Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interféromètres de Fabry-Pérot'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Interféromètres de Fabry-Pérot.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Chenaud, Boris. "Vers un interféromètre électronique de type Fabry-Pérot." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20082.
Full textDebilou, Abderrazak. "Automatisation d'une expérience de diffusion de la lumière : contrôle du parallélisme du Fabry-Pérot." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10613.
Full textMuhammad, Shoaib Anwar. "Étude et conception d'antennes à résonateur de Pérot-Fabry compacts pour les applications spatiales." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S072.
Full textCette thèse aborde l’étude et la conception d’antennes compactes de type Fabry- Perot pour les réseaux focaux (applications spatiales). Dans une première partie, une synthèse bibliographique est présentée dans le contexte des solutions existantes. Ensuite, les antennes Fabry-Perot classiques sont étudiées en polarisation linéaire pour évaluer leurs performances. La troisième partie présente une nouvelle structure composée de deux cavités de Fabry-Perot empilées. L’amélioration des performances en termes de contrôle des modes supérieurs, de bande passante en rayonnement et en adaptation, et de qualité de diagrammes de rayonnement, est démontrée par rapport aux configurations habituelles. Plusieurs prototypes ont été réalisés pour valider les résultats numériques. Dans la quatrième partie, nous avons comparé trois méthodes pour obtenir un fonctionnement en polarisation circulaire. Chaque méthode a été validée par des résultats expérimentaux. Une comparaison avec des cornets de Potter est également proposée
Kuhn, Aurélien. "Optomécanique en cavité cryogénique avec un micro-pilier pour l’observation du régime quantique d’un résonateur mécanique macroscopique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066108.
Full textWe present the operation of an experimental setup designed to optically measure the quantum position fluctuations of a macroscopic mechanical resonator. The resonator is kept in a cryogenic environment and its movement is monitored with a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. We have designed and realized an optimized resonator for the observation of its quantum position fluctuations. It consists in a quartz micropillar vibrating on a compression mode and clamped at its center by a thin membrane. We have demonstrated a fundamental vibration mode oscillating at 4 MHz with a mechanical quality factor close to two millions. We have implemented this resonator in a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. A high-reflectivity mirror is coated only on top of the pillar in order to avoid any altering of its mechanical quality factor. We have developed a laser photoablation technique in order to realize the coupling mirror of the cavity with a very small radius of curvature as well as a high reflectivity. This allows us to build a cavity with a finesse of 50 000 and an optical beam waist, smaller than 10 µm, fitting the transverse size of the resonator. We had make a dilution refrigerator especially designed and optimized for ultrasensitive position measurement, in which we have operated the optomechanical device. The whole optical setup, made of an ultra-stable laser source and a resonator motion detection device, allows us to observe thermal position fluctuations of the resonator down to about 1 K
Plana, Henri. "Etude du gaz ionisé dans les galaxies elliptiques avec un Pérot-Fabry à balayage." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11003.
Full textOuisse, Élisabeth. "Capteur polarimétrique à fibre optique : applications en vibrométrie et réfractométrie." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2035.
Full textWe present a polarimetric optical fibre sensor applied to vibrometry and refractometry, based on an extrinsic Fabry-Perot cavity. In order to get the direction of the motion we use the polarization properties of the light to create and observe two distinct signals. Vibration measurements are performed by introducing a wave plate in the cavity. Thus the comparison of the two off-phased interference signals, allows us to determine the direction of target motion. In refractometry applications, we insert a polarizer in the Fabry-Perot cavity to create a dual cavity interferometer. The first is used as reference cavity and the second has measurement cavity. This work reports the experiments carried out to test and validate our various devices. In the case of the vibrometer, it is possible to obtain a sensitivity of 80 nm for displacement reconstruction and in the case of the refractometer, a sensitivity around 10-6 for the refractive index measurements is achieved
Talbi, Yacine. "Excitations magnétiques dans des films minces et des nanostructures présentant une distribution d'aimantation non uniforme." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132026.
Full textThis work has focused on the analyzis of the static behavior of magnetic objects (layers or dots) with a non-uniform distribution of magnetization. For this purpose various experimental techniques have been used: the magnetic force microscopy (MFM), ferromagnetic resonance type micro-strip (FMR) and Brillouin spectroscopy (BLS). In a first study, highly experimental on continuous films, the first step deals with the search of magnetic parameters and the detailed analysis of the distribution of magnetization present commonly called "low bands". An important point consisted of mastering this particular structure and its regularity in dynamic experiments. This work was carried out by a comprehensive study MFM under applied field. For the analysis of magnetic excitations observed by FMR and BLS, two simple models have been proposed. The first using a Thiele approach to account for displacement of vortices while the latter helps explain the spin wave spectra observed. The second part of our research was purely for its digital offering study on small plots, however, allowing the establishment of a vortex structure. The computer code was OOMMF used for this purpose. The static and dynamic behavior was analyzed as a function of applied field and for various sizes of dots
Bernier, Maxime. "Mesure vectorielle de champs électriques microondes et de température par transducteurs électro-optique." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0158.
Full textRefractive indices of electro-optic (EO) crystals (e. G. LiTaO3) have the particularity to be linearly dependent, via the Pockels' effect, on the magnitude of a unique component of an applied electric field. This nonlinear property makes those crystals good candidates to develop fully-dielectric made probes dedicated to non-invasive vectorial E-field measurements, as long as the E-field to be measured is strong enough. The poor sensitivity of those probes can be improved of several orders of magnitude using a Fabry-Pérot cavity. Unfortunately, the optical properties of the EO crystals depend also on the temperature involving temporal instability of the EO response of the probe under outdoor conditions. The EO transducer developed within the IMEP-LAHC laboratory, in association with the centre d'étude de Gramat, and described in this report, has permitted to perform the first simultaneous measurements of one E-field component and temperature with an accuracy of about 40 mK during several minutes under drastic experimental conditions. The EO transducer has a flat response over a bandwidth from quasi DC to 16 GHz, a spatial resolution of about 100 microns and selectivity better than 25 dB
Lanco, Loïc. "Sources semiconductrices de photons jumeaux." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077131.
Full textThis work focuses on the design, fabrication and characterization of semiconductor sources of twin-photons for quantum information. We take advantage of the optical nonlinearity in semiconductor materials, in order to generale photon pairs through a parametric down-conversion process. We have realized a source of counterpropagating twin photons : the generated photons are emitted in opposite directions in a semiconductor waveguide. We present the frequency conversion experiments that we have realized in order to characterize the nonlinear properties of our device : surface-emitted sum-frequency generation, and backward difference-frequency generation. We finally demonstrate the generation of counterpropagating photons pairs: this work opens a route towards the realization of very promising integrated devices for quantum information. We are also interested in the realization of a twin photons emtting diode, a very compact device controled by simple electrical injection. An AIGaAs laser structure is presented, designed for twin photons generation through the down-conversion of internal, third-order mode laser photons. We have validated this approach, and characterized the nonlinear properties of our device, with a second-harmonic generation experiment. We also present the techniques we developed for the characterization of temperature and loss in our waveguides. The generation of photon pairs will be possible with a proper tuning of the laser wavelength
Peyrade, David. "Etude et réalisation de nanostructures photoniques en géométrie planaire : cristaux photoniques et résonateurs Fabry-Pérot." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20056.
Full textHebri, Salem. "Études de la pression de radiation dans les interféromètres utilisés pour la détection des ondes gravitationnelles." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4103.
Full textThe Virgo detector is a Michelson interferometer with 3 km Fabry Perot cavities in the arms and using the power recycling technique. The main aim is the direct detection of gravitational waves emitted by astrophysical sources. The injection system is constituted essentially by a triangular 144 m long cavity with the middle mirror suspended called the Mode Cleaner, capable of selecting the TEM00 mode only. The suspended mirror is very light (360g), which can make it sensitive to the photon pressure. I developed some simulation codes for a triangular cavity with all controls identical to a real Virgo mode cleaner. These codes can be used for other studies. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to studying the effects of the radiation pressure on the mode cleaner for the lock acquisition, the optical angular spring etc. In the second part, I made the same simulation for studying the effect of the radiation pressure in 3 km long Virgo cavities, essentially on the optical angular spring, which can make problems for the automatic alignment on Virgo. Finally, I describe my participation to the Virgo commissioning, which primarily consists in working on control systems for the system of laser beam injection and their optimization
Trosseille, Clément. "Conception d’un interféromètre de Fabry Perot pour la mesure des vitesses radiales solaires sur la mission Solar Orbiter." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112293.
Full textThis thesis was devoted to the study of the specifications of the spectral analyzer of the PHI instrument (Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager) aboard the Solar Orbiter mission of the European Space Agency. We will review briefly the theory of solar oscillations and the birth, goals and results of helioseismology, the domain of astrophysics that studies them. Afterwards, we will have a look at the different criteria that define the main characteristics of PHI’s spectral analyzer, a Fabry Perot interferometer (FPI). We will see how the peculiar environmental conditions of the mission, together with the scientific objectives, constrain the instrumental parameters and the technological choices, and we will propose a concept of spectral analyzer based on two FPIs meeting the requirements. A proof of concept was studied in the lab, in the form of a piezoelectric tunable Fabry Perot cavity. We will describe the experiments performed in order to determine the characteristics of this interferometer, proceed to calibration measurements, and address the issue of in-flight usability. We have taken our FPI to a solar observatory in Tenerife in spring 2008 in order to measure solar oscillations. Performance was satisfactory, although we were not able to obtain a nice enough k-ω diagram. We compare our results with ones obtained with data of the GONG network that stand as a reference
Miché, Pierre. "Automatisation d'un spectromètre intégral à étalon de Fabry-Perot : développement d'un capteur d'indice à haute résolution, commandé par ordinateur." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES012.
Full textLe, Perchec Jérôme. "Localisations et exaltations de la lumière dans des structures métalliques sub-longueur d'onde." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10014.
Full textThis thesis presents theoretical works based on a modal approach, about the optical properties of metallic surfaces with rectangular grooves whose dimensions are smaller than the wavelength of the incident light. These surfaces show reflection anomalies related to local enhancements of the electromagnetic field, due to, in particular, Fabry-Pérot like resonances inside the grooves. The problem of two near-field coupled sub-wavelength cavities is analysed. Hot spot phenomena occur, and we show how to control the localization of light at sub-wavelength scales. The results could find important applications: optical switching, quantitative light addressing, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). . . We also study the localization effects due to structural disorder: breaking the symmetry of periodic arrangements, different lighting configurations may appear, very sensitive to the excitation frequency. Some theoretical predictions are evidenced experimentally. Finally, we deal with the case of very sub-wavelength lamellar gratings, in connection with the Abnormal Optical Absorption and the SERS effect observed for some rough metallic films. Giant enhancements of the electric field, calculated inside nano-cavities with the exact modal method, in the visible region, are explained by the excitation of surface plasmons-polaritons whose wave vectors are much larger than those of light
Straniero, Nicolas. "Étude, développement et caractérisation des miroirs des interféromètres laser de 2ème génération dédiés à la détection des ondes gravitationnelles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10319/document.
Full textIn the year of 2015 the construction of the 2nd generation of detectors devoted to gravitational waves is going to be completed. These are large laser Michelson interferometers with arm respectively 3 km (Advanced Virgo) and 4 km (Advanced LIGO) in length. The gravitational waves, predicted by Einstein in 1916 within his theory of general relativity, have not been observed by the first generation of detectors. However, interferometers are now on the way of being ten times more sensitive than before, and so, on the 100th anniversary of the establishment of general relativity, the era of gravitational wave astronomy can start. If laser interferometer will be able to reach unprecedented sensitivity, it is thanks to new technological developments. In particular the new state of the art mirrors installed in the interferometer arms have exceptional performances. This thesis details the design, the development and the characterization of these remarkable large mirrors. My work will deal with the cavity optical loss due to the diffused light itself linked to the mirrors surface quality and to the high reflectivity coating uniformity. By studying the surface flatness, we will understand how it could be influenced by the deposition technique implemented in the coating machine. We will see also how to measure the mirror surfaces by wavelength shifting Fizeau interferometer. Finally, we will detail how we proceeded in order to reach the tight specifications for the mirrors, with in the end only tens of ppm for the cavity round trip losses
Saadany, Bassam. "Filtres et interféromètres de type MEMS optiques basés sur des miroirs de Bragg micro-usinés." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112012.
Full textThis work is concerned with MEMS optical filters and interferometers. Micromachined Bragg mirrors over SOI and silicon substrates are investigated for this purpose. The micromachined Bragg mirrors are realized by anisotropic etching of silicon using Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE), thus producing multiple vertical interfaces between silicon and air. The Bragg mirrors application to three different configurations is studied. First, we propose an all-silicon based add-drop filter. The proposed configuration employs a tilted Bragg mirror (45o), integrated with fiber grooves, where the mirror behaves as a wavelength selective reflector. Second is a tunable Fabry-Pérot cavity composed of two micromachined Bragg mirrors, where tuning is achieved by moving one of the mirrors using electrostatic MEMS actuation. A tuning range covering the telecom C-band (1525 – 1560 nm) is achieved. A high-resolution electrostatic actuator design is proposed for the accurate tuning of the cavity. A novel fabrication process is proposed where the quality of the DRIE process is enhanced in terms of sidewall surface roughness, anisotropy, loading effects and minimum under etching. The enhanced process involves a mix of Cryogenic and Bosch DRIE processes. An ultra-compact MEMS Michelson interferometer utilizing silicon Bragg reflectors over SOI is studied for the first time. Interferometer area is 150 μm X 150 μm. . A novel beam splitting technique is proposed, where a single interface is encountered during beam splitting. The proposed technique enables the realization of highly robust MEMS interferometers that are well suited for industrialization
Epinat, Benoît. "Des galaxies proches aux galaxies lointaines : études cinématique et dynamique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413769v3.
Full textKinematical studies of low and high redshift galaxies enables to probe galaxy formation and evolution scenarios. Integral field spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study with accuracy nearby galaxies kinematics. Recent observations also gives a new 2D vision of high redshift galaxies kinematics. This work mostly relies on the kinematical sample of galaxies GHASP. This control sample, composed of 203 local spiral and irregular galaxies in low density environments observed with Fabry-Perot techniques in the Ha line (6563 Å), is by now the largest sample of Fabry-Perot data. After a revue on Fabry-Perot interferometry and a presentation of new data reduction procedures, my implications on both 3D-NTT Fabry-Perot instrument and the wide field spectrograph project (WFSpec) for galaxy evolution study with the european ELT are developed. The second section is dedicated to GHASP data. This sample have been fully reduced and analysed using new methods. The kinematical analysis of 2D kinematical maps has been undertaken with the study of the dark matter distribution, the rotation curves shape, bar signatures and the ionized gas velocity dispersion. In a third section, this local reference sample is used as a zero point for high redshift galaxies kinematical studies. The GHASP sample is projected at high redshift (z = 1. 7) in order to disentangle evolution effects from distance biases in high redshift galaxies kinematical data observed with SINFONI, OSIRIS and GIRAFFE. The kinematical analysis of new SINFONI high redshift observations is also presented and high redshift data found in the literature are compared with GHASP projected sample, suggesting some evolution of the galaxy dynamical support within the ages
Gardelein, Arnaud. "Conception d'un capteur électrooptique de rayonnement électromagnétique à base de matériaux polymères." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2084.
Full textThe context of this work is telecommunication network. The purpose is to design a component which can transpose an information from microwave electric domain to the optical one. To improve the performances of existing systems, this work presents a low cost, passive and compact component, a microwave electrooptic antenna. This objective is achieved by using a crosslinkable polymer, PGMA/DR1. In this work we characterize the polymer material in the electrical domain using a capacty measurement method and in the electrooptical domain using a through plane simple relflexion technique. The component design is based on two optimisations. In the optical domain, we enhance the optical path length by using a Fabry-Perot cavity. In the electrical domain, we concentrate the microwave radiation by using a dipole antenna. Measurement shows that the compenent is functionnal but needs to be optimized
Dinh, Xuan Quyen. "Contribution à l’étude et la réalisation de systèmes de transmissions optiques sécurisées." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204765/fr/.
Full textThe works presented here belongs to the field of cryptography and more precisely to the quantum cryptography. The goal is to design a system for transmitting simultaneously a key for encoding and a signal clock in the same optical fibre (at the classical wavelength of telecommunications 1550 nm) in order to avoid the effects of chromatic dispersion. Indeed the signal representing the key of encoding must be carried out in the form of strongly attenuated pulses simulating single photons; under these conditions it is necessary for improving the detection to know thanks to a clock signal the arrival time of the pulses. We achieve two signals with very close wavelengths (variation of 0. 88 pm) thanks to an acoustooptic modulator, each one serving as carrier for one the two signals. At the reception stage it is necessary to separate these two wavelengths and for this reason a filter based on a Fabry-Pérot interferometer has been designed, produced, tested and implemented at the laboratory. Then we also produced a photodetector based on an avalanche photodiode, with the possibility to lower the operating temperature until approximately 0°C. The system was entirely carried out and we have shown the feasibility of this technique. Improvements remain to be brought in particular on the stability of the optical filter and the operation of the detector in counting mode of photons
Rotger, Maud. "Contribution à l'étude d'un laser Nd-YAG industriel de puissance : réalisation d'un lambdamètre pour lasers impulsionnels." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS013.
Full textBoutayeb, Halim. "Etude des structures périodiques planaires et conformes associées aux antennes. Application aux communications mobiles." Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133820.
Full textIllueca, Contri José Carlos. "Etude et réalisation expérimentale d'un corrélateur bidimensionnel achromatique mettant en oeuvre des lentilles de phase de Fresnel." Besançon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BESA2018.
Full textMohd, Yusoff Mohd Fairus. "Low-profile antennas at millimeter waves : study of micromachined Fabry-Perot cavity antennas and folded reflectarray antennas." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S003.
Full textLes antennes à faible profil trouvent de multiples applications en raison de leur faible encombrement selon la hauteur, par exemple pour les applications embarquées. Elles possèdent aussi souvent des avantages complémentaires, tels que leur faible poids, leur coût modéré et leur facilité d’intégration. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons étudié et comparé deux types d’antennes à faible profil en ondes millimétriques : les antennes à résonateur de Perot-Fabry (PF), et les réseaux réflecteurs repliés. Dans le premier cas (antennes de PF), nous avons étudié de nouvelles configurations d’antennes micro-usinées en bande W, à l’aide de techniques de micro-usinage en surface et en volume. Les configurations étudiées ont été fabriquées et les résultats numériques ont été validés expérimentalement. Dans le second cas, divers réseaux réflecteurs repliés fonctionnant en polarisation linéaire ou en polarisation circulaires ont été étudiés à l’aide d’un outil de conception que nous avons spécifiquement développé pour ces travaux. Les performances de ces antennes ont été analysées, et deux prototypes ont été fabriqués en bande V pour valider les travaux théoriques
Tremblay, Guillaume. "Applications de résonateurs Fabry-Pérot pour l'imagerie par super-lentilles et pour les réseaux de Bragg à sauts de phase divisés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29021/29021.pdf.
Full textMunoz, Sardaneta Maria Minerva. "Two-dimensional ionised gas kinematics in edge-on late-type galaxies in low and high density environments." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0527.
Full textSome spiral galaxies have a hot gas component displaying a thick disk, the diffuse ionised gas (DIG). DIG layers detected several kpc out of the galactic plane, called extra-planar DIG (eDIG), have different kinematic properties than the ionised gas in the disk. In edge-on galaxies, the longitudinal and vertical gas kinematics can be studed without confusion with the disk gas. A key property governing the presence of the eDIG is the star-forming activity (SFR), but it is still unclear which is the major source of the eDIG ionisation. Fabry-Perot interferometry offers two-dimensional coverage to detect diffuse Hα emission with high spectral resolution. In this work, we studied Hα data acquired using this technique for two samples of late-type galaxies viewed edge-on (i≥75deg) in order to understand the prominence and kinematics of the eDIG. To discriminate between in-disk gas emission from out-of-disk gas emission seen in projection, we used near-infrared imagery. A sample of 43 galaxies was extracted from the ‘Herschel Reference Survey (HRS)’ catalogue on which we detected features of galaxies interacting with the ICM. As the galaxy evolution can be perturbed by the environment, a sample of 14 galaxies was selected from the "Catalogue of Isolated Galaxies (CIG)". Preliminary results show that in isolated galaxies the rotational lag increases with their intrinsic SFR. The large Virgo spiral galaxy, NGC 4330, is undergoing major transformations due to the density of its environment. Being representative of the HRS sample, a deep Hα kinematic analysis of it was performed finding kinematic similarities with its atomic and molecular gas
Spisser, Alain. "Etude et réalisation de dispositifs micr-opto-électro-mécaniques à base de semiconducteurs III-V pour les réseaux colorés." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0002.
Full textCalleau, Antoine. "Broadband circulaly polarized Fabry-Perot antennas for space applications." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S092.
Full textNew circularly polarized light emitter based on helicenic conjugated systems were synthesized and their optical and chiroptical properties were investigated. The first chapter is devoted to a bibliographic study describing the main properties of helicene, their synthetic access and the different types of applications of these molecules. The second chapter is dedicated to the preparation of new helicenic systems via the unprecedented association between achiral dye diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and enantioenriched carbo[6]helicene. Excitonic coupling induced between DPPs pigments at the extremity of the helical center lead to red and nearinfrared circularly polarized luminescence. In the third chapter of this manuscript, we describe the synthesis, the optical and the chiroptical properties of a new family of helicene-naphthalimide helical chromophore. In particular, the effect of the solvent polarity on the chiral excited state will be discussed in detail via CPL characterization. The fourth chapter reports the evolution of the chiroptical responses of the helicene molecule with the spatial extension of the system and the variation of charge transfer character within these twisted systems. The functionalization of the carbo[6]helicene precursor with different electron donor and electron acceptor fragment is described. Photophysical, electrochemical and chiroptical properties is reported and analyzed
Gachet, David. "Microscopie CARS (Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering). Génération du signal au voisinage d'interfaces et à l'intérieur d'une cavité Fabry-Perot." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30060.
Full textCoherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering ("CARS") is a spectroscopic technique that gives access to intra-molecular vibrational information. It was first proposed as a contrast mechanism in microscopy in 1982, and was implemented under a convenient colinear configuration in 1999. Since then, the signal generation in CARS microscopy has been studied in the litterature on some simple configurations. In this PhD dissertation, we extend the CARS signal generation study in isotropic media using a full-vectorial formalism. In particular, we introduce CARS signal dependency on the Raman depolarisation ratio and study theoretically its influence on far-field radiation patterns. In another part, we investigate the CARS signal generation in the vicinity of transverse and axial interfaces. On the one hand, a very simple method to obtain background free CARS spectra (i. E. Similar to pure Raman spectra) near transverse interfaces, with conventional excitation, is presented. One the other hand, we show theoretically and experimentally how the excitation detuning modifies the contrast of axial interfaces. These effects are tightly bound to the coherent and resonant nature of CARS. Finally, in order to enhance CARS microscopy sensitivity, we propose to generate the CARS signal near a resonant structure. In this purpose, we lead theoretical and experimental studies of CARS signal generation in a Fabry-Perot cavity. We show how this cavity enhances signal, increases its directivity and symetrise Fwd-CARS and Epi-CARS signals. Such effects are interesting for CARS microscopy. This last study illustrates the electromagnetic environment influence on light emission
Russeil, Delphine. "Etude multispectrale des régions d'hydrogène ionisé dans notre galaxie." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11031.
Full textLemarquis, Frédéric. "Développement de méthodes analytiques de synthèse d'empilements de couches minces diélectriques. Recherche de systèmes achromatiques sans dispersion de phase destinés à l'interférométrie." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30018.
Full textFANG, HAO. "Etudes et realisations de deux refractometres originaux ; applications a la mesure de l'indice de refraction de l'air et de sa masse volumique." Paris, CNAM, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CNAM0320.
Full textBrochu, Guillaume. "Lasers à fibre Fabry-Perot distribués multilongueurs d'onde : modélisation, fabrication et caractérisation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27585/27585.pdf.
Full textMacKay, Philippe. "La turbulence dans les régions HII : application à la région centrale de la nébuleuse d'Orion." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24918.
Full textBertin, Hervé. "Etude de matrices de filtres Fabry Pérot accordables en technologie MOEMS intégré 3D : Application à l’imagerie multispectrale." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112132/document.
Full textMultispectral imaging is used to improve target detection and identification in monitoring applications. It consists in analyzing images of the same scene simultaneously recorded in several spectral bands owing to a filtering. This thesis investigates the possibility to realize, an array of four 3D integrated Fabry-Perot (FP) filters that are tunable in the visible-near infrared range by electrostatic actuation. The fixed mirrors of the FP filters are ZnS/YF₃ multilayers deposited on a borosilicate wafer, and the movable mirrors are PECVD SiNH/SiOH multilayer membranes clamped in a very compact movable structure micromachined in a Si wafer. A 3rd glass wafer is used for filters packaging. Optical performances of the FP filters have been optimized by taking into account the asymmetry and the reflection phase shift of the mirrors and the mobile structure has been modeled by finite elements analysis notably to minimize its deformation during actuation. The critical steps of the movable mirrors fabrication process in Si or SOI technology have been developed : i) the fabrication and the release by DRIE and XeF₂ etching of 8 or 12 layers membranes with a residual stress tunable by annealing and a reflectance close to 50% in broad wavelength range (570-900nm), ii) the control with temporary patterns of the simultaneous deep etching of patterns with different widths and depths, and iv) various patterning techniques on highly structured surfaces based on shadow masks (with mechanical alignment) or laminated photosensitive dry films. These results open the way towards the full realization of an array of 3D integrated FP filters
Allard, Martin. "Auto-pulsation d'un laser réalisé à partir d'un amplificateur à semi-conducteurs en cavité externe de type Fabry-Perot." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25731/25731.pdf.
Full textFouquet, Nicolas. "Filtre spectral accordable par effet Faraday : étude, réalisation et caratérisation." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30056.
Full textLiu, Quan. "Enhanced Emission of a Single Quantum Emitter Coupled to a Microcavity and a Nanocavity." Thesis, Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0029.
Full textThe development of single molecule-based techniques in the last decades has enabled directly selecting, tracking, and measuring an individual molecule. In this thesis, the structural dynamics of a single quantum emitter, served by hypericin, is characterized. By using confocal scanning microscopy combined with radially/azimuthally polarized laser modes, three-dimensional reorientation of the transition dipole moment of a single molecule is observed. To quantify the temporal properties of the tautomerism, photon autocorrelation function is used to extract the intensity fluctuations. The results show the distinct influence of the local environment, such as PVA matrix and deuteration effect. The local photonic environment of a molecule is modified by the microcavity/nanocavity. A significant change of the radiative emission rate and of the fluorescence spectra is discussed. It allows us to measure the absolute quantum yield by using a tunable microcavity. The results show the possibility of controlling tautomerization by changing the photonic environment. Subsequently, molecular dissociation is discussed by single molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectra profiting from near field enhancement of nanocavity. A fast experimental optimization strategy towards optimal fluorescence enhancement is outlined
Pullteap, Saroj. "Développement d'un interféromètre extrinsèque à double cavités de type Fabry-Perot : applications à la mesure de vibrations périodiques et non périodiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000706/.
Full textThe work involved in this thesis principally concerns the development and characterization of a dual-cavity Extrinsic Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer (EFFPI), with the specific aims of analyzing both periodic and non-periodic vibrations. The device contains a “virtual” pseudo-dual-cavity which is generated due to the introduction of polarization-controlling optics into the optical path of the sensing cavity. This configuration enables two sets of quadrature phase-shifted interference signals to be obtained. Two demodulation techniques, modified zero-crossing fringe counting and phase-tracking, have been developed for demodulating the interference pair into displacement information. Experimental results show the potential of the fiber sensor in solving directional ambiguity of the target movement, analyzing non-periodic vibrations and doubling the resolution of the classical interferometer
Manzanares, Martinez Jesús. "Modélisation de cristaux photoniques à base d'opales." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20067.
Full textBibiano, Brito Davi. "Optimisation d'antennes et de circuits à l'aide des métamatériaux." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00749642.
Full textGarcia, Vergara Mauricio. "Impulsions électromagnétiques dans des milieux ultra-dispersifs nanostructurés : une approche théorique et numérique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0301/document.
Full textThe study of the interaction between electromagnetic pulses with dispersive and possible passive materials has a long tradition that can be traced, at least, to the works of Sommerfeld and Brillouin. As time has passed many scientist have contribute to a better understanding of this kind of phenomena. However some well established concepts need to be revisited and some questions remain open. The aim of this thesis is then, to tackle in a very systematic way, some of the most representative problems in this area that has been called “classical electrodynamics in matter”: I) We have developed a mathematical procedure that allows to find analytical models that in the frequency domain fulfils two fundamental physical properties: reality in time domain and causality. II) Our second task is to determine the velocity of an electromagnetic pulse that propagates in a highly dispersive medium. III) The problem of describing the electromagnetic field generated by an oscillating charge and itsinteraction with some dispersive 3D-object is also studied. The first part deals with the pure description of an EM field generated by arbitrary charge density $\rho$ and corresponding current density $j$. Second part is related to the interaction of this polyharmonic EM field and a dispersive object (a sphere). IV) Finding the resonant frequencies and consequently the resonant modes is a well known problem in physics, when the fields are not strictly confined and can leak to the whole universe we can say that we are dealing with Quasi Normal Modes (QNMs). In this thesis we give a brief and straightforward way of deriving the QNMs of a Fabry-Perot cavity
Ali, Aboulela Gaber Noha. "Optofluidique : études expérimentales, théoriques et de modélisation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1076/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the study of optical properties of fluids at the micrometer scale. To this end, we designed, implemented and studied different types of optofluidic micro- resonators in the Lab-on-Chip format. Our analysis is based on analytical and numerical modeling, as well as experimental measurements conducted on optical microcavities; we use one of them for refractometry applications on homogeneous fluids and on complex fluids, as well as for the localization of solid microparticles by optical trapping. We first focused on the study of a new form of Fabry-Perot micro-cavity based on curved mirrors between which a capillary tube is inserted for injecting a fluidic solution. Experimental results demonstrated the ability of this device to be used as a refractometer with a detection limit of 1.9 × 10-4 RIU for homogeneous liquids. Furthermore, for liquid containing solid particles, the ability to control the microparticles position either by optical trapping or optical binding effects has been successfully demonstrated. In a second step, an optical resonator is simply formed from a liquid droplet placed on top of a superhydrophobe surface. The resulting quasi-spherical shape supports resonant whispering gallery modes. It is shown that, up to millimeter size droplets, the proposed technique of free-space coupling of light is still able to access these modes with very low evanescent tail interaction, contrary to what was indicated in the literature so far. Such optofluidic droplet resonators are expected to find their applications for environmental air quality monitoring, as well as for incubator of living micro-organisms that can be monitored optically
Di, Pace Sibilla. "Vers l’observation du bruit quantique de la pression de radiation dans un interféromètre suspendu : l’expérience QuRaG." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4108/document.
Full textThe existence of gravitational waves (GW) is one of the most interesting predictions of the theory of general relativity of Einstein. The experimental discovery of GW would be an important test of the theory itself. In addition, the detection of GW will open a new window of observation especially in those regions of the Universe inaccessible to electromagnetic observations. Interferometers, as Virgo are the most promising devices for the detection of GW. Currently, the sensitivity of these detectors is not yet sufficient to have a detection rate of few events/year. Therefore, an intense experimental program to improve the sensitivity is underway. Specifically, the sensitivity of the next generations of GW detectors, at low frequencies, will be limited by the effect of the radiation pressure (RP) on the suspended mirrors. This phenomenon not yet observed experimentally in the ground based GW detectors band, is currently the subject of a very active research field. My work presented here aims at building a detector for studying quantum effects of RP in GW detectors: the QuRaG experiment. It will consist of a suspended Michelson interferometer where each arm will be a high finesse Fabry-Pérot cavity, in which only the end mirror will be further suspended and then sensitive to the RP noise. During my PhD I have actively participated to the R&D of all QuRaG subsystems. Therefore, the work that I have done deals with various aspects of the project whose related problems belong to different domains of physics. My work described in this manuscript demonstrates that QuRaG is realizable and that it will be able to observe the RP noise in the expected frequency range
Ratni, Badr Eddine. "Étude et conception d’antennes à base de métasurfaces destinées aux applications spatiales et aéronautiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS327/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at highlighting recent advances in the field of metasurfaces. These structures have been used to improve the performances of conventional antennas or to design new antenna concepts. The work has been carried in the framework of a collaboration with industrial partners, namely Airbus Safran Launchers, Airbus Group Innovations and CNES. The manuscript is organized into two parts. The first part is devoted to metasurfaces used as partially reflecting surfaces (PRS) to design Fabry-Perot cavity antennas. In this part, an analytical model allowing to predict the beam steering angle by a phase modulation along the PRS is developed. Then, a new concept of metasurface allowing to steer the main antenna beam is proposed. It consists in applying a phase gradient by varying the effective index of the substrate that constitutes the PRS. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the design of an active metasurface that allows emulating different functionalities. First, the metasurface is utilized as a reflector with frequency and steering reconfigurability characteristics. Then, this metasurface is used as a reconfigurable polarizer where linearly polarized incident waves are converted into circularly polarized ones. Finally, the last study concerns the use of the active metasurface for the design of reconfigurablecylindro-parabolic and corner reflector antennas
Xu, Suan. "Conception et réalisation d'un interféromètre polarimétrique : application à la nanométrologie dimensionnelle." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830893.
Full textMejía, Morales Julián. "Dispositif interférométrique pour la cytométrie : optomécanique en acousto-fluidique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4000.
Full textIn the past years a growing demand for label-free cell analysis has emerged. This demand answers the need for cell analysis in its developing stages and, perhaps more importantly, to study cell physiological state in a simpler way than using fluorescence-based analyses. Mechanical and optical properties of cells are emerging as powerful biomarkers to discriminate cells. The cell deformation induced by acoustic pressure is measured with the Acoustofluidic Interferometric Device, developed in this Thesis, and allows for studying the cells deformability in a way similar to what is done for the analysis of the Young modulus. Deformability is an integral biomarker that summarizes cell gene expression, while the cell refractive index is related to the density of proteins in the cytoskeleton. The Acoustofluidic Interferometric Device, developed for the measurement of optomechanical cell properties on a cytometric basis, is detailed described and characterized in this thesis. The device enables the assessment of size, deformability and refractive index (or a combination of them) of non-adherent cells by means of a low finesse Fabry Perot resonator and acoustic manipulation.When an acoustically focussed cell (or another micro-sized particle) crosses the axis of the Fabry-Perot cavity it will perturb the resonator’s fringe pattern governed by the Airy’s transmission function. Such perturbation can be characterized and analyzed by means of the parameters ρ (radii of the circular interference fringes), Full Width at Half Maximum of the individual fringe and by the distance between fringes (Free Spectral Range). The analysis of the perturbation enables the assessment of the cell’s optomechanical properties. Measurement of the deformability of Algae and Yeast cells has been carried out to test the instrument’s performance and compared to the equivalent perturbation introduced by Microgel beads and Polystyrene spheres as controls. The experiment is based on the cell-induced fringe pattern perturbation images analysis. Images are acquired under two different conditions; 1) acoustic focussing and 2) acoustically induced deformation. 180 independent intensity profiles are retrieved and analyzed for each image, allowing for statistical analysis of the parameters: cell focal length and perturbed resonator Finesse. The results show a change in the optomechanical properties of the Algae, Yeast and Microgel while the Polystyrene sample remains virtually unchanged, as expected since Polystyrene is much stiffer than a cell and cannot be deformed by the pressure field of the instrument. These results show that the acoustofluidic technique presented here is useful to detect and measure different optomechanical properties which, potentially, can be used as label free biomarkers in clinical diagnosis
Michel, Sébastien. "Vers une détermination optique directe des coefficients opto-mécaniques et thermo-optiques des couches minces optiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00330005.
Full textDupont, Fabien. "Caractérisation d'impulsions courtes par filtrage spectral à l'aide de réseaux de BRAGG superposés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23621/23621.pdf.
Full textCasanueva, Diaz Julia. "Control of the gravitational wave interferometric detector Advanced Virgo." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS209/document.
Full textThe first detection of a Gravitational Wave (GW) was done on September 14 th of 2015 by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration with the two LIGO detectors. It was emitted by the merger of a Binary Black Hole, providing the first direct proof of the existence of Black Holes. Advanced Virgo is the upgraded version of the Virgo interferometer and it will join the LIGO detectors in the next months. The passage of a GW on Earth induces a change on the distance between test masses (experiencing only the gravitational interaction) in a differential way. This distance variation is proportional to the amplitude of the GW however the largest displacement observable on Earth will be of the order of 10⁻¹⁹ m/sqrt(Hz). Taking this in account, a Michelson interferometer is the ideal instrument to detect this differential effect. GWs detectors will use suspended mirrors to behave as test masses. The passage of a GW will cause a change on the distance between the mirrors that will spoil the interference condition, allowing some light to leak to the detection photodiode. However, a simple Michelson interferometer does not provide enough sensitivity. For this reason the first generation of detectors added Fabry-Perot cavities in the arms, in order to increase the optical path. A second change was the addition of an extra mirror in order to recycle the light that comes back towards the laser, to increase the effective power, creating a new cavity also known as Power Recycling Cavity (PRC). Its effect is more important when the Michelson is tuned in an optimal way in a dark fringe. All the mirrors of the detector are affected by the seismic noise and so their distance is continuously changing. It is necessary to control the longitudinal and angular position of the cavities in order to keep them at resonance. During my thesis I have studied the control of Advanced Virgo using simulation and during the commissioning itself. First of all I have simulated the control strategy used in Virgo using modal simulations. The aim was to check if the same strategy could be applied to Advanced Virgo or if it needs adaptation. In Advanced Virgo the Fabry-Perot cavities have a higher finesse, which arises new dynamical problems and requires a special control strategy that I have modified to match the commissioning needs. Regarding the PRC, we have studied the impact of its stability on the performance of the interferometer. As it is very close from the instability region, the electrical field inside will be very sensitive to alignment and matching of the laser beam. We have checked using simulations its impact on the longitudinal controls, which can become unstable, and a solution has been validated. Then I have used this information during the commissioning of the Advanced Virgo detector. In this thesis the details of the commissioning of the longitudinal and angular control of the interferometer will be presented. It includes the frequency stabilization, which has a key role in the control of the interferometer, since it is the dominant noise
Boniface, Claude. "Modélisation et diagnostics d'un propulseur à effet Hall pour satellites : configuration magnétique et nouveaux concepts." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30016.
Full textHall Effect Thrusters (HETs) are gridless ion engines where a magnetic field barrier is used to impede the electron motion toward the anode and generate a large electric field that provides collisionless ion acceleration. The thrust is about 100 mN and the specific impulse of HETs is in the range 1600-2000 s (i. E. The velocity of ejected xenon ions is on the order of 16-20 km/s). The thrust and the specific impulse of standard Single Stage HETs are well adapted to the missions of orbit correction and station keeping. The goal here is to model the physical phenomena occurring in such a thruster, and, in correlation with experimental studies, to validate and/or improve the assumptions of the model. The model describes the transport of the electrons, ions, and neutrals in crossed electric and magnetic fields. The model developed at CPAT was extended and used to identify conditions for optimal operation of the thruster, with particular attention to the influence of the magnetic field distribution on the thruster operation. In addition, we developed a model to study new thuster concepts such as a Double Stage Hall Effect Thruster, where ionization and acceleration are accomplished in two stages. The experimental study involved using specific plasma diagnostics (Fabry-Perot Interferometry) in order to measure the electric field distribution in the thruster. Measurements were made at the PIVOINE test facility in Orléans. Systematic comparisons between experimental results and simulations allowed us to define more clearly the limits of the model and to improve its predictive ability