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Journal articles on the topic 'Intergovernmental transfers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Yun Won, Hwang. "Strategies for Implementing Intergovernmental Transfers to Foster Local Development in Korea." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2009): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps24204.

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This study proposes policy implementation strategies of intergovernmental transfers for local development in Korea. Based on the previous empirical research findings, the study assumes a positive relationship between fiscal decentralization and local economic growth. Once a positive relationship is assumed, the study goes on to analyze the utilities and strategies of intergovernmental transfers for local economic development in Korea. Before getting into a discussion of the Korean intergovernmental transfers system, the study briefly reviews the theoretical basis of intergovernmental transfers. Followed by is the analysis of the current system of intergovernmental transfers in Korea. Implementation strategies for local development will be proposed in the last section of the paper as the major thrust of the study. Research results suggest that the follwing policy measures should be considered: (1) restructuring the local tax system along with the intergovernmentqal transfers system; (2) adopting grants-centered intergovernmental transfers system; (3) establishing capital-focused grants system; (4) restructuring balanced national development special account grants; (5) combining the local education shared tax with the general local shared tax; (6) encouraging proactive local borrowings; (7) deregulating local transfer funds management; (8) institutionalizing effective monitoring mechanism in local transfers distribution; and (9) adopting quality assurance evaluation system.

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2

Muñoz, Andrés Felipe, Gustavo Axel, and Claudia Bone. "Subnational Fiscal Disparities and Intergovernmental Transfers in LAC." Revista Hacienda Pública Española 219, no. 4 (2016): 35–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.16.4.2.

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3

Ponce Rodríguez, Raúl Alberto, and Benito Alan Ponce Rodríguez. "An Analysis of Optimal Tax Revenue Sharing for Mexico." Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas 17, no. 2 (November 26, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21919/remef.v17i2.523.

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We develop an analysis that identifies the characteristics of an optimal system of shared tax collection and intergovernmental transfers. Mathematical optimization is used to find the level of taxes and intergovernmental transfers. Formulas for the optimal level of taxes and transfers to subnational governments are characterized. We suggest reforms to intergovernmental transfers to include the costs of tax inefficiency, some tax equalization transfer rules, and the marginal social benefits of local public spending. Future research could include local public spending with regional externalities, migration, and consider a dynamic model. This article proposes an original theoretical model of optimal tax coordination and transfers. The optimal level of taxes and transfers are identified. This paper proposes reforms to the participation formula for subnational governments.

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4

Sarnetska, Yana. "PRIORITIES FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF INTERBUDGETARY TRANSFERS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN UKRAINE." EUREKA: Social and Humanities 1 (January 31, 2020): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2020.001140.

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The article is devoted to the problem of the distribution of intergovernmental transfers in Ukraine, taking into account fiscal decentralization trends. To perform the delegated functions, local governments need to have sufficient funding. However, the revenues of local budgets are insufficient to cover all necessary expenses. Therefore, inter-budget transfers, which in Ukraine are the main instrument of financial equalization, play an important role in ensuring the implementation of delegated powers by local governments. The aim of the article is determination of the priorities for the distribution of intergovernmental transfers in Ukraine in the context of fiscal decentralization. The research methodology combines quantitative and qualitative methods. Using quantitative methods, the principles of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine are observed through the mechanism of distribution of intergovernmental transfers. Using high-quality methods and based on the analysis, the priorities of the distribution of inter-budget transfers in the context of fiscal decentralization are formulated. An analysis of foreign publications on fiscal decentralization has shown that the uncertainty of priorities in this area reduces the effectiveness of fiscal decentralization and inhibits the economic development of regions. Prioritization of the distribution of intergovernmental transfers is preceded by the definition of principles for the distribution of intergovernmental transfers. Based on the results of a quantitative analysis, namely, the identified dynamics of fiscal decentralization indicators and the impact of the distribution of intergovernmental transfers on economic development, the following priorities for the distribution of intergovernmental transfers in fiscal decentralization are identified: supporting the prevalence of targeted transfers over non-targeted transfers, increasing the share of capital transfers, increasing the accountability of local authorities self-government regarding the use of funds received in the form of intergovernmental budget transfers.

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5

Ali, Agha Iqbal, Catherine S. Lerme, and Robert A. Nakosteen. "Assessment of intergovernmental revenue transfers." Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 27, no. 2 (June 1993): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0121(93)90011-7.

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6

Rao, M. G., and A. Das-Gupta. "Intergovernmental Transfers and Poverty Alleviation." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 13, no. 1 (March 1995): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c130001.

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7

Ye, Bing, and Xunyong Xiang. "Intergovernmental transfers and tax noncompliance." International Tax and Public Finance 27, no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 312–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-019-09554-9.

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8

Furukawa, Mitsuaki, and Junichiro Takahata. "General Budget Support in Tanzania." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 9, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-07-2017-0170.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze late disbursements for service delivery by focusing on donors’ General Budget Support disbursement to Tanzania and on the intergovernmental money flows in Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach The authors examined empirical analysis using statistics of intergovernmental transfers in Tanzania. Findings This paper shows that such center-local transfers are significantly correlated with the timing of local government expenditures in general and health expenditures in particular. It also shows that development expenditures are more affected than recurrent expenditures by delays in the transfer. Practical implications In order to improve service delivery on the ground, the transfers from donors to the central government and from the central government to local governments need to be timely. Originality/value The authors examined empirical analysis using statistics of intergovernmental transfers in Tanzania so as to see whether timing of transfers matters or not, which has not been considered thus far.

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9

McMichael, Taylor C. "Electoral Strategy and Intergovernmental Transfers in Postwar Japan." Asian Survey 58, no. 5 (September 2018): 847–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2018.58.5.847.

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Japanese distributive politics draws scholarly attention as a partial but powerful explanation of the LDP’s electoral dominance via the contention that the LDP rewarded its supporters and punished its opponents. But the empirical evidence disappears when intergovernmental transfers, which can be tracked to electoral constituencies, are examined. Using intergovernmental transfer data, this article tests four separate hypotheses.

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10

Shah, Anwar. "A Practitioner’s Guide to Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers." Revista de Economía y Estadística 44, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 127–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55444/2451.7321.2006.v44.n2.4088.

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Intergovernmental fiscal transfers are a dominant feature of sub-national finance in most countries. They are used to ensure that revenues roughly match the expenditure needs of various orders (levels) of sub-national governments. They are also used to advance national, regional and local area objectives such as fairness and equity and creating a common economic union. The structure of these transfers create incentives for national, regional and local governments that have a bearing on fiscal management, macroeconomic stability, distributional equity, allocative efficiency and public services delivery. This paper reviews conceptual, empirical and the practice literature to distill lessons of policy interest in designing the fiscal transfers to create the right incentives for prudent fiscal managment and competitive and innovative service delivery. The paper provides practical guidance on the design of performance-oriented transfers that emphasize bottom-up, client- focused and results-based government accountability. It cites examples of simple but innovative grant designs that can satisfy grantors’ objectives while preserving local autonomy and creating an enabling environment for responsive, responsible, equitable and accountable public governance. The paper further provides guidance on the design and the practice of equalization transfers for regional fiscal equity as well as the institutional arrangements for implementation of such transfer mechanisms. The paper concludes with negative (practices to avoid) and positive (practices to emulate) lessons from international practices.

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11

Bergvall, Daniel, Claire Charbit, Dirk-Jan Kraan, and Olaf Merk. "Intergovernmental Transfers and Decentralised Public Spending." OECD Journal on Budgeting 5, no. 4 (September 28, 2006): 111–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/budget-v5-art24-en.

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12

Osiolo, Helen Hoka. "Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and Fiscal Capacity." International Journal of Public Administration 40, no. 2 (March 31, 2016): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1094089.

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13

Furukawa, Akiyoshi. "Agglomeration, migration cost and intergovernmental transfers." Applied Economics Letters 24, no. 7 (July 2, 2016): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2016.1200177.

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14

Silver, Christopher, Iwan J. Azis, and Larry Schroeder. "INTERGOVERNMENTAL TRANSFERS AND DECENTRALISATION IN INDONESIA." Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 37, no. 3 (December 2001): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00074910152669172.

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15

Veiga, Linda Gonçalves, and Francisco José Veiga. "Intergovernmental fiscal transfers as pork barrel." Public Choice 155, no. 3-4 (August 19, 2011): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11127-011-9863-2.

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16

Huang, Bihong, and Kang Chen. "Are intergovernmental transfers in China equalizing?" China Economic Review 23, no. 3 (September 2012): 534–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2012.01.001.

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17

Abbott, Andrew, and Philip Jones. "Intergovernmental transfers and procyclical public spending." Economics Letters 115, no. 3 (June 2012): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.12.104.

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18

Kikuchi, Yuya, and Toshiki Tamai. "Tax competition, unemployment, and intergovernmental transfers." International Tax and Public Finance 26, no. 4 (February 26, 2019): 899–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-019-09533-0.

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19

Rutto, Andrew, David Minja, and George Kosimbei. "Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and Decentralization Initiatives in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of SNGs in Kenya." SDMIMD Journal of Management 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/sdmimd/2022/29505.

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<p>Intergovernmental fiscal transfer is a pillar of fiscal decentralization initiatives in developing and transition economies. These transfers serve several functions that include: correcting the vertical and the horizontal fiscal balances, compensating or offsetting for the spill-overs or externalities between different jurisdictions, funding national priorities and administrative priorities and capacities of the national. However, SNGs in developing countries particularly in Sub-saharan Africa is struggling with fiscal decentralization initiatives due to the lowered potential of local revenue generation. Due to these gaps in studies on Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers (IGFT) in devolved government structures, the study evaluated how IGFT is organized and structured in Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive design and undertook a review of publicly available data which was supported by interviews of selected directors from the budget, finance and planning departments in three county governments of Baringo, Kiambu and Vihiga. The study established that intergovernmental fiscal transfers make up 87 per cent of SNG revenues, equalization fund is about 2 per cent while own source revenues make up 10 per cent. Other revenue sources are conditional transfers in form of ad hoc and cost-reimbursement approaches from both the national government and development partners. Regarding intergovernmental fiscal transfers, the national government should disburse funds in a timely and efficient manner to enable county governments to fulfil their mandates. The study makes the following conclusions; there is an overreliance on intergovernmental fiscal transfers by SNGs and this might constrain their capacity to provide services and impede devolution initiatives; the formula-based unconditional grant in Kenya offers great prospects for devolution and the rise in unconditional transfers portends well for SNGs. The study recommends that SNGs speed up the legal mechanism for identifying and classifying and assigning local revenues, the national government should consider introducing or substituting fiscal transfers with the tax-sharing arrangement to incentivize revenue diversification among SNGs and lastly, SNGs should consider pooling of resources to incorporate special purpose vehicles for sub-national government borrowing. The study contributes to the existing knowledge by delving more into the elements of fiscal decentralization and in particular intergovernmental fiscal transfers. Recommendations for further studies include studies on how other elements of decentralization impact the performance of the counties, how decentralization is improving governance at the local level and how the East African Community may affect governance and service delivery at the sub-national levels.</p>

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20

GORDIN, JORGE P. "Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations, ‘Argentine Style’." Journal of Public Policy 26, no. 3 (October 30, 2006): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x06000535.

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This study assesses the explanatory power of two competing views about intergovernmental fiscal transfers; one emphasizing the traditional neoclassical approach to federal-subnational fiscal relations and the other suggesting that transfers are contingent on the political fortunes and current political vulnerability of each level of government. These models are tested using data from Argentina, a federation exhibiting one of the most decentralised fiscal systems in the world and severe imbalances in the territorial distribution of legislative and economic resources. Over-represented provinces ruled by governors who belong to parties different to that controlling the national executive can bring into play their representational advantages to attract shares of federal transfers beyond social welfare criteria. This finding suggests that decision makers in federal countries must pay close heed to the need to synchronize institutional reforms and fiscal adjustment.

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21

Muinelo-Gallo, Leonel, Adrián Rodríguez-Miranda, and Pablo Castro-Scavone. "Intergovernmental Transfers and Regional Income Inequalities: An Empirical Analysis of Uruguay." Revista Hacienda Pública Española 219, no. 4 (2016): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.16.4.1.

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22

Yushkov, A. O., N. Yu Oding, and L. I. Savulkin. "Transfer-dependent regions of Russia: Scenarious for increasing the budget revenues." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-12-46-65.

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The article discusses the current state and development prospects of transferdependent regions of Russia (recipient regions). Transfer-dependent regions are defined as regions with the share of intergovernmental transfers in their total revenues exceeding 25%. The paper presents a new classification of recipient regions, where regions are divided according to the degree of their transfer dependence, as well as the growth rate of tax revenues. Based on the analysis of intergovernmental transfers, the dynamics of tax revenues and regional government debt, as well as the structure of the regional economy, the paper proposes various scenarios for changing the tax system and discusses the potential results of their implementation for the budgets of the recipient regions.

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23

MCMICHAEL, TAYLOR C. "When Formulas Go Political: The Curious Case of Japan's Financial Index." Japanese Journal of Political Science 18, no. 3 (August 4, 2017): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109917000093.

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AbstractScholars of distributive politics in Japan have shifted from large items in the general account budget to more geographically targeted spending known as intergovernmental transfers. However, a portion of the funds sent to prefectural governments are ostensibly determined by the apolitical ‘financial index’. However, even though the financial index is included in most studies of intergovernmental transfers, only slight attention focuses on the financial index and its determination. Using prefectural level data on intergovernmental transfers, economic indicators and electoral support for the LDP, this research shows that the LDP possesses strong incentives to manipulate the index and that politics is a significant determinant of the financial index.

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24

Murniasih, Erny, and M. Syarif Mulyadi. "Pengaruh Transfer Pemerintah Pusat terhadap Perilaku Fiskal Pemerintah Daerah di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 12, no. 1 (July 1, 2011): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v12i1.291.

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Over the last decade of Indonesia's fiscal decentralization era, the amount of intergovernmental fiscal transfers has increased substantially. The increase of intergovernmental fiscal transfers is expected to reduce the burden of local economy without sacrificing the quality of public service. This study aims to investigate whether the block grant transfer affect the spending behavior of local government. Using Pool Least Square method and taking East Kalimantan Province as case study, this study found the existance of flypaper effect. This finding emphasize the view of any increase in block grant of transfer will only induce higher spending. Therefore, in order to achieve the independency of local government as the objective of decentralization, some efforts should be taken to minimize the impact of flypaper effect.

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25

Ponce Rodríguez, Raúl Alberto, and Benito Alan Ponce Rodríguez. "Regional Heterogeneity of Preferences and Intergovernmental Transfers." Economies 9, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9010033.

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We develop a model with optimal shares of intergovernmental transfers, and we apply a simulation analysis of our model for the case of Mexico. The main outcomes of this paper are as follows: First, we provide optimal shares of intergovernmental funds to be allocated in each state considering the regional distribution of the benefits of local public spending in Mexico. Second, our analysis shows that the regional heterogeneity of preferences across regions should be an important determinant of federal funds allocated to state governments. Third, the current system of finance relies on a tax revenue sharing accord that emphasizes nationwide tax collection issues as the main determinants of intergovernmental transfers and local spending. Our analysis provides a contrast between how fiscal policy is conducted, and feasible choices of policy reform. Fourth, our analysis of simulation identifies winners and losers from policy reform, and so our analysis contributes to a better understanding of the advantages and shortcomings of the current policy of intergovernmental transfers, providing feasible ways to improve the outcomes of subnational government spending.

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26

Taiwo, Kayode. "Intergovernmental Transfers and Own Revenues of Subnational Governments in Nigeria." Revista Hacienda Pública Española 240, no. 1 (March 2022): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.22.1.2.

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The paper explores the effect of intergovernmental transfers on the own revenues of subnational governments in Nigeria. This study employs the instrumental variables (IV) model to establish the impact of annual variation in intergovernmental transfers on the own revenues of subnational governments. The study reveals that states depend mainly on transfers from the federal government to run their operations; and transfers to second-level administrative units, states in Nigeria crowd out own revenues. A 1 percent rise in transfers leads to about 0.65 percent reduction in own revenues per capita. Also, the drive for own revenues goes down in the election year.

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27

ISHIKAWA, Yoshifumi. "Economic Impacts of the Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers." Studies in Regional Science 29, no. 3 (1998): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2457/srs.29.3_131.

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28

Sato, Motohiro. "Intergovernmental Transfers, Governance Structure and Fiscal Decentralization." Japanese Economic Review 53, no. 1 (March 2002): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5876.00213.

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29

Hickey, Ross. "Intergovernmental transfers and re-election concerned politicians." Economics of Governance 16, no. 4 (April 24, 2015): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10101-015-0166-9.

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30

Zabalza, Antoni, and Julio López-Laborda. "The new Spanish system of intergovernmental transfers." International Tax and Public Finance 18, no. 6 (August 31, 2011): 750–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-011-9192-x.

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31

Joanis, Marcelin. "The Politics of Checkbook Federalism." Public Finance Review 46, no. 4 (December 14, 2016): 665–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142116679728.

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This article adopts the perspective of second-generation fiscal-federalism theory to provide an empirical assessment of Canada’s intergovernmental fiscal arrangements. In the context of the literature on the political economy of intergovernmental grant programs, it examines the influence of political considerations on the evolution of the Canadian fiscal arrangements under the Constitution Act of 1982. Fixed-effect regression results exploiting data from the 1982 to 2012 period show a statistically significant relationship between changes in both federal and provincial electoral variables and changes in a province’s total federal transfer revenues. Changes to social transfers appear to be more reactive to changes in the political environment than do changes in equalization transfers.

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32

Mikhaylova, A. A., V. V. Klimanov, and A. I. Safina. "The impact of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on economic growth and the structure ofthe regional economy." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 28, 2018): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-1-91-103.

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The article studies the influence of various types of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on economic growth in Russia. With the help of econometric models, the authors show that the Russian practice testifies to the influence of certain types of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on economic growth; in addition, the hypothesis about the effects of transfers for specific purposes on the transformation of the regional economy structure is confirmed. In particular, this conclusion is put forward by the example of the industry “Agriculture, hunting and forestry”.

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33

Kadochnikov, P., S. Sinelnikov-Murylev, I. Trunin, and S. Chetverikov. "Redistribution of Regional Incomes within the Framework of the System of Interbudgetary Relations in Russia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 20, 2003): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2003-10-77-93.

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The authors analyze the equalization properties of the present system of resource allocation among budgets of different levels in Russia (allocation of tax revenue and intergovernmental transfers). They consider the actual impact of the following federal fiscal instruments on the regional income distribution: the system of intergovernmental transfers, the system of federal tax revenue sharing between federal and regional budgets and the federal net tax on the region.

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34

Freille, Sebastián, and Marcelo Capello. "Electoral effects of intergovernmental fiscal transfers: An application to local elections in the province of Cordoba, 1995-2011." Revista de Economía y Estadística 52, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.55444/2451.7321.2014.v52.n1.14938.

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We examine the impact of decentralized public policy in the form of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on local election outcomes –the probability of reelection. We assemble a new and unique dataset recording every local executive election in the period 1995-2011 and examine the electoral effect of various types of intergovernmental fiscal transfers. We find that the odds of reelecting local incumbents are increasing in the incumbency dummies for both major parties. Local governments which receive a positive discretionary transfer from the provincial government have also associated higher odds of being reelected. The probability of reelection is also increasing in the difference in the vote share between the winner and the runner-up in the previous election. Finally, we find evidence that the amount of discretionary transfers per capita affect positively the probability of reelection only in those governments aligned with the provincial government. Our results are robust to controlling for other potential explanatory variables.

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35

Arlashkin, I. Yu. "Intergovernmental Fiscal Instruments for Stimulating Regional Economic Growth in Russia." Financial Journal 12, no. 6 (2020): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2020-6-54-68.

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The article examines the instruments used in intergovernmental fiscal relations in order to promote economic growth of the regions of the Russian Federation. The task of stimulating regional economic growth is relevant in the need for the Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation until 2025 to be implemented. The article deals with various instruments of tax decentralization as well as three main types of fiscal transfers: “grants” (primarily equalization or balancing transfers), “subsidies” (earmarked co-funding transfers), and “other intergovernmental transfers” (other earmarked transfers). All these instruments are assessed from the standpoint of stimulating economic growth with special attention being paid to the tools used by regional governments to promote local economic growth. The article summarizes the results of the main econometric studies on the topic. As a result of the present study, it is shown that the main instruments for stimulating regional economic growth are earmarked transfers (primarily capital transfers) and decentralization of taxes on income (primarily corporate income tax). At the same time, since 2015 “other intergovernmental transfers” have been playing a more significant role in stimulating economic growth than “subsidies”, which is associated with an increase in the equalizing effect of the latter. Decentralization of property taxes has most likely not had a significant impact on regional economic growth, and the negative effect of equalizing transfers (“grants”) is smoothed out by special clauses built into the methodology for their distribution.

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36

Yushkov, A. O., and M. V. Alexeev. "The fiscal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Russian regions: An overview of federal support measures." Journal of the New Economic Association 51, no. 3 (2021): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2021-51-3-13.

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The Russian regions were negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. In most regions, corporate income tax revenues and small business tax revenues significantly declined, while heath care and social policy expenditures increased. The federal government responded to this challenge by increasing federal transfers to regions by roughly 50% compared to 2019 (up to 3,8, trill RUB.) Despite significant federal fiscal support, many transfers were nontransparent and irregular, while the structure of intergovernmental transfers and the strategy used by the federal government were changing considerably throughout the year. In this article, we analyze the structure of federal fiscal support to the regions and compare the largest intergovernmental transfers in 2020 and 2019 by their type (unconditional transfers, subsidies, subventions, and other transfers). We pay particular attention to non-transparent forms of federal fiscal support, namely, discretionary unconditional transfers and other transfers from the reserve fund of the Russian federal government.

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37

Sergienko, Ivan V., and Victor V. Semenov. "Modeling the System of Intergovernmental Transfers in Ukraine." Journal of Automation and Information Sciences 45, no. 8 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jautomatinfscien.v45.i8.10.

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38

Espino, Emilio. "Should Intergovernmental Transfers Provide Insurance to the States?" Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 161, no. 1 (2005): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/0932456054254434.

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39

Golovanova, N. V. "Intergovernmental Transfers: Diversity of Terms and Russian Practice." Financial Journal, no. 2 (2018): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31107/2075-1990-2018-2-24-35.

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40

Blöchliger, Hansjörg, and Balázs Égert. "Intergovernmental Transfers: Are they pro- or counter-cyclical?" ECONOMIA PUBBLICA, no. 3 (April 2018): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ep2017-003001.

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41

Bird, Richard M., and Michael Smart. "Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers: International Lessons for Developing Countries." World Development 30, no. 6 (June 2002): 899–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(02)00016-5.

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42

Jack, William. "Comparing the Distortionary Effects of Alternative Intergovernmental Transfers." Public Finance Review 33, no. 4 (July 2005): 488–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142105275168.

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43

Bahl, Roy. "The Design of Intergovernmental Transfers in Industrialized Countries." Public Budgeting & Finance 6, no. 4 (December 1986): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5850.00725.

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44

Abbott, Andrew, René Cabral, and Philip Jones. "Incumbency and Distributive Politics: Intergovernmental Transfers in Mexico." Southern Economic Journal 84, no. 2 (July 24, 2017): 484–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/soej.12226.

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Sa/Ğbaﬁ, Sa, and Nac Tolga Saruçş. "Intergovernmental Transfers and the Flypaper Effect in Turkey." Turkish Studies 5, no. 2 (June 21, 2004): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1468384042000228602.

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SCHROEDER, LARRY. "Unconditional Intergovernmental Transfers to Finance Decentralization in Albania." Public Budgeting & Finance 27, no. 2 (June 2007): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5850.2007.00874.x.

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Wongpredee, Achakorn, and Tatchalerm Sudhipongpracha. "The Politics of Intergovernmental Transfers in Northeast Thailand." Journal of Developing Societies 30, no. 3 (August 22, 2014): 343–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x14536974.

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Khawaja, Idrees, and Musleh Ud Din Musleh Ud Din. "Intergovernmental Transfers: An Evaluation of Mechanism and Design of Transfers in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v52i1pp.45-68.

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The 7th National Finance Commission (NFC) Award has seemingly put an end to the deadlock over revenue distribution among the constituents of the federation in Pakistan. This paper argues that though the 7th NFC Award’s use of multiple indicator criteria for the distribution of resources is a step forward in the right direction, the distribution design still falls short on various counts. For example, the weight of 82 percent for the population share is on the higher side whereas the demographic structure of the population, an important indicator of the expenditure needs, does not figure up in the distribution design. Also, the basis of weights assigned to the four elements of the revenue distribution criteria is unknown and no rigorous exercise seems to have been undertaken to determine these weights. Similarly, matching grants, which are a key element of the distribution design elsewhere, are altogether absent in Pakistan. Furthermore, provinces still rely on large transfers from the centre which undermines the incentives of the provinces to generate their own revenues. The paper emphasises that there is a need to rethink the mechanisms for resource sharing as well as the institutional structure of the NFC itself. JEL Classification: H77 Keywords: Intergovernmental Transfers

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Pysmennyi, Vitalii. "Subventions in income generation of local budgets in Ukraine." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 1(87) (October 1, 2018): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.01.034.

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The article considers the national practice of generating local budget revenues through subventions. It is stressed that within intergovernmental relations they provide an opportunity to allocate a fixed amount of funds from a higher-level budget to a lower-level budget in order to balance the latter, when there is an excess of expenditure over revenue. It is pointed out that the growth of their percentage results in reduced motivation of local authorities to increase their financial base, inertia of regional elite and dependency. It is also noted that within intergovernmental relations subventions play a key role in government support for social initiatives of local bodies and capital investments. They act as social transfers which provide approximately the same level of public goods and services across regions. An increase in the percentage of subventions within intergovernmental transfers positively affects the social environment of the regions. It is reasoned that the implementation of a new version of the Budget Code of Ukraine has made it possible to systematically use government support through intergovernmental transfers. In particular, local budgets would receive educational and medical subventions for carrying out investment projects. It is obvious that social support for local development is essential and undisputable, even though it diverts significant funds from the implementation of economic programmes and measures. A particular attention is paid to subventions for the implementation of investment projects which are seen as intergovernmental transfers that stimulate sustainable development of the territories. However, differences in geographical location, climate conditions, demographics and other factors impede its full availability to depressed regions. The relative weight of these subventions has been rather low and ultimately deteriorating to their successful functioning.

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Huang, Bin, Yunxia Dong, Jingjing Miao, and Caiqun Xu. "Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers and County-Level Education Expenditure in China." ECNU Review of Education 1, no. 3 (September 2018): 116–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30926/ecnuroe2018010306.

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Purpose The purpose of the paper is to investigate the impact of various types of intergovernmental fiscal transfers on local public education expenditure at the county level in China and to estimate the leakage of categorical subsidies for rural compulsory education. Design/Approach/Methods It is a quantitative study. The paper constructs a quantile regression model and adopt data collected in 2007 for 1,985 counties in China to examine the impact of relevant fiscal transfers. Findings The results reveal that most intergovernmental fiscal transfers exert a substitution effect on the local education expenditure, whereas subsidies for rural compulsory education from the Central Government have a crowding-out effect on education investments from local financial resources. Although the subsidy program generally narrows the education expenditure disparity across counties, there are heterogeneous effects across different regions. Originality/Value The paper estimates and compares the impact of fiscal transfers on both the level and disparity of local public education in different regions, and provides a possible explanation for the crowding-out effect of fiscal transfers in China.

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