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1

Kennett, Steven A. "Hard Law, Soft Law and Diplomacy: The Emerging Paradigm for Intergovernmental Cooperation in Environmental Assessment." Alberta Law Review 31, no. 4 (1993): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr1192.

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The author uses a paradigm derived from international law to assess the evolution of federal-provincial cooperation in environmental assessment (EA) in Canada. He examines the development of intergovernmental diplomacy and the evolution from soft to harder law through such measures as intergovernmental agreements on EA and legislation. Intergovernmental cooperation in EA is described in its constitutional context and its development is analyzed from a legal perspective. An examination of recent judicial decisions concerning major interjurisdictional projects underlines the need for cooperative EA arrangements. Four stages of the hardening of soft law are identified to illustrate how the legal framework for intergovernmental cooperation in EA may progress from general principles to formal intergovernmental arrangements and legally binding rules.
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2

Nelson, Hal T., Adam Rose, Dan Wei, Thomas Peterson, and Jeffrey Wennberg. "Intergovernmental climate change mitigation policies: theory and outcomes." Journal of Public Policy 35, no. 1 (2014): 97–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x14000117.

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AbstractThis paper develops a framework for analysing intergovernmental relationships around greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation policies along a cooperation-conflict spectrum that affects the probability of their enactment. Cooperative policies, such as federal fiscal transfers to sub-national governments, facilitate enactment. Coordination policies, including enabling and funding mechanisms, promote interdependence between jurisdictions. Competitive policies, such as federal performance standards and price mechanisms, increase political conflict over authority. We categorise 23 policies developed by over 1,500 state stakeholders into the cooperation/coordination/conflict taxonomy. If scaled to the national level, these policies could reduce GHG emissions by over 3 billion tonnes by 2020 and generate nearly 2.2 million jobs (1.19 per cent above baseline projections). Nearly two-thirds of the job gains are from coordinated and cooperative policy options that are unlikely to occur under the status quo policy process. We recommend a national climate action planning process to reduce GHG emissions while increasing aggregate economic efficiency.
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Thiem, Alrik. "Conditions of intergovernmental armaments cooperation in Western Europe, 1996–2006." European Political Science Review 3, no. 1 (2011): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773910000251.

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Defence cooperation between Western European countries has increased considerably since the end of the Cold War. An analytical distinction can be made between political and economic cooperation, the latter having been neglected by political scientists. This study advances the debate on economic cooperation by identifying sources of variation in the European Union (EU)-15 countries’ membership rate in cooperative armamentsforaaimed at restructuring the demand side of European defence from 1996 to 2006. By combining six models from three different schools of thought, the risk of confirmation bias through intra-paradigmatic reasoning is reduced. At the same time, fuzzy-set analysis opens up the space for data-driven combination effects. Two distinct combinations form sufficient paths leading to high rates of membership. Most importantly, intentions to create collective defence technological and industrial benefits combine with trust in partners’ ability and integrity to form an essential combination of conditions for governments to pursue cooperation on armaments.
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Obamba, Milton. "The Dragon's Deal: Sino-African Cooperation in Higher Education." International Higher Education, no. 72 (March 17, 2015): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2013.72.6102.

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China and Africa have a long tradition of bilateral cooperation. The establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in 2000 has dramatically revolutionized Sino-African cooperation. It is an intergovernmental agency established jointly by China and African countries to provide a plan for strengthening bilateral cooperations between China and 50 African member countries. The emergence of FOCAC can be more accurately interpreted as part of the increasing institutionalization and intensification of Sino-African relations, at a time of deepening multilateral interactions, although critiques have intensified simultaneously.
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5

Baldi, Brunetta. "Il federalismo competitivo: l'Italia in prospettiva comparata." TEORIA POLITICA, no. 2 (October 2009): 95–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tp2009-002005.

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- The article analyses the most recent reforms of Italian regionalism using the theory of competitive federalism as opposed to cooperative federalism. Although new competitive dynamics are developing with main reference to asymmetrical regionalism and fiscal federalism, the article shows the coexistence of competitive and cooperative institutional arrangements. Taking a comparative perspective the case of Italy portrays similarities to those of Germany and Spain: German cooperative federalism is more and more challenged by the developing of competitive dynamics between the Western and Eastern Länder as well as Spanish competitive regionalism is opening up to intergovernmental cooperation to assure policy coordination. As a whole the article provides an analytical framework to guide future empirical research.
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Allen, Marie. "Crossing Boundaries: Intergovernmental Records Cooperation, 1987-1997." American Archivist 60, no. 2 (1997): 216–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/aarc.60.2.f2q1641q4271286w.

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7

Saxena, Rekha. "The Working of Cooperative and Collaborative Federalism in India: Understanding Intergovernmental Relations." Indian Journal of Public Administration 67, no. 2 (2021): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00195561211026621.

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A federal constitution is based on at least two levels of governments— federal/union and provincial/state—which are generally constitutionally assigned exclusive as well as concurrent dominions, in addition to the residual powers. Consequently, union–state coordination is indispensable to negotiate and devise joint policies in field of shared jurisdictions. Moreover, such coordination is also essential for exclusive jurisdiction apparently because in the eras of ‘cooperative federalism’ and ‘collaborative federalism’, the federal government frequently utilises its usually bigger revenues to introduce centrally sponsored schemes of development and social policies with approval of state governments. These schemes may be entirely or partially financed by the union and executed by the states. Besides, residual powers or new policy areas that may emerge also need union–state cooperation, even though they are judicially adjudicated to go to any of the two levels of government. In an era of intergovernmental and global interdependence, functional link of governance may require cooperative action by different levels of governments besides the civil society organisations.
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8

Sun, Hongbo. "China-Venezuelan Oil Cooperation Model." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 13, no. 5-6 (2014): 648–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341322.

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With the shift of the world growth gravity from the industrialized countries to the emerging economies, the China-Latin American relationship has greater political and economic implications in the current international power transition. The energy ties between China and Latin America have been significantly strengthened in the oil sector and the China-Venezuela oil cooperation model is a unique example that might explain the dynamics of China’s energy interaction with Latin American resource countries. This oil cooperation model is a plural collaboration pattern with the oil sector as the cooperation axis and is extended to the infrastructure, high-tech, agriculture and other sectors under the intergovernmental institutionalized cooperative framework, which is supported by Chinese financial credit. China and Venezuela have high complementarities of energy interest in terms of the oil trade, finance and infrastructure building, based on the two countries’ relative economic advantages.
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9

Li, Ling, Yao Song, and Zhiqiang Zhang. "A Tripartite Game Analysis of Environmental Pollution Control Based on Complicated Intergovernmental Relations." Complexity 2021 (August 21, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8148799.

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An excellent ecological environment is conducive for improving economic benefits and social benefits. The environmental pollution control requires the cooperation of governments at all levels and a large amount of capital investment. However, under the system with Chinese characteristics, the intergovernmental relations present complex and dynamic characteristics: the central government is authoritative, the local governments are obedient and self-interested, and the environmental pollution control usually involves multiple government departments, while it has strong externality, which makes it easy to breed “free rider” behavior in the process of environmental pollution control. Therefore, the cross-regional environmental pollution control cooperation model of governments at all levels is a complex and worthwhile research problem. Based on this, the paper studies a tripartite game problem of environmental pollution control from both horizontal and vertical intergovernmental relations. The Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation was used to obtain the optimal effort strategy, environmental pollution control level, and environmental pollution losses under the Nash game model, the Stackelberg game model, and the Cooperative game model. The results show the following: firstly, the governments’ environmental pollution control efforts are positively related to their own execution ability and influence ability and negatively related to the cost coefficient; secondly, from the perspectives of environmental pollution control level and environmental pollution losses, the Cooperative game model is superior to the Nash game model and the Stackelberg game; thirdly, this paper analyzes the relationship between the loss-bearing ratio, the special financial funds, the effort level of government, and the environmental pollution control level; finally, the conclusions are verified by numerical analysis, which proves the validity of the models.
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10

Raube, Kolja, and Daan Fonck. "Transnational Parliamentarism and the Dynamics of the IPC CFSP/CSDP: Policy-making, Accountability and Cooperation." Perspectives on Federalism 10, no. 3 (2018): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pof-2018-0034.

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Abstract This contribution proposes a framework of transnational parliamentarism to study inter-parliamentary cooperation, and applies it to the interparliamentary conference on CFSP/CSDP. It asks to what extent the IPC’s functioning reflects its constitutive intergovernmental logic, or whether its behaviour in practice might be guided by a transnational logic, hence becoming something more than just the parliamentary mirror of an intergovernmental cooperation framework. To this end we outline three functions that are brought forward by transnational parliamentarism: policy-making, collective accountability and cooperation, and investigate to which extent these logics can be observed in the functioning of the IPC CFSP/CSDP. Applying the framework reveals a nuanced picture of an inter-parliamentary cooperation framework which to some extent goes beyond purely intergovernmental functions of domestic accountability and representation, and also includes the performance of policy-making and parliamentary cooperation functions.
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11

Fowler, Luke. "Local Managerial Perceptions of Intergovernmental Management." State and Local Government Review 50, no. 1 (2018): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160323x18769974.

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Interjurisdictional policy problems have facilitated both interlocal cooperation and opportunities for self-interested behavior from local governments. However, intergovernmental management (IGM) approaches shape how local governments interact with each other and how much influence local managerial efforts have on policy outcomes. After identifying three IGM models used to manage air quality, analyses of local managerial perceptions indicate that some approaches facilitate more cooperation and organizational efficacy than others through structuring responsibilities in Clean Air Act policy implementation. Conclusions suggest that approaches to IGM are important in shaping how managers perceive efforts to manage complex policy problems.
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12

Ma’ruf, Muhammad Farid, and Prasetyo Isbandono. "URGENSI KERJASAMA ANTAR DAERAH (INTERGOVERNMENTAL) DALAM PENANGANAN BENCANA ALAM DI DAERAH." JPSI (Journal of Public Sector Innovations) 1, no. 1 (2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpsi.v1n1.p47-54.

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Indonesia cluster regions have unique geographical and topographical characteristics also have potential for natural disasters. Potential for natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquake, tsunami, flood and landslide happen almost in every place in Indonesia. In the past, the handling for natural disasters still use rigid and centralized hierarchy bureaucracy approach which has not been able to handle the disasters and handle post disasters appropriately. The decentralization spirit changes handling natural disasters paradigm which giving authority toward regions government to manage the disasters in its territory. However, the big challenge is to synchronize every regions governments perception that natural disasters in regions can be manage only with one institution or region government according to territory border. The natural disasters management which include the pre disasters and post disasters need together management by several government stratum based on intergovernmental networks. The writer used inductive approach method which allow to describing of the result of analysis study of the possibility of cooperative effort between regions through Regional Disaster Department (BPBD) in several areas in East Java that are Malang region, Kediri, Pasuruan and Bojonegoro by knowing the standard and policy/program/activity target, the condition of resource, and the condition social politic and economy. The result of study analysis about handling the disaster have conclusion that the handling effort pre disaster and post disaster are very multi-dimensional. In the context of government authority, handling of disaster not only handle by one region government. This is where the concept of cooperation between regions (intergovernmental networks) in important to be expanded at the local level. The cooperation between local regions have potency the capacity of region government in order to share experiences, share advantages and share task/assessment together in improving the function of public services in each region government. Then, the result of study analysis also concludes the importance to strengthening BPBD institutions to facilitate the cooperation between governments in local regions in order of handling the disasters.
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13

Niessen, Jan. "European Community Legislation and Intergovernmental Cooperation on Migration." International Migration Review 26, no. 2 (1992): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2547077.

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14

Niessen, Jan. "European Community Legislation and Intergovernmental Cooperation on Migration." International Migration Review 26, no. 2 (1992): 676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600225.

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15

Woods, Neal D., and Ann O'M Bowman. "Collective Action and the Evolution of Intergovernmental Cooperation." Policy Studies Journal 46, no. 3 (2017): 487–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psj.12241.

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16

Foresti, Paolo. "The European community from supranational to intergovernmental cooperation." International Spectator 20, no. 1 (1985): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932728508456556.

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17

Kwon, Sung-Wook, and Richard C. Feiock. "Overcoming the Barriers to Cooperation: Intergovernmental Service Agreements." Public Administration Review 70, no. 6 (2010): 876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2010.02219.x.

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18

김길수. "A Study on the Intergovernmental Policy Cooperation Relationship." Korean Journal of Local Government & Administration Studies 22, no. 1 (2008): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18398/kjlgas.2008.22.1.189.

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19

Zhu, Wei, Shaonan Shan, Xiaohui Shi, and Hui Li. "Research on the Establishment and Stability of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Air Pollution Cooperative Control Alliance: An Evolutionary Game Approach." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (September 2, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1179351.

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Air pollution control refers to a vital issue in the integrated and coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. As impacted by the fluidity of air pollution, air pollution control cannot be achieved independently by a single local government in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and a long-term mechanism should be established for regional coordination and cooperative control. However, in the pursuit of maximising benefits by the participating parties, difficulties in effective coordination between the various control bodies occurred and a dilemma was created in the cooperative control of air pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Based on the existing research, this study first builds an evolutionary game model to analyse the evolutionary path and stability of cooperative alliance of air pollution control behaviour in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Second, this study explores the core elements of reaching alliances and consolidating cooperative control among cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Last, in combination with the simulation results, this study compares the feasibility of cooperative control among cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region with and without central government constraints. As indicated from the results, without the constraints of the central government, intergovernmental cooperative control is correlated with intercity public benefits, cities’ own benefits, and air pollution losses, whereas it is not effective since it cannot control the phenomenon of “free-riding” by cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Under the control of the central government, a stable strategy among cities can evolve toward a fast and efficient cooperative management. To achieve air pollution control effectively, the air pollution control alliance should be formed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the benefits of cooperation lay the basis for reaching cooperative control. The mentioned findings highlight that (1) the benefits of cooperation lay the basis for cooperative control, (2) punitive policies of central government increase the evolutionary rate of cooperative control, and (3) cooperation costs determine the long-term stability of the alliance.
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20

Yarygina, I. Z., and O. A. Borovikova. "BRICS+ as a Factor of Economic Growth and Investment Development." Economics, taxes & law 12, no. 4 (2019): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/1999-849x-2019-12-4-111-120.

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The subject of the research is the BRICS countries activities. The purpose of the work is to assess the initiatives for creating the intergovernmental cooperation format BRICS+ as a factor of economic development of member states, as well as to suggest ways of the interaction mechanism perfection in the fields of trade, investments, multilateral cooperation of development banks, creating international financial centers and payment systems and making use of national currencies in mutual settlements. It is concluded that it is necessary to form favorable conditions for cooperation within new regional associations with the leading role of Russia, India and China. The urgency of the research lies in the fact that the assessment of achievements and prospects of the countries in the spheres of finance, trade and investments presented in the research allows to draw a conclusion about a positive character of the initiative to create the intergovernmental cooperation format BRICS+ and about advisability to expand multilateral interactions through trade agreements with mutual settlements in national currencies of partner countries, through simplification of investment mechanisms and their respective financial provision, primarily in financing major infrastructural projects that have an integration effect. The authors argue for the importance to create a decentralized integration model of interaction for parties via cooperating of a bigger number of participants, which will enable developing countries to meet global challenges and to solve developmental problems effectively. The authors also emphasize that the creation of BRICS+ is a significant initiative that will contribute to fulfilling the tasks formulated in the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin Decree “About national goals and strategic objectives of the RF development for the period till 2024” and in his message to the Federal Assembly on 20.02.2019.
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Mueller, Sean. "Intergovernmental Cooperation: Rational Choices in Federal Systems and Beyond." Regional & Federal Studies 22, no. 3 (2012): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2012.688277.

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Wallner, Jennifer. "Cooperation without the Leviathan: Intergovernmental policymaking in Canadian education." Regional & Federal Studies 27, no. 4 (2017): 417–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2017.1327429.

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23

Hendy, Peter. "Intergovernmental Relations: Ensuring Informed Cooperation in Strategic Policy Development." Australian Journal of Public Administration 55, no. 1 (1996): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1996.tb01189.x.

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24

Øhrgaard, Jakob C. "'Less than Supranational, More than Intergovernmental': European Political Cooperation and the Dynamics of Intergovernmental Integration." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 26, no. 1 (1997): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298970260010401.

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25

Гарнов, Андрей, Andrey Garnov, В. Топчий, et al. "The Concept of Intergovernmental Integration: Types and Characteristics." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 6, no. 4 (2018): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a5730f479aef4.51254258.

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Nowadays intergovernmental integration plays a great role because it gives an opportunity to shore upeconomic, cultural, political, social relations. There are some types of intergovernmental integration, and each of them has its own characteristics of functioning. Cooperation of counties is a mechanism of external politics realization.
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Sun, Yixian. "Transnational Public-Private Partnerships as Learning Facilitators: Global Governance of Mercury." Global Environmental Politics 17, no. 2 (2017): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00399.

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Drawing from theories of regime interplay and social learning, this article investigates linkages between hybrid governance schemes and intergovernmental regimes. My analytic framework suggests that, by enhancing cooperation among stakeholders, transnational public-private partnerships will facilitate policy-makers’ learning, and accordingly advance the formation of intergovernmental regimes. Here I use qualitative methods to examine the influence of the UNEP Global Mercury Partnership on negotiations over different components of the Minamata Convention on Mercury. Technical and scientific information provided by this partnership helped relevant policy-makers understand the problems to be addressed and some appropriate solutions, thereby accelerating the consensus-making process and shaping the features of certain provisions. I also compare the influences of different partnership areas, revealing that inclusive stakeholder engagement and boundary coordination between different governance schemes are two important conditions for transnational partnerships to promote cooperation in intergovernmental fora.
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Ayvazyan, D. S. "Particularities of the international cooperation in the Black-Caspian Seas region." Post-Soviet Issues 7, no. 2 (2020): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2020-7-2-208-218.

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The paper considers the tendencies of the international cooperation in the Black-Caspian Seas region. Since the collapse of the USSR in 1991, there has been formed the conditions for expanding the cooperation and strengthening the economic relations between the states of the Caspian and Black Seas Region. The paper analyses the international positioning and priorities of the cooperation applied by the regional states, on the basis of which key areas and formats of their interaction are implemented. The results of the cooperation are being studied. They include the creation of intergovernmental organizations and new transit routes for the supply of goods. The influence of the issue of the the legal status of the Caspian sea on cooperation in the Black-Caspian Seas region is also considered. In the context of the conflict of the foreign policy interests, the concept of the regional cooperation has not been formed both on state the intergovernmental level. However, due to the high transit potential of the region, international economic ties are being formed, which is in the interest of all regional states. Regional cooperation is pragmatic and has a limited scale. Expansion of the cooperation is so far possible between the parties that do not have opposing positions on ethnopolitical conflicts.
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SUBIANTO, Agus, H. MASHOED, Hari SUBAGIO, and M. Yunus HARYADI. "Regional intergovernmental cooperation in marine natural resources policy in Indonesia." Administratie si Management Public 34 (May 2020): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/amp/2020.34-06.

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Priyono, Joko, and Achmad Purbo Sudiro. "Intergovernmental Cooperation Mechanisms in Combating Transnational Human Trafficking within ASEAN." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, no. 2 (2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0029.

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The problem of human trafficking that occurs on the borders of Indonesia and the Johor region of Malaysia basically comes from the problem of poverty and the difficulty of job opportunities which consequently are utilized by people or organizations that are not responsible for the sake of obtaining the maximum profit. This study was conducted by considerations that there are no satisfactory explanation of expressing perpetrators of human trafficking both in Indonesia and Johor Malaysia. By using focus group discussion (FGD), the results show that the rights of victims of trafficking have been normatively protected which is strictly regulated in the legislation in Malaysia. This seriousness was also shown by the existence of a special court for human trafficking crime. Data shows that the trend of human trafficking victims is decreasing. The obstacle in the implementation of the protection of victims of human trafficking was the reluctance of the victims of human trafficking to provide testimonials for the purposes of the trial in Johor Malaysia with the intention of avoiding the extension of the judicial process.
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Lenz, Hartmut. "Achieving Effective International Cooperation: How Institutional Formalization Shapes Intergovernmental Negotiations." World Affairs 181, no. 2 (2018): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0043820018791644.

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This article explores how formalization of institutions and domestic constraints influence the outcomes of international cooperation and negotiation processes—particularly in a regional setting like the European Union (EU) or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Examining different forms of institutional setup along the formal-informal continuum, this study evaluates their impact on the successes and failures of intergovernmental negotiation processes. While some scholars have been vocal about the importance of institutional setting on negotiation outcomes, there has not yet been any systematic analysis of the impact of institutional variations on the actual negotiation process. This project specifies under what conditions domestic actors constrain governments, and how these conditions depend on institutional structures. I analyze the impact of institutional variations, concentrating on negotiation failure and deadlock situations, to form a framework that can differentiate between various bargaining situations and to understand their impact on the possibility to facilitate successful negotiation outcomes. The central argument highlights the need for more nuanced connections between institutional design, domestic constraints, and the level of formalization to understand the likelihood of success or failure of intergovernmental negotiation processes.
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Walker, David B. "Intergovernmental relations and the well-governed city: cooperation, confrontation, clarification." National Civic Review 75, no. 2 (1986): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ncr.4100750203.

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32

Komatani, Takeshi S. "Changes in global pharmaceutical patent strategy due to intergovernmental cooperation." Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst 3, no. 2 (2014): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/ppa.14.4.

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Nanavov, A. S., and N. Sh Mamishova. "GUAM TRANSPORT CORRIDOR: POLITICS VS. ECONOMICS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 143 (2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2020.143.1.15-24.

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The ODED-GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development (GUAM) was originated more than two decades ago as a friendly cooperative forum of a few post-Soviet countries committed to Euro-Atlanticism. In 2006 the grouping was transformed into a full-fledged international organization bringing together Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Moldova. Notwithstanding the geostrategic role of cooperation within GUAM in terms of energy security, protracted conflicts, trade links and other key policy areas, the organization has been recurrently failing to create a common front for its member states. It has been mostly with the recent actualization of ambitious trade and transportation projects to engage the four states that GUAM started to “return to the big game” and attract significant attention from governments and scholars. This study explores the political and economic significance of international transport routes within the framework of intergovernmental relations exampling the origins and evolution, strengths and weaknesses of the GUAM Transport Corridor (GUAM TC) project, and also some insights on reingovirating the transport cooperation agenda in the GUAM region.
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May, Peter J., and Raymond J. Burby. "Coercive versus cooperative policies: Comparing intergovernmental mandate performance." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 15, no. 2 (1996): 171–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6688(199621)15:2<171::aid-pam2>3.0.co;2-g.

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35

Chandler, P. P. "US—Soviet intergovernmental agreement on cooperative space activities." Space Policy 2, no. 1 (1986): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-9646(86)90007-x.

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Setyowati, Kristina, and Tya Astriyani. "Inter-Governmental Relation in City Bus Public Transportation Service in Surakarta in Indonesia." GATR Journal of Management and Marketing Review 2, no. 3 (2017): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2017.2.3(21).

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Objective - The objective of research was to determine the intergovernmental relation in public transport services. It also aims to identify the inter-governmental Relation in the service of Batik Solo Trans viewed from the cooperation type, the cooperation process and examined using three aspects: sharing of benefits, sharing of burden and sharing of experience. Methodology/Technique - The research method was qualitative descriptive one with interview and documentation as the technique of collecting data. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling on. Data validation was carried out using method triangulation and data analysis using an interactive data analysis. Findings – Considering the result of research, it could be found that the type of inter- Governmental Relation in BST Service was the collective agreement without certain pact document. The cooperation process was done in coordinative manner. The cooperation showed the existence of benefit sharing between the areas involved. Besides, cooperation was also used as the media of sharing experiences, but it didn't show the distribution of responsibility. Novelty - The study recommends that there should be an agreement document specifically governing the intergovernmental cooperation in BST service, enabling the sharing of burdens so that the cooperation can be proposed with the distribution of responsibility between the areas involved. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Inter-Regional Relation; Cooperation; Public Transport Service, City Bus. JEL Classification: O18, O31.
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Ismail-Zadeh, Alik. "Geoscience international: the role of scientific unions." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 7, no. 2 (2016): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-7-103-2016.

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Abstract. International geoscientific unions (geounions) have been coordinating and promoting international efforts in Earth and space sciences since the beginning of the 20th century. Thousands of scientists from many nations and specific scientific disciplines have developed ways of cooperation through international unions and learned how to work together to promote basic geosciences. The unions have been initiating, developing, and implementing international cooperative programmes, setting scientific standards, developing research tools, educating and building capacity, and contributing to science for policy. This paper analyses the role of geounions in and their added value to the promotion of geoscience internationally in the arena of the existing and emerging professional societies of geoscientists. The history of the geounions and the development of international cooperation in geosciences are reviewed in the paper in the context of scientific and political changes over the last century. History is considered here to be a key element in understanding and shaping the future of geounions. Scientific and organisational aspects of their activities, including cooperation with international and intergovernmental institutions, are analysed using the example of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). The geounions' activities are compared to those of professional societies. Future development of scientific unions and their role in the changing global landscape of geosciences are discussed.
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38

Gunlicks, Arthur B. "German Federalism and Recent Reform Efforts." German Law Journal 6, no. 10 (2005): 1283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200014322.

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In both the United States and Germany constitutional lawyers, politicians, and the attentive public speak of “dual federalism.” In the United States this means that the federal government and the states have separate political and administrative responsibilities and their own sources of revenues. In Germany, in contrast, dual federalism means that the federal government, i.e., the executive and legislative branches, are responsible for most legislation, and that the Länder (states; singular, Land) generally administer the laws (in large part through their local governments) on their own responsibility. In both federal systems “dual federalism” has been undermined if not replaced by “cooperative federalism,” generally associated with the New Deal era in the United States and the Finance Reform of 1969 in Germany. In the meantime “intergovernmental relations” has more or less replaced the concept of “cooperative federalism” in the United States, while Politikverflechtung (political/policy interconnection and coordination) is perhaps the more commonly used term in Germany today. In both cases the new terms reflect an interrelationship among federal, regional, and local levels that goes beyond mere cooperation.
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39

Shunyu, Wang. "Dilemma and Breakthrough of Intergovernmental Cooperation in Ecological Environmental Protection Management." E3S Web of Conferences 292 (2021): 03035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129203035.

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With the development of economy, the attention of ecological environment is increasing day by day, and the ecological environment has its special integrity, which makes the local governments cooperate in governance. Local governments for environmental protection industry and environmental division and governance program differences and local responsibilities and other issues, environmental governance intergovernmental cooperation is facing difficulties. Through the establishment of shared interests, strengthening incentives, changing models to create a new inter-governmental governance path, mining suitable for China’s current development of inter-governmental cooperation environmental governance path, to promote the benign development of environmental protection industry governance advice.
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40

Masriadi, Masriadi. "Intergovernmental Cooperation in provisioning Educational Goods and Service (Study on Intergovernmental on Providence Free Education in South Sulawesi)." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19, no. 4 (2014): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-19433239.

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41

Chudinova, Lyudmila, Sergei Podkovalnikov, and Ivan Trofimov. "Multilateral cooperation for power interconnection in Northeast Asia." E3S Web of Conferences 27 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20182701001.

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Considered is experience of electric power integration in different parts of the world with emphasis on bilateral/multilateral interstate structures intended for promotion and development of interstate power grids. Analysed are Northeast Asian intergovernmental structures providing bilateral energy and power cooperation between Russia and other countries of the region. Multilateral cooperation in the field is just emerging, but should play a key role in promotion and development of Northeast Asian power grid.
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42

West, Tim, Steve Miller, Tom Zdunek, Kim McKibben, Roger Paul, and David Albright. "Intergovernmental Cooperation in Benchmarking a Local Government Continuity-of-Operations Exercise." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2041, no. 1 (2008): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2041-02.

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43

Miranda, A. S. "Intergovernmental health policy decisions in Brazil: cooperation strategies for political mediation." Health Policy and Planning 22, no. 3 (2007): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czm004.

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44

Popova, Natalia, Marina Kvint, and Aleksei Dementyev. "Interaction in transportation as the basis for implementation of intergovernmental cooperation." MATEC Web of Conferences 216 (2018): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821601014.

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The purpose of this paper is to define the role and place of the transportation component of the adjacent subjects of two countries in their economic potential for implementation of intergovernmental cooperation. The role and place of the transportation component in estimation of the benefits of the transportation and geographical position becomes evident only when the population, resources and economy of the border regions are jointly analyzed. The analysis of such parameters of the border regions of Russia (Western Siberia) and Kazakhstan performed by means of comparison and association of their economic and transportation potentials, showed that territorial production complexes in them have been developed, and the prospective development within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union will be determined by the joint use of the benefits of the transportation and geographic position implemented with participation of railway transport.
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45

León, Sandra, and Mónica Ferrín Pereira. "Intergovernmental Cooperation in a Decentralised System: the Sectoral Conferences in Spain." South European Society and Politics 16, no. 4 (2011): 513–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2011.602849.

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46

Conteh, Charles. "Managing intergovernmental contracts: The Canada-Manitoba cooperation on regional economic development." Canadian Public Administration 55, no. 2 (2012): 269–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-7121.2012.00217.x.

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47

Botterill, Linda Courtenay. "Managing Intergovernmental Relations in Australia: The Case of Agricultural Policy Cooperation." Australian Journal of Public Administration 66, no. 2 (2007): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2007.00527.x.

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48

Liang, Junjie (Jasper), and Sixuan (Alice) Li. "Interpretation of China’s Global Advocacy for Renewable Energy through Lenses of Liberalism as an International Relations Theory." International Journal on Engineering, Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijonest.39.

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There has been numerous literature analysing the international expansion of renewable energy utilizing realism as an International Relations theory from both For and Against perspectives, such as casting doubt on fair cooperation or urging individual states to catch up with the global competition. This paper attempts to offer an alternative explanation to the international cooperation between China and the world in the field of renewable energy through the lenses of liberalism. The role and influence of liberalism in explaining this phenomenon will be presented in the form of compare and contrast between liberalism and realism, with secondary theories included such as institutional liberalism, idealism and democratic peace theory. The rapid growth of renewable energy globally in recent decades could be attributed to individual states’ policies, intergovernmental cooperation and advocacy by international organizations. The paper demonstrates that China’s ability to develop renewable energy can be correspondingly attributed to its willingness to cooperate under the framework of liberalism. It actively participates in international agreements, works with international organizations, and trades with other countries. With cooperative efforts, it succeeds in mitigating the traditional energy crisis and further promoting energy transition. In conclusion, liberalism provides a more accurate and innovative explanation to China`s advocacy for renewable energy compared to realism, and it can be argued that China’s model of energy transformation could be learned by the international community to tackle climate change.
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49

SHCHYPTSOV, O. A. "Future decade of ocean science: prospects of interaction of Ukraine with the intergovernmental oceanographic commission of UNESCO." Geology and Mineral Resources of World Ocean 16, no. 3 (2020): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gpimo2020.03.076.

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The article considers the prospects of Ukraine’s cooperation with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO in the scope of the forthcoming United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. According to the resolution adopted on the 72nd Session of the UN General Assembly, the Decade is to begin on January 1, 2021 and take place within the existing structures and available resources. The purpose of the Decade is to implement the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals, namely “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC), maintained by Member States, facilitates international cooperation and the coordination of programs to deepen knowledge about the nature and resources of the oceans and coastal areas. The IOC is currently finalizing draft implementation plan for the Decade (2021—2030) in consultation with Member States, specialized agencies, funds, programs and bodies of the United Nations, as well as other intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations and relevant stakeholders with the aim to identify specific objectives, crosscutting issues and key Decade`s themes. Ukraine’s membership in the IOC UNESCO is strategically focused on expanding international cooperation of domestic scientific and educational institutions by ensuring their participation in the program activities of the organization. There should be only one national coordinating body for liaison with the Commission within each IOC member state. Unfortunately, in Ukraine there is no such legitimate coordinating body today. Considering the intergovernmental character of the Commission, this officially designated body is governmental by nature and relies on institutional basis as well as answers directly to a ministry. Therefore, in accordance with the requirements of the IOC UNESCO it is necessary to establish the Interdepartmental National Oceanographic Commission as a national coordinating body in Ukraine that will determine one or two coordinators, a professional national correspondent in the relevant IOC field, as well as representatives of intergovernmental programs and thematic groups.
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Nurmetova, Fazilat. "DEVELOPMENT OF UZBEKISTAN-SOUTH KOREA RELATIONS (2000-2020)." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 6, no. 3 (2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2020-6-5.

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The article states that the Uzbek-South Korean economic relations have reached a new level, in particular, the Joint Statement of the Heads of State on the comprehensive deepening of the Strategic Partnership, the Memorandum of Cooperation between the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Ministry of Human Resources, 2018-2020. Intergovernmental Agreement on Loans from the Fund for Economic Development and Cooperation and the Fund for Reconstruction and Development of Uzbekistan Export-Import Bank of Korea, an agreement on financial cooperation relations have been analyzed using scientific publications and Internet services.
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