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1
Harhous, Zeina. "Deciphering the Interlink between STAT3 and MAPKs in Ischemia/Reperfusion and Ischemic Conditioning." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1145.
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Les maladies cardiovasculaires sont une des principales causes de morbidité et de mortalité au monde. La plus courante est l’infarctus du myocarde définit pathologiquement par la mortalité cellulaire dû à une ischémie prolongée d’une partie du ventricule gauche. L'ischémie est caractérisée par un apport sanguin insuffisant causé par une obstruction d’une artère coronaire. La restauration, en clinique, du flux sanguin, appelée reperfusion, est considérée comme la méthode la plus efficace contre les dommages ischémiques. Paradoxalement, cette restauration du flux sanguin est associée à une exacerbation de la lésion tissulaire, entraînant alors des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion (I/R). Dans le but de limiter ces lésions, le conditionnement ischémique myocardique est une avancée majeure dans le domaine de la cardioprotection. Ce protocole confère ses effets cardioprotecteurs via le recrutement de divers mécanismes endogènes suivant l’activation de deux voies intracellulaires : la voie RISK (Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase) et/ou la voie SAFE (Survivor Activator Factor Enhancer). Ces voies impliquent l'activation de différentes cascades de signalisation et de protéines kinases. En particulier, concernant la voie SAFE, le transducteur de signal et l'activateur de transcription-3 STAT3, a été identifié comme un acteur clé dans le postconditionnement ischémique (PostCI). Il est suggéré que les effets cardioprotecteurs attribués à STAT3 soient liés à ses effets en tant que facteur de transcription et en tant que régulateur de l’activité mitochondriale, mais tout n’est pas encore connu. En revanche, il est admis que STAT3 est activé par la phosphorylation ciblant les résidus tyrosine 705 et sérine 727. Dans nos travaux actuels, nous avions initialement pour objectif d’étudier les rôles cardioprotecteurs mitochondriaux de STAT3 après une I/R et un PostCI. Cependant, nous n'avons pas été en mesure de détecter STAT3 dans les mitochondries de cardiomyocytes adultes de souris, dans des conditions basales et de stress, en utilisant différentes approches. Fait intéressant, nous avons montré une localisation exclusive de STAT3 dans les myocytes cardiaques adultes, le long des tubules T, et nous avons mis en évidence les inconvénients des techniques précédemment utilisées.Outre les rôles putatifs de STAT3 dans les mitochondries, nous avons ciblé ses effets dans la signalisation et la génomique au cours de l'I/R et du PostCI. Nous avons tout d’abord cherché à déterminer, pendant l’I/R et le PostCI, la cinétique temporelle d’activation de STAT3 et des autres kinases de la voie RISK, notamment Akt et les MAPK ERK1 / 2, JNK et p38. En outre, nous avions pour objectif d’étudier les liens entre les voies SAFE et RISK en déchiffrant les liens entre STAT3 et les kinases RISK au cours du PostCI. Nous avons montré qu’après une ischémie et un temps court de reperfusion, STAT3 et ERK1/2 sont activés, et que l’utilisation d’un PostCI active d’autant plus STAT3 en induisant exclusivement la phosphorylation de sa tyrosine. Nous avons également montré que l’interconnexion entre les voies SAFE et RISK, dans le protocole PostCI utilisé, se fait par STAT3 et ERK1/2. À partir de ces résultats, nous nous sommes dirigés vers la génomique grâce à laquelle nous avons étudié l'activité de STAT3 au cours de l'IPoC. À cet égard, nous avons montré que STAT3 est impliqué dans la régulation de la réponse inflammatoire au cours de la PostCI. Dans l’ensemble, cette étude présente une approche globale des fonctions mitochondriales, de signalisation et génomiques de STAT3 dans le contexte de la protection cardiaqueCardiovascular diseases are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among the mostly prevailing cardiovascular diseases is myocardial infarction, which is pathologically defined as myocardial death due to a prolonged ischemia. Ischemia is an insufficient supply of blood caused by a blockade in the coronary arteries. The early restoration of blood flow is considered the most effective method against the ischemic lesions. Paradoxically, this blood flow restoration is associated with an exacerbation of the tissue injury, leading to the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. To avoid this injury, the myocardial ischemic conditioning protocol has rejuvenated the field of cardioprotection. This protocol confers its cardioprotective effects via recruiting various endogenous mechanisms following the activation of two intracellular pathways: the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) or survivor activator factor enhancer (SAFE) pathways. These pathways involve the activation of different signaling cascades and protein kinases. Zooming in through the SAFE pathway, the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, STAT3, has been identified as a prominent key player in ischemic postconditioning (IPoC). The cardioprotective effects attributed to STAT3 are suggested to be linked to its roles as a transcription factor and as a regulator of the mitochondrial activity, but these are not well studied and elaborated. STAT3 is activated by phosphorylation, which targets the tyrosine 705 and serine 727 residues. In our current work, we initially aimed to investigate the mitochondrial cardioprotective roles of STAT3 following I/R and IPoC. However, we were not able to detect STAT3 in the mitochondria of adult mouse cardiomyocytes under variousbasal and stress conditions using different approaches. Interestingly, we showed an exclusive STAT3 pattern in adult cardiac myocytes, along the T-tubules, and highlighted drawbacks of previously used techniques. Aside from the mitochondrial roles of STAT3, we targeted its signaling and genomic roles during I/R and IPoC. We first aimed to determine, during I/R and IPoC, the temporal kinetics of activation of STAT3 and the other kinases of the RISK pathway including Akt and the MAPKs ERK1/2, JNK and p38. In addition, we aimed to decipher the interlink between the SAFE and RISK pathways through deciphering the interlink between STAT3 and the RISK kinases following IPoC. We showed that a short reperfusion time activates STAT3 and ERK1/2 following ischemia, and that the application of IPoC further activates STAT3 through inducing its tyrosine phosphorylation. We also showed that the interlink between SAFE and RISK pathways, in the IPoC protocol we used, is through STAT3 and ERK1/2. From this signaling level, we moved toward the genomic level whereby we investigated the genomic activity of STAT3 during IPoC. In this regard, we have shown that STAT3 is involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response during IPoC. Overall, this study presents a global approach of STAT3’s mitochondrial, signaling and genomic functions in the context of cardiac protection
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Míková, Barbora. "Efektivita využití konceptu EMS v porovnání s jinými způsoby přepravy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205619.
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This thesis focuses on concept of European Modular System. It describes its characteristics, main advantages and disadvantages and experiences of other countries. A separate chapter focuses on swap bodies so that modular heavy goods vehicles can be compared to them in practical part of this thesis. Aim of this thesis is to evaluate what is better for transport of particular goods, if classical semi-trailer unit with maximum allowed length of 16,5 m, combined transport road-rail with use of swap bodies or modular heavy goods vehicle. Costs, transpotation times and emissions will be compared in this section. The thesis also aims at evaluating if main arguments of opponents of this concept are eligible or not.
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Lay, Brendan, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The energetics of interlimb coordination." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050902.111407.
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While the traditional dependent variables of motor skill learning are accuracy and consistency of movement outcome, there has been increasing interest in aspects of motor performance that are described as reflecting the energetics of motor behaviour. One defining characteristic of skilled motor performance is the ability to complete the task with minimum energy expenditure (Sparrow & Newell, 1998). A further consideration is that movements also have costs in terms of cognitive effort or energy. The present project extends previous work on energy expenditure and motor skill learning within a coordination dynamics framework. From the dynamic pattern perspective, a coordination pattern lowest on the 11KB model potential curve (Haken, Kelso & Bunz, 1985) is more stable and least energy is required to maintain pattern stability (Temprado, Zanone, Monno & Laurent, 1999). Two experiments investigated the learning of stable and unstable coordination patterns with high metabolic energy demand.
An experimental task was devised by positioning two cycle ergometers side-by-side, placing one foot on each, with the pedals free to move independently at any metronome-paced relative phase, Experiment 1 investigated practice-related changes to oxygen consumption, heart rate, relative phase, reaction time and muscle activation (EMG) as participants practiced anti-phase, in-phase and 90°-phase cycling. Across six practice trials metabolic energy cost reduced and AE and VE of relative phase declined. The trend in the metabolic and reaction time data and percent co-contraction of muscles was for the in-phase cycling to demonstrate the highest values, anti-phase the lowest and 90°-phase cycling in-between. It was found that anti- and in-phase cycling were both kinematically stable but anti-phase coordination revealed significantly lower metabolic energy cost. It was, therefore, postulated that of two equally stable coordination patterns, that associated with lower metabolic energy expenditure would constitute a stronger attractor.
Experiment 2 was designed to determine whether a lower or higher energy-demanding coordination pattern was a stronger attractor by scanning the attractor layout at thirty-degree intervals from 0° to 330°. The initial attractor layout revealed that in-phase was most stable and accurate, but the remaining coordination patterns were attracted to the low energy cost anti-phase cycling. In Experiment 2 only 90°-
phase cycling was practiced with a post-test attractor layout scan revealing that 90°-phase and its symmetrical partner 270°-phase had become attractors of other coordination patterns. Consistent with Experiment 1, practicing 90°-phase cycling revealed a decline in AE and VE and a reduction in metabolic and cognitive cost. Practicing 90°-phase cycling did not, however, destabilise the in-phase or anti-phase coordination patterns either kinematically or energetically.
In summary, the findings suggest that metabolic and mental energy can be considered different representations of a global energy expenditure or energetic phenomenon underlying human coordination. The hypothesis that preferred coordination patterns emerge as stable, low-energy solutions to the problem of inter-and intra-limb coordination is supported here in showing that the low-energy minimum of coordination dynamics is also an energetic minimum.
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Nyman, Isabelle. "Effektivisering av programhantering för Interlan." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14808.
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Denna rapport är avsedd för läsare med baskunskaper inom programmering och webbutveckling. Texten tar upp lösningar för hur en effektivisering av programhantering för Interlan och hur dessa har implementerats i deras nuvarande system. Resultat blev att nu kan de importera program från det ena systemet till det andra, de kan lägga till dynamiska attribut och deras kunder kan göra paketförfrågningar i deras webbapplikation.
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V, Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. "Alkohol-Interlock in Deutschland: Unfallforschung kompakt." Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. V, 2020. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74612.
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Die Zahl der Unfälle unter Alkoholeinfluss ist seit 1991 zwar rückläufig, verharrt aber in den letzten Jahren auf einem gleichbleibenden Niveau. Alkoholisierte Fahrer stellen immer noch eine große Gefahr im Straßenverkehr dar. Im Jahr 2018 war bei 4,5 Prozent aller Verkehrsunfälle mit Personenschaden das Fahren unter Alkoholeinfluss eine der Unfallursachen [1]. Ein auffallend hoher Prozentsatz (7,5 %) aller tödlich verletzten Verkehrsteilnehmer starb infolge eines Alkoholunfalls. Gleichzeitig waren zum 1. Januar 2017 im Fahreignungsregister des Kraftfahrt-Bundesamtes etwas über eine Million Personen wegen Alkoholdelikten gespeichert [2]. Da die Kontrolldichte eher gering ist, muss zusätzlich von einer hohen Dunkelziffer ausgegangen werden [3]. Ein erfolgversprechendes Instrument zur weiteren Reduzierung von Alkoholunfällen könnten Atemalkoholgesteuerte Wegfahrsperren (auch Alkohol-Interlock genannt) sein. Bei einem Alkohol-Interlock-Gerät handelt es sich um ein Atemalkohol-Messgerät in Verbindung mit einer Wegfahrsperre, das in ein Kraftfahrzeug eingebaut werden kann. Sobald das Atemalkohol-Messgerät eine Alkoholkonzentration über einem bestimmten Grenzwert von beispielsweise 0,2 Promille feststellt, wird das Starten des Fahrzeugs unterbunden. Zusätzlich werden verschiedene Daten aufgezeichnet (z.B. Datum, Uhrzeit, Abgabe oder Verweigerung einer Atemprobe, gemessene Alkoholkonzentration, Manipulationsversuche etc.). Alkohol-Interlock-Geräte können primärpräventiv eingesetzt werden. Dazu werden sie in Fahrzeuge von Fahrern eingebaut, die noch nicht mit Alkohol beim Fahren auffällig geworden sind. Besonders häufig wird dies bei Gruppen getan, die besondere Verantwortung im Straßenverkehr tragen (z.B. Fahrer von Krankentransporten, (Schul-)Bussen, Lkw oder Taxi). Am häufigsten werden Alkohol-Interlock-Geräte jedoch sekundärpräventiv im Rahmen von Alkohol-Interlock-Programmen zur Rehabilitation von bereits mit Alkohol beim Fahren auffällig gewordenen Fahrern eingesetzt. Ein Alkohol-Interlock-Programm ist eine Kombination aus dem Fahren mit einem Alkohol-Interlock- Gerät und einer verkehrspsychologischen Begleitmaßnahme. Dabei werden unter Nutzung der Daten aus dem Alkohol-Interlock-Gerät der Alkoholkonsum vor und während des Fahrens kontrolliert und die persönlichen Motive kritisch hinterfragt. Dies soll dauerhaft eine Verhaltensänderung unterstützen, die es dem Betroffenen erleichtert, den Konsum von Alkohol und die Nutzung eines Fahrzeugs auch nach Ausbau des Alkohol-Interlock- Geräts voneinander klar zu trennen. Auf europäischer Ebene wird der Einbau von atemalkoholgesteuerten Wegfahrsperren in den letzten Jahren maßgeblich vorangetrieben. Die europäische Normenreihe EN 50436 regelt fahrzeugseitig die Anforderungen an Alkohol-Interlock. So müssen Fahrzeughersteller beispielsweise ab 2022 ein Einbaudokument [4] und ab 2024 eine Schnittstelle zum Einbau von atemalkoholgesteuerten Wegfahrsperren [5] bereitstellen. Im deutschen Verkehrsrecht sind erste Schritte zur Implementierung von atemalkoholgesteuerten Wegfahrsperren in das Verkehrsrecht getan. Die im EU-Recht verankerte Führerschein-Schlüsselzahl 69, die den Führerschein auf Fahrzeuge mit einer atemalkoholgesteuerten Wegfahrsperre gemäß EN 50436, beschränkt, wurde in nationales Recht überführt (Anlage 9 FeV zu § 25 Abs. 3 FeV). Auch ist in § 23 Abs. 1a StVO, der die Nutzung elektronischer Geräte im Fahrzeug regelt, bereits eine Ausnahme für das Halten des Handgeräts einer atemalkoholgesteuerten Wegfahrsperre vorgesehen. Für Deutschland liegen inzwischen Konzepte für Alkohol-Interlock-Programme vor, zuletzt von der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen [6]. Dafür kann auf einen breiten Erfahrungsschatz aus der psychologischen Intervention vor und nach einer medizinisch-psychologischen Untersuchung (MPU) zurückgegriffen werden.
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Li, Kevin Matthew. "An analysis of nonprofit board interlock networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129876.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, February, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 43-46).
Nonprofits are a key element of civic infrastructure in cities, creating social capital through their networked relations with each other. One such network is that of board interlocks, which occur when people serve on multiple boards of directors. In this thesis, I investigate the structures of these board interlock networks and how they relate to their local communities. I gather names of nonprofit board members from the Internal Revenue Service's form 990 filings, and graph networks for each city in the United States. I find evidence for greater community social capital in more distributed and less concentrated networks.
by Kevin Matthew Li.
M.C.P.
M.C.P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
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Chung, Kuan-Jung. "Microbridge formation for low resistance interline connection using pulsed laser techniques." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3249.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Hatzitaki, Vassilia. "Patterns of interlimb coordination during asymmetrical reaching movements." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29042.
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The present study investigated the patterns of interlimb organization during the concurrent performance of asymmetrical reaching movements. The inherent tendency towards interlimb synchronization often constrains activities requiring the two limbs to move over different distances or at different movement speeds. The study of bimanual coordination has shown that the amount of interlimb interference during bilateral performance of asymmetrical actions, is regulated according to the magnitude characteristics of the variable used to introduce the asymmetry between the limbs. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between the degree of interlimb decoupling and the magnitude of the asymmetry between the limbs. Asymmetry was systematically manipulated by scaling the magnitude of the interlimb difference in final target distance, during bimanual performance of reaching movements. The degree of interlimb decoupling was reflected in the movement time, muscle activity onset and joint torque relationship between the limbs.Decoupling of the asymmetrical limb movements was effected by an earlier onset of the antagonist muscles in the constrained limb which scaled the amount of muscle torque production and therefore the stiffness of the limb during the acceleration phase of the movement. Thus, the movement amplitude differentiation was achieved by an initial accelarative impulse attributed to the differential control of the muscle torque production at each joint. On the other hand, the interactive forces played a secondary role in the degree of decoupling process. Overall, the degree of decoupling scaled according to the magnitude of the interlimb difference in distance; the greater the asymmetry, the greater the differentiation between the limbs. However, systematic variations of the interlimb asymmetry in distance gave rise to a wide variety of individual decoupling trends. Bimanual practice of the asymmetrical reaching tasks did not result in the development of more independent limb movements. The results of the present study have implications to human factor design and ergonomics.
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Little, Claire. "Machine learning for understanding complex, interlinked social data." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2018. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/622001/.
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With the growing availability of 'big' data, increasing computer power, and improved data storage capacities, machine learning techniques are now frequently employed in order to make sense of data. Yet, the social sciences have been slow to adopt these techniques, and there is little evidence of their use in some academic fields. This thesis explores the methods most commonly utilised in social science research, that is, linear regression and null hypothesis significance testing, in order to identify how machine learning methods might complement these more established methods. A case study exploring the Troubled Families programme provides a practical example of how machine learning techniques can be utilised on complex, interlinked social data in order to provide deeper understanding and more insight into the data. Eleven different types of families were identified using cluster analysis, and analysis was performed in order to understand how the family's lives changed after joining the TF programme when compared to before. The analysis provided insight into the various types of families that existed and the problems that they had. It also highlighted that, had the data been analysed on an overall global level, it would have been prone to an averaging effect whereby many of the changes that occurred were not apparent; analysis on the cluster-level resulted in identification of cluster-level patterns, and a greater understanding of the data. This thesis demonstrated that machine learning techniques, such as cluster analysis and decision tree learning, can be effectively utilised on complex 'real-life' social science datasets. These methods can identify hidden groups and relationships, and important predictors in a dataset, provide a better understanding of the structure of the data, and aid in generating research questions and hypotheses.
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Huang, Ching-Yang. "Comparison and results of sheet pile interlock analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45160.
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A finite element program for analyzing the nonlinear behavior of moving contact problems has
been developed and used for the analysis of a single sheet pile interlock (Chan and Barker (1985),
Wu and Barker (1986). In this study, the program is modified to simulate a sheet pile pull-out test
with a new finite element mesh. The improved mesh contains a full-length sheet pile with both of
its interlocks connected to two half-length sheet piles. The results are presented and compared with
the results of the pull-out tests which were conducted by O'Neil and McDonald at WES (1985).
The comparison is not completely satisfactory because the initial slack between interlocks is not
modeled. Nonetheless, the general behavior of sheet piles under tensile load is correctly predicted
by the finite element program.
For easier interpretation of the output from the finite element analysis, the computer graphics
software AutoCAD (Auto desk, 1986) is adopted to serve as a postprocessor. Several features of
AutoCAD such as overlaying, zooming, and macro instructions are utilized to serve this purpose.
Some intermediate programs are also developed for the communication between the finite element
program and AutoCAD.
Master of Science
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El, bitar Khalil. "Clearing vectors in financial networks." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2079/document.
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Le risque systémique menaçant le système financier est une préoccupation majeure pour les régulateurs. Les indicateurs adéquats de risque systémique devraient vraiment les aider à accomplir les lois réglementaires appropriées. La thèse propose un modèle dynamique du système bancaire pour calculer un indicateur de risque systémique de deux composantes :La probabilité d'un évènement déclencheur qui provient de la baisse des prix des actifs, et les pertes correspondantes dans le système Financier.La thèse prouve également l'existence et l'unicité de deux modèles d'équilibre de compensation : Le premier avec un modèle de différentes hiérarchies de dette et le second modèle avec plusieurs stratégies de liquidationSystemic risk threatening the financial system is a major concern for regulators. Adequate indicators of systemic risk would help them perform appropriate regulatory laws.The thesis proposes a dynamic model of banking system to calculate a systemic risk indicator of two components : The probability of a triggering event originated from external asset price decline, and the corresponding losses through the financial system. The thesis also proves the existence and uniqueness of two clearing equilibrium: the first deals with a model of différent debt seniorities, the second with a model of several illiquid asset following a proportional liquidation strategy
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Beheshti, Zahra. "Effect of imposed auditory rhythms on human interlimb coordination /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1990. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10944060.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University.Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Joseph R. Higgins. Dissertation Committee: Ronald E. De Meersman. Includes bibliographical references: (leaves 124-155).
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GIRAUD, BLIN KARINE. "Etude de la hauteur de l'interligne femorotibial chez des sujets indemnes de gonarthrose : reproductibilite ; variation en fonction de l'age, du poids, de la taille, du sexe." Amiens, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AMIEM100.
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Houldin, Adina. "Interlimb transfer of motor adaptations between the legs during walking." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33813.
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Adaptations in kinematic and kinetic measurements have been demonstrated to occur in response to dynamic perturbations in the environment via feedback (e.g., reflexes) and feedforward (anticipatory) mediated mechanisms. Generalization of motor adaptations has been found to occur between the limbs, a process called interlimb transfer. Few studies have explored this phenomenon in the lower limbs and none have yet to elucidate whether the response to manipulation of the dynamic properties of one limb during a walking task will transfer to the other limb. This study aimed to determine whether locomotor adaptations to a velocity-dependent force field in one (trained) leg will transfer to the contralateral (test) leg during unipedal walking. It is expected that neuromuscular adaptations to force perturbations in the trained leg during walking will transfer to the contralateral test leg via generalization of anticipatory adaptive strategies. Twenty able-bodied, right leg dominant, adults walked unipedally in the Lokomat robotic gait orthosis, which applied velocity-dependent resistance to the legs. The amount of resistance was scaled to 10% percent of each individual’s maximum voluntary contraction of the hip flexors. Electromyography and kinematics of the lower limb were recorded. All subjects were tested for transfer of motor adaptations from the right leg to the left leg. Catch trials, consisting of the unexpected removal of resistance, were presented after the first step with resistance and after a period of adaptation to determine if there were any after-effects. The time course of adaptation in hip kinematics showed no significant differences between the legs. Catch trials of the lower limb kinematics were compared within and between the legs using a 2 by 2 repeated measures ANOVA. There was a main effect for time (p < 0.001) and an interaction effect for time and leg (p = 0.011). Post-hoc tests reveal no differences in the size of the after-effects between the legs during the catch trials. Motor adaptations to resistance against right unipedal walking did not generalize to left unipedal walking. The results of this study will add to our current understanding of the neural mechanisms that drive the basic walking pattern.
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NUNES, BERNARDO PEREIRA. "TOWARDS A WELL-INTERLINKED WEB THROUGH MATCHING AND INTERLINKING APPROACHES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25608@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCom o surgimento da Linked (Open) Data, uma série de novos e importantes desafios de pesquisa vieram à tona. A abertura de dados, como muitas vezes a Linked Data é conhecida, oferece uma oportunidade para integrar e conectar, de forma homogênea, fontes de dados heterogêneas na Web. Como diferentes fontes de dados, com recursos em comum ou relacionados, são publicados por diferentes editores, a sua integração e consolidação torna-se um verdadeiro desafio. Outro desafio advindo da Linked Data está na criação de um grafo denso de dados na Web. Com isso, a identificação e interligação, não só de recursos idênticos, mas também dos recursos relacionadas na Web, provê ao consumidor (data consumer) uma representação mais rica dos dados e a possibilidade de exploração dos recursos conectados. Nesta tese, apresentamos três abordagens para enfrentar os problemas de integração, consolidação e interligação de dados. Nossa primeira abordagem combina técnicas de informação mútua e programação genética para solucionar o problema de alinhamento complexo entre fontes de dados, um problema raramente abordado na literatura. Na segunda e terceira abordagens, adotamos e ampliamos uma métrica utilizada em teoria de redes sociais para enfrentar o problema de consolidação e interligação de dados. Além disso, apresentamos um aplicativo Web chamado Cite4Me que fornece uma nova perspectiva sobre a pesquisa e recuperação de conjuntos de Linked Open Data, bem como os benefícios da utilização de nossas abordagens. Por fim, uma série de experimentos utilizando conjuntos de dados reais demonstram que as nossas abordagens superam abordagens consideradas como estado da arte.
With the emergence of Linked (Open) Data, a number of novel and notable research challenges have been raised. The openness that often characterises Linked Data offers an opportunity to homogeneously integrate and connect heterogeneous data sources on the Web. As disparate data sources with overlapping or related resources are provided by different data publishers, their integration and consolidation becomes a real challenge. An additional challenge of Linked Data lies in the creation of a well-interlinked graph of Web data. Identifying and linking not only identical Web resources, but also lateral Web resources, provides the data consumer with richer representation of the data and the possibility of exploiting connected resources. In this thesis, we present three approaches that tackle data integration, consolidation and linkage problems. Our first approach combines mutual information and genetic programming techniques for complex datatype property matching, a rarely addressed problem in the literature. In the second and third approaches, we adopt and extend a measure from social network theory to address data consolidation and interlinking. Furthermore, we present a Web-based application named Cite4Me that provides a new perspective on search and retrieval of Linked Open Data sets, as well as the benefits of using our approaches. Finally, we validate our approaches through extensive evaluations using real-world datasets, reporting results that outperform state of the art approaches.
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Crombeen, Matthew. "Does interlimb transfer of locomotor adaptations depend on limb dominance?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44999.
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Generalization of these adaptations have been found to occur across task, workspace and between limbs. Interlimb adaptation transfer appears to depend on limb dominance. Transfer of adaptation from the non-dominant to the dominant limb involves faster rate of adaptation in movement trajectory patterns, while transfer from the dominant limb to the non-dominant limb involves a faster rate of adaptation positioning related parameters of movement. Although such observations are robust for upper limb adaptations, the extent of interlimb transfer during locomotor tasks is still unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether locomotor adaptations to a velocity-dependent resistance transfers asymmetrically depending on dominance associated with the legs. It was expected that transfer of adaptation will occur according to dominance, with the dominant limb showing faster adaptation in terms of foot trajectory following non-dominant limb learning; and the non-dominant limb showing faster adaptation in terms of heel strike position following dominant limb learning. Twenty able-bodied adults who were right hand and right leg dominant walked unipedally in the Lokomat robotic gait orthosis, which applied a velocity-dependent resistance against leg movements. The resistance was scaled to 10% of the individual’s maximum voluntary contraction of the hip and knee flexors. Subjects performed a heel targeting task that was scaled to their individual step length. Subjects were then randomly assigned to either the RL training group, testing transfer to the non-dominant limb, or to the LR training group, testing transfer to the dominant limb. Muscle activity (surface electromyography) and joint kinematics were recorded from the lower limbs. The adaptation rate in the initial foot trajectory slope and end point error were compared between the groups and across trials using a 2 by 3 repeated measures ANOVA. There was no difference between the groups for either initial foot trajectory slope (p = 0.106) or end point error (p = 0.763). There was also no evidence for transfer of motor adaptations between the lower limbs in the other gait variables. These results suggest that interlimb transfer of locomotor adaptations is limited, but further studies are warranted to understand the neuromechanical mechanisms controlling locomotor adaptations.
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Lefumat, Hannah. "Interlimb transfer of sensorimotor adaptation : predictive factors and underlying processes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4014/document.
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L’adaptation motrice renvoie à la capacité de notre système nerveux à produire continuellement des mouvements précis et ce malgré le fait que notre environnement ainsi que notre corps puissent être soumis à des modifications. Le transfert d’adaptation entre les membres découle de notre habilité à généraliser ce que l’on a appris, par exemple, avec un bras au bras opposé. Le transfert entre les membres est un objet d’étude complexe. Les conditions amenant au transfert sont largement débattues dans la littérature car les résultats d’une étude à l’autre peuvent être contradictoires. Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans une tentative d’apporter une explication concernant l’hétérogénéité des performances et les divergences observées dans les différentes études portant sur le transfert entre les membres. Les deux premières expériences avaient pour but d’identifier si des conditions paradigmatiques ou idiosyncratiques pouvaient influencer les performances du transfert au bras opposé. L’objectif de la troisième expérience était d’étudier l’influence des processus sous-jacents à l’adaptation sur le transfert entre les membres d’après le modèle de Smith et collaborateurs (2006). Nos résultats nous ont permis d’éclaircir certains aspects du transfert concernant les facteurs prédictifs et les processus mis en jeu. Nos deux premières études suggèrent que les différences individuelles sont une source d’information pertinente pour expliquer certains comportements tels que le transfert entre les membres. Notre troisième étude nous a permis de caractériser les processus qui, durant l’adaptation, prédisposent au transfertMotor adaptation refers to the capacity of our nervous system to produce accurate movements while the properties of our body and our environment continuously change. Interlimb transfer is a process that directly stems from motor adaptation. It occurs when knowledge gained through training with one arm change the performance of the opposite arm movements. Interlimb transfer of adaptation is an intricate process. Numerous studies have investigated the patterns of transfer and conflicted results have been found. The attempt of my PhD project was to identify which factors and processes favor interlimb transfer of adaptation and thence may explain the discrepancies found in the literature. The first two experiments aimed at investigated whether paradigmatic or idiosyncratic features would influence the performance in interlimb transfer. The third experiment provided some insights on the processes allowing interlimb transfer by using the dual-rate model of adaptation put forth by Smith et al. (2006). Our results show that inter-individual differences may be a key factor to consider when studying interlimb transfer of adaptation. Also, the study of the different sub-processes of adaptation seems helpful to understand how interlimb transfer works and how it can be related to other behaviors such as the expression of motor memory
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V, Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. "Rechtsgutachten zur Implementierung von Alkohol-Interlock-Programmen in Deutschland: Forschungsbericht." Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. V, 2020. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74709.
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Die Implementierung von atemalkoholgesteuerten Wegfahrsperren (Alkohol- Interlocks) in das System des deutschen Verkehrsrechts lässt auch Ende 2019 noch immer auf sich warten. Dies hat Gründe. Das deutsche Verkehrsrecht ist insbesondere verteilt auf das öffentliche Recht und das Strafrecht und damit auf zwei Rechtsgebiete, die kaum Berührungspunkte miteinander haben. Allerdings ist das Fahreignungsrecht sowohl im StGB, als auch im StVG und in der FeV verankert und muss einerseits von der Strafjustiz und andererseits von den Fahrerlaubnisbehörden bei den betreffenden Kraftfahrern angewandt werden. Die in dieser Studie allein interessierende Klientel ist durch eine oder mehrere Fahrten in mehr oder minder stark alkoholisiertem Zustand auffällig geworden und hat daraufhin entweder eine Strafe oder eine verwaltungsrechtliche Sanktion erhalten. Betroffene Personen denken in denjenigen Staaten, in denen Alkohol-Interlocks rechtlich implementiert sind, nun darüber nach, dass sie doch aufgrund von Sachzwängen eine gültige Fahrerlaubnis benötigen, um zur Arbeit zu kommen und beantragen die Teilnahme an einem staatlichen Alkohol-Interlock-Programm. Derartige Programme existieren auf den drei Kontinenten Amerika, Australien und Europa, wo diese in der genannten zeitlichen Reihenfolge eingeführt wurden und seither Fahrten alkoholisierter Fahrer effektiv verhindern. Die rechtspolitische Diskussion in Deutschland wird zu diesem Thema seit zwei Jahrzehnten ohne konkrete Erfolge geführt, obwohl Alkoholfahrten – auch von Wiederholungstätern – nach wie vor ein großes Unfallrisiko im Straßenverkehr darstellen. Aktuell wird die Diskussion darüber geführt, ob zunächst ein bundesweites Pilotprojekt durchgeführt werden sollte, um auf der Grundlage empirischer Daten entscheiden zu können, auf welche Weise Alkohol-Interlock-Projekte eingeführt werden könnten. Als Alternativen stehen prinzipiell Implementierungen im Strafrecht und im Verwaltungsrecht zur Verfügung, wobei diverse Einzelheiten noch streitig sind. In beiden Bereichen ist bislang unstreitig, dass eine alleinige technische Lösung des Einbaus eines Alkohol-Interlocks ohne ein begleitendes verkehrspsychologisches Programm keine nachhaltige Wirkung für die Zeit nach dem Ausbau eines Alkohol-Interlocks ausüben könnte. Im Strafrecht existiert – im Gegensatz zum Verwaltungsrecht – bislang kein Rechtsinstitut der bedingten Eignung, sodass ein solches Institut erst noch wahlweise von der Gesetzgebung oder von der Rechtsprechung entwickelt werden müsste. Einstweilen böten sich die Verkürzung der Sperrfrist oder eines Fahrverbots an, um auch im strafrechtlichen Bereich Alkohol- Interlocks zu erproben. Problematisch wäre allerdings das Kosten-Nutzen- Verhältnis, das solvente Straftäter bevorzugen würde. Das Verwaltungsrecht, das eine bedingte Eignung kennt, stünde für Alkohol- Interlock-Programme zur Verfügung, würde jedoch eine neue gesetzliche Grundlage benötigen. Dabei könnte ein AIP problemlos im Rahmen des Ordnungswidrigkeitenrechts installiert werden, ohne dass die Eignungsproblematik im Wege stehen würde. Allerdings sollte dann die zeitliche Dauer der anstatt eines Fahrverbots auf freiwilliger Basis angebotenen Maßnahme, je nach Dauer des verhängten Fahrverbots auf einen Zeitraum von 6 – 12 Monaten festgelegt werden, um überhaupt auf den Alkoholtäter einwirken zu können. Die Installation von Alkohol-Interlocks in allen Neufahrzeugen wäre eine vergleichsweise kostengünstige Präventionsmaßnahme, durch die alkoholbedingte Verkehrsunfälle zu einem großen Teil verhindert werden könnten.1 Eine solche, unter dem verfassungsrechtlichen Verhältnismäßigkeitsgesichtpunkt radikale juristische Lösung ließe sich auf der verfassungsrechtlich verankerten Grundlage der Schutzpflicht des Staates auch begründen, würde jedoch einen breiten politischen Konsens erfordern.The implementation of Ignition-Interlock-Devices and an Ignition-Interlock- Program in the system of German traffic law is at the end of 2019 still waiting. This has reasons. In particular, German traffic law is divided between public law and criminal law and thus two areas of law that have little to do with one another. However, the traffic law is anchored both in the Criminal Code (StGB), in the Road Traffic Act (StVG) and in the Driving Regulation (FeV) and must be applied on the one hand by the criminal justice and on the other hand by the driving license authorities with the concerned motorists. The clientele that are of interest in this study alone have become conspicuous by one or more car rides in a more or less alcoholic state and have subsequently received either a penalty or an administrative sanction. Affected individuals now think in those states where alcohol interlocks are legally implemented that they need a valid driving license to get to work because of constraints and are applying for a state alcohol interlock program. Such programs exist on the three continents of America, Australia and Europe, where they were introduced in the order of time mentioned above and effectively prevent ridden drivers from driving. The legal policy discussion in Germany has been conducted on this issue for two decades without any concrete results, although alcohol rides – even of repeat offenders – still represent a major accident risk in road traffic. The discussion is currently underway as to whether a nationwide pilot project should first be carried out in order to decide on the basis of empirical data how alcohol interlock projects could be introduced. In principle, implementations in criminal law and administrative law are available as alternatives, although various details are still in dispute. In both areas, it is undisputed that a sole technical solution to the integration of an alcohol interlock without an accompanying traffic psychology program would not have a sustainable effect for the period following the development of an alcohol interlock. In criminal law – in contrast to administrative law – there is no legal institute of conditional suitability, so that such an institute would have to be developed by the legislature or the jurisprudence. In the meantime, the shortening of the lock-up period or of a driving ban would be sufficient to test alcohol interlocks in criminal matters. However, the cost-benefit ratio that solvent offenders would prefer would be problematic. The administrative law, which has a conditional suitability, would be available for alcohol interlock programs, but would require a new legal basis. An Ignition-Interlock-Program could easily be installed within the framework of the offense law, without the suitability problem would stand opposition. However, the duration of the measure offered instead of a voluntary ban should be set at a period of 6 to 12 months, depending on the duration of the ban, in order to have any effect on the alcohol offender. The installation of alcohol interlocks in all new vehicles would be a relatively inexpensive preventive measure that could to a large extent prevent alcohol- related traffic accidents. Such a radical legal solution under the constitutional proportionality aspect could also be based on the constitutionally anchored basis of the state's obligation to protect life an health, but would require a broad political consensus.
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Nguenang, Kapnang Christian. "Essays in Financial Econometrics : Interlinked assets and High-Frequency Data." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10023/document.
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Les changements institutionnels dans la régulation des marchés financiers ont amplifié la multiplication des marchés et la cotation simultanée des actifs sur plusieurs places. Les prix d'un titre sur ces places ou d’un titre et ses dérivés sont liés par des activités d'arbitrage. Dans ces cadres de marchés “informationnellement reliés”, il est intéressant pour le régulateur, les investisseurs et les chercheurs, de comprendre comment chaque marché contribue à la dynamique de la valeur fondamentale. Cette thèse développe de nouveaux outils pour mesurer la contribution, relativement à la fréquence, de chaque marché à la formation du prix et à la formation de la volatilité. Dans le premier chapitre, Je montre que les mesures existantes de la découverte des prix conduisent à des conclusions trompeuses lorsque l'on utilise des données à haute fréquence. En raison de bruits de microstructure, Ils créent une confusion entre la dimension « vitesse » et la dimension « bruit » dans le traitement de l’information. Je propose ensuite des mesures robustes au bruit qui détectent « quel marché est rapide » et produit des bornes très serrées. A l’aide de simulations Monte Carlo et des titres du Dow Jones vendues sur le NYSE et le NASDAQ, je montre que les données corroborent mes conclusions théoriques. Dans le deuxième chapitre, je propose une nouvelle définition de la découverte prix en construisant une fonction de réponse qui évalue l'impact permanent de l'innovation d’un marché, et je donne sa distribution asymptotique. Ce cadre innove en fournissant des résultats testables pour les métriques basées sur la variance d'innovation. Je présente ensuite un modèle d'équilibre des marchés à terme à différentes maturités, et montre qu'il soutient ma mesure : Conformément aux conclusions théoriques, la mesure sélectionne le marché avec le plus de participants comme dominant. Une application sur métaux de la LME montre que le contrat à terme de 3 mois domine à la fois le marché cash et le contrat à 15 mois. Le troisième chapitre introduit un cadre complet en temps continu pour l'analyse à haute fréquence, la littérature n'existant qu’en temps discret. Il présente aussi des avantages sur la littérature en traitant explicitement des bruits de microstructure et en intégrant une volatilité stochastique. Une application, faite sur les quatre actions du Dow Jones cotées au NASDAQ et négociées sur NYSE, montrent que le NASDAQ domine le processus continu de découverte des prix. Dans le quatrième chapitre, Alors que la littérature se concentre sur les prix, je développe un cadre pour étudier la volatilité de la volatilité. Ce qui permet de répondre à des questions telles que : La volatilité du marché futures contribue-t-elle plus que la volatilité du marché spot dans la formation de la volatilité du fondamental ? Je construis un VECM avec Volatilité Stochastique estimé avec les MCMC et inférence bayésienne. Je montre que les volatilités conditionnelles ont un facteur commun et propose des mesures de découverte de la volatilité. Je l'applique aux données journalières de Futures de métaux et de l'EuroStoxx50. Je trouve qu'alors que la formation des prix a lieu sur le marché au comptant, la découverte de la volatilité a lieu sur le marché Futures. Dans une seconde partie, je construis un cadre d'analyse qui exploite les données à Haute fréquence et évite la charge de calcul des MCMC. Je montre que les Volatilités Réalisées sont cointégrées et calcule la contribution du NYSE et NASDAQ à la volatilité permanente des titres du Dow Jones. J'obtiens que la volatilité des volumes est le meilleur déterminant de la découverte de la volatilité. Mais les chiffres faibles obtenues suggèrent l'existence d'autres facteursInstitutional changes in markets regulation in recent years have enhanced the multiplication of markets and the cross listing of assets simultaneously in many places. The prices for a security on those interrelated markets are strongly linked by arbitrage activities. This is also the case for one security and its derivatives: Cash and futures, CDS and Credit spread, spot and options. In those multiple markets settings, it is interesting for regulators, investors and academia to understand and measure how each market contributes to the dynamic of the common fundamental value. At the same time, improvement in ITC fueled trading activity and generated High frequency data. My thesis develops new frameworks, with respect to the data frequency, to measure the contribution of each market to the formation of prices (Price discovery) and to the formation of volatility (Volatility discovery). In the first chapter, I show that existing metrics of price discovery lead to misleading conclusions when using High-frequency data. Due to uninformative microstructure noises, they confuse speed and noise dimension of information processing. I then propose robust-to-noise metrics, that are good at detecting “which market is fast”, and produce tighten bounds. Using Monte Carlo simulations and Dow Jones stocks traded on NYSE and NASDAQ, I show that the data are in line with my theoretical conclusions. In the second chapter, I propose a new way to define price adjustment by building an Impulse Response measuring the permanent impact of market's innovation and I give its asymptotic distribution. The framework innovates in providing testable results for price discovery measures based on innovation variance. I later present an equilibrium model of different maturities futures markets and show that it supports my metric: As the theory suggests, the measure selects the market with the higher number of participants as dominating the price discovery. An application on some metals of the London Metal Exchange shows that 3-month futures contract dominates the spot and the 15-month in price formation. The third chapter builds a continuous time comprehensive framework for Price discovery measures with High Frequency data, as the literature exists only in a discrete time. It also has advantages on the literature in that it explicitly deals with non-informative microstructure noises and accommodates a stochastic volatility. We derive a measure of price discovery evaluating the permanent impact of a shock on a market’s innovation. Empirics show that it has good properties. In the fourth chapter, I develop a framework to study the contribution to the volatility of common volatility. This allows answering questions such as: Does volatility of futures markets dominate volatility of the Cash market in the formation of permanent volatility? I build a VECM with Autoregressive Stochastic Volatility estimated by MCMC method and Bayesian inference. I show that not only prices are cointegrated, their conditional volatilities also share a permanent factor at the daily and intraday level. I derive measures of market's contribution to Volatility discovery. In the application on metals and EuroStoxx50 futures, I find that for most of the securities, while price discovery happens on the cash market, the volatility discovery happens in the Futures market. Lastly, I build a framework that exploits High frequency data and avoid computational burden of MCMC. I show that Realized Volatilities are driven by a common component and I compute contribution of NYSE and NASDAQ to permanent volatility of some Dow Jones stocks. I obtain that volatility of the volume is the best determinant of volatility discovery, but low figures suggest others important factors
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Krasovsky, Tal. "Gait stability, interlimb coordination and the effect of aging and stroke." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117055.
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Gait stability is perhaps the most important characteristic of locomotion. Maintaining gait stability poses a great challenge for the motor system since walking is a dynamical state and hence inherently non-stable. This challenge is greater in older adults and especially in post-stroke individuals, populations with increased fall risk. Despite its importance, gait stability is defined and quantified differently in different studies. Some studies measure coordination implying that more coordinated gait is also more stable. Finally, conflicting evidence relates gait stability with gait speed in different populations. The overall objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of aging and stroke on gait stability. The thesis includes one review paper and three experimental studies. The first manuscript proposes an operational definition of locomotor coordination and reviews existing measures of coordination. This manuscript highlights the need for a more relevant functional measurement of locomotor coordination in healthy and post-stroke individuals. The objective of the first study was to investigate age-related deficits in gait stability following an unexpected perturbation to gait. Twenty-four young and 18 older adults walked on a self-paced treadmill at comfortable speed, paced by a metronome. Gait stability and interlimb coordination were evaluated using responses to an unexpected perturbation of 250ms at 20% of swing length of the dominant leg. Although young and older adults used similar leg strategies to recover from perturbation, older adults took longer to recover steady-state walking and had larger residual phase shifts in gait rhythm. Upper and lower limb movement was less coordinated in older adults for up to 5 steps after perturbation, but only in young adults was interlimb coupling associated with gait stability. The objective of the second study was to investigate the effect of gait speed on gait stability following an unexpected perturbation to gait in young and older adults. In both groups (n=12 in each), increasing gait speed increased the likelihood of using a leg lowering strategy immediately after perturbation. Although walking faster was associated with better interlimb coupling in both groups, it was not associated with better gait stability. Age-related deficits in recovery of steady-state walking persisted across gait speeds. The first objective of the third study was to investigate stroke-related deficits in gait stability following an unexpected perturbation to gait. The second objective was to examine the role of gait speed in gait stability of post-stroke individuals. Ten well-recovered post-stroke individuals walked at comfortable speed and 10 controls walked at slower than comfortable (matched) speed. In addition, post-stroke individuals were asked to walk 20% faster than comfortable. For stroke subjects, the perturbation was applied to the non-paretic leg. Results showed that regardless of gait speed, post-stroke individuals usually lowered the perturbed leg immediately after perturbation, while controls mostly used leg elevation. Thus, quick weight transfers to the paretic leg may be a possible focus for rehabilitation strategies designed to improve gait stability. An increase of ~20% in gait speed did not affect recovery from perturbation, but when walking faster, subjects with better walking performance recovered faster from perturbation. Finally, faster walkers within the group had more coordinated responses in the non-paretic side, but were not more stable. Results of these studies suggest that recovery from an unexpected perturbation during gait differed between young, older and post-stroke individuals across gait speeds. However, in older and post-stroke individuals interlimb coupling and gait stability were not related and define separate goals of gait rehabilitation.La stabilité de la marche est peut-être la caractéristique la plus importante de la locomotion. Maintenir la stabilité pose un grand défi pour le système moteur car la marche est un état dynamique et donc instable. Ce défi est plus grand chez les personnes âgées et post-AVC qui présentent un plus grand risque de chute. Malgré son importance, la définition et la quantification de la stabilité de la marche varie entre les études. Le lien entre la stabilité et la vitesse de la marche est aussi disputable. L'objectif global de cette thèse était d'évaluer l'effet du vieillissement et de l'AVC sur la stabilité de la marche. La thèse comprend un document de synthèse et trois études expérimentales. Le premier document décrit des mesures de la coordination chez les individus sains et post-AVC et propose une définition opérationnelle du terme. Ce manuscrit met en évidence la nécessité d'une mesure fonctionnelle de la coordination chez les individus sains et post-AVC. L'objectif de la 1ère étude était d'étudier les déficits de stabilité de la marche à la suite d'une perturbation inattendue chez les gens âgés. Vingt-quatre sujets jeunes et 18 sujets âgés marchaient sur un tapis roulant à rythme libre à leur vitesse confortable (à l'aide d'un métronome). La stabilité de la marche et la coordination entre les mouvements des membres ont été évaluées après une perturbation inattendue de 250ms à 20% de la longueur de pas. Bien que les mêmes stratégies pour répondre à la perturbation furent utilisées, les adultes âgés ont pris plus de temps pour récupérer leur équilibre et avaient de plus grands déphasages résiduels du rythme. Les mouvements des membres supérieurs et inférieurs étaient moins coordonnés chez les personnes âgées jusqu'à 5 pas après la perturbation. Le couplage des mouvements était associé à la stabilité de marche seulement chez les sujets jeunes. L'objectif de la 2eme étude était d'étudier l'effet de la vitesse de marche sur la stabilité de la marche après une perturbation inattendue chez les gens jeunes et plus âgés. Dans les deux groupes de 12 sujets, la probabilité d'abaisser la jambe perturbée a augmenté avec la vitesse. Les personnes âgées ont pris plus de pas pour récupérer l'équilibre, quelle que soit la vitesse de marche. Bien que la marche rapide ait été associée à un meilleur couplage des mouvements dans les deux groupes, elle n'était pas associée à une meilleure stabilité de marche. Les deux objectifs de la 3eme étude était d'étudier les déficits de stabilité de la marche à la suite d'une perturbation inattendue chez les individus post-AVC, et d'examiner le rôle de la vitesse dans la stabilité de la marche chez les individus post-AVC. Dix individus post-AVC ont marché à une vitesse confortable et 10 contrôles ont marché plus lentement que leur vitesse confortable. La perturbation a été appliquée à la jambe non-parétique chez le groupe post-AVC. Les individus post-AVC ont généralement abaissé la jambe perturbée immédiatement après la perturbation, tandis que les contrôles ont principalement élevé la jambe. Ainsi, des transferts de poids rapides à la jambe parétique pourraient devenir le focus de stratégies de réadaptation visant à améliorer la stabilité de la marche. Une augmentation de ~20% de la vitesse de marche n'a pas affecté la récupération de stabilité, mais lors de la marche rapide, les sujets avec la meilleure performance de marche ont aussi récupéré la stabilité plus rapidement. Enfin, les marcheurs plus rapides avaient des réponses plus coordonnées du côté non-parétique mais n'étaient pas plus stable. Les résultats de ces études suggèrent que la récupération suite à une perturbation inattendue lors de la marche diffère entre les jeunes, les personnes âgées et post-AVC. Toutefois, la stabilité et la coordination n'étaient pas associées chez les individus plus âgés et post-AVC, ce qui suggère que ces deux aspects soient des objectifs distincts de la réadaptation de la marche.
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Bénazet, Jean-Denis. "Interlinked signaling feedback loops and self-regulation during vertebrate limb development /." Basel : [s.n.], 2009. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_8873.
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Lewis, Christopher J. "An experimental investigation of sheet pile interlock behavior under lateral pressure." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91130.
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A series of lateral load tests were conducted on assemblies of four, 4 foot long U.S. Steel PS32 (regular strength) and PSX32 (high strength) straight web sheet pile sections. The instrumentation adopted in the testing program was geared toward monitoring the assembly displacements, load transfer characteristics, and interlock response. Average effective E-ratios over three different pressure ranges were computed, interlock force versus pressure relationships were derived, the stress states in the pile webs were examined, and interlock force versus interlock displacement trends were obtained from the resulting data.
A total of 12 assemblies were tested, 6 each of the PS32 and PSX32 types. Three tests from each lot of 6 incorporated pretensioning of the assembly prior to application of the lateral pressure; whereas, the remaining tests initiated lateral loading of the assemblies while they were in a slacked state. The results from the tests were generally grouped according to assembly designation (PS32 or PSX32) and type of test (pretensioning or no pretensioning). The tabulation of E-ratios and pile web stresses, and interlock force versus pressure plots revealed consistent relationships among tests in a particular grouping over the 0-30 psi loading range. Interlock force versus interlock displacement trends were physically correct, but provided no conclusive information regarding the response at an interlock connection.M.S.
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Bensalem, Kamel. "The structural integrity of precast concrete floor systems used as horizontal diaphragms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391132.
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Provost, Benjamin. "Etude et évaluation d'une solution composite à renfort tissé interlock pour la protection balistique de véhicule." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0003/document.
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Cette thèse a été réalisée au sein des laboratoires du GEMTEX et du LAMIH, et porte sur l’étude et l’évaluation d’une solution composite à renfort tissé pour la protection balistique de véhicule. L’enjeu de cette thèse consiste à explorer le potentiel des solutions en composite à renfort tissé interlock 3D dans le cas d’unimpact à haute vitesse. Deux solutions composites ont été mis au point en laboratoire, intégrant le même renfort tissé interlock mais mis en oeuvre par deux procédés d'imprégnation différents. Ces composites ont été évalués à l’impact par un FSP (Fragment Simulating Projectile) de 20 mm de diamètre, dans une configuration de backing, c'est-à-dire en face arrière d’une plaque métallique utilisée pour la protection contre les impacts à haute vitesse.Plusieurs campagnes d’essais ont été réalisées permettant d’optimiser nos structures interlocks 3D afin de répondre au mieux à la sollicitation dynamique. Les résultats à l’impact de ces composites ont été comparés à ceux d’une solution composite dite de référence généralement utilisée dans les véhicules blindés à base de tissés 2D empilés suivant différentes directions. Ces essais nous ont permis de faire ressortir les performances de l’une des structures développée présentant des capacités de protection à l’impact supérieures aux composites de référence.Afin d’en comprendre les mécanismes des renforts mis en jeu, nous avons représenté numériquement ces tissus interlocks soumis à l’impact. Des modèles numériques innovants ont été simulés dans le but de représenter le renfort tissé de façon réaliste grâce aux mesures obtenues par micro-tomographie à rayons XThis thesis was performed at the laboratories of GEMTEX and LAMIH on study and evaluation of a solution based on warp interlock reinforced composite for vehicle ballistic protection. The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the potential of warp interlock reinforced composite solutions in the case of a high velocity impact. We have chosen to study two composite solutions manufactured in our laboratory which presented the same warp interlock reinforcement but with different resins and infusion processes. Those composites were tested by an FSP (Fragment Simulating Projectile) impact as armour backing. Few campaign of tests were performed which helped us to optimize our warp interlock structure in order tohave a better response to the dynamic loading. The impact results of our composites have been compared with those of the benchmark which is a composite generally used backing. Thanks to these tests we had the possibility to observe that one of our structures present a better impact behaviour than the others. In order to improve our representation of those reinforcement, we have been working on the numerical modelling of those warp interlock submitted to impact. Innovative numerical models have been set up thanks to micro-tomography analysis allowing a more realistic representation of the reinforcement
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Seotsanyana, Motlatsi. "Formal specification and verification of safety interlock systems : a comparative case study /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/710.
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Bachus, Laura E. "Recruitment of Degrees of Freedom based on Multimodal Information about Interlimb Coordination." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406819390.
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Shekarpour, Saeedeh [Verfasser]. "Semantic Interpretation of User Query for Question Answering on Interlinked Data / Saeedeh Shekarpour." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077289251/34.
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Shah, Ankit Jayesh. "Planning for manipulation of interlinked deformable linear objects with applications to aircraft assembly." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105640.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-87).
Manipulation of deformable linear objects (DLO) has potential applications in the fields of aerospace and automotive assembly. In this paper, we introduce a problem formulation for attaching a set of interlinked DLOs to a support structure using a set of clamping points. The formulation describes the manipulation planning problem in terms of known clamping locations; pre-determined ideal clamping locations on the cables, called "reference points", and a set of finite gripping points on the DLOs. We also present a prototype algorithm that generates a solution in terms of primitive manipulation actions. The algorithm guarantees that no interlink constraints are violated at any stage of manipulation. We incorporate gravity in the computation of a DLO shape and propose a property linking geometrically similar cable shapes across the space of cable length and stiffness. This property allows for the computation of solutions for unit length and scaling of these solutions to appropriate length, potentially resulting in faster shape computation.
by Ankit Jayesh Shah.
S.M.
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Fujiki, Soichirou. "Studies on underlying mechanism of interlimb coordination of legged robots using nonlinear oscillators." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199270.
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TRON, ANNE-MARIE. "Mesure de l'interligne coxofemoral par analyseur automatique d'images radiologiques digitalisees : applications pratiques dans la coxarthrose." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M267.
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Urra, Oiane. "Analysis of the Interlimb similarity of motor patterns for improving stroke assessment and neurorehabilitation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663439.
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Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability, with upper limb hemiparesis being one of the most common consequences. Regaining voluntary arm movement is one of the major goals of rehabilitation. However, even with intensive rehabilitation, approximately 30% of patients remain permanently disabled and only 5 to 20% of them recover full independence. Hence, there is an increasing interest in incorporating the latest advances in neuroscience, medicine and engineering to improve the efficacy of conventional therapies.
In the last years, a variety of promising targets have been identified to improve rehabilitation. However, there is no consensus on which measure should be applied as a gold standard to study functional recovery. This fact dramatically hinders the development of new interventions since it turns difficult to compare different clinical trials and draw consistent conclusions about therapeutic efficiency. In addition, available scales are subjective, qualitative and often lead to incongruent outcomes. Indeed, there is increasing suspicion that the lack of optimal assessment measures hampers the detection of benefits of new therapies. Moreover, existing scales totally ignore the neuromuscular state of the patient masking the ongoing recovery processes. In consequence, making appropriate clinical decisions in such environment is almost impossible.
In light of all these facts, the need for new objective biomarkers to develop effective therapies is undeniable. To give response to these demands we have organized this thesis into two main branches. On the one hand, we have developed an innovative physiological scale that reveals the neuromuscular state of the patient and is able to discriminate between motor impairment levels. The innovation here resides in the concept of interlimb similarity (ILS). Based on the latest findings about the modular organization of the motor system and taking into account that stroke provokes unilateral motor damage, we propose comparing the control structure of the unaffected arm with the control structure of the paretic arm to quantify motor impairment.
We have defined the control structure as the set of muscle synergies and activation coefficients needed to complete a task. The advantage of this approach is not only its capacity to provide neuromuscular information about the patient, but also that the ILS is personalized to each patient and can purposely guide rehabilitation based on the patient¿s own physiological patterns. This supposes a huge advance taking into account the heterogeneity of stroke pathogenesis.
On other hand, we have characterized the therapeutic potential of Visual Feedback (VF) as a tool to purposely induce neuroplastic changes. We have chosen VF among the various interventions proven to improve motor performance, because VF is a cheap strategy that can be implemented in almost any rehabilitation center. We demonstrate that VF is able to modulate the human control structure. In healthy subjects, it seems that VF makes accessible the refined dominant motor programs for the nondominant hemisphere giving rise to an increased interlimb similarity of the control structure. Interestingly, in stroke patients VF is able to manipulate the ILS of upper-limb kinematics in favor of finer motor control but a single training session seems not to be enough to fix those changes in the neuromuscular system of a damaged brain.
Overall, these findings offer a new promising framework to develop and assess an effective intervention to guide the restoration of the original neuromuscular patterns and avoid unwanted maladaptive neuroplasticity. In conclusion, this thesis seeks moving forward in the understanding of human motor recovery processes and their relationship with neuroplasticity. In this sense, it provides important advances in the design of a new biomarker of motor impairment and tests the power of VF to modulate the neuromuscular control of patients with stroke.L'ictus és la principal causa de discapacitat en adults, essent l'hemiparèsia del membre superior una de les conseqüències més comunes. Els programes de rehabilitació tenen com a objectiu fonamental restituir la mobilitat del braç afectat. No obstant això, es calcula que només entre el 5 i el 20% dels pacients aconsegueixen recuperar la seva independència mentre que el 30% queden incapacitats permanentment. En front d'aquest escenari es fa necessari incorporar els últims avenços de la neurociència, la medicina i l'enginyeria en aquesta àrea. En els darrers anys s'han identificat diversos aspectes clau per intentar millorar la rehabilitació. El problema, però, és que no hi ha consens per definir una mesura com a "gold estàndard" per avaluar la recuperació funcional, motiu pel qual, el desenvolupament de noves teràpies queda profundament afectat, ja que esdevé impossible poder comparar diferents assajos clínics i extreure conclusions consistents sobre la seva eficiència terapèutica. A més, les diverses mesures que s'utilitzen són subjectives, qualitatives i sovint donen resultats incongruents. De fet, se sospita que la manca de mesures d'avaluació òptimes dificulta la detecció dels beneficis de noves teràpies. A tot això se li ha d'afegir que les mesures actuals no consideren l'estat neuromuscular del pacient, emmascarant els processos reparadors subjacents. Així doncs, prendre les decisions clíniques adequades sota aquestes condicions esdevé pràcticament impossible. En aquestes circumstàncies, no es pot ignorar el requeriment de nous biomarcadors que proporcionin dades objectives per catalitzar el disseny de teràpies efectives. Per donar resposta a aquesta situació, la tesi s'ha estructurat en dues parts. Per una banda, s'ha desenvolupat una innovadora escala fisiològica que revela l'estat neuromuscular del pacient i és capaç de discriminar entre diferents nivells d'incapacitat motora. La innovació rau en el concepte de similitud entre membres (ILS, en anglès). Així, basant-nos en els darrers descobriments sobre l'organització modular del sistema motor, i en el fet que l'ictus provoca dany unilateral, proposem comparar l'estructura de control del braç no-afectat amb l'estructura de control del braç parètic per quantificar la incapacitat motora. L'estructura de control l'hem definida com el conjunt de sinergies musculars i coeficients d'activació que es necessiten per a dur a terme una tasca. L'avantatge d'aquesta proposta és doble, ja que proporciona informació sobre l'estat neuromuscular del pacient i en ser personalitzable, pot guiar la rehabilitació d'acord amb els patrons fisiològics propis de cada pacient. Això suposa un enorme avenç en aquesta àrea, donada la immensa heterogeneïtat de la patogènesi d'aquest trastorn. D'altra banda, s'ha caracteritzat el potencial terapèutic del feedback visual (VF) per induir canvis neuroplàstics. Aquesta és una eina molt interessant perquè a més de millorar el control motor, és assequible per gairebé qualsevol centre de rehabilitació. S'ha demostrat que el VF és capaç de modular l'estructura de control. Concretament, el VF sembla transferir els programes motors de l'hemisferi dominant al costat no dominant augmentant així el ILS dels subjectes sans. En pacients amb ictus, el VF és capaç d'augmentar el ILS cinemàtic afavorint patrons de control més fins. En conclusió, l'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és aprofundir en la comprensió dels processos de recuperació motora i la seva relació amb la neuroplasticitat. La tesi ofereix un nou i prometedor marc per desenvolupar i avaluar procediments efectius per guiar la restauració dels patrons neuromusculars originals i evitar que el cervell pateixi canvis neuroplàstics indesitjables. Així, la tesi proporciona avanços importants en el disseny d'un biomarcador per quantificar la incapacitat motora i avaluar el potencial del VF per modular el control neuromuscular de pacients amb ictus.
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Björkqvist, Oskar. "Analog Front End Development for the Large Hadron Collider Interlock Beam Position Monitor Upgrade." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-253207.
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The interlock Beam Position Monitor (BPM) system in the Large Hadron Collider(LHC) is responsible for monitoring the particle beam position at the point of thebeam dump kicker magnets and is part of the machine protection system. Thecurrent interlock BPM system has some limitations and because of this, an upgradeproject has been initiated. This master thesis describes the development of theanalog front end electronics of this system, consisting mainly of two parts: A delayline based microwave filter and a high isolation and highly balanced power combinercircuit.The filter has been validated with real LHC beam measurements and is found towork as expected. More work however needs to be done to ensure the effect that thefilter itself has on the beam measurements as the filter could introduce some ringingeffects on the signal. The highly balanced high isolation power combiner has beentested through lab measurements and also shows promising results but long-termtests need to be conducted to ensure the reliability of the component as it will needto endure very high signal levels over long periods of time.Det system som mäter partikelstrålens position och ansvarar för att extraktion avdenna kan ske under säkra och pålitliga former i Large Hadron Collider (LHC) heterLHC interlock beam position monitor (BPM) och är en viktig del av LHC:s maskinskydd.Det nuvarande system som utför dessa mätningar har vissa begransningaroch till följd av detta har en uppgradering av systemet påbörjats. Detta examensarbetebeskriver utvecklingen av den elektronik som kommer att användas i systemetsanaloga signalkedja som består i huvudsak av ett filter samt en balanserad effektdelareför radiofrekvenser.Filtret har utvärderats genom verkliga mätningar av partikelstrålen och har konstateratsfungera som väntat. Mer arbete krävs dock för att bestämma påverkansom filtret självt har på positionsmätningarna då det introducerar en viss ringandeeffekt på signalerna. Den balanserade effektdelaren har testats i lab och visar ocksåpå lovande resultat men kräver tester över längre tid då denna komponent kommeratt behöva utstå höga signalnivåer under långa tidsperioder.
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Fulcher, TJ. "The development of an interlock and control system for a clinical proton therapy system." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1483.
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Thesis (Masters Diploma (Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1995The development of a 200 MeV clinical proton therapy facility at the National Accelerator Centre required an interlock and control system to supervise the delivery of radiation to a patient. The interlock and control system is responsible for ensunng that nobody enters the treatment vault during an irradiation, the extraction of the beamstop devices 'from the beam-line to allow the irradiation of the patient and the insertion of those beam-stop devices when an error condition is detected. Because of its nature, the interlock and control system should be designed so that in the event of an error condition being detected, it should fail to a safe state. This is achieved by modelling the interlock and control system with an appropriate modeling method. This thesis describes a graphical modelling method called Petri-nets, which was used to model the system, and the software developed from the model.
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Lansiaux, Henri. "Élaboration et caractérisation de renforts tissés 3D interlock chaine en lin pour matériaux composites." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I041.
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La caractérisation multi-échelle des préformes textiles en fibres naturelles est un moyen indispensable pour comprendre et évaluer les propriétés mécaniques et le comportement du composite. Dans cette étude, une caractérisation expérimentale multi-échelle est réalisée sur des tissus 3D interlock chaine en fibre de lin à l'échelle des fibres (micro), des mèches (méso), des tissus et des matériaux composites (macro). Les propriétés mécaniques en traction de la fibre de lin ont été déterminées en utilisant la méthodologie de l'IFBT. L'effet de la torsion a également été pris en compte dans le calcul de la rigidité de la fibre et a révélé les limites de la loi des mélanges et d'autres modèles. Des essais de traction sur des mèches sèches ont été effectués en considérant différents niveaux de torsion afin de déterminer le niveau de torsion optimal pour tisser 3D la mèche de lin. Les résultats révèlent l'importance de considérer les propriétés de la fibre et des mèches à ces échelles pour déterminer la matière première la plus adéquate pour le tissage. A l'échelle du tissu, dix sept tissus 3D interlocks chaines ont été réalisés pour comprendre l’influence des paramètres produits sur les paramètres textiles et sur le comportement mécanique. La caractérisation des structures tissées 3D interlock chaine montre le rôle prépondérant des mèches sur les propriétés structurelles et mécaniques. A l'échelle macroscopique suivante, les six structures résinées ont permis d'établir des relations entre les structures de renfort et les matériaux composites associés. Couplé à l'ensemble de ces études, une approche statistique a permis d'apporter une vision globale des paramètres produits qui influent sur les tissus 3D interlock chaine et les matériaux composites associésThe multi-scale characterisation of textile preforms made with natural fibres is a necessary method to understand and analyse the mechanical properties and behaviour of the composite. In this study, a multi-scale experimental characterisation is carried out on 3D warp interlock fabrics made with flax fibres at the fibre (micro), yarns (meso), fabric and composites (macro) scales. The mechanical tensile properties of the flax fibre were determined using the IFBT methodology. The twist effect was also taken into account in the calculation of fibre stiffness and revealed the limits of the rules of mixtures and some other models. Tensile tests on dry rovings were carried out considering different levels of twist, in order to determine the optimal twist level suited for 3D weaving process. The results reveal the importance of considering the properties of the fibre and the yarn at these scales to determine the most suitable material for weaving. At the fabric scale, seventeen 3D warp interlock fabrics were produced to understand the influence of product parameters on textile parameters and mechanical behaviour. The characterisation of 3D warp interlock woven structures shows the predominant role of yarns on structural and mechanical properties. On the following macroscopic scale, the six impregnated structures have enabled relationships to be established between the reinforcing structures and the associated composite materials. Coupled with these studies, a statistical approach provided a global vision of the product parameters that influence the 3D interlock warp interlock fabrics and the associated composite materials
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Trifigny, Nicolas. "Mesure in-situ et connaissance des phénomènes mécaniques au sein d’une structure tissée multicouches." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10152/document.
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Cette thèse a été menée dans le cadre du projet ANR Numtiss. Ce projet vise à mettre au point un outil informatique de modélisation numérique du tissage. Un tel outil permettra d’apporter une plus grande précision dans la conception des préforme composite structurelles et ainsi réduire leurs temps et couts de développements. L’objectif de la thèse est d’apporter des connaissances sur les phénomènes mécaniques agissant sur les fils au cours du tissage. Parmi ces phénomènes, la déformation longitudinale des fils de chaines peut conduire à une perte de performances mécaniques irréversible de ceux-ci et représente le cœur de cette étude. Un capteur d’allongement filaire a été conçu pour réaliser les mesures In-situ sur les fils de chaines pendant le tissage. Celui-ci devant être à la fois représentatif des fils de chaine (en fibre de verre E) utilisés, robuste pour résister à tout le processus de tissage, non intrusif par rapport aux autres fils et sensible aux petites déformations (inférieur à 1%). Le capteur est composé d’un roving de verre E recouvert localement (30mm) d’une enduction piézo-résistive à base de PEDOT:PSS et de PVA. Il a été caractérisé par une série de tests sur banc de traction. Une fois ces paramètres de fabrications optimisés, le capteur a été reproduit en série. Cette série de capteurs a permis de réaliser une campagne de mesure In-situ sur un métier à tisser industriel, configurer pour le tissage de toile 3D interlock orthogonale 4 couches. Les résultats démontrent de l’influence des éléments consécutifs de la machine à tisser à travers des variations significatives et caractéristiques sur l’allure des signaux des capteursThis thesis was conducted within the framework of the ANR project Numtiss. This project aims to develop a software tool for numerical modeling of weaving. Such a tool will provide greater accuracy in the design of structural composite preform and thus reduce time and cost of developments. The aim of the thesis is to provide knowledge on mechanical phenomena acting on the yarns during weaving. Among these phenomena, the longitudinal stress of the warp yarns can lead to irreversible loss of mechanical performances of these yarns. The study focuses on this phenomenon. A stress yarn sensor has been designed to perform in- situ measurements of the warp yarns during weaving. It had to be representative of the warp yarns used (fiberglass E), be robust to withstand the whole process of weaving, be non-intrusive compared to the other yarns and be sensitive to small deformations (less than 1 %). The final sensor consists of an E-glass roving locally covered (30mm) by a piezo-resistive coating based on PEDOT:PSS and PVA. It was characterized by a series of tests on a tensile tester bench. Once these manufacturing parameters were optimized, the sensor has been reproduced in series. This series of sensors has run a campaign of in-situ measurements on an industrial weaving loom configured for producing 4 layers 3D orthogonal interlock fabric. The results show the influence of the consecutive elements of the loom through significant and characteristics changes in the appearance of sensor signals
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JOUSSEAUME, CLAUDE ALBERT. "Vitesse de pincement de l'interligne articulaire au cours de la coxarthrose primitive : etude longitudinale retrospective de 70 hanches operees." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M135.
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Webster, Gregory Daniel. "Modeling of Ethanol Metabolism and Transdermal Transport." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33456.
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Approximately 14,500 people were killed in traffic crashes where the driver was legally intoxicated in 2005, constituting 33% of all traffic fatalities that year. While social efforts to reduce the number of traffic fatalities have shown to be moderately successful, alcohol has remained a factor in 40% of all traffic deaths over the past decade. Transdermal ethanol detection is a promising method that could prevent drunk driving if integrated into an ignition interlock system; potentially preventing 90 million drunk driving trips a year in the US. However, experimental data from previous research has shown significant time delays between alcohol ingestion and detection at the skin which makes real time estimation of blood alcohol concentration via skin measurement difficult. Using a validated model we studied the effects that body weight, metabolic rate and ethanol dose had on the time lag between the blood alcohol concentration and transdermal alcohol concentration. The dose of alcohol ingested was found to have the most significant effect on the skin alcohol lag time. Additionally, custom transdermal ethanol sensors were designed and fabricated and a pilot study on human subjects was conducted to determine if inexpensive transdermal ethanol sensors could be used to detect alcohol in drivers.Master of Science
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Rakotoarisoa, C. "Prévision de la durée de vie en fatigue des composites à matrice organique tisses interlock." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01073017.
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Cette étude s'inscrit dans le domaine de la compréhension du comportement en fatigue de matériau composite à matrice organique (CMO) tissés interlock, utilisé dans l'industrie aéronautique pour répondre aux exigences de compétitivité. Ces travaux ont consisté à mettre en place une méthodologie de prévision de la durée de vie en fatigue et des performances résiduelles (rigidité ou résistance après un nombre donné de sollicitations), de pièces technologiques en CMO interlock. Pour cela, un modèle de fatigue a été développé à partir d'observations expérimentales comme une combinaison du modèle statique Onera Damage Model (ODM) avec une loi d'endommagement cumulé. Ensuite, un protocole d'identification a été proposé et appliqué en se concentrant sur le comportement mécanique en traction. Enfin, la méthodologie mise en place pour évaluer la durée de vie en fatigue de matériau composite interlock a été appliquée sur des pièces technologiques. La méthode proposée met en évidence trois conclusions principales. Premièrement, la prise en compte de l'influence des dommages matriciels sur l'évolution des ruptures de torons est indispensable pour estimer les transferts de charge induisant des ruptures prématurées en fatigue. Deuxièmement, une loi de cumul est suffisante pour étendre le modèle statique corrigé à des sollicitations de fatigue. L'expression proposée pour cette loi de fatigue permet de prendre en compte des chargements de fatigue complexes (par exemple, multiaxiaux et/ou multi-niveaux de chargement). Enfin, la combinaison statique/fatigue du modèle proposée rend son identification possible à partir d'essais statiques principalement (courts devant des essais de fatigue).
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Eriksson, Victoria. "Interlinked Roundwood Markets in Sweden, Norway and Finland : An econometric study of roundwood assortment prices." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-71390.
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Market integration is a frequently discussed topic. This study presents an econometric analysis of the interlinkages between the Swedish, Norwegian, and Finnish coniferous roundwood assortment markets by conducting the Johansen’s co-integration test. It also investigates the directional causality between markets concluded integrated. The data utilised consists of quarterly, nominal prices for pine, and spruce saw logs and pulpwood for each country. Because of issues regarding stationary price series, the co-integration test could only be tested on five markets; Swedish and Norwegian pine saw logs and Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish spruce pulpwood. Swedish and Norwegian pine saw log prices were found integrated according to the Johansen’s test, but no relationship was found when performing the Granger causality test, implying that the underlying assumption of non-stationary prices may not have been fulfilled. No linkages were found concerning the spruce pulpwood markets; neither for all three countries nor bi-variate.
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Black, David P. "The Effects of Direction and Magnitude of Optically Induced Proprioceptive Shift on Interlimb Rhythmic Coordination." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1057763352.
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Li, Mengru. "Development and characterization of 3D warp interlock fabrics as reinforcements for protective solutions against stabbing." Thesis, Lille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUI010.
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Une demande croissante en matériaux utilisés pour la protection contre les coups de couteau a été formulée pour apporter plus de protection, flexibilité et légèreté. Les chercheurs se sont principalement concentrés sur les études relatives à la résistance aux coups de couteau des gilets pare-balles souples à base de fibres textiles et de tissus techniques 2D. Cependant, les matériaux de protection souples basés sur des tissus 3D ont rarement été étudiés dans les travaux de recherche récents, en particulier ceux qui révèlent que les architectures tissées en 3D peuvent jouer un rôle décisif lors d'un impact de couteau. Les tissus 3D interlock chaine (3DWIFs) peuvent également être utilisés dans un gilet souple pour des applications anti-poignard. L'objectif général de ces travaux de recherche actuels est d'explorer les différentes conceptions de tissus 3D interlock chaine (3DWIF) qui offrent la solution de protection la plus efficace. Par conséquent, cette thèse s'est concentrée sur les paramètres du processus de fabrication et les paramètres des produits résultants des tissus 3DWIF fabriqués avec des fils HMWPE. Les paramètres du processus de production ont été étudiés afin d'optimiser la fabrication et les propriétés mécaniques des tissus 3DWIF. Les paramètres produit des tissus 3D interlock chaine ont été étudiés afin de trouver la combinaison optimisée pour la meilleure résistance de protection contre les coups de couteau. Les quatre principales catégories d'architectures de tissus 3D interlock chaine, tels que : A/T, A/L, O/T et O/L, ont été tissées avec les mêmes fils retordus de polyéthylène à haut poids moléculaire (HMWPE). Les caractéristiques mécaniques des tissus 3D interlock chaine (3DWIF) ont été systématiquement testées et comparées. En outre, une étude expérimentale spécifique a été réalisée sur des tissus 3D interlock chaine soumis à un impact à faible vitesse, y compris les propriétés à simple et double passe en termes de profondeur de pénétration et de traumatisme. Les tests de double passage au couteau sont complémentaires des tests de simple passage au couteau. Il a été conclu expérimentalement que le tissu 3D interlock chaine de type orthogonal à liage à travers l'épaisseur a une bonne résistance aux coups de couteau. Entre-temps, les liens entre la résistance aux coups de couteau, les propriétés physiques et les propriétés mécaniques des 3DWIF ont été analysésAn increasing demand for materials used for stab protection has been expressed to provide more protective, flexibility and lightweight. Researchers have mainly focused on studies about stab resistance of soft body armour based upon technical textile fibres and 2D fabrics. However, the soft protective materials based on 3D fabrics have been rarely study in recent research works, especially those revealing that 3D woven architectures can play a decisive role during stab impact. 3D warp interlock fabrics (3DWIFs) can be used in a soft vest for anti-stab applications. The overall aim of this current research has been oriented to explore different design of 3DWIFs that provide the more efficient protective solution. Hence, this thesis has been concentrated on both the manufacturing process parameters and the resulted product parameters of the 3DWIFs made with HMWPE yarns. The production process parameters have been studied to optimize the manufacturing and the mechanical properties of 3DWIFs. The product parameters of 3DWIFs have been investigated to find the optimized combination for the best protective resistance against stabbing. The four main categories of 3D warp interlock fabrics architectures as : A/T, A/L, O/T, and O/L, were woven by twisted high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE) yarns. The mechanical characteristics of 3DWIFs were systematically tested and compared. Besides, a dedicated experimental study has been performed on 3DWIFs submitted to low-speed impact, including single-stab and double-stab properties in terms of depth of penetration and trauma. The double-pass stabbing tests are complementary to single-pass stabbing tests. It was experimentally concluded that the orthogonal/through-the-thickness interlock fabric has a good stab resistance. Meanwhile, the links among stab resistance, physical properties, and mechanical properties of 3DWIFs have been analysed
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Orliac, Jean-Guillaume. "Analyse et simulation du comportement anisotrope lors de la mise en forme de renforts tissés interlock." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823359.
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Afin de pouvoir prédire le comportement des renforts de composites 3D interlock au cours d'un procédé de mise en forme, il est nécessaire de connaitre la position des mèches dans le renfort durant la phase de préformage du procédé. Les travaux présentés ici traitent de la simulation du préformage de renforts 3D épais à l'aide d'un élément fini hexaédrique semi-discret spécifique. En utilisant le principe des travaux virtuels, on distingue le travail interne virtuel dû à la tension des mèches des autres travaux virtuels. La raideur due aux tensions de mèches, qui constitue la contribution principale de la rigidité du matériau, est prise en compte à l'aide de barres incluses dans les éléments. Les rigidités dues aux autres sollicitations, comme la compression transverse, les cisaillements ou les frottements inter-mèches, sont décrites par un matériau continu additionnel. La combinaison de ce modèle discret du premier ordre et d'un matériau continu hyperélastique anisotrope dit du second ordre, pour formuler le comportement du matériau va permettre la simulation du préformage des renforts tissés épais. Conjointement aux travaux sur la simulation, des travaux expérimentaux pour l'identification des paramètres matériau de la loi de comportement ont été définis et réalisés. Ces paramètres concernent les deux parties de la formulation du comportement.
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Black, David P. "Synergies in within- and between-person interlimb rhythmic coordination effects of coordination stability and environmental anchoring /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1129553094.
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Johnson, Paul John. "Online monitoring of self pierce riveting systems to provide non-destructive testing of the mechanical interlock." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590089.
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The joining of aluminium-bodied cars using self-pierce riveting (SPR) requires non-destructive testing to avoid costly material damage and wastage. SPRjoints are traditionally tested by ultrasonic probing or manual disassembly, both of which are reliant upon to operator skill and opinion. Current real-time monitoring is restricted to the characterisation of a joint by monitoring the setting force and pWlch displacement. Througbout this researcb a variety of image processing techniques have been developed to provide practical nondestructive testing of the joint and surrounding processes to give reat-time decisions regarding the quality of the mechanical interlock. These techniques include examining the rivet status pre-process to ensure the punch slrikes the rivet head correctly, thereby preventing the production of compromised joints through tumbled rivets. The algorithm developed achieves 98% accuracy in detecting the rivet status. Examining the depth of the materials about to be joined ensures that the materials presented are of the expected depth to prevent incorrect triggering, which can cause damage to the joining materials, and/or the riveting machinery. The material measurement algorithm achieves 2% error when measuring 6mm of stacked aluminium. Identifying the relative locations of multiple rivets post-process helps prevent substandard structures by ensuring that the rivets are present and suitably spaced to ensure optimum strength. The algorithm developed achieves 99% accuracy. Each of these techniques provides considerable promise and adds greater confidence when predicting the quality of the mechanical interlock.
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BLACK, DAVID PAUL. "SYNERGIES IN WITHIN- AND BETWEEN-PERSON INTERLIMB RHYTHMIC COORDINATION: EFFECTS OF COORDINATION STABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANCHORING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1129553094.
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Leong, Feng Ping Angela. "Developing a simulator to aid in the design of a safety interlock for self-driving cars." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129842.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 77-78).
Self-driving cars have tremendous potential to be safer than human drivers, but are complex systems for which evaluating safety is challenging: using a statistical approach requires self-driving cars to have clocked on the order of billions of miles of driving to present convincing evidence. Thus there is potential in exploring a new design architecture for self-driving cars in which a small, trusted module of code cooperates with the main controller to ensure safety while being easily verifiable; we call this the safety Interlock. This thesis focuses on the scenario of an ego car driving in a single, straight lane behind a lead car that may suddenly brake. We first propose and prove, using formal verification, an algorithm for Interlock to prevent collision by maintaining a safe separation distance that allows the ego car to stop in time. We then present a simulation program developed using the Processing programming language, which provides visual confirmation of the efficacy of the Interlock algorithm, and is designed to be extensible to more complex road scenarios.
by Angela Leong Feng Ping.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Etebar, Kamran. "The influence of aggregate interlock on the shear capacity of rectangular reinforced concrete beams without web reinforcement." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292517.
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Arrais, Junior Ernano. "Estrat?gia de conversor para interliga??o de sistemas de gera??o e?lica ? rede el?trica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15504.
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Currently, there are several power converter topologies applied to wind power generation. The converters allow the use of wind turbines operating at variable speed, enabling better use of wind forces. The high performance of the converters is being increasingly demanded, mainly because of the increase in the power generation capacity by wind turbines, which gave rise to various converter topologies, such as parallel or multilevel converters. The use of converters allow effective control of the power injected into the grid, either partially, for the case using partial converter, or total control for the case of using full converter. The back-to-back converter is one of the most used topologies in the market today, due to its simple structure, with few components, contributing to robust and reliable performance. In this work, is presented the implementation of a wind cogeneration system using a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) associated with a back-to-back power converter is proposed, in order to inject active power in an electric power system. The control strategy of the active power delivered to the grid by cogeneration is based on the philosophy of indirect control
Existem diversas topologias de conversores de pot?ncia aplicadas a sistemas de gera??o de energia e?lica. Os conversores permitem a gera??o de energia com turbinas e?licas em condi??es de velocidade vari?vel do vento, possibilitando um aproveitamento de forma mais eficaz das for?as do vento. A utiliza??o dos conversores possibilita o controle efetivo da pot?ncia injetada na rede, seja de maneira parcial, no caso de utiliza??o de conversores parciais, ou controle total, no caso de utiliza??o de conversores completos. O alto desempenho dos conversores vem sendo cada vez mais necess?rio, principalmente quando se busca a eleva??o da capacidade de gera??o de pot?ncia por parte das turbinas e?licas, o que fez surgir diversas novas topologias de conversores, sejam conversores paralelos ou multin?veis. O conversor na configura??o back-to-back ? um dos mais utilizados no mercado atualmente, devido ? sua estrutura simples, com poucos componentes, contribuindo assim para um desempenho robusto e confi?vel. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se a implementa??o de um sistema de cogera??o e?lica utilizando um gerador s?ncrono a ?m? permanente (PMSG) associado a um conversor de pot?ncia na topologia back-to-back, de maneira a injetar pot?ncia ativa em um sistema el?trico de pot?ncia. A estrat?gia do controle da pot?ncia ativa fornecida pela cogera??o ? rede el?trica ? baseada na filosofia do controle indireto
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Verone, Benjamin. "Étude du comportement statique et dynamique d'un matériau composite textile interlock 3D - caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation numérique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35273.
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Ce mémoire présente les travaux de développement d’un outil de simulation numérique du comportement d’un matériau composite textile spécial appelé interlock 3D. Ce tissé composite présente des performances intéressantes de résistance au choc et de tolérance aux dommages. Ces propriétés lui viennent de la présence de torons tissés à travers l’épaisseur. De ce fait, ce matériau peut être une alternative très intéressante aux composites stratifiés conventionnels, qui n’ont que des fibres orientées dans le plan, pour des applications aéronautiques où des éléments sont soumis à des impacts et sujets au délaminage. Ce travail présente une campagne expérimentale qui vise à caractériser le comportement du matériau dans les directions du plan et à travers l’épaisseur. Par la suite des lois de comportement sont développées pour reproduire le comportement dans chaque direction. Mettre en place la mécanique d’endommagement, ainsi que le comportement inélastique ont été les parties les plus complexes. Ce modèle est par la suite implanté dans le logiciel éléments finis ABAQUS/Explicit en utilisant une sous-routine VUMAT. Des simulations du comportement mécanique du matériau sont premièrement réalisées pour valider les prédictions du modèle dans l’ensemble des directions. Ensuite, des essais d’indentation quasi-statique sont effectués et les résultats sont comparés aux prédictions du modèle. Enfin, des simulations dynamiques d’impact sont réalisées sur le composite tissé en utilisant des projectiles rigides et mous ainsi que différentes configurations. Des comparaisons avec des résultats expérimentaux montrent la bonne capacité du modèle à reproduire le comportement du matériau lors de l’impact avec un projectile rigide à faible vitesse. Les hautes énergies d’impact traduisent des lacunes dans la mécanique d’endommagement proche de la rupture. Les résultats d’impact avec un projectile mou à faible vitesse sont encourageants et montrent l’aptitude du modèle à fournir une estimation correcte de la force d’impact, bien que surestimée dans certaines configurationsThis study presents the development of a tool for numerical simulation of the behavior of a special textile composite material called interlock 3D. This composite woven fabric exhibits interesting performance in terms of impact resistance and damage tolerance. These properties come from the presence of strands woven through the thickness. As a result, this material can be a very interesting alternative to conventional laminated composite, which have only planar oriented fibers, for aeronautical applications where elements are subjected to impacts and subjected to delamination. This work presents an experimental campaign aimed at characterizing the behavior of the material in the in-plane directions and through the thickness. Subsequently behavior laws are developed to reproduce the mechanical behavior in each direction. Seting up the mechanics of damage, as well as the inelastic behavior were the most complex parts. This model is subsequently implemented in the ABAQUS / Explicit finite element software using a VUMAT subroutine. Simulations of the material mechanical behavior are first performed to validate the predictions of the model in all the directions. Then, quasi-static indentation tests are performed and the results compared to the model predictions. Finally, dynamic impact simulations are carried out on the woven composite using rigid and soft projectiles as well as different configurations. Comparisons with experimental results show the model's good ability to reproduce the behavior of the material during impact with a rigid low-velocity projectile. High impact energies reflect shortcomings in the mechanics of damage close to rupture. Impact results with a soft low-velocity projectile are encouraging and show the ability of the model to provide a correct estimate of the impact force, although overestimated in some configurations
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Nehme, Samer. "Contribution à l'approche numérique multi-échelles pour la modélisation du comportement mécanique de matériaux composites à renfort interlock." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1952.
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Les tisseurs « interlock 2. 5D » appartiennent à la famille des composites tridimensionnels. Ils apparaissent pour les applications avancées (aéronautiques, spatial, automobile,…) à cause de leurs avantages sur les tisseurs bidimensionnels, surtout en ce qui concerne les bonnes propriétés mécaniques dans la troisième direction (Z). La modélisation des propriétés mécaniques de ce type de composites peut être faite à l’aide de modèles numériques ou analytiques. L’évaluation des propriétés mécaniques par une étude expérimentale donne des résultats plus précis en comparant avec ceux obtenus par les modèles numériques, or le cout important consommé des machines et les échantillons réels des matériaux utilisés, impose la recherche d’une méthode numérique fiable. Partant de ce constat, une nouvelle méthodologie de construction du maillage du volume élémentaire représentatif ‘VER’ est proposée. La technique consiste à mailler en tétraèdres la matrice (de comportement isotrope) et en hexaèdres les mèches (de comportement isotrope transverse). Afin de réaliser la discrétisation, un modèle géométrique est développé à partir de mesures prises par photomicrographie sur un matériau fourni par une société aéronautique. Le logiciel industriel «Ansys Academic Associate» est utilisé pour résoudre le problème. Des délaminages possibles sont pris en compte grâce à des interfaces de contact. Les rigidités, dépendantes de ces endommagements possibles, sont déterminées dans les trois directions et sont comparées avec les résultats expérimentaux (suivant la direction de trame Y pour le Tisseur4-69) et un modèle analytique. Au-delà des résultats satisfaisants pour le comportement élastique (en accord avec les résultats expérimentaux), le domaine endommagé par un délaminage apparaît correctement décrit, en ayant recours à une approche cohésive privilégiant les concepts de la Mécanique Linéaire Elastique de la Rupture, associés aux sollicitations des Modes I et II2. 5D interlocks are particular reinforcements of aeronautic composite materials that are believed to have a high structural potential. This kind of reinforcement entails to consider the composite as a structure because interlocks are built by crossing the warp tows with the weft tows in the three directions. To evaluate the mechanical behavior, one may obtain numerically the anisotropic elastic engineering constant from a finite elements model. This technique of virtual testing consists to model the composite at it’s the meso-scale to obtain a macro-scale response with a stress-displacement analysis. We thus propose a new meshing methodology to build an elementary volume made of tetrahedral for the isotropic matrix and of mapped hexahedral for the transversely isotropic yarns. In order to achieve the finite element discretization, a geometrical model is developed from measurements taken from photomicrographs of an interlock composite. The industrial sofware package « Ansys Academic Associate » is used to solve the problem with contact element, local orientation of the anisotropy in yarns and computation of nine macroscopic orthotropic engineering constants. The numerical results are compared to experimental data and an analytical model. The finite element model shows a good agreement with our previous work. Beyond satisfying results for the elastic behaviour, the delamination is correctly described using a cohesive approach focusing on the concepts of linear elastic fracture stresses, associated with Mode I and mode II