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1

Liu, Jingyu, Bin Liu, Dandan Liu, Hongyu Ji, Jingling Shen, and Bo Zhang. "Optically tunable terahertz-band interference fringe shift based on indium oxide." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 14 (March 9, 2020): 2050154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920501547.

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An optically tunable terahertz (THz)-band shift in interference fringes based on an indium oxide structure was investigated. An interference phenomenon formed by the combination of partial-through measurements with a shift in the periodic peaks in a THz time-domain spectroscopy system was reported. When the THz beam passes through the edge of the material sample, equally spaced interference fringes are obtained in the frequency domain and these interference fringes can be varied using a 450 nm external continuous-wave laser. The peak of the THz interference fringe shifts by almost half a period. This work offers the ability to observe THz-band interference fringes in the frequency domain and shows that these interference fringes change with variations in the intensity of the applied excitation light.
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2

Liu, Kan, and Hao You. "Real-Time Micro-Fluidic Chip Pressure Control System Base on the Optical Interference." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1274.

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This article introduces a measurement system based on LabVIEW used for optical interference fringe on micro-fluidic chips. This system mainly uses cameras to capture real-time images of wedge interference fringe on micro-fluidic chips, then the collected images will be binarized by LabVIEW. The processed images will be divided by zone , determine the flatness and gap thickness of the micro-fluidic chips by interference fringes with different directions of deflection and numbers. Finally, feedback from measured data will be used to adjust the flatness and gap thickness of micro-fluidic chips in order to meet the requirement of tests.
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3

Han, Wen Mei, Tian He Kang, and Chun Xia Xue. "Experimental Studies on Thermal Strain of Aerial Laminated Glasses." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 1659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1659.

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Experimental studies on thermal strain of aerial laminated glasses by virtue of Moire Interferometry were done. The experimental results were as follows: in the U patterns of moire interference fringe, with temperature increasing, the fringes became denser and the thermal strain was augmented. In the V patterns of moire interference fringe, the sequence of the fringe patterns increased is intermediate film layer, external shielding layer and main bearing layer, respectively. The U and V fringe patterns results analyzed by digital image process system indicate that, with temperature increasing, the strain εx decreased. Because the difference of coefficients of thermal expansion of three materials is very large, the thermal strain is generated significantly, and the interlayer thermal shear strain exists in the end and intermediate position of the free boundary of the laminated glass.
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4

White, D. L. "The interference fringe aligner." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 6, no. 6 (November 1988): 1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.584133.

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5

Eyramjyan, Tigran H., Tamara S. Mnatsakanyan, and Minas K. Balyan. "Experimental and theoretical investigations of an X-ray LLL interferometer with a wedge-shaped mirror plate." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 74, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273318009889.

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An X-ray LLL interferometer with a wedge-shaped mirror plate is experimentally and theoretically investigated. Experimentally obtained interference patterns show that the Moiré fringes are superposed on Pendellösung fringes and the period of the Pendellösung fringes is not changed after passing the analyzer plate. An eikonal theory of interference-fringe formation in an LLL interferometer with a wedge-shaped mirror plate is developed, and provides predictions that coincide with experimentally obtained results.
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6

Shao, M. "Fringe Visibility and Phase Measurements." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 158 (1994): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900107806.

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At optical wavelengths there are a wide variety of techniques to detect interference fringes. Because detectors in the visible/IR are energy detectors, the fringe amplitude and phase must be encoded in some manner. Two fundamentally different methods are temporal and spatial encoding. This paper briefly describes the various techniques that have been used in operational interferometers along with their advantages and disadvantages. Several fringe detectors for next-generation interferometers will also be described. These fringe detectors often combine multiple functions, such as spectroscopy and multi-beam combination.
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7

Li, Hao Ran, Jun Hong Su, Ai Ming Ge, and Li Hong Yang. "Research on Intelligentized Recognition Technology for Double Wavelength Laser Measurement of Thin Film Thickness." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 1760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.1760.

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Interference image processing is the key technology of optical interference measurement. This paper introduced the problems on automatic interference fringe processing in absolutely measurement based on laser interference, digital image processing technology. The image acquisition of the SiO2 film and the pre-processing of interferogram was performed.Decimal part of the interference fringes is obtained. Using high-resolution image acquisition system and computer reads and processes the interference image, replaces the traditional work of skilled workers of high intensity for a long time and improves the film thickness measurement accuracy.
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8

LU Sen, 鲁. 森., 杨开明 YANG Kai-ming, 朱. 煜. ZHU Yu, 王磊杰 WANG Lei-jie, and 张. 鸣. ZHANG Ming. "Interference fringe phase locking system." Optics and Precision Engineering 25, no. 1 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20172501.0001b.

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9

Walmsley, Ian. "Quantum interference beyond the fringe." Science 358, no. 6366 (November 23, 2017): 1001–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aao3883.

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10

Zhang, Ya Ping, Zhi Gang Fan, and Shi Wei Xu. "Modification of Coherent Gradient Sensing (CGS) to Accurately Get the Fringe Order." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.171.

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In this paper, a novel optical method, namely, Coherent Gradient Sensing (CGS) is used to study the fracture properties of IR window materials in the guidance missile. CGS can produce high contrast fringes and provide some degree of control on the sensitivity of measurement during experiment. It is highly attractive for solid mechanics applications, especially to new materials, such as IR window materials. But the accuracy of the fringe order in the CGS interference image will deeply influence the precision of experiment. Because of the different optical principle from other method, the fringe order of CGS can’t be obtained through the phase-shift technology. To satisfy the precision request of IR window materials, a kind of modified CGS method, loading CGS method is introduced and analyzed, which can accurately obtain the fringe order of random position in the CGS interference image. This method doesn’t need additional optical set-up and complicated image processing techniques, but only need two CGS interference images under different loading. Static fracture experiments of ZnS show that this method can evidently improve the precision of the CGS method.
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11

Schofield, M. A., and Y. Zhu. "Characterization of JEOL 3000f TEM Equipped for Electron Holography." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600033638.

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Quantitative off-axis electron holography in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) requires careful design of experiment specific to instrumental characteristics. For example, the spatial resolution desired for a particular holography experiment imposes requirements on the spacing of the interference fringes to be recorded. This fringe spacing depends upon the geometric configuration of the TEM/electron biprism system, which is experimentally fixed, but also upon the voltage applied to the biprism wire of the holography unit, which is experimentally adjustable. Hence, knowledge of the holographic interference fringe spacing as a function of applied voltage to the electron biprism is essential to the design of a specific holography experiment. Furthermore, additional instrumental parameters, such as the coherence and virtual size of the electron source, for example, affect the quality of recorded holograms through their effect on the contrast of the holographic fringes.
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12

Li, Dang Juan, and Shen Jian Wu. "The Study of Polymer Material Transference Phenomenon Measurement Method." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 3110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.3110.

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In this paper, for the transference phenomenon of high polymers, a method of measurement system based on sodium light and feisuo interference with digital image processing technology was proposed. At first, the system measurement scheme and method were explained and there were some experiments with micro moleculesIn the experiment, the high polymer is the mixture of acetone and organic glass by a certain ratio, the micro molecules are Acetone and ethanol; at last, the interference strips were collected at interval time by using the image control collection procedure and processed. After thinning the fringes, we calculated the fringe spacing distance by K-L transform, by measuring the fringe spacing change in the polymer transference of acetone and ethanol we draw the change rule of the Polymer material refractive index :in 10 mins, the fringe spacing became to 40 percent , the refractive index became 2.5 times and keep invariant for Polymer material; in 50 mins, the fringe spacing became to 56 percent ,the refractive index became 1.7 times and kept invariant for ethanol. That’s all, at the time of balance, it will not infect the capability of the Polymer material any longer.
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13

Lenz, Friedrich, and Edgar Völkl. "Stochastic Limitations to Phase and Contrast Determinations in Electron Holography." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (August 12, 1990): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100179890.

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An important step in the evaluation of electron holograms consists in the determination of contrast μ> 0 and phase φ of a distribution functionrecorded using a large but finite number N of electrons. The direction of the interference fringes and their period (‘fringe width’) which is used as length unit are assumed to be known. The x axis runs perpendicular, and the y axis parallel to the fringes. It is assumed that a rectangular area is evaluated, the width of which in x direction is an integer multiple of the fringe width, and that within this area the fringe system is parallel and equidistant, i.e. μ and φ are constant. We shall restrict ourselves to the interval 0 < x ≤ 1. According to (1), the probability for an electron to be recorded within an interval between x and x + dx is W(x, φ,μ) dx. During the practical evaluation of a holographic fringe pattern, however, the x values are not measured but only the numbers of electors recorded within finite sampling areas.
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14

Mastin, Gary A., and Dennis C. Ghiglia. "Digital extraction of interference fringe contours." Applied Optics 24, no. 12 (June 15, 1985): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.001727.

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15

Heilmann, Ralf K., Paul T. Konkola, Carl G. Chen, G. S. Pati, and Mark L. Schattenburg. "Digital heterodyne interference fringe control system." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 19, no. 6 (2001): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1410096.

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16

Kagawa, K., H. Yamanaka, S. Yokoi, and H. Hattori. "Demonstration of a dancing interference fringe." Physics Education 32, no. 6 (November 1997): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/32/6/016.

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17

Gerasimova, T. E. "Digital image processing in interference-optical methodsof solid mechanics." Vestnik of Samara University. Natural Science Series 21, no. 3 (May 19, 2017): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7525-2015-21-3-73-87.

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In the paper the detailed review and comparison of modern methods of digital object processing in present-day interference optical techniques (namely, photomechanics) are given. The methods of fringe thinnig, fringe clustering, fringe tracing are discussed. Applications of methods to digital photomechanics and fracture mechanics parameter determination are considered. The example of cracked semidisc for compression is analyzed.
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18

Sasaki, Y. C., Y. Suzuki, H. Yamanashi, A. Arai, and M. Yanagihara. "Time-resolved fluorescent X-ray interference." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 1075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049598002787.

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A fluorescent X-ray interference method can effectively measure nanometer-level conformational changes for non-crystallized molecules and proteins in aqueous conditions. The time-resolved technique can be used to obtain information about the dynamics of molecules and proteins. Instrumentation for time-resolved fluorescent X-ray interference has been designed. A typical interference-fringe pattern was observed with approximately 3 s of X-ray exposure time from K-fluorescent X-rays emitted from a Zn monoatomic layer on an Rh substrate. The primary X-ray beam was polychromed with a mirror for total external reflection of X-rays and was tuned to an energy level at which only Zn K radiation became optimally excited. The glancing angle of the primary X-ray beam was fixed at a glancing angle at which the total intensity of K-fluorescent X-rays emitted from Zn atoms corresponded to the maximum value. The fluorescent X-ray interference fringes were monitored with an imaging plate (IP) as a non-energy-dispersive two-dimensional detector. The exposed interference fringes on the IP were integrated along the direction of the fringes. The integrated fringes were in close agreement with a theoretical estimate based on the interference among transmitted and reflected waves at interfaces in the sample.
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19

Hasegawa, S., T. Kawasaki, J. Endo, M. Futamoto, and A. Tonomura. "Digital phase analysis in interference electron microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 842–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100106272.

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Interference electron microscopy enables us to record the phase distribution of an electron wave on a hologram. The distribution is visualized as a fringe pattern in a micrograph by optical reconstruction. The phase is affected by electromagnetic potentials; scalar and vector potentials. Therefore, the electric and magnetic field can be reduced from the recorded phase. This study analyzes a leakage magnetic field from CoCr perpendicular magnetic recording media. Since one contour fringe interval corresponds to a magnetic flux of Φo(=h/e=4x10-15Wb), we can quantitatively measure the field by counting the number of finges. Moreover, by using phase-difference amplification techniques, the sensitivity for magnetic field detection can be improved by a factor of 30, which allows the drawing of a Φo/30 fringe. This sensitivity, however, is insufficient for quantitative analysis of very weak magnetic fields such as high-density magnetic recordings. For this reason we have adopted “fringe scanning interferometry” using digital image processing techniques at the optical reconstruction stage. This method enables us to obtain subfringe information recorded in the interference pattern.
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20

ANDO, SATOSHI, KAZUYA YUASA, and MAURO IAZZI. "INTERFERENCE OF AN ARRAY OF INDEPENDENT BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES WITH FIXED NUMBER OF ATOMS." International Journal of Quantum Information 09, supp01 (January 2011): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749911007393.

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Interference of an array of independent Bose-Einstein condensates, whose experiment has been performed recently, is theoretically studied in detail. Even if the number of the atoms in each gas is kept finite and the phases of the gases are not well-defined, interference fringes are observed on each snapshot. The statistics of the snapshot interference patterns, i.e. the average fringe amplitudes and their fluctuations (covariance), are computed analytically, and concise formulas for their asymptotic values for long time of flight are derived. Processes contributing to these quantities are clarified and the relationship with the description on the basis of the symmetry-breaking scenario is revealed.
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21

Norton, M. Grant, and C. Barry Carter. "Analysis of moiré patterns in images of thin YBa2Cu3O7-δ films on MgO." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (August 1992): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100121582.

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Moiré fringes arise from the interference between diffracted beams from two overlapping crystals (double diffraction) and in the bright-field case the forward scattered beam. The fringe patterns act as magnifiers of lattice imperfections and small deviations from perfect crystallographic orientation and symmetry. Moiré patterns have been used previously to study, for example, the growth of metal films on substrates such as molybdenum disulfide—which can easily be prepared to electron transparency. Moiré patterns can be used to identify microstructural defects in epitactic deposits. For example, the presence of rotationally misaligned grains, the presence of dislocations, and residual interfacial strain will be revealed in the fringe pattern.
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22

Barry Carter, C., D. L. Medlin, Dov Cohen, and Geoffrey Campbell. "Stacking-Fault Fringes." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 694–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600016792.

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Crystalline interfaces associated with lattice translations such as stacking-faults (SFs) and twin boundaries may be characterized in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) by oscillatory fringe contrast known as SF, or rigid-body-translation, fringes. Such fringe contrast is usually obtained using weak-beam bright-field (BF) or dark-field (DF) conditions with ideally only one reflection, g, excited. The nature of the SF contrast has been explained by dynamical theory of electron diffraction in terms of the Howie-Whelan equations [1]. The fringe contrast arises from an interference caused by a phase shift the diffracted electron beams, undergo upon propagating across the interface. The phase shift, α, is proportional to the projection of the translation vector, R, onto the diffraction vector, g (i.e. α # g.R). The direction of the translation state can be determined explicitly from the SF contrast in a manner analogous to the analysis of dislocation Burgers vector.An analysis of SF fringes with respect to diffraction theory permits the magnitude of the lattice translation to be evaluated in experimental images.
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23

Yabusaki, Katsumi, Reiko Arita, and Takanori Yamauchi. "Automated classification of dry eye type analyzing interference fringe color images of tear film using machine learning techniques." Modeling and Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology 2, no. 3 (June 5, 2019): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35119/maio.v2i3.90.

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The unstable balance in secretions of lipids and aqueous fluid to tear film is a significant cause of dry eye disease (DED). Arita et al. demonstrated a simple but very effective method that classifies dry eye types to the aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE) and the evaporative dry eye (EDE) by focusing on the dry eye type-unique appearances of interference fringe colors and patterns of tear films. We thought this simple classification is very helpful for diagnoses and treatments. However, diagnostic bias by unskilled observers remains an issue to be solved. The artificial intelligence (AI)-based support for diagnosis is one of the hottest topics in the field of ophthalmology research. We expected that the AI-based model would reduce bias in DED-type diagnoses. Many studies have been reported targeting retinal diseases like age-related macular degeneration and/or diabetic retinopathy. Most of the works established AI-based predicting models using images taken by fundus cameras and/or optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices to capture disease-related structural disorders. In contrast, the interference fringes dynamically change the colors and patterns spatiotemporally. To the best of our knowledge, there is no AI-based model studied for distinguishing ADDE and EDE using interference fringe images. However, an AI-based study classifying the condition of the tear lipid layer by analyzing the textures of interference fringes compared to the device-unique grades has been reported. This suggested the possibility of using the unstructured characteristics, such as colors and/or complexities of interference fringes, as the numerical image features when building AI-based prediction models. In this study, we first examined several types of image characteristics extracted from the colors and patterns of fringes to obtain effective image features for the DED-type classification. We then evaluated whether the AI-based models would have sufficient abilities for this type of prediction by comparing their diagnoses with those made by an ophthalmologist skilled in this classification (the founder of this type classification).
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24

Zhu, Linlin, Yuchu Dong, Zexiao Li, and Xiaodong Zhang. "A Novel Surface Recovery Algorithm for Dual Wavelength White LED in Vertical Scanning Interferometry (VSI)." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 13, 2020): 5225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185225.

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The two peaks characteristic of yellow and blue light in the spectrum of dual-wavelength white light emitting diodes (LEDs) introduce distinctive features to the interference signal of white light scanning interferometry (WLSI). The distinctive features are defined as discontinuities, so that the fringe contrast function cannot be modeled as a single Gaussian function, and causes the interferogram to have uneven distribution of fringes of different orders in the scanning interferometer. This phenomenon leads to the low accuracy of the zero-order fringe position in the envelope calculation, which affects the repeatability and accuracy of the interferometry. This paper proposes a new surface recovery algorithm based on the Hilbert phase envelope and adjacent reference points calculation, which can effectively overcome the influence of the discontinuous signal of dual-wavelength LED white light interference on the three-dimensional reconstruction of WLSI measurements. The reliability of the algorithm is verified by experiments, and the measurement accuracy of LED WLSI system is evaluated.
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25

Mitsuya, Yasunaga, Yasuhiro Kawamoto, Hedong Zhang, and Hiroyuki Oka. "Head-Disk Spacing Measurement Using Michelson Laser Interferometry as Observed Through Glass Disk." Journal of Tribology 126, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1645870.

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A spacing measurement using Michelson laser interferometry was developed for measuring the head-disk spacing in a hard disk drive. This method utilizes the phase comparison of two kinds of interference fringe patterns formed respectively over the inner surface of a glass disk and the air bearing surface of a slider through the glass disk. To increase resolution and reproducibility, four principal techniques were newly introduced: an optical system on which a high-definition CCD (charge-coupled device) camera was mounted, external identification of the fringe interval by driving the reference mirror, a wobbling technique to freeze ridgelines at a prescribed position when capturing the fringe image, and a powerful method for extracting ridgelines from the fringe pattern. In this method, the phase shift generated by light reflection on the slider surface incurring multiple beam interference effects must be compensated. For this purpose, first the phase shift was quantified by simulating the multiple beam interferences over a stratified medium inclusive of the lubricating air film, the DLC (diamond-like-carbon) protective layer, the silicon underlayer and the substrate. Then, the shift was subtracted from the optical spacing to obtain the mechanical spacing. Finally, the repeatedly measured mechanical spacings were compared with the theoretically calculated spacings, showing a good accordance between them.
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FUTAMI, Susumu, Hirosi OZIMA, Yukihiro CYOKYU, and Masayuki YAMAZAKI. "Simulation for forming process of interference fringe." Journal of Advanced Science 10, no. 2-3 (1998): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.2978/jsas.10.2-3_138.

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27

Wu Shuangle, 吴双乐, 胡慧然 Hu Huiran, 钟诗民 Zhong Shimin, 孙方圆 Sun Fangyuan, 赵琪涵 Zhao Qihan, and 王永红 Wang Yonghong. "Automatic Extraction of Speckle Interference Fringe Regions." Acta Optica Sinica 39, no. 12 (2019): 1212004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201939.1212004.

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28

Kallenbach, A., and M. Kock. "Anomalous dispersion measurement by interference fringe shift." Applied Optics 26, no. 22 (November 15, 1987): 4870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.26.004870.

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29

Imai, Yoh, and Yoshihiro Ohtsuka. "Optical Computing Based On Interference Fringe Shifting." Optical Engineering 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 250198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.7973785.

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30

Ebeling, Carl G., Amihai Meiri, Jason Martineau, Zeev Zalevsky, Jordan M. Gerton, and Rajesh Menon. "Increased localization precision by interference fringe analysis." Nanoscale 7, no. 23 (2015): 10430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr01927c.

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31

Vikram, Chandra S., and H. John Caulfield. "Interference fringe analysis based on centroid detection." Applied Optics 46, no. 22 (July 9, 2007): 5137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.46.005137.

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32

Sandoz, Patrick, and Gilbert Tribillon. "Profilometry by Zero-order Interference Fringe Identification." Journal of Modern Optics 40, no. 9 (September 1993): 1691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500349314551711.

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33

Argyriou, Ioannis, Martyn Wells, Alistair Glasse, David Lee, Pierre Royer, Bart Vandenbussche, Eliot Malumuth, et al. "The nature of point source fringes in mid-infrared spectra acquired with the James Webb Space Telescope." Astronomy & Astrophysics 641 (September 2020): A150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037535.

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Context. As is common for infrared spectrometers, the constructive and destructive interference in different layers of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) detector arrays modulate the detected signal as a function of wavelength. The resulting “fringing” in the Medium-Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) spectra varies in amplitude between 10% and 30% of the spectral baseline. A common method for correcting for fringes relies on dividing the data by a fringe flat. In the case of MIRI MRS, the fringe flat is derived from measurements of an extended, spatially homogeneous source acquired during the thermal-vacuum ground verification of the instrument. While this approach reduces fringe amplitudes of extended sources below the percent level, at the detector level, point source fringe residuals vary in a systematic way across the point spread function. The effect could hamper the scientific interpretation of MRS observations of unresolved sources, semi-extended sources, and point sources in crowded fields. Aims. We find MIRI MRS point source fringes to be reproducible under similar observing conditions. We want to investigate whether a generic and accurate correction can be determined. Therefore, we want to identify the variables, if they exist, that would allow for a parametrization of the signal variations induced by point source fringe modulations. Methods. We determine the point source fringe properties by analyzing MRS detector plane images acquired on the ground. We extracted the fringe profile of multiple point source observations and studied the amplitude and phase of the fringes as a function of field position and pixel sampling of the point spread function of the optical chain. Results. A systematic variation in the amplitude and phase of the point source fringes is found over the wavelength range covered by the test sources (4.9 − 5.8 μm). The variation depends on the fraction of the point spread function seen by the detector pixel. We identify the non-uniform pixel illumination as the root cause of the reported systematic variation. This new finding allows us to reconcile the point source and extended source fringe patterns observed in test data during ground verification. We report an improvement after correction of 50% on the 1σ standard deviation of the spectral continuum. A 50% improvement is also reported in line sensitivity for a benchmark test with a spectral continuum of 100 mJy. The improvement in the shape of weak lines is illustrated using a T Tauri model spectrum. Consequently, we verify that fringes of extended sources and potentially semi-extended sources and crowded fields can be simulated by combining multiple point source fringe transmissions. Furthermore, we discuss the applicability of this novel fringe-correction method to the MRS data (and the data of other instruments).
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34

Downs, Donna A., Aly El-Shiekh, Paul A. Tucker, and John C. Russ. "Analysis of interference patterns in acoustic photomicrographs." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100153828.

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Images from the Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM) have been used previously to study fiber orientations in opaque matrices. SAM images are superficially similar to reflected light images. They also frequently exhibit interference patterns which can be used for quantitative analysis. These patterns arise at discontinuities near or intersecting the specimen surface, and result from interference between acoustic waves reflecting from subsurface boundaries and from the specimen surface. For the case of fibers intersecting a planar surface, the position of the interference fringes gives the orientation of the fiber with respect to the surface, and the shape of the fringes indicates any surface irregularities. Thus, if the fiber shape and orientation are known and if the waves are determined to be longitudinal, then fringe spacings can be used to calculate the velocity and attenuation of the longitudinal acoustic wave in the matrix surrounding the fiber.This technique was applied to graphite-epoxy composites, imaged in the SAM at a frequency of 1.2 GHz. First it was determined that other waves, such as shear waves, surface-skimming longitudinal waves, and surface acoustic waves (Rayleigh waves) were not present in the composite. Their addition to the interference pattern would have disrupted the interpretation of the object’s shape and surface features from the longitudinal fringes and complicated the solutions for wave reflections.
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Chanthawong, Narin, Satoru Takahashi, Kiyoshi Takamasu, and Hirokazu Matsumoto. "High-Accuracy Calibration of CMM Using Temporal-Coherence Fiber Interferometer with Fast-Repetition Comb Laser." Key Engineering Materials 625 (August 2014): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.625.66.

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A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is a measuring system with the means to move probing system and capability to determine spatial coordinates on working surface. CMM is used in many industry fields from few micrometers of work pieces to a 5-meter truck. The verification method of CMM is done following international standard. The artifacts for calibrated reference length are the end standards, such as gauge block and step gauge, or laser interferometer for large size CMM. The current laser interferometer is operated by continuous laser and interference fringe counting. One constraint of continuous laser is an incremental measurement. The measurement path cannot be interrupted during the measurement period. We developed a new absolute interferometer system from a short-pulse mode-locked fiber laser. A Fabry–Pérot etalon (FPE) is used to select high-frequency parts of repetition-frequency modes of the mode-locked comb laser at the wavelength of 1.55 μm. The 5-GHz repetition-modified laser beam, which is realized by a new fiber-type FPE, is transmitted to a fiber-type Michelson interferometer. The interference fringes exhibit a temporal coherence interference and can be used for measuring spatial positioning. The temporal coherence between different pairs of modified pulse trains is referred to as absolute length standards. The performance of CMM was determined directly from different positions of two interference fringe patterns.
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Long, Teng, En Li, Lei Yang, Junfeng Fan, and Zize Liang. "Analysis and Design of an Effective Light Interference Methane Sensor Based on Three-Dimensional Optical Path Model." Journal of Sensors 2018 (July 10, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1342593.

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As an important environmental monitoring equipment, the existing methane sensors or the traditional interferometer-based methane detectors have some drawbacks, such as low accuracy, large size, and complex calibration operations. Moreover, the optical path model and analysis method for the light interference methane sensor are not practical. In this paper, an effective light interference methane sensor is proposed based on a three-dimensional optical path model with point light source. Based on this model, the interference optical system is studied to illustrate the cause of the interference fringes. Furthermore, the influencing factors of the light intensity distribution are analyzed and an adjustment method for the interference fringes is proposed, which helps to simplify the assembling and calibrating operations. In order to improve the measurement accuracy, a temperature drift compensation method which includes a mapping table, a steady-state compensator, and a dynamic compensator is proposed. The mapping table is established between the output voltages of photoelectric detector, and the methane concentration, the steady-state compensator, and the dynamic compensator are proposed to eliminate the temperature drift. Finally, an experimental device for the light interference methane sensor is constructed to validate the interference fringe adjustment method and the temperature drift compensation method.
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37

Yang, Hai-Feng, Yong-Gang Tan, and Yao-Hua Hu. "Numerical simulation of charged wire interferometer for atoms." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 30 (November 7, 2016): 1650369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503693.

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In recent paper, Nowak et al. report a charged wire interferometer for atoms, and employ analytical method to explain the interference patterns [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 5792]. In this paper, a numerical calculation with semi-classical method is carried out and the experimental patterns are rebuilt very well. The interference patterns are interpreted by path integral. We also calculate the fringe period for different voltages and the agreement with experiment is more rigorous than the analytical expression. Besides, the fringe visibility of the interference patterns at different applied voltages and degrees is also discussed.
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38

Sala, S., A. Ariga, A. Ereditato, R. Ferragut, M. Giammarchi, M. Leone, C. Pistillo, and P. Scampoli. "First demonstration of antimatter wave interferometry." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (May 2019): eaav7610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav7610.

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Interference of matter waves is at the heart of quantum physics and has been observed for a wide range of particles from electrons to complex molecules. Here, we demonstrate matter wave interference of single positrons using a period-magnifying Talbot-Lau interferometer based on material diffraction gratings. The system produced high-contrast periodic fringes, which were detected by means of nuclear emulsions capable of determining the impact point of each individual positron with submicrometric resolution. The measured energy dependence of fringe contrast in the range of 8 to 16 keV proves the quantum-mechanical origin of the periodic pattern and excludes classical projective effects, providing the first observation to date of antimatter wave interference. Future applications of this interferometric technique include the measurement of the gravitational acceleration of neutral antimatter systems exploiting the inertial sensing capabilities of Talbot-Lau interference.
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39

Chu, Chu, Linbing Wang, Hailu Yang, Xiaocong Tang, and Qiyao Chen. "An optimized fringe generator of 3D pavement profilometry based on laser interference fringe." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 136 (January 2021): 106142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106142.

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40

Chen, Zhen, and Ji Hong Shen. "A Flame Fringe Detection Algorithm Based on Mahalanobis Distance." Advanced Materials Research 722 (July 2013): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.722.467.

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In this paper, a mahalanobis distance based flame fringe detection algorithm through digital image processing was proposed according to the insufficient accuracy and excessive interference of the traditional flame fringe detection algorithm. The similarity between the pixels in GRB image and the sample flame pixels was first calculated through Euclidean distance and mahalanobis distance for classifying the pixels in the image and finishing flame segmentation, and then the image was processed through binarization, and finally flame fringe was extracted through gradient method and image morphology. Also, a simulation analysis was made, and the results showed that the fringe extracted with this algorithm was single-pixel, smooth and continuous without cross, had less interference, and possessed high accuracy and reliability. Thus, this method can meet the flame detection in the complex images such as fire disaster image.
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41

Qureshi, Tabish, Pravabati Chingangbam, and Sheeba Shafaq. "Understanding ghost interference." International Journal of Quantum Information 14, no. 06 (September 2016): 1640036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749916400360.

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The ghost interference observed for entangled photons is theoretically analyzed using wave-packet dynamics. It is shown that ghost interference is a combined effect of virtual double-slit creation due to entanglement, and quantum erasure of which-path information for the interfering photon. For the case where the two photons are of different color, it is shown that fringe width of the interfering photon depends not only on its own wavelength, but also on the wavelength of the other photon which it is entangled with.
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42

Gao, Fei, Xian Feng Xu, Zhi Yong Jiao, Dai Lin Li, and Yu Lei Jia. "Preprocessing for Interference Fringe of Spherical Object Wave." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 4225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.4225.

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A simple preprocessing method for interference fringe of holograms generated between spherical object wave fronts and plane wave reference is suggested. The formulae to calculate the diameters of the interference concentric circle and then to get the radius of spherical wave are deduced strictly and the flowchart for the algorithm is given clearly. By using the proposed method the characteristics of a spherical object wave can be achieved directly with only one recording frame and then a simulated one can be gained by numerical simulation. The corresponding experiments show that this technique is simple, effective and convenient for use.
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43

Dobosz, Marek, and Grzegorz Zamiela. "Interference fringe detection system for distance measuring interferometer." Optics & Laser Technology 44, no. 5 (July 2012): 1620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2011.11.030.

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44

Gurov, Igor, and Maxim Volynsky. "Interference fringe analysis based on recurrence computational algorithms." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 50, no. 4 (April 2012): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2011.07.015.

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45

Silver, Joel A., and Alan C. Stanton. "Optical interference fringe reduction in laser absorption experiments." Applied Optics 27, no. 10 (May 15, 1988): 1914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.27.001914.

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46

Sheppard, C. J. R., and K. G. Larkin. "Effect of numerical aperture on interference fringe spacing." Applied Optics 34, no. 22 (August 1, 1995): 4731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.34.004731.

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47

Qisheng Mei, 梅启升, 王敏 Min Wang, and 周群 Qun Zhou. "Method for Detecting Multi-Noise Interference Fringe Images." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 56, no. 12 (2019): 121007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop56.121007.

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48

Okada, Koichi, Etsuro Yokoyama, and Hidetoshi Miike. "Interference fringe pattern analysis using inverse cosine function." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part II: Electronics) 90, no. 1 (2006): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecjb.20325.

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49

Hirano, K., T. Fukamachi, R. Negishi, M. Yoshizawa, K. Hirano, and T. Kawamura. "Interference fringe in Bragg–(Bragg)m–Laue case." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 64, a1 (August 23, 2008): C578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767308081439.

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50

Hattori, Mineyuki, Hideaki Shimizu, and Hiroshi Yokoyama. "Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with traveling interference fringe excitation." Review of Scientific Instruments 67, no. 12 (December 1996): 4064–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147552.

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