Dissertations / Theses: 'Interface syntaxe'

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Galal, Abdel Wahab Moustafa Mohamed. "Les constructions exceptives du français et de l’arabe : syntaxe et interface sémantique-syntaxe." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100001/document.

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La présente recherche s’intéresse à la syntaxe des constructions exceptives (CE) et sa correspondance avec la sémantique au sein de deux langues : le français et l’arabe. À partir d’un corpus d’exemples attestés, nous proposons pour le français une classification des CE en deux classes majeures à comportements syntaxiques distincts : les CE-paradigmatiques qui s’apparentent, du point de vue syntaxique, à la coordination et les CE-hypotactiques qui relèvent au contraire de la subordination. Nous situerons notre analyse des marqueurs sauf, excepté, hormis, etc. dans le cadre des listes/entassements paradigmatiques, constructions dans lesquelles deux éléments occupent la même position syntaxique et dont le cas le plus connu est la coordination. Cette analyse s’éloigne de celle généralement associée à ces marqueurs dans les grammaires et les dictionnaires français qui les traitent comme des prépositions. Pour l’arabe, nous proposons une répartition tripartite des CE qui prend en considération les spécificités de l’arabe par rapport au français. En plus des CE-paradigmatiques et des CE-hypotactiques, nous identifions, en arabe, une troisième classe, celle des CE-paratactiques, qui sont des constructions à tête verbale qui relèvent de la parataxe, procédé particulièrement développé en arabe. Nos analyses nous amènent à considérer les marqueurs ʾillā, ġayr et siwā en arabe comme des conjonctions de coordination. Ces items, comme leurs homologues français, mettent en relation deux éléments X et Y où X à droite du marqueur et Y à gauche forment des listes/entassements paradigmatiques au sens où ils partagent la même fonction syntaxique dans l’énoncé. Nous analysons les unités ʿadā (mā-ʿadā), ẖalā (mā-ẖalā), ḥāšā (mā-ḥāšā) comme des verbes. Ces verbes introduisent une proposition qui entretient une relation de parataxe avec la proposition précédente. Nous considérons, enfin, les unités bistiṯnāʾi et biẖilāfi comme des locutions prépositives introduisant une séquence qui entretient une relation de subordination avec la proposition principale
This research takes an interest the syntax of exceptive constructions (ECs) and its correspondence with semantic within two languages: French and Arabic. Based on a corpus of authentic examples, we suggest a classification of ECs into two major categories with dissimilar syntactic behaviors: the paradigmatic-ECs, which are syntactically related to coordination and the hypotactic-ECs, which are contrarily related to subordination. We will focus our analysis on the markers sauf, excepté, hormis, etc. and analyze them as particular case of paradigmatic lists/piles, in which two segments of the utterance pile up on the same syntactic position and whose most famous case is coordination. This analysis is different from the one generally associated with these markers in French grammars and dictionaries which consider them as prepositions. For Arabic, we propose a tripartite classification of ECs that considers the specificities of Arabic relative to French. In addition to the paradigmatic-ECs and the hypotactic-ECs, we identify, in Arabic, a third class, the paratactic-ECs, which are constructions with a verbal head that belong to the parataxis, a process particularly developed in Arabic. Our analyzes lead us to consider the markers ʾillā, ġayr and siwā in Arabic as coordinating conjunctions. These items, like their French counterparts, relate two elements where X on the right of the marker and Y on the left form paradigmatic lists/piles, in the sense that they fulfill the same syntactic function in the utterance. We analyze the lexical items ʿadā (mā-ʿadā), ẖalā (mā-ẖalā), ḥāšā (mā-ḥāšā) as verbs. These verbs introduce a clause that maintains a parataxic relation with the preceding clause. Finally, we consider the items bistiṯnā'i and biẖilāfi as prepositive phrases introducing a sequence that maintains a subordinate relationship with the main clause

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Avanzi, Mathieu. "L' interface prosodie/syntaxe en français : Dislocations, incises et asyndètes." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100065.

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Une hypothèse communément partagée est que la structure prosodique d’un énoncé donné en français repose sur l’identification des syllabes proéminentes et de tons de frontières de différents degrés qui le ponctue. Les divergences entre les spécialistes sont à chercher dans les méthodes employées pour mettre au jour cette structure. Deux approches sont possibles : (i) une approche guidée par les hypothèses, qui considère que la structure prosodique peut être décrite sur la base d’informations syntaxiques, informationnelles et métriques, (ii) une approche guidée par les données, qui considère que les paramètres pertinents pour décrire la structure prosodique peut être définie à partir d’indices perceptifs/acoustiques uniquement. Ma thèse s’inscrit clairement dans le second paradigme. Pour décrire la structure prosodique du français, j’ai développé avec l’aide de spécialistes du traitement automatique le logiciel Analor. Cet outil a pour fonction de détecter des syllabes proéminentes et des frontières prosodiques sur la base d’indices acoustiques essentiellement. La mise au jour des ces proéminences et frontières de différents degrés est importante pour décrire le français parlé. Elle permet de vérifier certaines hypothèses intonosyntaxiques en circulation dans la communauté (par exemple : le constituant extraposé à gauche dans une dislocation est toujours ponctué d’un accent ? l’absence de qu- est suppléée à l’oral par un « morphème » suprasegmental ?). Mais elle permet aussi d’apporter de nouveaux arguments pour décrire le statut grammatical que les indices syntaxiques ne permettent pas d’expliquer de façon satisfaisante à eux-seuls (comme les greffes de constructions verbales à valeur temporelle), ou d’examiner avec de nouvelles données le rôle « subordonnant » de la prosodie
A hypothesis that is widely shared is that prosodic structure relies on the identification of boundaries and syllabic prominences of different degrees. Differences exist among scholars in the methods they employ to identify this structure. There are at least two distinct approaches: (i) one guided by hypotheses, which assumes that prosodic structure can be predicted on the basis of syntax, information structure and metrical organization; (ii) an alternative, data-driven approach, which takes only those parameters that can be derived from perceptual and acoustic data as meaningful for defining prosodic structure. My research is clearly part of the second paradigm. In order to describe French prosodic structure, I developed, with the help of specialists in automatic language processing, a piece of software named Analor. The purpose of this software tool is to detect major prosodic breaks and prominent syllables solely on the basis of acoustic cues. Identifying prominences and boundaries of different strengths is important in describing spoken French. This makes it possible to test some widely-shared intuitions about the relation of prosody and syntax (such as, a left-dislocated constituent is always followed by a strong prosodic break, or, the deletion of qu- in spoken French is compensated for prosodically). It also becomes possible to offer new descriptions of some constructions that are not well-accounted for by syntax alone (as in the case of temporal parataxis), and to bring new data to bear on the “subordinate” role of prosodic cues

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Chun, Jihye. "Interface syntaxe-topologie et amas verbal en coréen et en français." Phd thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867292.

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Le but de cette thèse est d'analyser la question de l'ordre des mots en coréen et en français, et d'éclairer en quoi ces deux langues génétiquement et typologiquement très éloignées mettent en évidence une même notion d'amas verbal. Nous développons une modélisation simple de l'ordre des mots du coréen dans le cadre de la grammaire de dépendance topologique - première modélisation topologique pour cette langue - un système de règles d'ordre formelles décrivant la correspondance entre l'arbre de dépendance d'une phrase et une structure de constituants ordonnée. C'est à ce niveau qu'apparaît l'amas verbal, un constituant topologique cohésif, qui favorise la non-projectivité de constructions comme la relativisation, le clivage et la topicalisation. Il apparaît tant en coréen qu'en français, tout en ayant des propriétés différentes d'une langue à l'autre. Nous montrons ainsi qu'un petit nombre de règles d'ordre peut rendre compte de l'ordre des mots du coréen, considéré comme une langue à ordre relativement libre. Ce résultat se fonde sur notre tentative préalable d'analyser, d'une manière simple et cohérente, la structure de la phrase coréenne en nous basant sur la théorie de la translation.

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Tayalati, Fayssal. "Les adjectifs à complément au datif en français : interface sémantique-syntaxe." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL30038.

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Le présent travail se propose d'étudier les adjectifs français à complément au datif. Souvent considérés comme des adjectifs ordinaires qui prédiquent une propriété du syntagme qu'ils prennent en fonction de sujet dans la construction SN êtreadjectif complémentdatif et dont la seule particularité syntaxique est de régir un complément marqué par le cas datif, ces adjectifs offrent un observatoire intéressant à tous les niveaux et se distinguent des autres adjectifs français. Sur le plan sémantique, la plupart des adjectifs à complément au datif n'expriment pas une propriété de leurs "sujets" même si la construction avec être les présente comme des prédicables de ceux-ci. Les relations prédicatives sont inversées et les adjectifs en question semblent signifier des propriétés qui sont celles des référents des compléments au datif avant d'être aux sujets. Au niveau syntaxique, et sauf de rares exceptions, les adjectifs à complément au datif n'ont que des arguments internes. Ces deux propriétés les opposent aux autres adjectifs français transitifs et intransitifs et font partie d'un ensemble de caractéristiques qui permettent, d'un côté, d'isoler les adjectifs à complément au datif parmi l'ensemble des adjectifs, de l'autre, de faire ressortir l'homogénéité du marquage de leurs compléments par le cas datif, lequel paraît au terme de ce travail comme étant à l'interface de la sémantique et de la syntaxe

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Morey, Mathieu. "Étiquetage grammatical symbolique et interface syntaxe-sémantique des formalismes grammaticaux lexicalisés polarisés." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640561.

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Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur l'analyse syntaxique et sémantique de la phrase, en utilisant pour l'analyse syntaxique un formalisme grammatical lexicalisé polarisé et en prenant comme exemple les grammaires d'interaction. Dans les formalismes grammaticaux lexicalisés, les polarités permettent de contrôler explicitement la composition des structures syntaxiques. Nous exploitons d'abord le besoin de composition exprimé par certaines polarités pour définir une notion faible de réduction de grammaire applicable à toute grammaire lexicalisée polarisée. Nous étudions ensuite la première phase de l'analyse syntaxique des formalismes lexicalisés: l'étiquetage grammatical. Nous exploitons là encore le besoin de composition de certaines polarités pour concevoir trois méthodes symboliques de filtrage des étiquetages grammaticaux que nous implantons sur automate. Nous abordons enfin l'interface syntaxe-sémantique des formalismes lexicalisés. Nous montrons comment l'utilisation de la réécriture de graphes comme modèle de calcul permet concrètement d'utiliser des structures syntaxiques riches pour calculer des représentations sémantiques sous-spécifiées.

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Fradin, Bernard. "Organisation de l'information lexicale et interface morphologie/syntaxe dans le domaine verbal." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080791.

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Cette these decrit les formes d'auxiliation temporelle du francais. Elle insere cette description au sein d'un questionnement plus vaste centre autour de la representation du simple et du complexe en linguistique. La premiere partie reprend et formalise la question du mode de description. Le style ita correspond a une approche configurationnelle,alors que les styles itp et lep (lexeme et paradigme) correspondent a une approche processuelle. La deuxieme partie montre que la morphologie constitue un plan d'organisation propre,distinct de la syntaxe. Les notions d'entree lexicale,de morpheme,d'affixe,et de lexeme,sont elaborees en detail. Les phenomenes morphologiques ne peuvent etre decrits au moyen d'une morphologie morphematique classique,y compris ceux essentiellement concatenatoires. La derivation (standard ou avec troncation,allomorphie, suppletion) recoit un traitement detaille et formalise. Sont discutes egalement la parasynthese et les paradoxes de parenthesage. La troisieme partie s'ouvre sur une discussion critique des analyses des formes verbales du francais. Des arguments sont avances en faveur d'une recursion gauche de l'auxiliaire en francais. On propose une explication pour l'impossibilite des formes sursurcomposees. L'analyse des temps simples est donnee pour tous les verbes a toutes les conjugaisons. Ces formes sont la realisation de traits grammaticaux de flexion
This thesis aims at describing french verbal auxiliaries. This description is put back in a broader range of questions concerning what linguistics considers as simple and complex. One of the major topics discussed in the first part is the question of the styles of description. We show that ita corresponds to a configurational approach,while both itp and wap are coined with a processual approach. Does the morphology constitute a system of its own,with categories and rules distinguished from those of syntax? the second part answers positively to this question and argues that the classical morphemic approach is unsuited to account for describing morphological phenomena,whatever they are. A detailed and formal account of most derivational phenomena in french is given, including those with truncation,allomorphy or suppletion. A treatment is proposed of the so-called parasynthetic forms. Bracketing paradoxes are also discussed at length. The third part begins with a criticism of the most influential analyses of french auxiliaries. In the following chapters, it is argued that complex verb forms involve a left side recursion and a configurational representation. Dur analysis gives a principled explanation of why there is no form with more than two temporal auxiliaries. The various surface forms of simple verbal tenses are accounted for through the application of chained functions. The verbal terminations are not affixes but the exponence of grammatical features carried by the verb

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Gazdik, Anna. "Multiple questions in french and hungarian : a lexical-functional analysis with special emphasis on the syntax-discourse interface." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070039.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'offrir une analyse des questions multiples en français et en hongrois dans le cadre de la grammaire lexicale-fonctionnelle (LFG). L'analyse est centrée sur les aspects syntaxiques, discursives et leur interface. L'étude des questions multiples est intégrée dans une approche plus générale des fonctions du discours et de la structure discursive, qui s'avèrent cruciales dans l'analyse. Je propose une structure syntaxique qui est neutre vis-à-vis le discours dans la sens où elle ne contient pas de positions désignées pour les fonctions du discours. Ces-dernières sont définies sémantiquement et pragmatiquement, et distinguées systématiquement du soulignement formel. Les deux niveaux représentationnels principaux de LFG sont la structure en constituants et la structure informationnelle. De plus, une représentation possible de la structure discursive est aussi examinée. L'architecture de la structure informationnelle proposée ne contient pas les fonctions du discours en tant que primitifs, mais est basée sur leurs propriétés fondamentales : proéminence et l'ancrage discursif. L'interprétation des questions multiples (le type de réponse qu'elles attendent) est dérivée directement de la correspondance des structures en constituants et informationnelle en hongrois. Les questions multiples attendant une réponse en liste de paires contiennent un mot , qui discursivement ancré, qui apparaît dans une position associée avec cette propriété. Les questions multiples attendant une réponse de paire unique ne contiennent pas de tel mot qu. En français, par contre, la syntaxe est moins révélatrice de ce point de vue et la prosodie joue un rôle plus important
In this thesis, I aim at providing an analysis of multiple questions in Hungarian and Prench, in the framework of Lexical- Functional Grammar (LFG). The analysis con¬centrates on the syntactic and discursive aspects and on their interface. The study of multiple questions is embedded in a more comprehensive account of discourse functions and discourse structure, which both play a crucial role in tho analysis. It is argued that syntactic structure is discourse-neutral in the sense that it does not contain designated syntactic positions for discourse functions, such as topic and focus, even in discourse-configurational languages. Discourse functions are, in turn, defined semantically and pragmatically, systematically distinguished from formal highlighting. The two main representational levels of LFG considered are the constituent structure and the information structure. In addition, a possible discourse struc¬ture représentation is also explored. The proposed i-structure architecture does not contain the discourse functions as its primitives, but builds on two fondamental properties of those: prominence and D-linkedness Although prominence is un-derstood as a semantic notion, prominent elements are also formally highlighted, which is formalized with the help of correspondence functions between constituent structure and information structure on the one hand, and prosodic structure and information structure on the other. The former assumes that certain syntactic positions are associated with these information structure properties. The interpretation of multiple questions (the type of answer they license) in Hungarian is directly derived from this constituent structure— information structure correspondence. Multiple questions that expect pair-list answers contain a D-linked question word, which appears in a position associated with this property. No such question word is present in multiple questions licensing single-pair answers. Syntax is not revelatory in French in this respect, where prosody is argued to play a crucial role

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Ben, Khelil Cherifa. "Construction semi-automatique d'une grammaire d'arbres adjoints pour l'analyse syntaxico-sémantique de l'arabe." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE2013.

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Cette thèse traite de la description formelle et du développement d’une grammaire électronique de la langue arabe. Ce travail est un prérequis à la création d’outils de traitement automatique de l’arabe.Cette langue présente de nombreux défis pour un traitement automatique. En effet l’ordre de mots en arabe est relativement libre, la morphologie y est riche et les diacritiques sont omis dans les textes écrits. Bien que plusieurs travaux de recherche aient abordé certaines de ces problématiques, les ressources électroniques utiles pour le traitement de l’arabe demeurent relativement rares ou encore peu disponibles. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la représentation de la syntaxe (ordre des mots) et du sens de l’arabe standard moderne. Comme système formel de représentation de la langue, nous avons choisi le formalisme des grammaires d’arbres adjoints (Tree Adjoining Grammar). Nous avons ainsi proposé une grammaire d’arbres adjoints électronique de l’arabe nommée « ArabTAG V2.0 ». Cette ressource réutilise en partie la modélisation préexistante dans la grammaire définie manuellement «ArabTAG » et l’intègre à une représentation abstraite appelée méta-grammaire. L’expert linguiste peut ainsi décrire la syntaxe et sémantique de la langue avec des outils d’abstraction facilitant la maintenance et l’extension de la grammaire. La grammaire ainsi décrite compte 1074 règles syntaxiques (non lexicalisées) et 27 cadres sémantiques (relations prédicatives). Cette ressource a été évaluée en analysant un corpus issu d’extraits d’un manuel scolaire d’apprentissage de l’arabe
This thesis deals with the formal description and development of an electronic grammar of Arabic language. This work is a prerequisite for the creation of automatic Arabic processing tools. This language presents many challenges for automatic processing. Indeed the order of words in Arabic is relatively free,the morphology is rich and the diacritics are omitted in written texts. Although several research studies have addressed some of these issues, electronic resources useful for the processing of Arabic remain relatively rare or not widely available. In this thesis work, we are interested in the representation of syntax (word order) and the meaning of modern standard Arabic. As a formal system of language representation, we chose the formalism of Tree Adjoining Grammar. Thus we proposed an electronic adjoint tree grammar of Arabic named"ArabTAGV2.0". This resource partially reuses the pre-existing modeling in the manually defined grammar "ArabTAG" and integrates it into an abstract representation called meta-grammar. The linguistic expert canthus describe the syntax and semantics of the language with abstraction tools facilitating the maintenance and extension of the grammar. The new described grammar has 1074 syntactical rules (not lexicalized) and27 semantic frameworks (predicative relations). This resource was evaluated by analyzing a corpus from excerpts of an Arabic textbook

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Ribeyre, Corentin. "Méthodes d’analyse supervisée pour l’interface syntaxe-sémantique : de la réécriture de graphes à l’analyse par transitions." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC119.

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Aujourd'hui, le volume de données textuelles disponibles est colossal. Ces données représentent des informations inestimables impossibles à traiter manuellement. De fait, il est essentiel d'utiliser des techniques de Traitement Automatique des Langues pour extraire les informations saillantes et comprendre le sens sous-jacent. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans cette perspective et proposent des ressources, des modèles et des méthodes pour permettre : (i) l'annotation automatique de corpus à l'interface entre la syntaxe et la sémantique afin d'en extraire la structure argumentale (ii) l'exploitation des ressources par des méthodes efficaces. Nous proposons d’abord un système de réécriture de graphes et un ensemble de règles de réécriture manuellement écrites permettant l'annotation automatique de la syntaxe profonde du français. Grâce à cette approche, deux corpus ont vu le jour : le DeepSequoia, version profonde du corpus Séquoia et le DeepFTB, version profonde du French Treebank en dépendances. Ensuite, nous proposons deux extensions d'analyseurs par transitions et les adaptons à l'analyse de graphes. Nous développons aussi un ensemble de traits riches issus d'analyses syntaxiques. L'idée est d'apporter des informations topologiquement variées donnant à nos analyseurs les indices nécessaires pour une prédiction performante de la structure argumentale. Couplé à un analyseur par factorisation d'arcs, cet ensemble de traits permet d'établir l'état de l'art sur le français et de dépasser celui établi pour les corpus DM et PAS sur l'anglais. Enfin, nous explorons succinctement une méthode d'induction pour le passage d'un arbre vers un graphe
Nowadays, the amount of textual data has become so gigantic, that it is not possible to deal with it manually. In fact, it is now necessary to use Natural Language Processing techniques to extract useful information from these data and understand their underlying meaning. In this thesis, we offer resources, models and methods to allow: (i) the automatic annotation of deep syntactic corpora to extract argument structure that links (verbal) predicates to their arguments (ii) the use of these resources with the help of efficient methods. First, we develop a graph rewriting system and a set of manually-designed rewriting rules to automatically annotate deep syntax in French. Thanks to this approach, two corpora were created: the DeepSequoia, a deep syntactic version of the Séquoia corpus and the DeepFTB, a deep syntactic version of the dependency version of the French Treebank. Next, we extend two transition-based parsers and adapt them to be able to deal with graph structures. We also develop a set of rich linguistic features extracted from various syntactic trees. We think they are useful to bring different kind of topological information to accurately predict predicat-argument structures. Used in an arc-factored second-order parsing model, this set of features gives the first state-of-the-art results on French and outperforms the one established on the DM and PAS corpora for English. Finally, we briefly explore a method to automatically induce the transformation between a tree and a graph. This completes our set of coherent resources and models to automatically analyze the syntax-semantics interface on French and English

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Rucart, Pierre. "Morphologie gabaritique et interface phonosyntaxique : aspects de la morphologie verbale en afar." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070060.

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Ce travail est consacré à la morphophonologie du système verbal de deux langues couchitiques, principalement l'afar, et secondairement le bedja. Ces deux langues ont la particularité de posséder deux classes verbales : l'une a une flexion exclusivement suffixale, tandis que la flexion de l'autre fait appel à la fois à des préfixes et à des suffixes. La mise au jour d'une distribution du vocalisme des verbes en afar a conduit à donner une représentation des verbes à l'aide d'un unique gabarit. La mise en place d'une interface gabaritique entre phonologie et syntaxe a permis de proposer une structure hiérarchisée des domaines gabaritiques et de rendre compte des interactions entre les différentes composantes de la Grammaire. Ainsi, il a été possible de donner une analyse unifiée de la morphologie verbale pour l'ensemble des verbes
This work is dedicated to the morphophonology of verbal System in two Cushitic languages, mainly Afar, and secondarily Bedja. These two languages possess two verbal classes : one with a strictly suffixal inflection, the other with both prefixes and suffixes. The distribution of the vocalism in Afar verbs allows us to give a underlying representation of verbs with a single template. The proposition of a templatic interface between phonology and syntax gives a hierarchical structure to the templatics domains and allows one to take into account the relationships between the different components of the Grammar. Then, we are able to give a unified analysis of the verbal morphology that predicts the expected forms for all the verbs

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Bezinska, Yanka. "Production, compréhension et imitation des constructions causatives chez des enfants monolingues francophones et bulgarophones âgés de 3 à 6 ans." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENL011/document.

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La présente recherche doctorale traite des constructions causatives dans une perspective développementale et contrastive. Elle poursuit un double objectif. D'une part, démontrer que la complexité morphosyntaxique des mécanismes causatifs joue un rôle important dans le processus de leur acquisition par les enfants. D'autre part, prendre en considération plusieurs habiletés langagières (production, compréhension, imitation) pour explorer pleinement les divers niveaux de maitrise des constructions causatives. Les deux langues que nous étudions – le français et le bulgare – n'utilisent pas les mêmes mécanismes pour encoder la notion de causativité. Le français privilégie le prédicat complexe faire + Vinf, mais accepte également quelques causatifs lexicaux (nourrir X). Le bulgare fait appel à trois procédés : lexical (xranja X – nourrir X), morphologique (le préfixe ‘raz-' : razsmivam X – faire rire X) et périphrastique (karam X da V présent – inciter X à ce que V présent). Un total de 113 francophones (71 enfants et 42 adultes) et de 96 bulgarophones (56 enfants et 40 adultes) participent à cette étude contrastive ; tous sont des locuteurs natifs monolingues. Les enfants sont répartis en trois tranches d'âge (3-4 ans, 4-5 ans et 5-6 ans) et ils participent à trois tâches expérimentales (production, compréhension, imitation). Les adultes sont enregistrés uniquement en tâche de production. Notre recherche aboutit à quelques résultats intéressants. Premièrement, entre 3 et 6 ans, la conceptualisation de la causativité ne pose pas de problèmes particuliers aux enfants francophones et bulgarophones ; ils comprennent les mécanismes causatifs de leur langue. Deuxièmement, l'ordre d'acquisition des formes causatives est étroitement lié à leur degré de complexité morphosyntaxique. Dans les deux langues étudiées, les causatifs lexicaux sont complètement maitrisés par les enfants. En revanche, malgré son caractère compact et sa simplicité formelle, le causatif morphologique du bulgare semble apparaitre tardivement. La présence d'erreurs par surgénéralisation chez les enfants âgés de 5 à 6 ans révèle que l'acquisition de ce mécanisme causatif n'est pas achevée. La construction périphrastique karam X da V présent, quant à elle, peut être considérée comme maitrisée, puisqu'entre 4 et 5 ans, les habiletés des enfants bulgares à la produire sont déjà très proches de l'usage adulte. Enfin, le prédicat complexe faire + Vinf est en voie de stabilisation ; les enfants français doivent faire quelques ajustements au niveau de l'intégrité de la séquence faire + Vinf et de l'usage de l'argument causataire (sa fonction syntaxique et sa présence dans les énoncés). Troisièmement, le rappel de la structure des mécanismes causatifs en tâche d'imitation améliore les performances productives des enfants. En conclusion, par la prise en compte de trois habiletés langagières, cette étude apporte un éclairage dans la recherche sur les constructions causatives. Dans l'esprit du Modèle de compétition et des approches basées sur l'usage, notre travail valide également la pertinence de trois principaux facteurs déterminant l'ordre d'acquisition des unités linguistiques : 1/ fréquence dans l'input (ou disponibilité) ; 2/ fiabilité (ou spécialisation dans l'expression d'une fonction communicative) ; 3/ complexité (formelle et conceptuelle)
The present study investigates the causative constructions from a developmental and cross-linguistic perspective. On the one hand, it aims to show the important role of the morphosyntactic complexity of causative mechanisms during language acquisition. On the other hand, it aims to examine different language skills (production, comprehension, imitation) in order to explore various levels of mastery of the causative constructions in two languages, French and Bulgarian. The two languages under investigation, French and Bulgarian, do not use the same mechanisms to express causativity. French uses the faire + Vinf complex predicate and some lexical causatives (nourrir X – feed X). In Bulgarian, the causativity is expressed using three mechanisms: lexical (xranja X – feed X), morphological (prefix ‘raz-': razsmivam X - make X laugh) and periphrastic construction (karam X da V pres – make that X + V pres). A total of 113 L1 French speakers (71 children and 42 adults) and 96 L1 Bulgarian speakers (56 children and 40 adults) took part in this cross-linguistic study. The children were divided into three age groups: 3-4, 4-5 and 5-6 years of age; they all participated in three experimental tasks (production, comprehension and imitation). The adults took part in one experimental task (production). Our cross-linguistic study provided some interesting results. Firstly, the conceptualization of causativity is equally understood in both languages, each child group globally understands the causative mechanisms available in their own language. Secondly, the order of acquisition of the causative mechanisms is tightly linked to its degree of morphosyntactic complexity. In both languages, lexical causatives are already mastered by all the children groups. Surprisingly enough, in Bulgarian, the morphological causative appears to be a late language development, as children as old as 5 to 6 years produce overgeneralizations of this mechanism, that means it is not yet mastered. In the Bulgarian data, we found that the periphrastic construction is acquired between the ages of 4 to 5 years; the children of this age group already show an adult-like ability in producing this analytical causative mechanism. In the French data, we found that the production of the faire + Vinf complex predicate begins to stabilize; however, children have to adjust both the integrity of the faire + Vinf structure and the usage of the causee argument (its syntactic function and its presence in the utterance). Thirdly, in instances when the structure of causative mechanisms is present during the imitation task, the children's production is improved. In conclusion, by including various language skills (production, comprehension and imitation), this study brings a new perspective in investigating the causative constructions. Our research is also consistent with both the Competition model and the usage-based approaches; it validates the relevance of three major factors determining the order of acquisition of the linguistic structures: 1/ input frequency (or ‘cue availability'); 2/ cue reliability; 3/ formal and semantic complexity (or ‘cue cost')

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Voicu, Roxana. "Les adjectifs psychologiques." Thesis, Artois, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ARTO0002.

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Le présent travail vise à identifier le rôle non expérienceur qui figure dans la représentation sémantique des adjectifs psychologiques. La classe a été circonscrite à partir d’une définition sémantico-cognitive de l’expérience psychologique qui pose la structure dyadique des prédicats prototypiques appartenant à ce domaine. L’analyse a été poursuivie sur le plan sémantique pour partager la classe des adjectifs psychologiques selon qu’ils dénotent une expérience psychologique actualisée ou potentielle. La non actualisation de l’expérience psychologique repose sur l’hypothèse de modalité, circonscrite au niveau de la sémantique lexicale en tant que modalité implicite (les dispositions psychologiques) et au niveau du discours, à l’aide de l’inférence (adjectifs causatifs). L’absence de stimulus se voit interpréter au terme de cette analyse sémantique comme conséquence de la présence de la modalité dans la représentation des adjectifs. A partir de ces résultats, l’analyse qui interroge le rôle non expérienceur est poursuivie uniquement dans le cas des adjectifs ayant une structure dyadique, qui dénotent une expérience psychologique actualisée. Deux domaines conceptuels divisent ce noyau : les états psychologiques et les sentiments. L’analyse de la représentation sémantique part des principes contraignants qui régissent l’interface de la sémantique et de la syntaxe. Sont relevées les limitations de l’approche syntaxique pour proposer ensuite une représentation sémantique qui se réclame d’une approche sémantique, libérée de sous la tutelle de la syntaxe. A la suite de Jackendoff (1990), la représentation sémantique s’organise sur deux niveaux, un niveau thématique et un niveau des macro-rôles. Telle qu’elle est proposée dans Jackendoff (1990) la représentation thématique est une illustration de l’hypothèse localiste qui est ainsi mise à l’épreuve de la représentation des adjectifs psychologiques. L’expérienceur ne figure pas au niveau thématique où il a comme correspondants les rôles de location et de destination. Les adjectifs d’état psychologique sont représentés au niveau thématique par les rôles de thème et de source, cette dernière servant à codifier selon l’hypothèse localiste la notion de cause. D’autres prépositions localistes sont relevées pour l’expression de la cause mais les syntagmes qu’elles introduisent ne sont pas sous-catégorisés par l’adjectif, ce qui en fait des adjoints. Les adjectifs de sentiments ont une représentation qui consiste dans les rôles de thème et de destination ou de source. Au niveau des macro- rôles, les adjectifs comme les autres prédicats psychologiques n’ont que deux rôles, l’expérienceur et le stimulus
The aim of the thesis is to identify the thematic role of the non-experiencer argument in the semantic structure of psych adjectives. The class of psych adjectives is identified on the basis of the cognitive semantic definition of psychological experience which proposes a binary structure for prototypical predicates belonging to this class. The analysis is carried out at a semantic level and divides the class into two sub-classes according to whether the psychological experience denoted by the adjectives is actualized or potential. The non-actualization of the psychological experience relies on the modality hypothesis, identified at the lexical semantics level as implicit modality (psychological dispositions), or, at the discourse level, by means of inference (causative adjectives). For the former, the absence of a stimulus is interpreted as a consequence of the presence of implicit modality in their semantic structure. On the basis of these results, the analysis is restricted to those adjectives with a binary structure, the adjectives which denote an actualized psychological experience. Two conceptual domains divide this core class of adjectives: psychological states and feelings. Starting from the semantic representation of psychological verbs, we discuss the correspondence principle at the syntax-semantics interface. The analysis highlights the limitations of the syntactic approach and proposes a semantic representation within a semantic approach free of syntactic constraints. Following Jackendoff (1990), the semantic representation is structured into two levels, the thematic level and the macro-role level. As proposed by Jackendoff, the thematic level relies on the localist hypothesis, which in turn is supported by the representation of psych adjectives. The experiencer role is not present at the thematic level, or it corresponds to the location or goal roles. The psychological state adjectives are represented at the thematic level by the theme and source roles, the latter serving, according to the localist hypothesis, to encode the notion of cause. Other locative prepositions serve to encode the concept of causation but the phrases headed by them do not belong to the sub-categorization frame of adjectives, functioning as adjuncts. The adjectives of emotion have two roles on their thematic tier, theme and goal or source. On their macro-roles tier, similarly to other psych predicates, adjectives have only two roles, experiencer and stimulus

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Tellier, Isabelle. "Modéliser l'acquisition de la syntaxe du langage naturel via l'hypothèse de la primauté du sens." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00616522.

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L'objet de ce travail est la modélisation informatique de la capacité d'apprentissage de la syntaxe de leur langue naturelle par les enfants. Une synthèse des connaissances psycho-linguistiques sur la question est donc tout d'abord proposée. Le point de vue adopté pour la modélisation accorde une place privilégiée à la sémantique, qui est supposée acquise avant la syntaxe. Le Principe de compositionnalité, éventuellement adapté, est mis à contribution pour formaliser les liens entre syntaxe et sémantique, et le modèle d'apprentissage ''à la limite'' par exemples positifs de Gold est choisi pour régir les conditions de l'apprentissage. Nous présentons dans ce contexte divers résultats d'apprenabilité de classes de grammaires catégorielles à partir de divers types de données qui véhiculent des informations sémantiques. Nous montrons que, dans tous les cas, la sémantique contribue à spécifier les structures sous-jacentes aux énoncés, et à réduire ainsi l'espace de recherche des algorithmes d'apprentissage.

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Lareau, François. "Vers une grammaire d'unification Sens-Texte du français : le temps verbal dans l'interface sémantique-syntaxe." Thèse, Paris 7, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6421.

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Amblard, Maxime. "Calculs de représentations sémantiques et syntaxe générative : les grammaires minimalistes catégorielles." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185844.

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Les travaux de cette thèse se situent dans le cadre de la linguistique computationnelle. La problématique est de définir une interface syntaxe / sémantique basée sur les théories de la grammaire générative.
Une première partie, concernant le problème de l'analyse syntaxique, présente tout d'abord, la syntaxe générative, puis un formalisme la réalisant: les grammaires minimalistes de Stabler.
À partir de ces grammaires, nous réalisons une étude sur les propriétés de l'opération de fusion pour laquelle nous définissons des notions d'équivalence, ainsi qu'une modélisation abstraite des lexiques.
Une seconde partie revient sur le problème de l'interface. Pour cela, nous proposons un formalisme de type logique, basé sur la logique mixte (possédant des connecteurs commutatifs et non-commutatifs), qui équivaut, sous certaines conditions, aux grammaires de Stabler.
Dans ce but, nous introduisons une normalisation des preuves de cette logique, normalisation permettant de vérifier la propriété de la sous-formule. Ces propriétés sont également étendues au calcul de Lambek avec produit.
À partir de l'isomorphisme de Curry-Howard, nous synchronisons un calcul sémantique avec les preuves réalisant l'analyse syntaxique. Les termes de notre calcul font appel aux propriétés du lambda mu-calcul, ainsi qu'à celles de la DRT (Discourse Representative Theory).
Une dernière partie applique ces formalismes à des cas concrets. Nous établissons des fragments d'une grammaire du français autour du problème des clitiques.

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Anoun, Houda. "Approche logique des grammaires pour les langues naturelles." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00414778.

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Les contributions majeures de cette thèse s'articulent autour des trois axes de base de la linguistique computationnelle, à savoir la logique, la linguistique et l'informatique. Nous proposons ainsi un nouveau système non-directionnel GLE permettant de simuler les opérations transformationnelles du Programme Minimaliste dans un cadre logique qui fait appel au raisonnement hypothétique de manière contrôlée. La pertinence de ce formalisme est soulignée en montrant sa capacité à prendre en charge des phénomènes linguistiques complexes, nécessitant un partage contraint de ressources, tels que le liage d'anaphores ou la résolution d'ellipse. En outre, nous présentons un atelier logique, nommé ICHARATE, destiné à la recherche et l'enseignement de la linguistique computationnelle. Cet outil est composé de bibliothèques pour l'assistant à la démonstration Coq, qui comprennent la formalisation de systèmes logiques avancés dédiés au traitement des langues naturelles, dont la logique multimodale.

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Sabatier, Paul. "Contribution au développement d'interfaces en langage naturel." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077081.

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Etude du problème de la compréhension du langage naturel dans le cadre du développement d'interfaces pour la consultation de bases de connaissances. L'intérêt, les limites, les fonctions et les architectures des interfaces sont exposes. Les connaissances lexicales, syntaxiques et sémantiques mises en œuvre pour la compréhension sont spécifiées et étudiées sur les aspects linguistiques et leurs modes de représentation. Quatre réalisations d'interfaces en langage naturel illustrant les approches retenues sont présentées dans différents domaines et accompagnées de programmes commentes écrits en prolog

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Pausé, Marie-Sophie. "Structure lexico-syntaxique des locutions du français et incidence sur le combinatoire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0185/document.

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En tant que syntagmes sémantiquement non-compositionnels, les locutions sont des unités lexicales à part entière, qui doivent avoir leur propre entrée dans un modèle du lexique. Elles doivent donc recevoir une définition lexicographique, ainsi qu’une description de leurscaractéristiques grammaticales. De plus, en vertu de leur signifiant syntagmatique, les locutionstémoignent – à des degrés divers – d’une flexibilité formelle (passivation, insertion de modificateurs, substitution de certains constituants, etc.).Notre thèse défend l’idée selon laquelle une description des locutions combinant à la fois l’identification des unités lexicales qui les composent et l’identification des relations de dépendance syntaxique qui unissent les unités constituantes, permettra de prédire leurs différents emplois possibles dans la phrase. Une telle description n’est possible que dans un modèle du lexique décrivant précisément la combinatoire des lexies. Notre recherche, basée sur les principes de la Lexicologie Explicative et Combinatoire, exploite et enrichit les données du Réseau Lexical du Français (RL-fr), ressource en cours de développement à l’ATILF.La thèse a deux principaux apports. Le premier est le développement d’un modèle de description lexico-syntaxique relativement fine des locutions du français. Le second est l’identification et l’étude de différentes variations structurales, syntaxiques et lexicales liées à la flexibilité formelle des locutions. Les variations des locutions sont mises en corrélation avec leurs structures lexico-syntaxiques, mais également avec leurs définitions lexicographiques. Ceci nous conduit à introduire la notion de projection structurale, centrale dans le continuum de la flexibilité formelle des locutions
As semantically non-compositional phrases, idioms are lexical units. Consequently, they must have their own entries in a lexical resource, with a lexicographic definition and grammatical characteristics. Furthermore, because of their phrasal signifier, idioms show – to varying degrees – a formal flexibility (passivization, attachment of modifiers, substitution of components,etc.)Our thesis defends the view that a description of idioms that combine identification of their lexical components and identification of dependency links between these components will permit to predict their formal variations. Such a description is possible only in a model of lexicon that describes precisely combinatorial proprieties of lexical units. Our thesis, based on the Explanatory Combinatorial Lexicology’s framework, exploits and enhances the data of the French Lexical Network (fr-LN). This resource is being developed at the laboratory ATILF (Nancy, France).The thesis makes two principal contributions to the study of phraseology. The first contribution is the development of a precise description of idioms’ lexico-syntactic structures. The second contribution is the indentification and the study of structural, syntactic and lexical variations linked to idioms’ formal flexibility. Idioms’ formal variations are correlated with their lexico-syntactic structures, but also with their lexicographic definitions. This work leads us to introduce the notion of structural projection, that plays a central role in the continuum of idiom’s formal flexibility

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Szendroei, Kriszta. "Focus and the syntax-phonology interface." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1327622/.

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The aim of this work is to describe the different ways languages express focus and to explain why languages use exactly these ways. I give a detailed account of focus in three languages: Hungarian, English and Italian. The work is based on the assumption that the following principle operates at the interface between the grammar and the conceptualintentional system of the mind. (1) Focus Interpretation: The focus of a clause is any syntactic constituent that contains the main stress of the intonational phrase corresponding to the clause. (Following Reinhart 1995:62) It is widely believed that languages may mark focus by a special word order only. I argue against this view in my discussion about Hungarian. In Hungarian, a special word order is used when a particular element is in focus. I argue that this special word order is intimately related to the way main stress is assigned in the language. Thus I establish a crucial link between two types of focus marking: one which uses a phonological marker, e.g. English, and one which marks focus by special word order, e.g. Hungarian, reducing the latter ultimately to phonology. Subsequently I describe the architecture of the grammar from the perspective of focus marking. I show that languages that mark focus by main stress may realise marked focus patterns in three dfferent ways. Furthermore, I show that these three ways are the only possible ways to express focus by main stress. There is no other possibility available. From a theoretical perspective this work intends to investigate the role of the different modules of the grammar, in particular of syntax and phonology and the mapping between the two, in the representation of certain pragmatic notions such as focus.

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Cao, H. "The syntax and syntax-external interface of quantification in Mandarin Chinese." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1412867/.

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The thesis investigates the phenomena of quantification in Mandarin Chinese. I provide an account of the word order of quantification in Mandarin Chinese by studying its syntax and syntax-external interface. I argue that the unique word order of Chinese quantification results from the obligatory requirement of two lexical items—dou ‘all’ (from mei ‘every’) and you ‘have’ (from the indefinites). I show that the syntax and semantics of the two items bring about flexibility of preverbal word order of universals and indefinites, which further leads to the absence of quantifier raising in Mandarin. On dou, I argue it is an associated adverb rather than a head of functional projection. Semantically, it is seen as a D operator and universal quantifier. It allows ‘intermediate distributivity’ and guarantees the maximality of the domain of the associated DP. Mei ‘every’ is argued to be a distributive dependant and set the value for Cover, a variable brought by dou. I show that you and indefinite is a parallel pair of mei…dou. I argue the licenser of preverbal indefinites you is a functional head occupying the Infl position and I argue against the verbal analysis. I also account for the adjacency between you and indefinite. I argue that the quantification mechanism in Mandarin provides important evidence for Huang’s argument that Chinese is more analytic than English and many other languages on the syntactic-analytic parameter (2005). I discover a new type of distributivity other than that marked by dou. It is formed with the plural subject under focus. I claim that it is a discourse-oriented distributivity and explore the intricate relation between the grouping of focus-introduced alternatives and the selection of the distributive reading under the Economy Principle.

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Bernard, Timothée. "Approches formelles de l'analyse du discours : relations discursives et verbes d'attitude propositionnelle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC034.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse aux formalismes qui permettent de représenter mathématiquement non seulement le sens de phrases indépendantes mais aussi de textes entiers, en incluant les liens de sens que les différentes phrases qui les composent entretiennent les unes avec les autres. Ces liens de sens — les relations discursives — sont divers ; nous trouvons notamment des relations temporelles, causales et contrastives. Nous ne nous posons pas seulement la question du sens et de sa représentation, mais aussi celle de la détermination algorithmique de cette représentation à partir des séquences de mots qui composent les énoncés. Nous nous situons donc à l’interface de trois traditions : l’analyse discursive, la sémantique formelle et la linguistique computationnelle.La plupart de travaux formels portant sur le discours ne prêtent que peu d’attention aux verbes de dire (affirmer, dire, etc.) et d’attitude propositionnelle (penser, croire, etc.). Tous ces verbes, que nous regroupons sous l’abréviation « VAP », ont en commun d’exprimer l’attitude ou la position d’une personne sur une proposition donnée. Ils sont utilisés fréquemment et introduisent de nombreuses subtilités échappant de fait aux théories actuelles. Cette thèse a pour objectif principal de mettre à jour les principes d’une grammaire formelle compatible avec l’analyse du discours et prenant en compte les VAP. Nous commençons donc par présenter de nombreuses données linguistiques illustrant les interactions entre VAP et relations discursives.Il est souvent considéré que les connecteurs adverbiaux (ensuite, par exemple, etc.) sont anaphoriques. Cependant, nous pouvons nous demander si, en pratique, un système de linguistique computationnelle ne peut pas gérer cette catégorie particulière d’anaphore comme s’il s’agissait d’un type de dépendance structurelle, étendant d’une certaine manière la syntaxe au-delà de la phrase. C’est ce que nous nous proposons de faire à l’aide du formalisme D-STAG. Une telle approche, bien qu’ayant un certain nombre de propriétés intéressantes dans le cadre de l’analyse automatique du discours, fait peser un poids important sur la syntaxe, et nous discutons alors les difficultés qu’elle soulève.Cela nous amène à développer une approche anaphorique, c’est-à-dire dans laquelle les arguments des relations discursives ne sont plus déterminés uniquement par la structure grammaticale des énoncés. Ce sont les mêmes outils conceptuels que nous utilisons pour rendre compte de l’anaphoricité des connecteurs adverbiaux, des structures discursives non-arborées (observées avec tout type de connecteurs), mais aussi de l’usage évidentiel des VAP.Cependant, si nous employons la notion d’anaphore, nous voulons l’intégrer explicitement dans le formalisme grammatical, en spécifiant quand sont exécutées les résolutions d’anaphore et avec quelles informations en entrée. Cela est possible avec la sémantique par continuation, que nous utilisons en combinaison à la sémantique événementielle. Les événements sont souvent invoqués pour exprimer la sémantique des relations notamment causales ou temporelles, mais posent aussi un certain nombre de questions, liées aux schémas logiques d’inférence qu’autorisent les énoncés linguistiques ainsi qu’à la présence de la négation pour exprimer les arguments des relations discursives. Nous avançons plusieurs pistes pour y répondre et étudions plus en détail le cas de la négation.Nous revenons ainsi sur les difficultés que pose la négation linguistique pour une analyse sémantique événementielle, qui concernent autant l’interface syntaxe-sémantique que le niveau purement sémantique. Nous montrons que ces difficultés ont pour origine l’analyse standard de la négation, qui traite phrases positives et phrases négatives de manière fondamentalement différente. Rejetant cette vue, nous présentons une formalisation nouvelle de la notion d’événement négatif, adaptée à l’analyse de divers phénomènes linguistiques
This thesis focuses on the formalisms that make it possible to mathematically represent not only the meaning of independent sentences, but also whole texts, including the meaning relations that link sentences together. These links — the discourse relations — include temporal, causal and contrastive relations. Not only are we interested in meaning and its representation, but also on the algorithmic process of how this representation is computed using the sequence of words that constitute the text. We thus find ourselves at a point where three disciplines intersect: discourse analysis, formal semantics and computational linguistics.Most formal work on discourse pay little attention to reporting verbs (say, tell, etc.) and attitude verbs (think, believe, etc.). These verbs, henceforth ‘AVs’, all express the attitude or stance of one person on a given proposition. They are used frequently and introduce many subtleties that are not addressed in current theories. The main objective of this thesis is to shed light on the principles of a formal grammar that is compatible with discourse analysis that takes AVs into account. We therefore start by presenting a set of linguistic data illustrating the interactions between AVs and discourse relations.Adverbial connectives (then, for example, etc.) are usually considered anaphoric. One might wonder, however, whether, in practice, a computational linguistic system cannot deal with this particular category of anaphora as a kind of structural dependency, meaning that syntax is somehow extended above the sentence level. This is what we try to achieve using the D-STAG formalism. While it has properties that are relevant for automatic discourse analysis, such an approach imposes quite the burden on syntax. We therefore discuss the difficulties that this approach poses.Consequently, we develop an anaphor based approach, in which the arguments of discourse relations are not determined solely by the grammatical structures of the utterances. We use the same conceptual tools to account for the anaphoricity of adverbial connectives, the shape of non-tree discourse structures (observed for all type of connectives) but also the evidential use of AVs.If, however, we look at the notion of anaphora, our aim is to have it explicitly integrated into grammatical formalism. In particular, we set out to specify when anaphora resolution is performed and on which input. This is made possible by continuation semantics, which we use in conjunction with event semantics. Events have often been appealed to in order to describe the semantics of causal and temporal relations. Nevertheless, events raise a number of questions related to the possibility of some inference patterns that are observed, in addition to the presence of negation in the arguments of discourse relations. We suggest a number of potential answers and study the case of negation in more detail.We therefore review the issues facing event semantics when dealing with negation. Such issues concern both the syntax-semantics interface and the purely semantics level. We argue that these difficulties originate from the standard analysis of negation, which interprets positive and negative sentences is an essentially different fashion. Rejecting this view, we propose a novel formalisation of negative events that is relevant to the analysis of various linguistic phenomena

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Kelly, Justin Robert. "The syntax-semantics interface in distributed morphology." Thesis, Georgetown University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3559577.

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Distributed Morphology (DM; Halle & Marantz 1993; Marantz 1997) is founded on the premise that the syntax is the only computational component of the grammar. Much research focuses on how this premise is relevant to the syntax-morphology interface in DM. In this dissertation, I examine theory-internal issues related to the syntax-semantics interface in DM. I also I propose an account of the Encyclopedia, where meaning is stored in the semantic component of the grammar, since a clear model is generally absent from DM literature.

Much of this dissertation is based on the Strong DM Hypothesis (SDMH; Embick & Noyer 2007), the idea that roots lack syntactico-semantic features. However, a corollary of the SDMH is necessary but generally ignored: a root cannot take an argument directly. The SDMH has repercussions for the syntax and compositional semantics in DM, so I propose models for both that are compatible with the SDMH. By defining the syntax of lexical categories, based on Hale & Keyser (2002) and Baker (2003), I extend the syntax to present an inventory of functional heads in DM. Utilizing a semantics based on Kratzer (1996), I define a formal semantic model for DM, and show how it interprets the syntax. I then present an approach to causation based on Kratzer (2004) and Pylkkänen (2008), providing an overt syntax and semantics for a variety of causative structures in English; zero and analytic causatives, and prepositional and adjectival resultatives. This approach to causation is applied to an analysis of other argument-structure phenomena in English, as well as in Italian and Japanese, showing how these phenomena are accounted for within this model of DM. However, cases remain where argument-structure phenomena cannot be resolved in the syntax alone, so I present an approach to the Encyclopedia with Hopper & Thompson's (1980) typology of transitivity as a starting point, and show how it can account for such cases.

By further specifying the nature of the syntax in DM and integrating this with a broader semantic model encompassing both compositional semantics and the Encyclopedia, this dissertation contributes to our overall understanding of the DM framework.

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Arad, Maya. "VP-structure and the syntax-lexicon interface." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287217.

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Dai, Xiang-ling. "Chinese morphology and its interface with syntax." Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1218131835.

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Vogel, Ralf. "The simple generator." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3233/.

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I argue that the shift of explanatory burden from the generator to the evaluator in OT syntax – together with the difficulties that arise when we try to formulate a working theory of the interfaces of syntax – leads to a number of assumptions about syntactic structures in OT which are quite different from those typical of minimalist syntax: formal features, as driving forces behind syntactic movement, are useless, and derivational and representational economy are problematic for both empirical and conceptual reasons. The notion of markedness, central in Optimality Theory, is not fully compatible with the idea of synactic economy. Even more so, seemingly obvious cases of blocking by structural economy do not seem to result from grammar proper, but reflect (economical) aspects of language use.

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Padrosa, Trias Susanna. "Complex word-formation and the morphology-syntax interface." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32103.

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L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és estudiar un tipus específic de formació de paraules complexes, és a dir, els compostos, i la seva relació amb la interfície morfologia-sintaxi, amb l’objectiu final d’entendre millor el fenomen. S’analitzen diferents aspectes de la composició. A continuació es resumeixen les preguntes principals que s’adrecen a cada capítol. En el primer capítol es presenten arguments per a la plausibilitat d’una teoria de la gramàtica en què la sintaxi de la paraula i la sintaxi de la frase (a les quals ens referim com a morfologia i sintaxi, respectivament) són dos mòduls distints dins un mòdul sintàctic més gran (cf. Jackendoff 1990, 1997, 2002, Ackema & Neeleman 2004) així com també arguments per a la formació de compostos dins la sintaxi de la paraula/la morfologia. S’explora una explicació morfològica de la composició, basada en la teoria de la competició morfosintàctica d’Ackema & Neeleman (2004), amb dades de l’anglès i de llengües romàniques (el català i l’espanyol). El resultat d’aquesta exploració es contrasta amb l’anàlisi sintàctica de compostos de Harley (2004, 2008b), d’acord amb la Morfologia Distribuïda (cf. Halle & Marantz 1993, Marantz 1997a, b, 2001, 2007, entre d’altres). Les dades que s’estudien en aquest capítol afavoreixen l’explicació morfològica de la formació de compostos i no l’explicació sintàctica. Per exemple, la primera pot explicar contrastos com *to meat-eat (carn-menjar) i to computer-generate (ordinador-generar), mentre que la segona no ho pot fer. El segon capítol comença establint l’existència de nuclis en la morfologia i demostrant el seu paper crucial en la classificació de compostos. Tot seguit, s’estudia la naturalesa dels elements que formen els compostos en anglès i en català. El segon capítol també inclou un panorama general de classificacions de compostos. La més prometedora és la de Bisetto & Scalise (2005), segons la qual hi ha tres macrotipus de compostos: els subordinatius, els atributius i els coordinats. Cada tipus està subdividit en endocèntric i exocèntric. S’afegeix un nou nivell d’anàlisi a la classificació original i l’esquema que en resulta s’aplica a un estudi detallat de compostos en anglès i en català. La classificació tripartita de Bisetto & Scalise s’adopta inicialment però canvia substancialment al llarg del capítol. Els tres macrotipus queden reduïts a un sol tipus, basat en la relació de nucli envers no-nucli, de la qual en sorgeixen les diferents interpretacions (subordinativa, atributiva). Es nega l’existència de compostos coordinats i de compostos exocèntrics. El tercer capítol primer explora el Paràmetre dels Compostos de Snyder (Snyder 1995, 1996, 2001, 2002). Després d’identificar quins predicats complexos s’han de considerar rellevants per al paràmetre, el funcionament d’aquest s’analitza en vàries llengües. Es qüestiona la validesa del Paràmetre dels Compostos. Es conclou que no es pot mantenir una aplicació estricta de composició/paràmetre de predicats complexos ni tampoc la suposada dependència dels predicats complexos en la composició de NN. La segona part del capítol considera la possibilitat d’un lligam real entre resultatives i composició. A aquesta fi, s’analitzen breument dues anàlisis sintàctiques de resultatives (Kratzer 2005 i Mateu 2000, 2010). La conclusió és que la composició i les construccions resultatives semblen tractar-se de dos fenòmens bastant diferents. En darrer lloc, s’aborda la qüestió de per què en algunes llengües, com el català, la composició de NN és productiva, tot i que en un grau inferior als compostos de NN en llengües com l’anglès. El quart capítol sintetitza les troballes principals de la tesi.
The goal of this dissertation is to study a specific type of complex word-formation, namely compounding, and its relation to the morphology-syntax interface, with the ultimate aim of gaining a better understanding of the phenomenon. Different aspects of compounding are explored in this work, of which the main questions addressed in each chapter are outlined below. The first chapter presents some evidence for the plausibility of a theory of grammar in which word syntax and phrasal syntax (which will be referred to as morphology and syntax respectively) are two distinct modules within a bigger syntactic module (cf. Jackendoff 1990, 1997, 2002, Ackema & Neeleman 2004), as well as evidence for the generation of compounds within word syntax/morphology. A morphological account of compounding, based on Ackema & Neeleman’s (2004) morphosyntactic competition theory, is explored, tested with some English and Romance (Catalan and Spanish) compounds and contrasted with Harley’s (2004, 2008b) syntactic analysis of compounds, based on Distributed Morphology (cf. Halle & Marantz 1993, Marantz 1997a, b, 2001, 2007, a.o.). The data examined in this chapter favour the morphologically-based account over the syntactically-based account of compound formation. For example, the former account can explain contrasts like *to meat-eat and to computer-generate, while the latter cannot. The second chapter starts by establishing the existence of heads in morphology and showing their crucial role in the classification of compounds. Then, the nature of the compounding elements in English and Catalan is examined, which is followed by a brief overview of some compound classifications. The most promising classification is that of Bisetto & Scalise (2005), according to which there are three overarching macro-types of compounds: subordinate, attributive, and coordinate, each being subdivided into endocentric and exocentric types. Another level of analysis is added to their original classification and the resulting scheme is applied when carrying out an exhaustive study of compounding in English and Catalan. Although initially adopted, Bisetto & Scalise‘s tripartite classification changes substantially in the course of the chapter. The three macro-types of compounds are reduced to one compounding type, based on a head vs. non-head relation, from which the different interpretations arise (subordinate, attributive). The existence of coordinate compounds and exocentric compounds is argued against. The third chapter first explores Snyder’s Compounding Parameter (Snyder 1995, 1996, 2001, 2002). After identifying which complex predicates must count as relevant to the parameter, its workings are considered in a few languages. The validity of the Compounding Parameter is questioned. It is concluded that a strict application of the compounding/complex-predicate parameter cannot be maintained nor can the alleged dependence of complex predicates on NN compounding. The second part of the chapter considers the possibility of a real connection between resultatives and compounding. To this end, two syntactic analyses of resultatives (Kratzer’s 2005 and Mateu’s 2000, 2010) are briefly reviewed. The conclusion is that compounding and resultative constructions seem to be two rather different phenomena. Finally, the question of why in some languages - like Catalan - NN compounds are productive, albeit to a lesser degree than NN compounds in a language like English, is addressed. The fourth chapter brings together the main findings of this dissertation in a compact form.

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Mateu, Fontanals Jaume. "Argument structure: relational construal at the syntax-semantics interface." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4828.

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Aquesta tesi tracta de les propietats relacionals de la sintaxi i la semàntica de l'estructura argumental. En especial, estudio la relació entre l'estructura argumental i la descomposició lèxica: defenso que una descomposició mínima dels elements lèxics (e.g., ensellar o trencar) és necessària si es vol donar compte de les seves estructures relacionals complexes.
Al capítol primer s'hi proposa la hipòtesi teòrica principal segons la qual hi ha un homomorfisme important entre la sintaxi i la semàntica relacionals de l'estructura argumental. Demostro que a aquesta hipòtesi se li pot donar una base teòrica si i només si es fa la distinció langackeriana següent: el significat és una funció del contingut conceptual i de la construalitat semàntica. En introduir aquesta distinció en el paradigma generativista, argumento que només la construalitat semàntica es codifica de manera transparent a la sintaxi. Poso també especial èmfasi a fer veure que la meva aproximació a l'estudi de l'estructura argumental participa tant de la teoria sintàctica de Hale i Keyser (1998, 1999a) com de la teoria semàntica de Mateu (1999).
Al capítol segon s'hi analitzen les propietats relacionals de la sintaxi i la semàntica dels verbs inacusatius i inergatius. Exemplifico la meva anàlisi de la 'inacusativitat' amb l'estudi de dos casos diferents: en primer lloc, faig una explicació formal dels aspectes semàntics relacionals que determinen la selecció d'auxiliar en llengües com l'italià i el francès; en segon lloc, defenso que l'anàlisi de la construcció progressiva implica una estructura inacusativa locativa que domina l'estructura argumental que està lèxicament associada al predicat verbal.
Al capítol tercer s'hi estudien les propietats relacionals de la sintaxi i la semàntica de l'anomenada 'elasticitat del significat verbal' (Rappaport Hovav i Levin 1998). Es demostra que la variació lingüística que afecta aquest fenomen està relacionada amb la distinció tipològica de Talmy (1985, 1991, 2000) entre llengües d'emmarcament en el satèl·lit com l'anglès, l'alemany o el neerlandès, i llengües d'emmarcament en el verb com el català, l'espanyol o el francès. S'hi analitzen de manera detallada la sintaxi i la semàntica relacionals de dues construccions que són típiques de les llengües d'emmarcament en el satèl·lit: les construccions de moviment que inclouen un verb de manera de moviment i un trajecte fitat, i les construccions resultatives complexes. Poso especial èmfasi a demostrar per què en català no existeixen aquestes construccions. Faig veure també per què en català no existeixen determinats verbs denominals complexos ni certs casos d'alternances locatives, que són més aviat típics de llengües germàniques com l'alemany o el neerlandès.
Al capítol quart s'hi estudia l'anomenada 'restricció d'objecte directe' en les construccions resultatives de l'anglès. Tot i que s'ha posat en dubte aquesta restricció (e.g., vegeu Rappaport Hovav i Levin 2001), faig veure les raons per les quals cal recuperar la validesa d'aquesta restricció. En aquest capítol s'hi analitza també la sintaxi i la semàntica relacionals d'una construcció idiomàtica de l'anglès que té un correlat molt directe amb les construccions resultatives: i.e., la "way-construction". Demostro també per què aquesta construcció no transgredeix la 'restricció d'objecte directe', tot i que ho pugui semblar a primer cop d'ull.
Al capítol cinquè s'hi fa un resum força extens de les tesis més rellevants que un hom pot extreure d'aquest treball. Aquestes tesis les exemplifico a partir de l'anàlisi de la sintaxi i la semàntica relacionals d'un dels meus casos d'estudi preferits: el verb climb. Cal advertir que aquest capítol està pensat per a aquell lector (cada vegada més freqüent!) que vol saber amb un cert detall de què tracta la tesi, però que no té temps per a llegir-se-la tota.
This thesis deals with the relational syntax and semantics of argument structure. Special attention is paid to the relation between argument structure and lexical decomposition: a minimal decomposition of lexical items like to saddle or to break is argued to be necessary in order to elucidate their complex relational structures.
In chapter 1 I put forward the hypothesis that there is a strong homomorphism between the relational syntax and semantics of argument structure. This hypothesis is shown to gain theoretical support iff a fundamental distinction is drawn: meaning is a function of both non-syntactically transparent conceptual content and syntactically transparent semantic construal. Accordingly, a syntactically transparent approach to semantic composition is adopted in the present framework, which partakes in both Hale & Keyser's (1998, 1999a) syntactic theory of the basic argument structure types and Mateu's (1999) semantic theory of argument structure, which assumes that certain meanings are associated to certain structures.
In chapter 2 I analyze the relational syntax and semantics of unaccusative and unergative verbs. The present analysis of unaccusativity is exemplified with two different case studies: Firstly, I provide a formal account of the relational semantic determinants of 'aux-selection' in languages like Italian and French. Secondly, I argue that the progressive construction can be analyzed as involving a locative unaccusative structure over that argument structure lexically associated to the verbal predicate.
In chapter 3 I put forward a relational syntactic and semantic account of the crosslinguistic variation involved in the so-called 'elasticity of verb meaning' (Rappaport Hovav & Levin 1998). Such a variation is argued to be related to Talmy's (1985, 1991, 2000) typological distinction between 'satellite-framed languages' and 'verb-framed languages'. In particular, I analyze two constructions that are typical of satellite-framed languages like English, Dutch or German: complex telic path of motion constructions and complex resultative constructions. I also show why these constructions are impossible in verb-framed languages like Catalan or Spanish. Moreover, I provide an explanation of why certain classes of complex denominal verbs and some cases of locative alternation are more productive in satellite-framed languages rather than in verb-framed ones.
In chapter 4 I argue my way to the conclusion that the so-called 'Direct Object Restriction' (DOR) on resultative constructions, which has been recently called into question by Rappaport Hovav & Levin (2001), must be regained. In this chapter I also put forward a relational syntactic and semantic analysis of the so-called way-construction, showing that, despite appearances, such an idiomatic construction does not violate the DOR either.
Chapter 5 provides an extensive recapitulation of some relevant theses worth being drawn from the present work. I exemplify them by providing a relational syntactic and semantic analysis of one of my favorite case studies: i.e., the verb climb.
CAVEAT: Chapter 5 is mainly intended for that reader who does not want to spend time reading a 300-pages work on lexical decomposition issues, but nonetheless wants a very detailed summary of it.

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Marfo, Charles Ofosu. "Aspects of Akan grammar and the phonology-syntax interface." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32053563.

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Jaradat, Abedalaziz. "The Syntax-Prosody Interface of Jordanian Arabic (Irbid Dialect)." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37146.

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This dissertation studies the prosodic structure of the variety of Jordanian Arabic that is spoken in the rural areas of the Governorate of Irbid (IA) by investigating the role of syntactic structure in the formation of prosodic domains. It empirically explores the word-level, phrase-level and clause-level prosody of IA and attempts to account for these empirical results in a framework based on the standard syntactic-prosodic interface principles developed in Match Theory (Selkirk 2011) and formulated as OT constraints (Prince & Smolensky 1993). The basic hypotheses in this dissertation are that the prosodic word (ω), phonological phrase (Φ) and intonational phrase (ι) are present in IA, and that they are anchored in syntactic constituents. Relying on hypotheses derived from the MATCH constraints (Selkirk 2011) that ensure the syntactic-prosodic correspondence, ω, Φ and ι should respectively match the grammatical word, syntactic phrase and clause and should recursively match embedded syntactic constituents. A series of experiments was designed to test the hypotheses. Twenty native speakers (ten males and ten females) of Jordanian Arabic living in Irbid participated in the tasks. Each pair of participants performed several tasks in one session. Two game-based tasks were designed to explore intonational and temporal cues to Φ and ι boundaries and examine their relation to XPs and clauses, respectively. Two additional reading tasks were designed to determine the application domain of post-lexical segmental processes in IA (the coarticulation of pharyngealization and vowel hiatus resolution). The collected tokens were submitted to acoustic and statistical analyses. Based on the results of these experiments, the existence of the ω, Φ and ι is confirmed and our understanding of their segmental and suprasegmental cues is refined. ω’s match grammatical words and are the domain of stress, realization of the feminine -t suffix and coarticulation of pharyngealization. Φ`s match syntactic phrases and are cued suprasegmentally: their right boundaries are marked by low phrase accents (L-) and pre-boundary syllable lengthening. As for ι`s, they match clauses and are cued by additional final lengthening, boundary tones (H% or L%) and resistance to vowel reduction. There is also ample evidence that syntactic nesting motivates prosodic recursion. At the ω level, the primary/secondary status of genitive constructs of stress mirrors syntactic nesting. At the Φ level, recursion is evidenced by gradient pre-boundary syllable lengthening, which is greater at the right boundaries of higher prosodic subcategories that match larger syntactic domains. As for recursion at the ι level, it is not only cued by gradient pre-boundary syllable lengthening, but also by boundary tones: continuative H% are used at sentence-internal ι boundaries, but L% tones are cues to boundaries of larger ι’s. However, prosodic recursion is not unconstrained in IA: prosodic domains can only consist of two subcategories, i.e. a minimal and maximal layers. In this way, prosodic recursion is neither prohibited as proposed in the early version of Strict Layer Hypothesis (Nespor &Vogel 1986, Selkirk 1986), nor free to perfectly mirror syntactic nesting. As in most previous case studies, it is proposed that the one-to-one correspondence constraints of Match Theory (Selkirk 2011) account for the prosodic patterns in IA, but have to be complemented with language-specific markedness constraints on phonological weight, exhaustivity and recursion. It is also shown that these explanatory principles can, with minor reorganization, account for the prosodic patterns described in other Arabic dialects.

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Haidou, Konstantina. "The syntax-pragmatics interface of focus phenomena in Greek." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2012. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/13635/.

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Pacheco, Silvana Zardo. "Syntax-pragmatics interface : brazilian-portuguese L2 acquisition of english." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4197.

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Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T19:02:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000397338-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 9925885 bytes, checksum: 6246e217679a2ef423561da014fc365e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
This dissertation has proposed that certain syntactic errors in an L2 learner’s grammar may be more accurately explained in terms of a lack of knowledge about pragmatics and the syntax-pragmatic interface rather than as syntactic deficits per se. In order to contribute to this discussion, an investigation of the L2 acquisition of the grammatical properties of English subjects and objects by Brazilian Portuguese (BP) learners of L2 English was conducted. It was tested whether the L1 discoursepragmatic factors associated with the syntax of these grammatical positions, particularly where deletion of a subject or an object is pragmatically controlled in the L1 (BP) and not in the L2 (English), can lead learners to accept ungrammatical L2 sentences. Subjects were classified as being at one of three levels of linguistic proficiency: Basic (n = 11); Intermediate (n = 15); Advanced (n = 14). L2 Learners were administered grammaticality judgment, and interpretation tasks, presented in two conditions: + and – pragmatic context. Learners´ linguistic development in the L2 and their syntactic and pragmatic knowledge are investigated through regression analysis and the employment of dummies as explanatory variables. The results confirm the hypothesis that the L2 acquisition of the interpretive interface between syntax and pragmatics has a developmental trajectory that extends beyond the acquisition of either of these two individual components. Evidence indicates that (1) learners know certain structural-rule-governed subtleties of the L2 grammar, suggesting that UG is available for them, (2) and that their performance is hindered at points where the pragmatic properties of the subjects and objects in the L1 do not match the L2 pragmatic properties, most likely because interpretive aspects have to be learned, i. e., there is no UG guidance. It is argued that the Strong Continuity model provides an appropriate theoretical framework to account for the mismatches between L2 learners´ syntactic and pragmatic knowledge.
Essa dissertação propõe que certos erros sintáticos na gramática de um aprendiz de L2 podem ser decorrentes da falta de conhecimento sobre a pragmática e a interface sintaxe-pragmática. Para contribuir com essa discussão, conduziu-se uma investigação sobre a aquisição das propriedades gramaticais dos sujeitos e dos objetos em inglês por aprendizes falantes do português brasileiro (PB). A principal hipótese testada foi se os fatores associados com a pragmática dessas posições gramaticais em PB (a L1) podem levar os aprendizes a aceitar frases agramaticais em Inglês (a L2). Os sujeitos foram classificados em três níveis de proficiência lingüística: básico (n=11), intermediário (n=15) e avançado (n=14). Testes de julgamento gramatical e de interpretação foram empregados em duas condições: com e sem contexto pragmático. O desenvolvimento dos aprendizes na L2 e os seus conhecimentos sintático e pragmático foram analisados através do emprego de dummies como variáveis explicativas e de análise de regressão. Os resultados confirmaram a hipótese de que a aquisição da interface interpretativa entre sintaxe e pragmática percorre uma trajetória de desenvolvimento que se estende além da aquisição individual desses dois componentes. As evidências indicam que (1) os aprendizes têm conhecimento sobre certas sutilezas estruturais da gramática da L2, o que sugere que a Gramática Universal (GU) está disponível para eles, (2) e que o desempenho deles é prejudicado em pontos onde as propriedades pragmáticas dos sujeitos e objetos na L1 diferem das propriedades pragmáticas da L2, provavelmente, porque aspectos interpretativos aí envolvidos devem ser aprendidos, i. e., não há orientação da GU. Argumenta-se que o Strong Continuity Model fornece uma fundamentação teórica adequada para explicar os descompassos entre o conhecimento sintático e pragmático dos aprendizes de L2.

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Yoo, Eun Jung. "Quantifiers and wh-interrogatives in the syntax-semantics interface /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148794790840119.

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Gyawali, Bikash. "Surface Realisation from Knowledge Bases." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0004/document.

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La Génération Automatique de Langue Naturelle vise à produire des textes dans une langue humaine à partir d'un ensemble de données non-linguistiques. Elle comprend généralement trois sous-tâches principales: (i) sélection et organisation d'un sous-ensemble des données d'entrée; ii) détermination des mots à utiliser pour verbaliser les données d'entrée; et (iii) regroupement de ces mots en un texte en langue naturelle. La dernière sous-tâche est connue comme la tâche de Réalisation de Surface (RS). Dans ma thèse, j'étudie la tâche de RS quand les données d'entrée sont extraites de Bases de Connaissances (BC). Je présente deux nouvelles approches pour la réalisation de surface à partir de bases de connaissances: une approche supervisée et une approche faiblement supervisée. Dans l'approche supervisée, je présente une méthode basée sur des corpus pour induire une grammaire à partir d'un corpus parallèle de textes et de données. Je montre que la grammaire induite est compacte et suffisamment générale pour traiter les données de test. Dans l'approche faiblement supervisée, j'explore une méthode pour la réalisation de surface à partir de données extraites d'une BC qui ne requière pas de corpus parallèle. À la place, je construis un corpus de textes liés au domaine et l'utilise pour identifier les lexicalisations possibles des symboles de la BC et leurs modes de verbalisation. J'évalue les phrases générées et analyse les questions relatives à l'apprentissage à partir de corpus non-alignés. Dans chacune de ces approches, les méthodes proposées sont génériques et peuvent être facilement adaptées pour une entrée à partir d'autres ontologies
Natural Language Generation is the task of automatically producing natural language text to describe information present in non-linguistic data. It involves three main subtasks: (i) selecting the relevant portion of input data; (ii) determining the words that will be used to verbalise the selected data; and (iii) mapping these words into natural language text. The latter task is known as Surface Realisation (SR). In my thesis, I study the SR task in the context of input data coming from Knowledge Bases (KB). I present two novel approaches to surface realisation from knowledge bases: a supervised approach and a weakly supervised approach. In the first, supervised, approach, I present a corpus-based method for inducing a Feature Based Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar from a parallel corpus of text and data. I show that the induced grammar is compact and generalises well over the test data yielding results that are close to those produced by a handcrafted symbolic approach and which outperform an alternative statistical approach. In the weakly supervised approach, I explore a method for surface realisation from KB data which does not require a parallel corpus. Instead, I build a corpus from heterogeneous sources of domain-related text and use it to identify possible lexicalisations of KB symbols and their verbalisation patterns. I evaluate the output sentences and analyse the issues relevant to learning from non-parallel corpora. In both these approaches, the proposed methods are generic and can be easily adapted for input from other ontologies for which a parallel/non-parallel corpora exists

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Ko, Bohye. "Syntax, interfaces and processing in native language attrition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9743.

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The linguistic behaviour of bilingual speakers who have had prolonged exposure to a second language (L2) is different from that of monolinguals. This thesis investigates the extent and source of attrition effects by comparing language representation and processing in adult late bilinguals undergoing native language (L1) attrition and their monolingual counterparts. Based on the previous observation that structures that are sensitive to discourse-pragmatic conditions are vulnerable to attrition (Sorace 2011, Sorace & Filiaci 2006), the thesis examines: i) whether the difference between attrited and non-attrited speakers in L1 use is restricted to structures whose distribution is grammatically underspecified; ii) whether the difference is due more to underspecification of mental representation or to on-line processing difficulties; and iii) to what extent the difference is a consequence of transfer from L2. The case investigated in this study is L1 attrition by Korean immigrants who have lived in an L2 (English or Japanese) environment for a period of 6 to 25 years. Two L2 groups and one monolingual control group were tested on two different types of phenomena in Korean: core binding of the reflexive caki whose felicity is determined by grammar (Experiment 1), and the attachment of the plural suffix tul whose felicity is underspecified by grammar (Experiment 2). Experimental data were collected using an on-line methodology (a self-paced reading task) as well as an off-line one (acceptability judgement task) in order to identify the locus of any non-convergence between attrited and non-attrited speakers with respect to the investigated phenomena. Results from the experiments showed that attrition had an impact on both grammatically specified and underspecified structures, but to a different degree. With respect to core binding of caki, attrited Korean speakers diverged from the monolingual norm in the on-line reading task but not in the off-line judgement task, indicating that their representation of caki-binding was intact. With respect to tul-attachment, on the other hand, the attriters displayed divergence in both the off-line and on-line tasks, indicating that their representation of appropriate conditions for tul, as well as their real-time processing of the conditions was affected due to long-term exposure to L2. In both caki-binding and tul-attachment, the attriters’ non-native performance was largely attributable to influence from their L2. However, the attriters’ divergence also seemed to be attributable, at least in part, to inefficient executive control of two languages. Regarding tul-attachment, the results demonstrated that the distribution of tul in unattrited Korean is regulated by several factors, including animacy, number-specificity and distributivity, and thus the acceptability of tul is largely gradient, rather than categorical. The results also provided evidence for an ongoing change in the distribution of tul and suggested that the change is accelerated by attrited speakers living in an L2 English environment.

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Uechi, Akihiko. "An interface approach to topic/focus structure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0004/NQ34637.pdf.

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Bögel, Tina [Verfasser]. "The Syntax-Prosody Interface in Lexical Functional Grammar / Tina Bögel." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1129599108/34.

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37

Tomioka, Naoko. "Resultative constructions : cross-linguistic variation and the syntax-semantics interface." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102217.

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This thesis examines constructions known as resultative constructions. In addition to the well-known adjectival resultative construction in English, I investigate the resultative V-V compound, found in Japanese, and the resultative serial verb construction, found in Edo.
I propose a new classification of these constructions, which focuses on the argument structure of the construction. In Japanese resultative V-V compounds, the argument structure of a compound reflects the argument structure of the second verb only, while in Edo, the argument structure of the construction reflects the argument structure of both verbs involved. With this criterion, English resultative constructions are divided into two classes---a resultative construction containing an intransitive verb is classified with Japanese resultative V-V compounds, and a resultative construction containing an object-selecting verb is classified with Edo resultative serial verb constructions.
Based on the classification provided here, I investigate two types of syntactic operations which license the concatenation of the predicates in resultative constructions. I argue that English intransitive resultative constructions and Japanese resultative V-V compounds are formed by adjoining one of the predicates on the other. The adjunction structure is then interpreted as conjunction called event identification. In contrast, English transitive resultative constructions and Edo resultative serial verb constructions are licensed by treating one of the predicates as a causative predicate. I argue that one of the predicates in these constructions undergoes lexical coercion, and acquires a causative meaning. The newly-formed causative verb takes the other predicate of the construction as its complement. This structure is then interpreted with function-application. I hence argue that the structural difference between the two types of resultative constructions also mirrors the difference in the type of semantic operations used to interpret these constructions.

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Wilson, Frances. "Processing at the syntax-discourse interface in second language acquisition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4298.

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The Interface Hypothesis (Sorace and Filiaci, 2006) conjectures that adult second language learners (L2 learners) who have reached near-native levels of proficiency in their second language exhibit difficulties at the interface between syntax and other cognitive domains, most notably at the syntax-discourse interface. However, research in this area was limited, in that the data were offline, and thus unable to provide evidence for the nature of the deficit shown by L2 learners. This thesis presents online data which address the question of the underlying nature of the difficulties observed in L2 learners at the syntaxdiscourse interface. This thesis has extended work on the syntax-discourse interface in L2 learners by investigating the acquisition of two phenomena at the syntax-discourse interface in German: the role of word order and pronominalization with respect to information structure (Experiments 1-3), and the antecedent preferences of anaphoric demonstrative (the der, die, das series homophonous with the definite article) and personal pronouns (the er, sie, es series) (Experiments 4- 8). Crucially, this work has used an on-line methodology, the visual-world paradigm, which allows an insight into the incremental interpretation of interface phenomena in real-time processing. The data from these experiments show that L2 learners have difficulty integrating different sources of information in real-time comprehension efficiently, supporting the Interface Hypothesis. However, the nature of the processing difficulties which L2 learners demonstrate in on-line processing was not determined by these studies, resulting in the question: are L2 learners’ difficulties a result of a limitation of processing resources, or the inability to deploy those resources effectively? A novel dualtask experiment (Experiment 9), in which native speakers of German were placed under processing load simulated the results previously obtained for L2 learners. It is concluded that syntactic dependencies were constrained by resource limitation, whereas discourse based dependencies were constrained by processing resource allocation.

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Bae, Sun Hee. "The Syntax-Phonology Interface in Native and Near-Native Korean." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845482.

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In this thesis, two types of non-native speakers are examined to advance our understanding of the language faculty. Filling a gap in literature, a production study of heritage language speakers of Korean and a comprehension study of heritage and non-heritage language speakers of Korean and of English for phenomena at the syntax-phonology interface are conducted. In the production study, narrative data collected from American heritage language speakers of Korean from the lower end to the higher end of the proficiency spectrum are examined for error analysis. Various tactics are used in dealing with unfamiliar vocabulary (extending their morphological knowledge of Korean and/or English, circumlocution, asking for the corresponding vocabulary in English, code-switching between Korean and English, and literal translations from English); sentence connections are less than fluent; sentence-level errors are observed with honorifics and with inanimate subjects, along with morpho-syntactic errors concerning misuse of particles (locatives and passives/causatives). Even at the lower-proficiency level, few difficulties in the realm of syntax-phonology interface, or prosody, are observed, motivating the next study. The comprehension study investigates the issues in the context of prosody and information structure. Information structure in Korean is surveyed, with a proposal laying out the environment in which the otherwise optional case and information-structural particles are mandatory, based on recoverability. A series of listening experiments with seven-point acceptability rating scores as the dependent variable are conducted to answer the following questions about language spoken by non-native speakers: (i) Do non-heritage and heritage learners acquire prosodic information conveying information structure? (ans heritage: yes, non-heritage: no), (ii) Does Sorace & Filiaci's (2006) Interface Hypothesis, which proposes that phenomena involving the interface of syntax and other areas (pragmatics) are less likely to be learned for very advanced learners, extend to the syntax-phonology interface? (ans no). The current study demonstrates how heritage language study may contribute to our understanding of the language faculty that other types of acquisition studies cannot.
Linguistics

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Casielles-Suarez, Eugenia. "The syntax-information structure interface : evidence from Spanish and English /." New York : Routledge, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412264587.

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Sato, Yosuke. "Minimalist Interfaces: Selected Issues in Indonesian and Javanese." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194649.

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This dissertation is a theoretical investigation of the thesis of Minimalist Interfaces, namely, that syntax-external linguistic interfaces that interact with the core syntactic computation and language-independent sound and concept systems play a more critical role in manipulating syntactic objects to make them legible to those systems than is currently assumed in the recent minimalist inquiry. The core theme of this thesis lies in the idea that syntax is not entirely crash-proof but could make a variety of derivational mistakes; phonological and semantic linguistic interfaces conduct a handful of independent domain-specific operations to attempt to legitimize illicit syntactic objects, if any, for the purposes of legibility at the language-external sound and concept systems. Evidence is provided that the syntax-external components use whatever resources they can to repair certain "imperfections" created by syntax but only within the range of options made available by the universal principles of syntax in tandem with the language-specific parameter values. This dissertation explores some of the ramifications and empirical consequences of this thesis based on the comprehensive description of a sizable portion of the grammar of Indonesian and Javanese collected by my fieldwork with three native Indonesian and Javanese consultants. Phenomena discussed here include the distribution of active voice morphology, P-stranding under sluicing, the denotation and morphosyntax of bare nominals, wh-in-situ questions, and reduplication asymmetries between nominal and verbal derivational affixes. These diverse ranges of phenomena in the two languages are analyzed in depth to provide converging evidence that the thesis of minimalist interface as defined above yields a deep understanding of the way the syntax interacts with the language-dependent interfaces responsible for phonological and semantic interpretation. The investigation conducted here, necessitates serious reconsideration of the commonly held view of linguistic interfaces as passive, merely ornamental components of natural language grammar ruled by the universal law of syntax.

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Lipenkova, Janna [Verfasser]. "The syntax-semantics interface in the Chinese ba-construction / Janna Lipenkova." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/111213347X/34.

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Knezevic, Natasa. "Numerals and distributivity in Serbian : at the syntax-semantics-acquisition interface." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT3041.

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Cette thèse apporte une contribution à la fois à la typologie morphosyntaxique et sémantique des marqueurs distributifs, et à l'étude de l'acquisition des numéraux. Elle offre une analyse du marqueur distributif po en serbe et présente des données empiriques sur la compréhension des phrases avec les numéraux distributifs chez l'enfant et l'adulte. La thèse montre que po implique systématiquement une quantification événementielle et partage les principales caractéristiques des marqueurs pluractionels (Newman 1980, 1990, Cusic 1981, Lasersohn 1995, Matthewson 2000, Filip & Carlson 2001). Nous nous focalisons sur les phrases avec numéraux en adaptant l'analyse de distributivité proposée par Cable (2014), pour expliquer le cas des numéraux combinés avec po. Cette analyse constitue l'une des rares contributions théoriques sur le marqueur distributive po dans les langues slaves. Les expériences réalisées offrent de nouvelles données empiriques sur la compréhension enfantine et adulte des phrases avec les numéraux ou avec le quantificateur universel svaki (chaque), dans lesquelles po distributif apparaît. Ces données offrent également une perspective développementale du phénomène, puisqu’elles ont été récoltées sur un total de 247 enfants, âgés de 4 à 10 ans. Deux expériences permettent une comparaison avec les études réalisées sur l'anglais (Musolino 2009), le russe (Sekerina & Sauermann 2011) et le hongrois (É. Kiss et al. 2012, 2013). Les deux autres expériences sont les premières à étudier l’acquisition de la distributivité avec les numéraux en slave. Leurs résultats appuient notre proposition théorique, selon laquelle le po distributif implique systématiquement la quantification événementielle
This thesis makes a contribution to the morphosyntactic and semantic typology of distributive markers, as well as to the acquisition of distributive numerals at the syntax-semantics interface. It aims to provide an analysis of Serbian distributive marker po and brings to light novel child and adult data on the understanding of sentences with numerals. Our main claim is that po always involves event quantification and furthermore, that is shares some core properties with pluractional markers (Newman 1980, 1990, Cusic 1981, Lasersohn 1995, Matthewson 2000, Filip & Carlson 2001). We focus on sentences with numerals and adapt Cable’s (2014) analysis of distributivity to account for numerals combined with po. This analysis is a contribution to rather scarce theoretical work on Slavic numeral distributive markers. Our experimental data provide child and adult data on the understanding of Serbian distributive po appearing in sentences with numerals and with the universal quantifier svaki (every). It furthermore explores a developmental perspective on the phenomena, since 247 children, with age ranging from 4 to 10 years, were tested in a total of four experiments. Two experiments contribute to the cross-linguistic comparison with the studies conducted on English (Musolino 2009), Russian (Sekerina & Sauermann 2011) and Hungarian (É. Kiss et al. 2012, 2013). The other two experiments are the first to address the specific research questions relative to distributivity in Slavic. They give support to our theoretical claim that distributive po uniformly involves quantification over events

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Schutter, John-Sebastian. "An investigation into near-nativeness at the syntax-lexicon interface : evidence from Dutch learners of English." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8873.

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This thesis investigates whether there are differences in language comprehension and language production between highly advanced/near-native adult learners of a second language (late L2ers) and native speakers (L1ers), and if so, how they should be characterised. In previous literature (Sorace & Filiaci 2006, Sorace 2011 inter alia), nonconvergence of the near-native grammar with the native grammar has been identified as most likely to occur at the interface between syntax and another cognitive domain. This thesis focuses on grammatical and ungrammatical representations at the syntax-lexicon interface between very advanced/near-native Dutch learners of English and native speakers of English. We tested differences in syntactic knowledge representations and real-time processing through eight experiments. By syntactic knowledge representations we mean the explicit knowledge of grammar (specifically word order dependence on lexical-semantics) that a language user exhibits in their language comprehension and production, and by realtime processing we mean the language user’s ability to access implicit and explicit knowledge of grammar under time and/or memory constraints in their language comprehension and production. To test for systematic differences at the syntax-lexicon interface we examined linguistic structures in English that differ minimally in word order from Dutch depending on the presence or absence of certain lexical items and their characteristics; these were possessive structures with animate and inanimate possessors and possessums in either a prenominal or postnominal construction, preposed adverbials of location (locative inversions) followed by either unergative or unaccusative verbs, and preposed adverbials of manner containing a negative polarity item (negative inversions) or positive polarity item followed by either V2 or V3 word order. We used Magnitude Estimation Tasks and Speeded Grammaticality Judgement Tasks to test comprehension, and Syntactic Priming (with/without extra memory load) and Speeded Sentence Completion Tasks to test production. We found evidence for differences in comprehension and production between very advanced, near-native Dutch L2ers and native speakers of English, and that these differences appear to be associated with processing rather than with competence. Dutch L2ers differed from English L1ers with respect to preferences in word order of possessive structures and after preposed adverbials of manner. However, these groups did not differ in production and comprehension with respect to transitivity in locative inversions. We conclude that even among highly advanced to near-native late learners of a second language there may be non-convergence of the L2 grammar. Such non-convergence need not coincide with the L1 grammar but may rather be a result of over-applying linguistic L2 knowledge. Thus, very advanced to near-native L2ers still have access to limited (meta)linguistic resources that under time and memory constraints may result in ungrammatical language comprehension and/or production at the syntax-lexicon interface. In sum, in explaining interface phenomena, the results of this study provide evidence for a processing account over a representational account, i.e. Dutch L2ers showed they possess grammatical knowledge of the specific L2 linguistic structures in comprehension and production, but over-applied this knowledge in exceptional cases under time and/or memory pressure. We suggest that current bilingual production models focus more on working memory by including a separate memory component to such models and conducting empirical research to test its influence on L2 production and comprehension.

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Kraš, Tihana. "L2 acquisition of the lexicon-syntax interface and narrow syntax by child and adult Croatian learners of Italian." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612260.

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Gibert, Sotelo Elisabeth. "Source and negative prefixes: On the syntax-lexicon interface and the encoding of spatial relations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461414.

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This dissertation offers a contrastive analysis of the (here called) Source prefix des- and the negative prefix iN- in Spanish that highlights the connections and divergences existing between the encoding of Source paths and the encoding of negation. For des-, it is proposed that, although it can appear in different contexts (with verbs, nouns, and adjectives) and may display different meanings (separation, deprivation, destruction, reversion and negation), it has only one entry in the lexicon in which it is identified with its most basic value, that of a Source path. The polysemy of this prefix emerges, on the one hand, from the syntactic context where it is embedded and, on the other, from the conceptual content associated to the root with which it is combined. As for iN-, the claim is made that it is a negative marker that involves quantification over a scale (which accounts for its restriction to only combine with scalar bases) and adjectival categorization (which explains that iN- prefixed items are always adjectives). Finally, to reach a better understanding of the syntax and semantics of these two prefixes, their Latin predecessors are also analyzed: the Source prefixes ab-, de-, ex- and dis-, and the negative prefix iN-. In line with Acedo-Matellán (2006b) and Acedo-Matellán & Mateu (2013), it is shown that the step from Latin to Romance triggered a typological change from a satellite-framed system, Latin, to a verb-framed one, Romance languages in general and Spanish in particular. The evolution from Latin to Spanish also triggered a reanalysis of the negative prefix iN-, which changed its status from an adjunct showing a certain degree of autonomy and ability to be combined with different types of bases, to a categorizing affix. The phenomena are approached from a neo-constructionist perspective of the syntax-lexicon interface. In particular, I adopt the principles stated in Nanosyntax and assume that the function of the lexicon is to provide lexical exponents to spell out the structures delivered by syntax. Drawing on Real Puigdollers’ (2013) theory of lexicalization by phase, I adopt the view that the timing of Spell-Out is marked by the phase, which allows accounting for cross-linguistic variation. Besides, this thesis aims at providing an account of the precise way in which structural semantics interacts with conceptual content. To this end, I take into consideration Pustejovsky’s (1995) formalization of lexical semantics via Qualia Structure, and posit that when lexical exponents are inserted in the syntactic structure, their qualia structures interact and ultimately determine the precise meaning of the configuration.
L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és oferir una anàlisi contrastiva entre des-, el qual anomenem prefix d’Origen, i el prefix negatiu iN- en espanyol que posi de relleu les connexions existents entre l’expressió de les trajectòries d’Origen i la negació. Per a des-, es proposa que, tot i que pot aparèixer en diferents contextos (en verbs, noms i adjectius) i desplegar diverses accepcions (separació, privació, destrucció, reversió i negació), els seus diversos usos poden derivar-se d’una única entrada lèxica que identifica el valor més bàsic d’aquest prefix, que és el d’expressar una trajectòria d’Origen. Es defensa que els diversos valors de des- sorgeixen en funció del context sintàctic en el qual apareix i del contingut conceptual de l’arrel amb la qual es combina. Pel que fa a iN-, es proposa que és un marcador negatiu que implica quantificació sobre una escala (motiu pel qual aquest prefix només pot combinar-se amb bases escalars) i també categorització adjectival (cosa que dóna compte del fet que no documentem ni noms ni adjectius encapçalats per aquest prefix). Finalment, per tal de comprendre millor el funcionament d’aquests dos prefixos, s’estudien els seus antecedents llatins: els prefixos d’Origen ab-, de-, ex- i dis-, i el prefix purament negatiu iN-. Seguint la línia d’investigació d’Acedo-Matellán (2006b) i Acedo-Matellán i Mateu (2013), es demostra que el pas del llatí a les llengües romàniques va comportar un canvi tipològic: es va passar d’un sistema d’emmarcament en el satèl·lit, el llatí, a un sistema d’emmarcament verbal, l’espanyol (i les llengües romàniques en general). L’estudi d’iN- en llatí també mostra que aquest prefix va patir una reanàlisi en l’evolució del llatí al castellà, passant de ser un adjunt amb cert grau d’autonomia i capaç de combinar-se amb diversos tipus de base, a ser un afix categoritzador. L’anàlisi d’aquests fenòmens es realitza des d’una perspectiva neoconstruccionista de la interfície sintaxi-lexicó. En particular, s’adopten els principis de la Nanosintaxi i s’assumeix que la funció del lexicó és proporcionar exponents per tal de materialitzar les configuracions creades per la sintaxi. Tenint en compte la teoria de lexicalització per fases de Real Puigdollers (2013), es postula que els punts d’accés de les interfícies a l’estructura derivacional venen marcats per la fase, i que la variació interlingüística depèn d’on defineixi aquests punts d’accés cada llengua. També es pretén oferir una explicació de com interactuen el significat estructural i el contingut conceptual. Per això, s’adopta la formalització de la semàntica lèxica en termes d’Estructura de Qualia proposada per Pustejovsky (1995), i es proposa que, un cop els exponents han estat inserits en l’estructura sintàctica, les seves estructures de qualia estableixen connexions que determinen el significat precís de la configuració.
El propósito de la tesis es ofrecer un análisis contrastivo entre el (aquí llamado) prefijo de Origen des- y el prefijo negativo iN- del español que ponga de relieve las conexiones existentes entre la expresión de las trayectorias de Origen y la negación. Para des-, se propone que sus distintos usos (en verbos, nombres y adjetivos) y acepciones (separación, privación, destrucción, reversión y negación) derivan de una única entrada léxica en la que dicho prefijo es identificado con su valor más básico, que es el de expresar una trayectoria de Origen. Se defiende que la polisemia de este prefijo depende, por un lado, del contexto sintáctico en el que está incluido y, por otro, del significado conceptual asociado a la raíz con la que se combina. Por lo que respecta a iN-, se propone que es un marcador negativo que implica cuantificación sobre una escala (motivo por el cual únicamente puede combinarse con bases escalares) y categorización adjetival (lo que explica que no se documenten ni nombres ni verbos encabezados por iN-). Finalmente, para comprender mejor el funcionamiento de estos prefijos, se acude a sus antecedentes latinos: los prefijos de Origen ab-, de-, ex- y dis-, y el prefijo puramente negativo iN-. En línea con las investigaciones de Acedo-Matellán (2006b) y Acedo-Matellán y Mateu (2013), se demuestra que el paso del latín al romance acarrea un cambio tipológico: se pasa de un sistema de enmarcamiento en el satélite, el latín, a un sistema de enmarcamiento en el verbo, las lenguas románicas en general y el español en particular. Por lo que respecta a iN-, se propone que sufrió un reanálisis en la evolución del latín al castellano, pasando de ser un adjunto capaz de combinarse con distintas bases y mostrando cierto grado de autonomía, a ser un afijo categorizador. El análisis de estos fenómenos se realiza desde una perspectiva neo-construccionista de la interfaz sintaxis-léxico. En particular, se adoptan los principios de la Nanosintaxis y se asume que la función del léxico es proporcionar exponentes para materializar las configuraciones sintácticas. Tomando en consideración la teoría de lexicalización por fases de Real Puigdollers (2013), se postula que los puntos de acceso de las interfaces a la estructura derivacional están marcados por la fase, y que la variación interlingüística depende de dónde defina cada lengua estos puntos de acceso. Además, se pretende ofrecer una explicación del modo en que el significado estructural interactúa con el contenido conceptual. A tal fin, se adopta la formalización de la semántica léxica en términos de Estructura de Qualia propuesta por Pustejovsky (1995), y se propone que cuando los exponentes se insertan en la estructura sintáctica, sus estructuras de qualia establecen conexiones que determinan el significado preciso de la configuración.

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Scott, Sheila. "The second language acquisition of Irish relative clauses: The morphology/syntax interface." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/11012.

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The thesis explores whether or not overt bound morphology triggers the acquisition of distinct structural representations or whether these representations are acquired independently of the morphology. Second language learners of Irish were tested to determine their level of sensitivity to distinct complementizer forms in Irish, aL which triggers lenition on the verb in the presence of a gap in the clause and aN which triggers eclipsis on the verb in the presence of a resumptive pronoun in the clause. Adult second language learners of Irish were tested using aural and written acceptability judgements tasks to determine if they had acquired a resumptive strategy according to the form of the complementizer. Results indicated that learners were not sensitive to the distinct complementizer, i.e., to the distinct mutations of the verbs. Gap structures were preferred regardless of the mutation on the verb. An emerging resumptive strategy appears to be present based on the acceptance of resumptive pronouns in the form of prepositional pronouns in the clause. It is argued that access to Universal Grammar has facilitated this development independently of the acquisition of the prescribed morphology. Results also appear to indicate that there is a generation gap between native speakers and their ability to distinguish between the aL and aN complementizers. A lack of sensitivity to the mutations appears to be present in the young bilingual speakers of Irish who grew up with both languages in the home. It is argued that increased exposure to a variety of dialects through the media as well as pressures of language contact, have had an impact.

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Ziková, Markéta [Verfasser]. "Licensing of Vowel Length in Czech : The Syntax-Phonology Interface / Markéta Ziková." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1167658620/34.

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49

Chow, Pui-lun, and 周佩倫. "The syntax-semantics interface of resultative constructions in Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434482.

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This thesis focuses on a special type of construction in Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese long discussed in the literature, namely resultative constructions. The interest of the study lies in the fact that resultative constructions involve an interesting mismatch phenomenon of the mapping of grammatical functions and semantic roles. Since grammatical functions and semantic roles are the building blocks of syntax and semantics, the mapping between grammatical functions and semantic roles is considered a manifestation of the syntactic and semantic interface and it is believed that the study of the mapping between them will shed light on the form and meaning association found inhuman language. However, while an adequate mapping theory can reflect how human experience or meaning is expressed in language, the mapping between grammatical functions and semantic roles is neither linear nor mutually correspondent on a one-to-one basis, rendering the nature of its mechanism obscure. In this thesis, the interface between the semantic and syntactic realizations of resultative constructions in Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese will be investigated. The goal is to seek an optimal approach which can provide a more satisfactory account in handling mapping of Mandarin and Cantonese resultatives and explaining the special properties of the V-V structures involved in Mandarin and Cantonese resultative constructions. Drawing from the insights of previous accounts and the properties of resultative constructions, a working definition for resultatives is proposed. Through reviewing some current mapping accounts and revealing their inadequacies and limitations in handling grammatical functions and semantic roles mapping in resultative constructions in Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese, I am going to argue that Jackendoff’s (1990) conceptual semantics approach provides an optimal structure for the representation of resultative compounds in particular and the resultative constructions in general in Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese. I also want to argue that the investigation of the resultative constructions in Mandarin and Cantonese not only sheds light on the prospect of applying Jackendoff’s (1990) conceptual semantics approach to understanding other types of constructions and special phenomena in Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese, but also indicates a new direction of study in the possible multiple sense involved in Mandarin and Cantonese compounds.
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Linguistics
Master
Master of Philosophy

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50

Shomura, Yoko. "The lexicon-syntax interface in second language acquisition : evidence from L2 Japanese." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23191.

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This thesis deals with the second language (L2) acquisition of the interface between verb meaning and morphosyntax in Japanese by English-speaking learners. The general aim of the study is to explore the influence of lexical semantic features on the acquisition of the syntax of intransitive verbs in L2 Japanese. Two different grammatical phenomena are targeted in the study: split intransitivity and the transitivity alternation. The aim of the study with respect to each grammatical phenomenon is outlined as follows. First, the purpose of the study on split intransitivity is to investigate whether the knowledge of the unaccusative-unergative distinction exhibited by native Japanese and acquired by L2 learners of Japanese displays any sensitivity to the Split Intransitivity Hierarchy, which is proposed by Sorace (2000) for European languages. Second, our interest in the transitivity alternation is to determine whether the difference in the features involved in the intransitive /transitive alternation will affect L2 acquisition. These features include not only the mapping between the lexicon and syntax, but also the presence of a morphological marker distinguishing transitive and intransitive verbs. The central issue of be addressed is whether learners experience more difficulty in acquisition when L1 and L2 share the same properties in the target verb class at the lexical-semantic level, but differ in how to encode it at the morphological level. The findings from previous studies suggest that learners tend to experience more difficulty in the case where the L1 marks the distinction with overt morphology and L2 does not, than in the opposite case where L1 does not encode the property with overt morphology and L2 does. This is a point which our study aims to further test. Three independent experimental studies were conducted to investigate these issues.

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