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011718-011958.

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Determiners and bare nouns raise questions about the interface between morphosyntax and semantics. On the syntactic side, the primary issue is whether bare nouns have a null determiner making all noun phrases structurally uniform. On the semantic side, the primary issue involves determining and deriving the range of permissible readings. Of primary significance are the availability of definite and indefinite readings for bare nouns and how such readings relate to the presence or absence of lexical exponents of (in)definiteness in a language. Further refinements include the special scope properties of kind terms versus regular indefinites, differences between singular and plural kind terms, number distinctions within the noun phrase, and the role of incorporation. We present the theoretical and typological advances that have been made in addressing these issues and identify which considerations are purely syntactic or purely semantic in nature and which considerations have implications for the interface.

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Tadros, George, Rafik A. Salama, Paul Kingston, Nageen Mustafa, Eliza Johnson, Rachel Pannell, and Mahnaz Hashmi. "Impact of an integrated rapid response psychiatric liaison team on quality improvement and cost savings: the Birmingham RAID model." Psychiatrist 37, no. 1 (January 2013): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.111.037366.

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Aims and methodTo evaluate whether the implementation of the Rapid Assessment, Interface and Discharge (RAID) integrated model improves access to psychiatric assessment and reduces cost of health service provision in an acute hospital. Length of hospital stay was calculated using a case-by-case matched control design. Readmission rates were calculated and survival analysis was used to measure endurance in the community following discharge.ResultsIn an acute hospital with 600 beds, the total savings in bed days through reducing length of stay and readmissions was 43–64 beds per day. The elderly care wards provided the majority of bed savings.Clinical implicationsThe development of a rapid response, age-inclusive, comprehensive psychiatric team integrated in an acute hospital can lead to significant savings in health service provision.

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Yáñez Gómez, Rosa, Daniel Cascado Caballero, and José-Luis Sevillano. "Heuristic Evaluation on Mobile Interfaces: A New Checklist." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/434326.

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The rapid evolution and adoption of mobile devices raise new usability challenges, given their limitations (in screen size, battery life, etc.) as well as the specific requirements of this new interaction. Traditional evaluation techniques need to be adapted in order for these requirements to be met. Heuristic evaluation (HE), an Inspection Method based on evaluation conducted by experts over a real system or prototype, is based on checklists which are desktop-centred and do not adequately detect mobile-specific usability issues. In this paper, we propose a compilation of heuristic evaluation checklists taken from the existing bibliography but readapted to new mobile interfaces. Selecting and rearranging these heuristic guidelines offer a tool which works well not just for evaluation but also as a best-practices checklist. The result is a comprehensive checklist which is experimentally evaluated as a design tool. This experimental evaluation involved two software engineers without any specific knowledge about usability, a group of ten users who compared the usability of a first prototype designed without our heuristics, and a second one after applying the proposed checklist. The results of this experiment show the usefulness of the proposed checklist for avoiding usability gaps even with nontrained developers.

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Tsyganova, Anna V., Nicholas J. Brewin, and Viktor E. Tsyganov. "Structure and Development of the Legume-Rhizobial Symbiotic Interface in Infection Threads." Cells 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051050.

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The intracellular infection thread initiated in a root hair cell is a unique structure associated with Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. It is characterized by inverted tip growth of the plant cell wall, resulting in a tunnel that allows invasion of host cells by bacteria during the formation of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule. Regulation of the plant-microbial interface is essential for infection thread growth. This involves targeted deposition of the cell wall and extracellular matrix and tight control of cell wall remodeling. This review describes the potential role of different actors such as transcription factors, receptors, and enzymes in the rearrangement of the plant-microbial interface and control of polar infection thread growth. It also focuses on the composition of the main polymers of the infection thread wall and matrix and the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development of the infection thread. Mutant analysis has helped to gain insight into the development of host defense reactions. The available data raise many new questions about the structure, function, and development of infection threads.

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Zhao, J. X., and H. Qi. "Scattering of Plane Sh-Wave From a Partially Debonded Shallow Cylindrical Elastic Inclusion." Journal of Mechanics 25, no. 4 (December 2009): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100002896.

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ABSTRACTThe scattering of plane SH-wave from a partially debonded shallow cylindrical elastic inclusion in half space is investigated in this paper by complex function method and expansion method of wave function. The debonding regions are considered as multiple arc-shaped interface cracks with non-contacting faces. Firstly, in the inclusion district, the standing wave function in the elastic inclusion with unknown coefficients which satisfies the boundary condition is constructed and generated into the Fourier series; in the half space, the stress and displacement boundary condition around the elastic inclusion can be modeled as the same as the standing wave function in the elastic inclusion. Then, a set of infinite algebraic equations can be obtained around the same boundary and the solution of problem can be gained. In the end, numerical examples of the surface displacement are provided and discussed. It is found that the interface cracks can raise the surface displacement amplitudes to a certain degree.

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Zhang, Yi, Paolo Masci, Paul Jones, and Harold Thimbleby. "Research: User Interface Software Errors in Medical Devices: Study of U.S. Recall Data." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 53, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-53.3.182.

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AbstractThe current work assessed U.S. medical device recalls during 2012–15, with the goal of under-standing the impact and nature of user interface (UI) software errors in medical devices. Based on information from the Food and Drug Administration's public and internal recall databases, 423 (~140/year) medical device recalls were identified as resulting from UI software errors, which accounted for nearly one-half of recalls caused by software errors during the same period. A total of 499 UI software errors were identified as the root causes of medical device recalls, and a detailed classification of those errors (into 20 categories) was established. This error classification can be used by device manufacturers, end users (e.g., healthcare providers), and regulatory authorities to raise awareness of the type and impact of UI software errors. The classification also provides stakeholders with an evidence-based challenge to assess and improve the quality of UI software in medical devices.

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Zhang, Yuming, Bohao Feng, Aleteng Tian, Chengxiao Yu, Zhiruo Liu, and Hongke Zhang. "Dynamic Transmission Rate Control for Multi-Interface IoT Devices: A Stochastic Optimization Framework." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (June 19, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9974261.

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Recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have enabled ubiquitous smart devices to sense and process various kinds of data. However, these innovations also raise the concern of efficient data transmission. Tackling the above issue is nontrivial since the resource constraints and environmental randomness in IoT require a lightweight transmission scheme while guaranteeing system stability. In this paper, we formulate the transmission scheduling problem of multi-interface IoT devices as a concave optimization, aimed at accommodating the randomness of the IoT environment within the network capacity. By applying the Lyapunov optimization technique, we divide the stochastic problem into a series of low-complex subproblems, which can be individually solved per time slot, and develop a dynamical control algorithm that does not require a priori knowledge such as link states. Theoretical analysis shows that our algorithms nicely bound the average queue length and are asymptotically optimal. Finally, extensive simulation results verify the theoretical conclusions and validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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Jitnupong, Boonchoo, and Waraporn Jirachiefpattana. "Information System User Interface Design in Software Services Organization: A Small-Clan Case Study." MATEC Web of Conferences 164 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816401006.

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A user interface (UI) is one of the most significant parts of an information system (IS). A user-friendly UI helps users to carry out their tasks with efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction. UI consists of five elements: metaphor, mental model, navigation, interaction, and appearance. Based on these, the designer must carefully select and design each element to be appropriate for the users. This research examines the influential process named user-centered design (UCD), a well-known process to raise product quality. Furthermore, the roles UI elements in IS development by observing it in a small family software services company in Thailand. The findings of this study show small family team is proper with UI design that concern in usability for user. Even though some UCD processes or UI elements are quite unclear, the clan culture helps team to design UI with flexibility, and unbiassed obtain comments from user.

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Fathima, M. Ismail, and K. S. Joseph Wilson. "Efficiency enhancement of silicon solar cell using effective interface face method in antireflective coating layers." International Journal of Modern Physics C 31, no. 05 (March 20, 2020): 2050076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918312050076x.

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Carrier generation is one of the important processes in solar cell operations. The generation rate depends on the number of photons absorbed by solar cell. This absorption of photons is affected by the reflection losses. The light trapping technique is used to minimize the reflection loss. In this work, a theoretical design of Effective Interface Antireflective Coating (EI-ARC) in solar cell is proposed which is based on the theory of Fabry–Perot interference filters. This design is composed of a space index layer with two subsystems of multilayer, which allows multiple reflections within it. It is shown that the combination of this two systems yields high transmission values over a narrow spectral range. This EI-ARC model increases the Internal Quantum Efficiency (IQE) and carrier generation rate of solar cell. These parameters are significant to raise the efficiency of the solar cell.

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Feng, Xin Qun, Chen Du, and Xiao Dong Liu. "Design & Research of the Traditional Waterfront Interface Houses in Shanghai Ecological Transformation - Pudong Ancient Shao Jia Lou Town House." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 2667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.2667.

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The natural landscape of the pudong ancient town in Shanghai's waterfront with "bridges, water, people" rich in distinctive cultural landscape has always been popular. Rustic country setting and its rich cultural heritage have attracted many people to want to get to know it. Ancient town in Shanghai have been famous in the world too. "Authenticity" town folk culture is the essence of the town's cultural heritage. On one hand, the attention to the life of local residents and traditional architecture "authenticity" can revitalize traditional cultural heritage, promote tourism development and protection of ancient town. On the other hand, building ecology, energy conservation, and sustainability are the current world trend, most importantly the needs of the world's sustainable economic development. In this paper, taking Shao Jia Lou town house as an example for the transformation of the traditional waterfront interface, based on the waterfront interface environmental features, the adoption of the internal layout of the building materials and re-design the ventilation system, heating systems and new energy sources, ecological transformation has been carefully designed. In addition, some practical design studies have been done regarding the diversification of the use of small space. The precondition of making people aware of China's traditional ecological transformation of the waterfront interface is to extend the traditional culture, ancient town in Shanghai, protect and improve the waterfront environment and raise living standards.

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Sait, Sadiq M., and Ghalib A. Al-Hashim. "Novel Design of Collaborative Automation Platform Using Real-Time Data Distribution Service Middleware for an Optimum Process Control Environment." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 06 (March 31, 2016): 1650063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616500638.

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Refining and petrochemical processing facilities utilize various process control applications to raise productivity and enhance plant operation. Client–server communication model is used for integrating these highly interacting applications across multiple network layers utilized in distributed control systems. This paper presents an optimum process control environment by merging sequential and regulatory control, advanced regulatory control, multivariable control, unit-based process control, and plant-wide advanced process control into a single collaborative automation platform to ensure optimum operation of processing equipment for achieving maximum yield of all manufacturing facilities. The main control module is replaced by a standard real-time server. The input/output racks are physically and logically decoupled from the controller by converting them into distributed autonomous process interface systems. Real-time data distribution service middleware is used for providing seamless cross-vendor interoperable communication among all process control applications and distributed autonomous process interface systems. Detailed performance analysis was conducted to evaluate the average communication latency and aggregate messaging capacity among process control applications and distributed autonomous process interface systems. The overall performance results confirm the viability of the new proposal as the basis for designing an optimal collaborative automation platform to handle all process control applications. It also does not impose any inherent limit on the aggregate data messaging capacity, making it suitable for scalable automation platforms.

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Sims, Richard P., Ute Schuster, Andrew J. Watson, Ming Xi Yang, Frances E. Hopkins, John Stephens, and Thomas G. Bell. "A measurement system for vertical seawater profiles close to the air–sea interface." Ocean Science 13, no. 5 (September 4, 2017): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-13-649-2017.

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Abstract. This paper describes a near-surface ocean profiler, which has been designed to precisely measure vertical gradients in the top 10 m of the ocean. Variations in the depth of seawater collection are minimized when using the profiler compared to conventional CTD/rosette deployments. The profiler consists of a remotely operated winch mounted on a tethered yet free-floating buoy, which is used to raise and lower a small frame housing sensors and inlet tubing. Seawater at the inlet depth is pumped back to the ship for analysis. The profiler can be used to make continuous vertical profiles or to target a series of discrete depths. The profiler has been successfully deployed during wind speeds up to 10 m s−1 and significant wave heights up to 2 m. We demonstrate the potential of the profiler by presenting measured vertical profiles of the trace gases carbon dioxide and dimethylsulfide. Trace gas measurements use an efficient microporous membrane equilibrator to minimize the system response time. The example profiles show vertical gradients in the upper 5 m for temperature, carbon dioxide and dimethylsulfide of 0.15 °C, 4 µatm and 0.4 nM respectively.

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Chen, Huan Ming, and Zhou Ping Liu. "Offline Programming for an Arc Welding Robot with Redundant DOF." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 1623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.1623.

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To raise the programming efficiency of arc welding robots, the offline programming system was developed for a Motoman-UP20 robot with redundant degrees of freedom in VC++ integration environment. The system consists of kinematics analysis, motion simulation, welding trajectory plan, welding parameters plan and job file generating module. It can plan the motion path and posture of welding gun for saddle-shape seams, and display the workpiece on the interface synchronically. Job instructions can be made step by step, or generated automatically. Kinematics simulation module and communication module are integrated together, and job files can be exchanged between PC and robot controller via Ethernet to realize remote control.

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Yu, Shao Pu, Kai Bi Zhang, and Rong Luo. "Study on SBO in the Real-Time Data Acquisition of Iron and Steel Enterprise." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.438.

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On the basis of research on the steel enterprise information system in the current domestic small and medium-scale iron and discovery of the adequate for the existing system, a idea of the combination the real-time database technology with advanced management services is put forward. By SBO platform we construct the general production framework based real-time database and design its main functional modules; at the same time, we summarize the overview of the interface method with real-time database, finally we realize the program .The program helps raise the level of corporate information production and productivity, reduce production costs significantly and improve their market competitiveness.

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Li, Gang, Yong Cheng Xie, Guang Sheng Li, and Ning Wei. "Design of Armored Vehicles Lead-Acid Battery State Monitoring System." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.296.

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In order to raise the maintenance efficiency of the armored vehicles Lead-Acid battery, this paper introduces an state monitoring system of Lead-Acid battery. The system used the ATMEGA8 as the control core. Through designing measuring circuit of the terminal voltage, internal resistance and temperature as well as building a human-computer interaction user interface using the C++builder, the system can fast and accurately monitors the state of battery. At the same time, we try to use the lock-in amplifying technology to measure the battery inner resistance. The experiment results show that the system easy to use and has a high accuracy.

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Gusarov, Sergey Alexandrovich, Vladimir Nikolaevich Karasev, Yuri Alexandrovich Kostikov, Yuri Alexandrovich Rzhavin, and Aleksandr Mikhailovich Romanenkov. "DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE FOR CALCULATION AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE FLOW PARTS OF TURBOJET ENGINE." Computational nanotechnology 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2313-223x-2019-6-2-53-56.

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To date, the turbojet dual-circuit engine (turbojet) is the most common air-jet aircraft engine due to low fuel consumption and a number of other advantages. The purpose of this work is to develop a software package for calculating the parameters of the flow part of the turbojet with an intuitive and user-friendly modern interface that allows further expansion of the functionality due to the modular architecture. The developed software package is allowed to raise the process of designing the flow part of the turbojet to a higher level, thereby reducing not only the time of its development, but also the costs.

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Peixoto, I., C. Santos, M. Sousa, and S. Pimenta. "Catatonic features in adolescence: Interfaces with affective disorders." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1273.

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IntroductionCatatonia is a potentially life-threatening but treatable neuropsychiatric syndrome. The prevalence of catatonia in children and adolescents is probably underestimated since investigation on this matter is still lacking. Different studies have led to the recognition of catatonia as a separate psychiatric entity, as reflected in DSM-5, renewing interest on this subject. While in the adult population there is evidence highlighting the strong association between catatonia and affective disorders, this has been poorly reflected in child and adolescent psychiatry literature. In fact, most of the research in this population focuses on associations with organic, psychotic or developmental disorders.ObjectivesWe aim to illustrate the diagnostic challenges when facing an adolescent with catatonia encompassing psychiatric, neurologic and immunologic factors known as possible causes for this condition. We aim to explain the diagnostic procedure and the possible clinical results of this workup, as well as raise the discussion around treatment options.MethodsWe used a clinical case vignette of a 14-year-old adolescent, presenting with a stress-induced catatonic syndrome and depressive symptoms without any prior organic or psychiatric condition. We reviewed the most relevant literature in order to contextualize our clinical case.Results and conclusionCatatonia is an under-recognized condition in children and adolescents without a prior medical or psychiatric condition, especially when associated with affective disorders. The inclusion of catatonia as a specific syndrome in the psychiatric nosography may help its recognition. Case reports on this matter are therefore especially important as a way of pushing clinical investigation on this matter forward.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Kharge, Angana Banerjee, You Wu, and Carrie E. Perlman. "Surface tension in situ in flooded alveolus unaltered by albumin." Journal of Applied Physiology 117, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 440–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00084.2014.

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In the acute respiratory distress syndrome, plasma proteins in alveolar edema liquid are thought to inactivate lung surfactant and raise surface tension, T. However, plasma protein-surfactant interaction has been assessed only in vitro, during unphysiologically large surface area compression (%Δ A). Here, we investigate whether plasma proteins raise T in situ in the isolated rat lung under physiologic conditions. We flood alveoli with liquid that omits/includes plasma proteins. We ventilate the lung between transpulmonary pressures of 5 and 15 cmH2O to apply a near-maximal physiologic %Δ A, comparable to that of severe mechanical ventilation, or between 1 and 30 cmH2O, to apply a supraphysiologic %Δ A. We pause ventilation for 20 min and determine T at the meniscus that is present at the flooded alveolar mouth. We determine alveolar air pressure at the trachea, alveolar liquid phase pressure by servo-nulling pressure measurement, and meniscus radius by confocal microscopy, and we calculate T according to the Laplace relation. Over 60 ventilation cycles, application of maximal physiologic %Δ A to alveoli flooded with 4.6% albumin solution does not alter T; supraphysiologic %Δ A raise T, transiently, by 51 ± 4%. In separate experiments, we find that addition of exogenous surfactant to the alveolar liquid can, with two cycles of maximal physiologic %Δ A, reduce T by 29 ± 11% despite the presence of albumin. We interpret that supraphysiologic %Δ A likely collapses the interfacial surfactant monolayer, allowing albumin to raise T. With maximal physiologic %Δ A, the monolayer likely remains intact such that albumin, blocked from the interface, cannot interfere with native or exogenous surfactant activity.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Interface raide'

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