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Journal articles on the topic 'Interfering methods'
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1
Gholamy, Shabanali, Abdolrahim Javaherian, and Abdolreza Ghods. "Automatic detection of interfering seismic wavelets using fractal methods." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 5, no. 3 (August 8, 2008): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/5/3/009.
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Shen, Tao, Ming Qing Xiao, and Qing Chun Kong. "The Methods of Laser Guided Signal Information Identification." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.192.
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The aim of laser guided weapons adopting laser code and decode is to resolve the mutual interference of multiple irradiator in the same war zone. As an effective interfering means, active interference makes the laser guided weapons lose the right object information to protect the important objects in the attack phase by sending much interfering signal. But how to intercept, capture, analyze and identify the laser guided signal code information real-time is the first task in the laser countwork. Based on analyzing the characters of existed laser coding and wave gate, combining the time-correlation character of laser guided signal, this paper proposes the technique of laser guided signal information autocorrelation identification, and it is studied deeply by simulation and experiment. The result shows that the technique resolved the difficult problem of copying the enemy laser signal in short time effectively. The technique wins the time for the laser countwork, and it is feasible and takes on military application value.
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Zhang, Sheng Yuan, Wen Jie Yang, and Tao Zou. "Design on Electromagnetic Compatibility of Electrical Driving System Controller Based on Computer Control." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.804.
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This article analyses the electromagnetic interfering sources and its transmitting ways inside electric driving system controller and expounds the anti-disturbing methods in designing the electromagnetic compatibility of electric driving system controller. Among that the interfering sources are the rectifiers and inverse transformer in the AC frequency converter and the interference signals from electric network, the transmitting ways of the electromagnetic interfering signals include transmitting in electric wires, radiating and coupling through space, and the anti-disturbing methods have (a) separating interference sources with the system or devices, (b) connecting filters in the output ends of interfering sources and the input ends of the devices easily to be interfered, (c) shielding the interfering sources, (d) grounding correctly and reliably, (e) adding circuit power filters. The experimental results demonstrated that the anti-disturbing methods mentioned above are very effective for the electric driving system controller based on computer control.
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Kubiak, Ireneusz. "Digital processing methods of images and signals in electromagnetic infiltration process." Image Processing & Communications 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10248-012-0070-7.
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Abstract The article contains information about the capabilities of electromagnetic infiltration process in case of occurrence of strong interfering signals. As a methods supporting infiltration process used method of digital processing of signals and images in the form of histogram transformations, global and local thresholding of signal amplitudes and logical filters. The material presented in the article shows that risk can arise if the uncontrolled use of the computer. Risks that could decide our safety and security of our data. obtained images. Manipulation of histograms, threshold amplitudes of the emission signal correlated with the classified signals or logical filters highlight the weakness of the security used at the source. The presence of strong interfering signals such as vertical and horizontal synchronization signals blocking measurement receivers, do not prevent the reproduction of classified information. Opportunities of the electromagnetic infiltration in situations of weak compromising emissions occurs are presented in the article.
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Ananenkov, Andrey, Pavel Sokolov, Vladimir Nuzhdin, and Dmitry Marin. "Detection methods of low-speed small objects for panoramic ultrashort pulsed radar." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 15017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193015017.
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The article discusses ways to improve the detection efficiency of small and low-speed objects in conditions of intense background reflections. The properties of the ultrashort pulse echo signals are investigated. The phenomenon of interfering visibility is investigated.
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Homich, Dmitro. "A study and systematization of methods of thefts of natural gas are by interference with work of device of account." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.67.
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The results of the study of different ways to commit abduction of natural gas by interfering with the work appliance are considered in the article. A special attention is paid to the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter. The study has revealed that these ways include training actions, committing and hiding of criminological traces of such crimes. The ways to commit abduction of natural gas depend on the following factors: professional skills of the offender, construction of gas network, methods of direct impact on gas meters and their components. Results of studying given problem make it possible to systematize the actions of criminals aimed at direct abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter: by exposure time (regular and one-off), by form of influence (mechanic and magnetic methods). A way of committing a crime manifested itself in committing certain actions and left certain trace picture changing the environment. These changes reflected the ways of committing the crime, disclosed the professional and criminal skills of the offender. The techniques of committing crimes that were investigated were repeated. This pattern is objective in the investigation technique of the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter. The key finding of the study shows that the repetitive nature of such crimes is explained by the repetition of objective and subjective factors. It gives us reason to talk about similarity in the commission of crimes caused by a coincidence of species traits. The ways to commit abduction of natural gas by interfering with the work appliance includes acts that are naturally associated with the commission of a crime and aimed at preparing and hiding them.
Therefore, to prevent the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter the study focused on revealing the ways of committing such crimes because they are of great use in their investigation. A list of ways to steal natural gas is not complete, new ways of abduction of natural gas will appear that will be characterized by greater level of concealment.
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May, W., D. Wu, C. Eastman, P. Bourdoux, and G. Maberly. "Evaluation of automated urinary iodine methods: problems of interfering substances identified." Clinical Chemistry 36, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.6.865.
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Abstract We evaluated automated methods for measurement of urinary iodine (UI) over a range expected in iodine-replete and iodine-deficient populations. Results obtained with Technicon AutoAnalyzer II systems, based on either dialysis or acid digestion, were compared with those obtained by a manual alkaline ashing technique. Results of automated dialysis were consistently higher than those obtained by the other methods. The apparently higher concentrations of UI we measured were due to interfering substances crossing the dialysis membrane and participating in the catalytic reaction. Thiocyanate (SCN) was one endogenous substance contributing to the increased measurement of UI. For urinary SCN concentrations of 5 to 15 mg/L, the amount of overestimation in the UI measurement attributable to SCN ranged from 21.8 to 61 micrograms/L. However, SCN may account for only 40-50% of the apparent increase in UI. In samples with lower UI (less than 50 micrograms/L), interfering substances produced a 100% error in results. We conclude that the automated dialysis system should not be used to assess iodine-deficient populations. This leaves a major dilemma for researchers wanting to assess the iodine status of populations, because the automated digestion method is no longer commercially available.
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Duman-Scheel, Molly. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker’s Yeast) as an Interfering RNA Expression and Delivery System." Current Drug Targets 20, no. 9 (June 11, 2019): 942–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450120666181126123538.
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The broad application of RNA interference for disease prevention is dependent upon the production of dsRNA in an economically feasible, scalable, and sustainable fashion, as well as the identification of safe and effective methods for RNA delivery. Current research has sparked interest in the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for these applications. This review examines the potential for commercial development of yeast interfering RNA expression and delivery systems. S. cerevisiae is a genetic model organism that lacks a functional RNA interference system, which may make it an ideal system for expression and accumulation of high levels of recombinant interfering RNA. Moreover, recent studies in a variety of eukaryotic species suggest that this microbe may be an excellent and safe system for interfering RNA delivery. Key areas for further research and development include optimization of interfering RNA expression in S. cerevisiae, industrial-sized scaling of recombinant yeast cultures in which interfering RNA molecules are expressed, the development of methods for largescale drying of yeast that preserve interfering RNA integrity, and identification of encapsulating agents that promote yeast stability in various environmental conditions. The genetic tractability of S. cerevisiae and a long history of using this microbe in both the food and pharmaceutical industry will facilitate further development of this promising new technology, which has many potential applications of medical importance.
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García Campaña, A. M., L. Cuadros Rodríguez, C. Jiménez Linares, F. Alés Barrero, and M. Román Ceba. "Estimation of the Tolerance Level of Interfering Substances in Instrumental Analytical Methods." Analytical Letters 28, no. 2 (January 1995): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719508000329.
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Bandurko, V. "PROBLEM ASPECTS ON DETERMINING THE INTERFERING FACTORS IN STUDIED SIGNATURES PERFORMED BY MANUSCRIPTED METHOD." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 64 (May 7, 2019): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2019.64.39.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of problematic situations that may arise when determining interfering factors (natural, artificial) when in the investigated signature their combined effect manifests itself or the presence of the same information content under the influence of various interfering factors is found. Considering the possibility of such complex cases arising from the ambiguity of the origin of interfering factors, with insufficient information content of the signature, an insignificant number of free samples identifying features that prevailed over others, the ability to explain the differences and the lack of full confidence in the categorical expert is a probable form of conclusion. To sum up it can be concluded that handwriting experts obtain scientific research on the identification of interfering factors affecting the signer. The level of knowledge and experience of the expert, the perfection of research methods, etc. will play an important role. Key words: signature, interfering factors, natural, artificial.
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Estévez, Maribel, Fernando García-Viejo, Mª Carmen López-Mendoza, Rafael Jordano, and Luis M. Medina. "Influence of Food Matrices and the Population of Interfering Microorganisms on the Determination of Listeria monocytogenes by Conventional Methods and VIDAS." Foods 10, no. 12 (December 6, 2021): 3021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10123021.
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In this study, the possible influence of the food matrix and the interfering population of microorganisms on the detection and count of Listeria monocytogenes in three common foods of the Spanish diet (Spanish omelette, fresh cheese and vegetable salad) was determined. Four groups were assayed: one control, two groups with interfering microorganisms (Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis) with different levels of L. monocytogenes and a final group only contaminated with L. monocytogenes. The samples were analyzed with the normalized method (UNE-EN ISO 11290:2018) and with an alternative technique (VIDAS). The results show that the presence of interfering microorganisms did not seem to interfere with the determination of L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, the type of food did not seem to influence the determination of L. monocytogenes, but the culture media used showed differences. In fact, regardless of the type of food, the ALOA medium showed higher sensitivity than the other media, with higher recovery in 100% of samples (only for the Spanish omelette in Group B was the result the same as that for PALCAM, −8.11 log cfu/g). The results obtained using the VIDAS were not influenced by any of the factors or conditions used and show 100% efficiency.
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Weber, J. A., and A. P. van Zanten. "Interferences in current methods for measurements of creatinine." Clinical Chemistry 37, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.5.695.
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Abstract We measured the interference of carbonyl compounds, drugs, and other substances in human serum on the determination of creatinine by the two-point, fixed-time kinetic modification of the Jaffé reaction as well as by four enzymatic methods. We added known concentrations of the interfering substances to a solution of creatinine in water. For bilirubin, we used both pooled normal sera with added bilirubin and icteric patient sera. The magnitude of interferences varies widely from method to method. Carbonyl compounds, dopamine, cephalosporines, and bilirubin interfere with the Jaffé reaction. Bilirubin, creatine, dopamine, ascorbic acid, and sarcosine interfere with the enzymatic methods. We conclude that the elimination of interferences in the determination of creatinine has still not been achieved.
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Haumann, Niels Trusbak, Lauri Parkkonen, Marina Kliuchko, Peter Vuust, and Elvira Brattico. "Comparing the Performance of Popular MEG/EEG Artifact Correction Methods in an Evoked-Response Study." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7489108.
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We here compared results achieved by applying popular methods for reducing artifacts in magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of the auditory evoked Mismatch Negativity (MMN) responses in healthy adult subjects. We compared the Signal Space Separation (SSS) and temporal SSS (tSSS) methods for reducing noise from external and nearby sources. Our results showed that tSSS reduces the interference level more reliably than plain SSS, particularly for MEG gradiometers, also for healthy subjects not wearing strongly interfering magnetic material. Therefore, tSSS is recommended over SSS. Furthermore, we found that better artifact correction is achieved by applying Independent Component Analysis (ICA) in comparison to Signal Space Projection (SSP). Although SSP reduces the baseline noise level more than ICA, SSP also significantly reduces the signal—slightly more than it reduces the artifacts interfering with the signal. However, ICA also adds noise, or correction errors, to the waveform when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the original data is relatively low—in particular to EEG and to MEG magnetometer data. In conclusion, ICA is recommended over SSP, but one should be careful when applying ICA to reduce artifacts on neurophysiological data with relatively low SNR.
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Lee, Tai Ju, and Hyoung Jin Kim. "Interfering elements on determination of hexavalent chromium in paper materials with UV-vis spectrophotometry." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 37, no. 1 (October 7, 2021): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2021-0053.
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Abstract Regulation of hexavalent chromium is based on Waste Framework Directive 1994/62/EC, European Commission and publication of the World Health Organization. Herein, detection of hexavalent chromium was performed by alkaline digestion and instrumental analysis which was demonstrated in USEPA methods. However, UV-vis detection method could be affected by some metal ions reacted with diphenylcarbizide. Actually, various interfering elements, such as Ni, Fe, Al, and Cu, were detected and selected by ED-XRF in paper materials. In order to improve accuracy of analysis results of hexavalent chromium in paper materials based on USEPA methods, the interfering elements was removed by liquid–liquid extraction with carbonate media using tricaprylmethylammonium chloride and chloroform after alkaline digestion. Consequently, the temperature for alkaline digestion was between 85 and 95 °C. Hydrochloric acid was proper complex tricaprylmethylammonium-Cr(VI) in the procedure of liquid extraction. After that hexavalent chromium was completely extracted using of 1 M sodium hydroxide solution. The technique for analyzing the hexavalent chromium used in liquid–liquid extraction significantly reduced the errors caused by the interfering elements, Fe and Cu. Thus, application of the extraction method was efficient in removing the interfering elements, which increased the recovery ratio of the hexavalent chromium from paper materials by 90 %.
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Ramon, Anne-Laure, Jean-Rémi Bertrand, and Claude Malvy. "Delivery of Small Interfering RNA. A Review and an Example of Application to a Junction Oncogene." Tumori Journal 94, no. 2 (March 2008): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160809400218.
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RNA interference strategies using small interfering RNA is one of the most important discoveries in biology in recent years. This technology alongside antisense oligonucleotides is very promising and our group has focused its work on the targeting of junction oncogenes with these molecules. We have taken, as first example, papillary thyroid carcinoma. But there is a great need in delivery methods for these molecules in the treatment of cancers. Indeed, many studies have shown that small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides are made efficient by various innovative delivery methods and, under these conditions, offer a powerful new therapeutic tool in cancer treatment.
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Le Roux, J. P. "Analysis of Interfering Fully Developed, Colinear Deepwater Waves." International Journal of Oceanography 2012 (February 22, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/314064.
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The sea surface is normally irregular as a result of dissimilar waves generated in different areas. To describe such a sea state, various methods have been proposed, but there is no general consensus as to the best characterizing parameters of the interwaves. Three simple methods are proposed here to calculate a characteristic interwave period, length, and height for fully developed, colinear deepwater waves. The results of this study indicate that the interwave period and length are equal or very close to the period and length of the dominant component wave, irrespective of the periods of the subordinate waves. In cases where the dominant wave period is double or more than double the periods of the subordinate waves, the wave period, length and height are within 4% of the dominant wave parameters, so that such interfering, irregular waves have virtually the same characteristics as monochromatic waves. Secondary, individual interwaves propagate at the velocity of the component wave with the shortest period, that is, slower than the primary interwaves which have the same celerity as the dominant component wave.
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Beeson, Rachel, Antoinette B. Coe, David Reyes-Gastelum, Megan R. Haymart, and Maria Papaleontiou. "Interfering Medications in Older Adults on Thyroid Hormone Replacement: Who Is at Risk?" Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1694.
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Abstract Background: Thyroid hormone prescriptions have steadily increased in the past few years with levothyroxine being one of the most frequently prescribed medications in the United States. Population-based studies have shown that older age is a significant predictor for thyroid hormone initiation, with use continuing long-term. Thyroid hormone management in older adults is complicated by the presence of comorbidities and polypharmacy, particularly due to medications that can interfere with thyroid function tests. However, the prevalence of concurrent use of thyroid hormone and interfering medications in older adults and patient characteristics associated with this practice remain unknown. Methods: We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study of 538,137 thyroid hormone users aged ≥65 years from the Corporate Data Warehouse of the Veterans Health Administration (2004-2017). First, we described the prevalence of concurrent use of thyroid hormone and medications that commonly interfere with thyroid function tests (i.e., prednisone, prednisolone, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, amiodarone, lithium, interferon-alpha, tamoxifen). Then, we performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine patient characteristics associated with concurrent use of thyroid hormone and at least one interfering medication during the study period. Covariates included in the model were patient age, sex, race, ethnicity and number of comorbidities. Results: Overall, 170,261 (31.6%) of patients were on at least one interfering medication while on thyroid hormone during the study period (median follow up 56 months). Non-white race [odds ratio (OR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.21], compared to white race), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.08-1.14, compared to non-Hispanic), female sex (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.15, compared to male sex), and presence of comorbidities (e.g. Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Score ≥2, OR 2.47, 95% CI 2.43-2.52, compared to zero) were more likely to be associated with concurrent use of thyroid hormone and interfering medications. Older age (e.g., ≥85 years, OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.46 - 0.48, compared to age 65-74 years) was less likely to be associated with concurrent use of thyroid hormone and interfering medications. Conclusions: Almost one-third of older adults on thyroid hormone were taking medications that have been known to interfere with thyroid function tests. Our study highlights the complexity of managing thyroid hormone replacement in older patients, many of whom are at risk for adverse effects in the context of polypharmacy and comorbidities.
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Little, Randie R., and William L. Roberts. "A Review of Variant Hemoglobins Interfering with Hemoglobin A1c Measurement." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 3, no. 3 (May 2009): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193229680900300307.
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Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is used routinely to monitor long-term glycemic control in people with diabetes mellitus, as HbA1c is related directly to risks for diabetic complications. The accuracy of HbA1c methods can be affected adversely by the presence of hemoglobin (Hb) variants or elevated levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). The effect of each variant or elevated HbF must be examined with each specific method. The most common Hb variants worldwide are HbS, HbE, HbC, and HbD. All of these Hb variants have single amino acid substitutions in the Hb β chain. HbF is the major hemoglobin during intrauterine life; by the end of the first year, HbF falls to values close to adult levels of approximately 1%. However, elevated HbF levels can occur in certain pathologic conditions or with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. In a series of publications over the past several years, the effects of these four most common Hb variants and elevated HbF have been described. There are clinically significant interferences with some methods for each of these variants. A summary is given showing which methods are affected by the presence of the heterozygous variants S, E, C, and D and elevated HbF. Methods are divided by type (immunoassay, ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, boronate affinity, other) with an indication of whether the result is artificially increased or decreased by the presence of a Hb variant. Laboratorians should be aware of the limitations of their method with respect to these interferences.
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Ma, Le, Lihua Zheng, Dongmei Zhang, and Zhimin Fan. "Effect of CBX4/miR-137/Notch1 signaling axis on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 20, no. 3 (January 17, 2022): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v20i3.7.
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Purpose: To study the effect of CBX4/miR-137/Notch1 signaling axis on the migration and proliferative capacity of breast cancer.
Methods: Breast cancer MCF7 cell lines were cultured in vitro and transfected with CBX4- overexpressed plasmid and interfering plasmid, which served as CBX4 over-expressing group and CBX4 interfering group, respectively. A control group (blank plasmid transfection) was set up. The MCF7 cells were transfected with miR-137 over-expressed plasmid, miR-137 interfering plasmid and Notch1 interfering plasmid, which served as miR-137 over-expressing, miR-137 interference and Notch1 interference groups, respectively. Cell proliferation and migration capacity were determined with methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium (MTT) method and Transwell migration assay, respectively, while reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting were used to assay related gene expressions.
Results: Cell migration in CBX4 over-expressing group was significantly raised (p < 0.05). The expression of miR-137 in CBX4 over-expressing group was markedly decreased (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, mRNA and protein expressions of Notch1 (NICD), Hey2 and Jag1 in miR-137 over-expressing cells were increased in the miR-137 interfering group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: CBX4 level is increased in mammary cancer cells. Moreover, CBX4 enhances cell proliferation and migration through induction of Notch1 signaling route by inhibiting miR-137 expression. These findings provide a new strategy for clinical therapy of mammary cancer.
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Luypaert, J., S. Heuerding, Y. Vander Heyden, and D. L. Massart. "The effect of preprocessing methods in reducing interfering variability from near-infrared measurements of creams." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 36, no. 3 (November 2004): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2004.06.023.
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Xie, Xiao-Ying, Chuan Yang, Meng Ren, Shao-Yun Hao, Ping Zhu, and Li Yan. "Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Expression in Rat Dermal Fibroblasts Using Small Interfering RNA." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 102, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1020299.
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Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade extracellular matrix components. Increased MMP-9 content in diabetic skin contributes to skin vulnerability and refractory foot ulcers. To identify ways to decrease MMP-9 levels in skin, inhibition of MMP-9 expression in dermal fibroblasts using small interfering RNA was investigated in vitro. Methods: A full-thickness wound was created on the midback of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats; skin biopsies were performed 3 days later. Skin MMP-9 expression was observed by immunohistochemical analysis. Dermal fibroblasts from 1-day-old normal Sprague Dawley rats cultured with high glucose and homocysteine concentrations were transfected with small interfering RNA complexes. Cells were collected 30, 48, and 72 hours after transfection, and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and gelatin zymography for MMP-9 were performed. Results: Expression of MMP-9 was increased in diabetic rat skin, especially around wounds. After 30-, 48-, and 72-hour transfection with each MMP-9–specific small interfering RNA, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction showed markedly decreased MMP-9 messenger RNA expression, protein abundance, and activity. Of four MMP-9 small interfering RNAs, one sequence had a stable high inhibition rate (>70% at 30 and 48 hours after transfection). Conclusions: Expression of MMP-9 was increased in diabetic rat skin, especially around wounds, and was markedly inhibited after MMP-9 small interfering RNA transfection in vitro (P < .05). These findings may provide new treatments for diabetic skin wounds. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 102(4): 299–308, 2012)
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Chervonoshapka, Maryna, and Ihor Hnyp. "Stability of sensorimotor responses of cadets of higher education institutions with specific training conditions that train police officers." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 6(137) (June 22, 2021): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.6(137).29.
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The ability to maintain high speed and accuracy of sensorimotor reactions for a long time under the influence of various interfering factors is an important component in the training structure of future law enforcement officers. Improving of the sensorimotor reactions of higher education students in institutions that train police officers takes place in the process of the discipline "Special Physical Training". Methods of general physical training (sports games, competitive methods), as well as, methods of simulating service situations (attempt of the offender to get the weapon, group interaction of police, protection from the threat of weapons, protection from blows with hands and feet) are used to achieve this purpose. We conducted a study of the complex reaction of choice of cadets in the normal conditions and under the influence of interfering factors. The results show that male cadets and some women as a result of two years training significantly improve the resistance of sensorimotor responses to interfering factors (the speed of a complex reaction of choice without interference, with interference, the total number of errors). The results show that the traditional curriculum of the discipline "Special Physical Training" in higher education institutions with specific training conditions, which provide training of police officers, effectively helps to improve the stability of sensorimotor responses of cadets. Improving the efficiency of the training process in the direction of increasing the stability of sensorimotor responses of female cadets requires special attention.
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Nikitenko, N. A., and V. S. Prassolov. "Non-Viral Delivery and Therapeutic Application of Small Interfering RNAs." Acta Naturae 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2013): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2013-5-3-35-53.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful method used for gene expression regulation. The increasing knowledge about the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon creates new avenues for the application of the RNAi technology in the treatment of various human diseases. However, delivery of RNA interference mediators, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), to target cells is a major hurdle. Effective and safe pharmacological use of siRNAs requires carriers that can deliver siRNA to its target site and the development of methods for protection of these fragile molecules from in vivo degradation. This review summarizes various strategies for siRNA delivery, including chemical modification and non-viral approaches, such as the polymer-based, peptide-based, lipid-based techniques, and inorganic nanosystems. The advantages, disadvantages, and prospects for the therapeutic application of these methods are also examined in this paper.
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Fonseca, Frederico, Ricardo Brito de Barros, Laura M. Ilharco, and Ana R. Garcia. "Spectroscopic Methods for Quantifying Gabapentin: Framing the Methods without Derivatization and Application to Different Pharmaceutical Formulations." Applied Spectroscopy 71, no. 11 (June 29, 2017): 2519–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702817716181.
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This work aimed at analyzing the performance of direct spectroscopic methods for the quantification of gabapentin (GABAp), given the lack of previous studies, in comparison with the more reviewed and complex derivatization techniques, discussing their susceptibility to the pharmaceutical formulations. All of the methods analyzed showed high selectivity for this pharmaceutical analyte, with recoveries close to 100%. Absorption spectroscopy without derivatization yielded better sensitivity and lower limits of detection and quantification of gabapentin in aqueous solution (AqSol method) when compared with other solvents, such as acidic solution or ethanol/water mixture. Derivatization with sodium hypochlorite presented the highest precision, whereas derivatization with vanillin exhibited the highest accuracy. The best method for GABAp quantification in terms of highest sensitivity, lowest limits of detection, and quantification, and also with good precision and accuracy, proved to be fluorescence with derivatization by 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan. The effect of the pharmaceutical formulation (nature of excipients) was tested for the most robust and sensitive methods, with and without derivatization, on capsules of five commercial brands. Recoveries in the range of 97.9–101.5% proved that there are no matrix interfering effects. Although not presenting the best performance in all the parameters evaluated, the AqSol method, due to its simplicity, proved to be suitable for the quantification of GABAp in capsules and tables containing the molecule as the active ingredient.
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Król, Anna, and Ewa Kukulska-Zając. "Rtęć w próbkach mieszanin gazowych – przegląd metod pobierania i oznaczania rtęci." Nafta-Gaz 76, no. 11 (November 2020): 846–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2020.11.10.
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The determination of the composition of gas mixtures, especially those analytes which exist, for example, as contaminants for the main components of the gas mixture, very often requires the concentration of the analyte so that it can be quantified. The analysis of gaseous environmental samples, including air and air samples at workplaces, is difficult, which results from: the need to work with samples with an extensive matrix and heterogeneous distribution of pollutants, the stability of the analyte and the presence of interfering substances (interferents) in the sample. On the other hand, the analysis of trace components of gaseous fuels is difficult due to the need to collect a suitably concentrated sample so that these components can be quantified. This article provides an overview and analysis of the methods used for the collection and determination of mercury in gas mixtures. Currently, there are standardized mercury collection and determination methodologies dedicated to matrices such as air, workplace air, waste gases or natural gas. These are both manual and fully automated methods. Most of the methods described in the literature on the subject consist of two stages, i.e. the stage of collecting a sample for a solid or liquid sorbent and the stage of desorption and determination of the mercury content in the collected sample using methods dedicated to the analysis of this element. The most frequently used methods for collecting mercury samples in gas mixtures are: the gold amalgamation method and the sorption methods on powder sorbents (such as activated carbon, hopcalite, impregnated silica gel), glass fibers, impregnated cellulose filters and liquid sorbents (such as e.g. acids). The methods of sample desorption are varied and depend on the material on which the analyte has been absorbed and the selected mercury determination method. Three methods are mainly used to analyze samples for mercury content, i.e. the cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry method (CV-AAS), the cold vapor fluorescence atomic spectrometry method (CV-AFS) and the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method (ICP-MS). However, it should be kept in mind that although the methods available and used for the analysis of mercury content in gas are standardized, they are not resistant to the presence of hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulphide in the tested samples. These are the compounds that are most often mentioned as substances interfering in the determination of mercury in gases using the above-mentioned methods.
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Rebane, Riin, and Koit Herodes. "Matrix interference in LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of metanephrines in protein precipitated plasma samples." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 26, no. 1 (July 9, 2019): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469066719862423.
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Metanephrine and normetanephrine are measured in blood plasma to diagnose different diseases. Simpler sample preparation procedures are preferred but tend to yield less purified extracts. Therefore, thorough investigation of matrix effects is required. In this work, several sample preparation methods and chromatographic modes were compared for liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (with electrospray ionization; LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis of metanephrine and normetanephrine in blood plasma. Protein precipitation with methanol was found to be sufficient for sample preparation and pentafluorophenyl column provided adequate chromatographic separation. A new cheaper and less labor-intensive approach is proposed where necessary quantitation limits are achieved through a sample preparation containing only protein precipitation and dilution of the sample extract. Matrix effects for different sample preparation methods and the use of isotope-labeled internal standards were evaluated. Unusual interference to D3-labeled internal standard of normetanephrine was discovered – signal of interfering compound increased while the matrix effects were reduced by dilution, e.g. dilution eliminates matrix suppression on interfering compound. The results stress the need to monitor interfering compounds and evaluate matrix effects at every step of method development. Matrix effects and interferences can be different for analytes and their corresponding isotopically labeled internal standards. This means that the use of isotopically labeled internal standards cannot guarantee accuracy of obtained results. New method allows quantification of the low nanomolar concentrations of metanephrine and normetanephrine in plasma samples.
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Lee, Thomas Chun-Hung, Kaze King-Yip Lai, Celia Sze-Nga Kwok, Steven Jing-Liang Xu, and Fred Wang-Fat Lee. "Comparison of Five TRIzol-Based Protein Preparation Methods for 2-DE Production From Challenging Marine Dinoflagellate Samples: A Case Study on Two Benthic Prorocentrum Species." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050363.
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Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is a major element of conventional gel-based proteomics, which resolves complex protein mixtures. Protein extraction with the removal of interfering substances from the sample remains the key to producing high-quality 2-DE profiles. Marine dinoflagellates contain large endogenous amounts of salts, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, pigments, and other interfering compounds. These substances are detrimental to the quality of gel images. Protein preparation using TRIzol reagent is a promising method for producing high-quality 2-DE profiles for dinoflagellate samples. In addition to its remarkable performance, the TRIzol method’s several advantages have made it a popular and widely used method in the field of 2-DE sample preparation. Nonetheless, the quality of 2-DE of samples from certain dinoflagellate species is not as high as previously reported when the same TRIzol protocol is applied. Therefore, modifications to the original TRIzol method are required to remove interfering substances from those challenging dinoflagellate samples. In this study, the original TRIzol method and four modified methods, namely the aliquot TRIzol method, re-TRIzol method, TRIzol method with a commercial clean-up kit, and TRIzol method with trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation, were compared. Performance of these five methods in terms of protein yield, background signal, and resolution and number of protein spots was investigated on samples from two benthic Prorocentrum species: P. lima and P. hoffmannianum. Our results demonstrated that high-quality 2-DE could be achieved from P. lima samples prepared using both the original TRIzol method and the TRIzol method with a commercial clean-up kit. However, the original TRIzol method failed to produce high-quality 2-DE profiles for P. hoffmannianum samples. Among the four modified TRIzol methods, only the TRIzol method with a commercial clean-up kit could yield substantially improved high-quality 2-DE profiles for P. hoffmannianum samples. This combination of the conventional TRIzol method with a commercial clean-up kit potentially represents a promising protein extraction methodology for obtaining high-quality 2-DE profiles for difficult dinoflagellate samples.
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Shin, Joonwoo. "Non-Robust and Robust Regularized Zero-Forcing Interference Alignment Methods for Two-Cell MIMO Interfering Broadcast." Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society 38A, no. 7 (July 31, 2013): 560–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2013.38a.7.560.
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Mohammadzadeh, Reza, Mojgan Saeid Harouyan, and Seyed Mansour Ale Taha. "Silencing of bach1 gene by small interfering RNA–mediation regulates invasive and expression level of miR-203, miR-145, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and CXCR4 receptor in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells." Tumor Biology 39, no. 3 (March 2017): 101042831769592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010428317695925.
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Background: Recently experimental validation of the networks revealed bach1, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, as the common regulator of several functional invasive genes. The expression of bach1 and its target genes was linked to the higher risk of breast cancer recurrence in patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of specific bach1 small interfering RNAs, on the invasive and expression level of miR-203, miR-145, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and CXCR4 receptor which play a role in cancer metastasis, in MDA-MB-468 cell lines. Methods: Small interfering RNA transfection was performed with transfection regent. The survival effects of small interfering RNA were determined using trypan blue assay cells. The expression level of messenger RNA and matrix metalloproteinase-9 to assess cell invasion and the expression level of miR-203, miR-145, and CXCR4 receptor were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis on the MDA-MB-468 cell lines. Results: Transfection with small interfering RNA significantly suppressed the expression of bach1 gene in dose-dependent manner after 48 h ( p < 0.0001). A significant reduction in cell invasion and CXCR4 receptor, matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression were observed ( p < 0.0001). It was also a dramatic increase in the expression level of miR-203 and miR-145 ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the bach1-specific small interfering RNA effectively decrease CXCR4 receptor, matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and breast adenocarcinoma cells invasive, also increased the expression of tumor-suppressive microRNA-203 and miR-145. Thus, these microRNAs may play a role in invasive/metastasis of carcinogenic breast cancer cells. Therefore, bach1 knockdown can be considered as a potent adjuvant in breast cancer therapy.
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Sledz, C. A., and B. R. G. Williams. "RNA interference and double-stranded-RNA-activated pathways." Biochemical Society Transactions 32, no. 6 (October 26, 2004): 952–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0320952.
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RNAi (RNA interference) has become a powerful tool to determine gene function. Different methods of expressing the short ds (double-stranded) RNA intermediates required for interference in mammalian systems have been developed, including the introduction of si (short interfering) RNAs by direct transfection or driven from transfected plasmids or lentiviral vectors encoding sh (short hairpin) RNAs. Although RNAi relies upon a high degree of specificity, recent findings suggest that off-target non-specific effects can be encountered. We found that transfection of siRNAs can results in an interferon-mediated activation of the JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway and global up-regulation of interferon-stimulated genes. This effect is mediated in part by the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase PKR, as this kinase is activated by the 21 bp siRNA, and is required in response to the siRNAs. However, the transcription factor IRF3 (interferon-regulatory factor 3) is also activated by siRNA as a primary response, resulting in the stimulation of genes independent of an interferon response. In cells deficient in IRF3, this response is blunted, but can be restored by re-introduction of IRF3. Thus siRNAs induce complex signalling responses in target cells, leading to effects beyond the selective silencing of specific genes.
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Chen, Yan, Hongmei Chen, Yochai Birnbaum, Manjyot K. Nanhwan, Mandeep Bajaj, Yumei Ye, and Jinqiao Qian. "Aleglitazar, a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and -γ agonist, protects cardiomyocytes against the adverse effects of hyperglycaemia." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 14, no. 2 (January 23, 2017): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164116679081.
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Purpose: To assess the effects of Aleglitazar on hyperglycaemia-induced apoptosis. Methods: We incubated human cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocytes from cardiac-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ knockout or wild-type mice in normoglycaemic or hyperglycaemic conditions (glucose 25 mM). Cells were treated with different concentrations of Aleglitazar for 48 h. We measured viability, apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, cytochrome-C release, total antioxidant capacity and reactive oxygen species formation in the treated cardiomyocytes. Human cardiomyocytes were transfected with short interfering RNA against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Results: Aleglitazar attenuated hyperglycaemia-induced apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and cytochrome-C release and increased viability in human cardiomyocyte, cardiomyocytes from cardiac-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ knockout and wild-type mice. Hyperglycaemia reduced the antioxidant capacity and Aleglitazar significantly blunted this effect. Hyperglycaemia-induced reactive oxygen species production was attenuated by Aleglitazar in both human cardiomyocyte and wild-type mice cardiomyocytes. Aleglitazar improved cell viability in cells exposed to hyperglycaemia. The protective effect was partially blocked by short interfering RNA against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α alone and short interfering RNA against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ alone and completely blocked by short interfering RNA to both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Conclusion: Aleglitazar protects cardiomyocytes against hyperglycaemia-induced apoptosis by combined activation of both peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in a short-term vitro model.
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Crosio, Alessandro, Giulia Ronchi, Benedetta Elena Fornasari, Simonetta Odella, Stefania Raimondo, and Pierluigi Tos. "Experimental Methods to Simulate and Evaluate Postsurgical Peripheral Nerve Scarring." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081613.
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As a consequence of trauma or surgical interventions on peripheral nerves, scar tissue can form, interfering with the capacity of the nerve to regenerate properly. Scar tissue may also lead to traction neuropathies, with functional dysfunction and pain for the patient. The search for effective antiadhesion products to prevent scar tissue formation has, therefore, become an important clinical challenge. In this review, we perform extensive research on the PubMed database, retrieving experimental papers on the prevention of peripheral nerve scarring. Different parameters have been considered and discussed, including the animal and nerve models used and the experimental methods employed to simulate and evaluate scar formation. An overview of the different types of antiadhesion devices and strategies investigated in experimental models is also provided. To successfully evaluate the efficacy of new antiscarring agents, it is necessary to have reliable animal models mimicking the complications of peripheral nerve scarring and also standard and quantitative parameters to evaluate perineural scars. So far, there are no standardized methods used in experimental research, and it is, therefore, difficult to compare the results of the different antiadhesion devices.
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Shkurdoda, S., D. Shynkarenko, V. Pasichnyk, K. Korol, and O. Posilskyi. "EXPERT STUDY OF ISONIAZIDE IN MEAT PRODUCTS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 66 (2021): 785–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.66.57.
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The article deals with the recommendations for the detection of isoniazid in meat products, using the example of minced meat using physicochemical methods. This study does not lose its relevance over the years, due to the use of drugs for tuberculosis for poisoning homeless and domestic animals, in particular dogs, in different regions of Ukraine, the main active ingredient of which is isoniazid. The article describes a method for the extraction of isoniazid in food products of meat origin (minced meat, sausage), which presumably could or may be used to poison domestic animals, in particular dogs. Isoniazid was identified by the methods of qualitative color reactions, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography with a mass-selective detector. The process of qualitative identification of isoniazid in foodstuffs that could or may be used to poison domestic animals, in particular dogs, includes: -the method of extraction and separation of interfering impurities, primarily fats, preliminary research by the method of qualitative analytical reactions; -studies by thin layer chromatography; -research by instrumental methods, in particular, gas chromatography with mass-selective detection. The method for extracting isoniazid from meat products described in the article is effective and allows you to get rid of interfering substances, especially fats. In addition, the method of gas chromatography with mass-selective detection has sufficient sensitivity and selectivity. It allows with a minimum number of interfering peaks of low intensity, determine the composition of isoniazid accurately. The specified list of instrumental base, methods and research techniques is not exhaustive. The examiner should be guided by the availability of relevant literature and the availability of appropriate analytical equipment (gas chromatograph, gas chromatograph with mass-selective detector, liquid chromatograph, liquid chromatograph with mass-selective detector, etc.). In accordance with this, it is necessary to use certain methods for studying substances. These methods are subject to mandatory verification before being used in the laboratory. The obtained research results allow us to recommend this technique for implementation in expert practice.
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Rodgers, Mark R., Cathy M. Bernardino, and Walter Jakubowski. "A Comparison of Methods for Extracting Amplifiable Giardia DNA from Various Environmental Samples." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 3-4 (February 1, 1993): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0326.
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Human gastrointestinal illness due to Giardia duodenalis infection continues to be a public health problem. The ability to detect Giardia cysts is important in assessing the public health risk associated with environmental contamination. The low concentration of cysts in natural waters makes the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) desirable in DNA probe-based detection methods. To date, amplification of DNA in environmental samples has been difficult to achieve. Humic compounds and/or other PCR inhibitors co-extract with nucleic acids, interfering with the polymerase reaction and lowering sensitivity. All of our attempts to separate humic compounds from DNA were unsuccessful. A substantial increase in the magnesium concentration in the reaction alleviated some of the inhibition, indicating that humics interfere by chelation of magnesium. PCR inhibition with environmental samples is most likely caused by a variety of contaminants.
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Rydchuk, Mariana, Teodoziya Vrublevska, Mariya Boyko, and Olha Korkuna. "Masking is the Effective Alternative to the Separation during Osmium Determination by Means of Azo Dyes in Complex Samples." Chemistry and Chemical Technology 4, no. 2 (June 15, 2010): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht04.02.115.
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The selectivity of the spectrophotometric methods for determination of microgram quantities of osmium (IV) with acidic monoazo dyes Tropaeolin O (TpO) and Tropaeolin OOO-I (TpOOOI) in the presence of concomitant metals, particularly platinum group, heavy and rare earths (RE) has been studied. The tolerance ratios of interfering elements have been established. The selectivity of the interaction of TpOOOI with osmium (IV) relatively to platinum group elements (PGEs) is much better than TpO. It has been established that the influence of interfering ions can be easily eliminated by means of masking agents viz. EDTA, tartrate, citrate, pyrophosphate and fluoride, and thereby the selectivity of the methods of osmium determination with TpO and TpOOOI has been sufficiently improved. The methods have been approved during the analyses of various model solutions containing ruthenium, platinum, palladium, rhodium and iridium and the masking reagents. Also osmium content has been determined in the intermetallic alloy Nd20Os15Sі65. The standard deviations did not exceed typical values for spectrophotometric methods (RSDs < 5 %). Thus the elaborated methods with various masking agents may be used for direct determination of osmium in complex samples without any preliminary separation of osmium in the form of OsO4 as well as without the extraction of matrices elements.
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Aliste-Fernández, Miguel, Gemma Sole-Enrech, Ruth Cano-Corres, Silvia Teodoro-Marin, and Eugenio Berlanga-Escalera. "Description of interference in the measurement of troponin T by a high-sensitivity method." Biochemia medica 29, no. 2 (April 14, 2019): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2019.021001.
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Introduction: Measurement of high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) has become an essential step in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. This high-sensitivity method allows quantifying the concentration of troponin T in blood of healthy subjects with a lower inaccuracy compared to previous reagent generations. However, the presence of certain compounds in the sample may interfere with the result. We present a patient who had repeatedly high concentrations of hs-TnT in the serum sample that did not agreed with the signs and symptoms. In addition, ultrasensitive troponin I concentration was undetectable. Materials and methods: To investigate the presence of an interfering compound, different analysis were carried out. In order to discard macro complexes in the sample, the serum was precipitated with polyethylene glycol. In addition, the serum was incubated with Scantibodies Heterophilic Blocking Tube, which can block heterophilic antibodies. Finally, a size exclusion chromatography of the sample was performed by the manufacturer. What happened: The interfering substance was allocated into fractions with proteins of 150kDa, corresponding to high molecular weight proteins like immunoglobulin G (IgG). This compound was responsible for the falsely elevated hs-TnT results and it affected only the high-sensitivity methods. Main lesson: The detected interfering compound was probably an IgG. This type of interference must be kept in mind in front of discordant results, even if they are extremely rare. Therefore, interdisciplinary cooperation between clinicians, laboratory and manufacturer is essential.
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Rade, Anamarija, Anamarija Đuras, Irena Kocijan, Patricija Banković Radovanović, and Ana Turčić. "Simple thrombin-based method for eliminating fibrinogen interference in serum protein electrophoresis of haemodialysed patients." Biochemia medica 30, no. 2 (June 14, 2020): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2020.020705.
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Introduction: Serum samples of haemodialysed patients collected through vascular access devices, e.g. central venous catheter (CVC) can contain residual heparin, which can cause incomplete clotting and consequently fibrinogen interference in serum protein electrophoresis (SPE). We hypothesized that this problem may be overcome by addition of thrombin and aimed to find a simple thrombin-based method for fibrinogen interference removal. Materials and methods: Blood samples of 51 haemodialysed patients with CVC were drawn through catheter into Clot Activator Tube (CAT) and Rapid Serum Tube Thrombin (RST) vacutainers (Becton Dickinson, New Jersey, USA) following the routine hospital protocols and analysed with gel-electrophoresis (Sebia, Lisses, France). Samples were redrawn in the CAT tubes and re-analysed after being treated with thrombin using two methods: transferring CAT serum into RST vacutainer and treatment of CAT serum with fibrinogen reagent (Multifibren U, Siemens, Marburg, Germany). Results: Direct blood collection in RST proved to be slightly more efficient than CAT in removing the interfering band in beta fraction (CAT removed 6/51 and RST removed 12/51, P = 0.031). Transferring CAT serum into the RST vacutainer proved to be more efficient for subsequent removal of interfering band from CAT serum than the addition of fibrinogen reagent (39/45 vs. 0/45 samples with efficiently removed interfering band, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Fibrinogen interference caused by incomplete clotting because of residual heparin can be overcome by addition of thrombin. Transferring CAT serum into the RST vacutainer was the most efficient method.
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Andersson, Fredrik, Johan O. A. Robertsson, Dirk-Jan van Manen, Jens Wittsten, Kurt Eggenberger, and Lasse Amundsen. "Flawless diamond separation in simultaneous source acquisition by seismic apparition." Geophysical Journal International 209, no. 3 (March 23, 2017): 1735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx124.
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Abstract In this paper we prove that the recently introduced method of signal apparition optimally separates signals from interfering sources recorded during simultaneous source seismic data acquisition. By utilizing a periodic sequence of source signatures along one source line, that wavefield becomes separately partially visible in the spectral domain where it can be isolated from interfering signals, processed, and subtracted from the original recordings, thereby separating the wavefields from each other. Whereas other methods for simultaneous source separation can recover data in a triangle-shaped region in the spectral domain, signal apparition allows for the exact separation of data in a diamond-shaped region that is twice as large thereby enabling superior reconstruction of separated wavefields throughout the entire data bandwidth.
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Clarke, David L., and Barry H. Beith. "The Use of Interobserver Methods in System Tests: A Methodological Case Study." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 20 (October 1996): 1022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604002002.
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An interobserver approach to conducting a system test is presented in a case study to promote this methodology for human factors practitioners. A system test of a specific feature of a commercially available VCR was performed under a contract. This special feature was designed to automatically fast-forward through recorded commercials during playback. Two specific measures of system performance required under this contract were the accuracy in skipping commercials and the accuracy in not interfering with regular programs during playback. In order to obtain a high level of reliability and validity at a relative low cost, an interobserver methodology was used to measure the accuracy of the VCR commercial skip feature. This method entailed having pairs of observers from a group of ten observers analyze 52 videotapes for commercial and program errors, comparing and reconciling their data, assessing interobserver reliability, and using the means of their observations to calculate accuracy rates. The benefits of multiple observer accuracy measures are discussed.
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Block, Elizabeth Anne, Terri Ann Zomerlei, Jessica Keto, and Jamie Caughran. "Perceived sexual dysfunction in breast cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2012): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.27_suppl.67.
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67 Background: Sexual dysfunction after breast cancer treatment has been well documented in the literature. However, the degree of dysfunction and how best to address this issue in survivors is less clear. We sought to determine the prevalence of patient perceived sexual dysfunction in breast cancer patients in our patient population. Methods of addressing dysfunction, influence on satisfaction, and interfering factors were indentified. Methods: An IRB-approved survey study of English speaking female breast cancer patients stage 0-III, ages 20 to 80, from 2008-2011 was performed. A 30 question survey containing components related to demographic, breast cancer treatment, perceived impact on sexual function due to treatment, overall satisfaction with intimate relationship, and factors interfering with intimate relationships was used. Results: Of the 407 women meeting inclusion criteria, 103 returned an informed consent, and 83 completed the survey. A total of 47 (64%) of responders felt that treatment had a negative impact on their sexual function. Of those, only 23% discussed the issue with a care provider while 60% desired a physician initiated conversation. A negative perception was associated with decreased satisfaction with intimate relationships (p<0.001). The prevalence of treatment related interfering factors such as fatigue, hot flashes, scars, dysparunia, and breast tenderness were cited most frequently. Of these, only the presence of scars was significantly associated with a perceived negative impact on intimate relationships (p<0.04). Women treated with breast conservation were less likely to perceive a negative impact than mastectomy patients (p=0.036). Conclusions: Patient perceived sexual dysfunction is a documented consequence of breast cancer treatment. Our data demonstrates that patients do not feel this issue is addressed during routine care. However, the majority of patients want this issue discussed with their physicians. Sexual dysfunction is independent of age, time post surgery, and interfering factors making it difficult to identify high risk populations. Therefore, sexual dysfunction should be identified in breast cancer patients during follow-up with interventions made when appropriate.
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Greenberg, Neil, William L. Roberts, Lorin M. Bachmann, Elizabeth C. Wright, R. Neil Dalton, Jack J. Zakowski, and W. Greg Miller. "Specificity Characteristics of 7 Commercial Creatinine Measurement Procedures by Enzymatic and Jaffe Method Principles." Clinical Chemistry 58, no. 2 (February 1, 2012): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2011.172288.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Standardized calibration does not change a creatinine measurement procedure's susceptibility to potentially interfering substances. METHODS We obtained individual residual serum or plasma samples (n = 365) from patients with 19 different disease categories associated with potentially interfering substances and from healthy controls. Additional sera at 0.9 mg/dL (80 μmol/L) and 3.8 mg/dL (336 μmol/L) creatinine were supplemented with acetoacetate, acetone, ascorbate, and pyruvate. We measured samples by 4 enzymatic and 3 Jaffe commercially available procedures and by a liquid chromatography/isotope dilution/mass spectrometry measurement procedure against which biases were determined. RESULTS The number of instances when 3 or more results in a disease category had biases greater than the limits of acceptability was 28 of 57 (49%) for Jaffe and 14 of 76 (18%) for enzymatic procedures. For the aggregate group of 59 diabetes samples with increased β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, or glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1c), the enzymatic procedures had 10 biased results of 236 (4.2%) compared with 89 of 177 (50.3%) for the Jaffe procedures, and these interferences were highly procedure dependent. For supplemented sera, interferences were observed in 11 of 24 (46%) of groups for Jaffe and 8 of 32 (25%) of groups for enzymatic procedures and were different at low or high creatinine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS There were differences in both magnitude and direction of bias among measurement procedures, whether enzymatic or Jaffe. The influence of interfering substances was less frequent with the enzymatic procedures, but no procedure was unaffected. The details of implementation of a method principle influenced its susceptibility to potential interfering substances.
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Severiano, Rogério Luciano, Paloma Rayane Pinheiro, Francisco Guilhien Gomes Júnior, Andréa Celina Ferreira Demartelaere, and Márcio Dias Pereira. "Image analysis of papaya seeds submitted to sarcotesta removal methods." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 48, no. 4 (October 2018): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4853699.
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ABSTRACT The germination of papaya seeds is slow and uneven, usually due to inhibitors present in the sarcotesta; however, some removal procedures may cause physical damage, negatively interfering in the physiological quality and field performance. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and physiological quality of papaya seeds submitted to methods of sarcotesta removal by image analysis. Papaya Formosa ‘Tainung 01' seeds were submitted to the following methods of sarcotesta removal: fermentation + sieve, sand + sieve, sieve and blender + sieve. After the sarcotesta removal, the seeds were submitted to tests of germination, first germination count, germination speed and seedling length. For the image analysis, the seeds without sarcotesta were submitted to the X-ray test and to a computerized analysis of seedling images by the SVIS® software. The methods used were only promising for the sarcotesta removal, while the blender + sieve method obtained the highest physical and physiological seed quality, in addition to performing the best sarcotesta removal. However, the image analysis using the SVIS® software allowed to identify the high physical and physiological seed quality using the blender + sieve method, which promoted the highest efficiency in removing the sarcotesta.
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Bychkovskyi, Vladyslav Oleksiyovych, and Yuliia Yuriivna Reutska. "Methodology of information relevance assessment." Engineering and Educational Technologies 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2307-9770.2021.09.01.07.
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The paper considers a methodology that makes it possible to determine the relationship between useful, distracting and interfering information. The proposed methodology allows you to evaluate the relevance of information supplied to a specialist. The situation when a specialist, based on the information received, makes certain decisions and performs the assigned tasks is considered. The regularity of the change in the probability of performing these functions on the amount of information received and information capacity has been established. The regularity of the change in the probability of performing these functions on the amount of information received and information capacity has been established. It is shown that the equation of information dynamics is an information analogue of T. Malthus's population model. This makes it possible to use well-known methods of analysis and extend the results obtained to other mathematical models. The procedure for selecting models that take into account various restrictive effects is considered. The factor of self-limitation is taken into account. The transition to an informational analogue of the Quetelet-Verhulst population model is justified. The external limiting factor is considered in the context of the influence of distracting and disturbing information. A predictive model for determining the pattern of changes in information ability is proposed. This model takes into account the speed of information flow under ideal conditions and the destructive influence of distracting and interfering information. The procedure for using the model is reviewed. This procedure provides an introduction to the calculations additional variable to take into account the influence of distracting and interfering information. The regularity of the change in the additional value and its relationship with information capabilities have been determined. It allows you to go to the procedure for finding out the potential value of the relevance indicator. A relationship has been established to determine the relevance indicators, which make it possible to take into account the potential amount of useful, distracting and interfering information. The relationship between the current and established values of relevance indicators has been established. The classification of the effects of distracting and interfering information is carried out. Relevance characteristics for the prevailing equal and weak influence of interfering and distracting information compared to useful information are analyzed. Methodology of using the relevance characteristics is considered. The ratios that make it possible to quickly assess the relevance indicator at predetermined control points and to determine the time to reach the control values of the observed values are established. The situation that arises under very strong and very weak influences of distracting and interfering information is analyzed.
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Khubaev, G. "The State and the Market: How the State Can Strengthen the Positive Interaction of Market Participants." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/55/22.
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It is established that only the state, without interfering in the functioning of the market, can strengthen the positive mutual influence of market participants and increase the transparency of the market and the awareness of its subjects; it is shown how to do this with the help of original methods and tools.
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Guzhov, V. I., S. P. Il’inykh, and S. V. Khaibullin. "Phase information recovery based on the methods of phase shifting interferometry with small angles between interfering beams." Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing 53, no. 3 (May 2017): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s875669901703013x.
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Ismail, AAA, PL Walker, MN Fahie-Wilson, N. Jassam, and JH Barth. "Prolactin and macroprolactin: a case report of hyperprolactinaemia highlighting the interpretation of discrepant results." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 40, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/000456303321610673.
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Immunoassay methods for prolactin detect macroprolactin (i.e. high molecular mass complexes of prolactin) to various degrees. Therefore it is generally assumed that the widely differing results by methods that measure both moieties to a differing extent are due to the presence of macroprolactin. We present a case which challenges such an assumption and suggest that precipitation by polyethylene glycol is the most reliable screen for identifying macroprolactin (and/or interfering antibodies if present).
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Biondi, Biondo L., and Clement Kostov. "High‐resolution velocity spectra using eigenstructure methods." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 7 (July 1989): 832–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442712.
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Stacking spectra provide maximum‐likelihood estimates for the stacking velocity, or for the ray parameter, of well separated reflections in additive white noise. However, the resolution of stacking spectra is limited by the aperture of the array and the frequency of the data. Despite these limitations, parametric spectral estimation methods achieve better resolution than does stacking. To improve resolution, the parametric methods introduce a parsimonious model for the spectrum of the data. In particular, when the data are modeled as the superposition of wavefronts, the properties of the eigenstructure of the data covariance matrix can be used to obtain high‐resolution spectra. The traditional stacking spectra can also be expressed as a function of the data covariance matrix and directly compared to the eigenstructure spectra. The superiority of the latter in separating closely interfering reflections is then apparent from a simple geometric interpretation. Eigenstructure methods were originally developed for use with narrow‐band signals, while seismic reflections are wide‐band and transient in time. Taking advantage of the full bandwidth of seismic data, we average spectra from several frequency bands. We choose each frequency band wide enough, so that we can average over time estimates of the covariance matrix. Thus, we obtain a robust estimate of the covariance matrix from short data sequences. A field‐data example shows that the high‐resolution estimators are particularly attractive for use in the estimation of local spectra in which short arrays are considered. Several realistic synthetic examples of stacking‐velocity spectra illustrate the improved performance of the new methods in comparison with conventional processing.
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Sai, Shizuki, Mitsunori Urata, and Iwao Ogawa. "Evaluation of Linearity and Interference Effect on SMBG and POCT Devices, Showing Drastic High Values, Low Values, or Error Messages." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 13, no. 4 (January 19, 2019): 734–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296818821664.
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Background: When a patient with diabetes measures blood glucose levels using a simple blood glucose meter, an error message or abnormal value may be displayed because of interfering substances, potentially leading to unnecessary medical treatment. Methods: Here, we tested 10 self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and point-of-care testing (POCT) devices to investigate under what conditions they fail to measure blood glucose levels or display abnormal values instead. We also evaluated the influence and linearity of several well-known interfering substances and hematocrit (Ht). Each adjusted sample was measured by each device twice and the values compared with the reference values. Results: Linearity was favorable in all but one model. The impact of the interfering substances and Ht has been confirmed in many SMBG and POCT devices. In particular, some models showed significant pseudo-high or -low levels for samples that contained ascorbic acid, which is used widely in infusion solutions. Three devices showed error messages to avoid presenting a false value. Conclusions: Since pseudo-high levels may result in the excessive administration of insulin and lead to adverse events, this report serves as a critical reminder of the importance of device choice for specific indications. Three new devices have safety functions that prevent the showing of false values.
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Benoteau, Gael, and Andrew G. Reynolds. "Interfering Substances in the Colorimetric Quantitation of Grape Monoterpenes." HortScience 29, no. 11 (November 1994): 1335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.11.1335.
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The potential for interference by specific C6 compounds in the colorimetric quantitation of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) monoterpenes was investigated in model solutions and muscat and neutral-flavored grape cultivars. The unsaturated C6 aldehyde 2-hexen-1-al (2HX) showed color absorption at 608 nm in distilled water after reaction with an acidified vanillin solution. Absorbance also increased significantly when 2HX was added to a series of linalool solutions; ≈2.5 mg 2HX per liter of a 1-mg·liter–1 linalool solution increased the absorbance by >10%. Adding 2.5 mg 2HX per kilogram of `Gewürztraminer' berry homogenate significantly increased apparent free volatile terpene (FVT) concentrations to 121% of unadulterated control treatments but did not affect potentially volatile terpenes (PVT). Adding 2HX also increased apparent FVT concentration in `Perlette' and `Flame Seedless'. Both neutral-flavored table grape cultivars contained some FVT and PVT as a consequence of their muscat ancestries. FVT and PVT quantitation by colorimetric methods may be subject to significant error if the concentration of 2HX and other unsaturated C6 compounds in grape berries or must are >5 mg·liter–1. However, low concentrations of unsaturated C6 compounds (<80 μg·liter–1) in British Columbia wines suggest that there is a low probability of significant interference with this method.
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Toro, A., N. Gonzalez, J. Torres, E. Dvorsky, and G. A. Toranzos. "Modified culture methods for the detection of Vibrio spp. from estuarine waters." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1995): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0626.
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The purpose of this study was to improve and speed up the isolation and recovery of Vibrio spp. from water using modifications of the currently used culture techniques. Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts (TCBS) and Alkaline Peptone Salt Broth (APSB) media were modified by the addition of NaCl and Tris buffer. None of the modifications had a negative effect on the recovery of Vibrio spp. when compared to the unmodified media. The modifications giving the best results were 3% and 6% NaCl and Tris buffer 0.05 M at pH 8.4. Under these conditions, the background microflora was drastically reduced in both TCBS and APSB making the detection of the target colonies extremely easy. The presence of sulfur-producing microorganisms was reduced and in most cases completely eliminated. The use of a more selective medium also allows for an easier application of molecular techniques. Colony hybridizations are easily done, since the growth of interfering microorganisms is reduced. These studies are being expanded to include the detection of V. cholerae 01 and non-01 in waters from Latin American countries affected by the cholera epidemic.