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Journal articles on the topic 'Interlock Fabric'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Abtew, Mulat Alubel, Francois Boussu, Pascal Bruniaux, Carmen Loghin, and Irina Cristian. "Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (2020): 4873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144873.

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This paper investigates the effects of warp yarns ratios on the ballistic performances of three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock p-aramid fabrics. Four 3D warp interlock variants with different binding and stuffer warp yarns ratios were designed and developed. Except for warp yarns ratios, similar fabric parameters and manufacturing conditions were considered. Two-dimensional (2D) woven fabric having similar material characteristics and recommended for female seamless soft body armor are also considered for comparisons. Five ballistic panels, one from 2D plain weave fabric and the rest four fro

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2

Afzal, Ali, Sheraz Ahmad, Abher Rasheed, Muhammad Mohsin, Faheem Ahmad, and Yasir Nawab. "Characterization and statistical modelling of thermal resistance of cotton/polyester blended double layer interlock knitted fabrics." Thermal Science 21, no. 6 Part A (2017): 2393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150520201a.

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The aim of this study was to analyse and model the effect of knitting parameters on the thermal resistance of cotton/polyester double layer interlock knitted fabrics. Fabric samples of areal densities ranging from 310-495 g/m2 were knitted using yarns of three different cotton/polyester blends, each of two different linear densities by systematically varying knitting loop lengths for achieving different cover factors. It was found that by changing the polyester content in the inner and outer fabric layer from 40 to 65% in the double layer knitted fabric has statistically significant effect on

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3

Šajatović, Blaženka Brlobašić, Bajro Bolić, and Slavenka Petrak. "Impact of Vertical and Horizontal Forces on the Seam in the Technological Process of Sewing Knit Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 18, no. 4 (2018): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2018-0003.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the increase in vertical and horizontal forces of the presser foot on the seam during the technological process of sewing knit fabrics. The research was performed on three types of knit fabrics: double jersey (rib one plus one), interlock knit fabric, and bleached interlock knit fabric. In order to meet the criterion of seam quality, it is necessary to adjust the above-mentioned parameters optimally. Depending on the type of the knit fabric, the values of the investigated forces change, and by increasing the number of layers and the sewing speed,

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Basra, Sikander Abbas, Zeeshan Azam, Norina Asfand, Sohaib Anas, Khurram Iftikhar, and Muhammad Awais Irshad. "Development of interlock knitted seersucker fabric for better comfort properties." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502096300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020963009.

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The need for innovative fabrics has rapidly increased in recent years, owing to their cost effective with good aesthetic and comfort properties. Seersucker fabrics are cost effective fabric structure with good aesthetic and comfort properties produced by modification in material or in fabric structures. The main purpose of this research work is to develop seersucker fabric on interlock machine through using different yarns and stripes height. Puckering effect on knitted fabric obtained using elastane covered yarn with simple cotton yarn and relaxation of elastane made the cotton yarn produce a

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5

Jamshaid, Hafsa, Abdul Waqar Rajput, Bilal Zahid, and Sajid Hussain. "Characterisation of Interlock Knitted Fabric with Different Feed Patterns to Improve Thermal and Sensorial Comfort." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 29, no. 3(147) (2021): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7791.

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This study reports an investigation of the effect of different cellulose materials and yarn feeding patterns on thermo-physiological comfort, sensorial comfort, serviceability/pilling and ultraviolet properties. An interlock structure with a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic material was developed in such a way that each material was prominent in consecutive wales or courses. The yarn feed pattern in interlock fabric overcomes the limitation of plaited single jersey fabrics. Cellulose – based hydrophilic natural and regenerated fibres were used i.e cotton, model and viscose rayon, as

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6

Byun, J.-H., and T.-W. Chou. "Modelling and characterization of textile structural composites: A review." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 24, no. 4 (1989): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v244253.

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The development of innovative fibre architecture, such as two- and three-dimensional woven fabrics and knitted fabrics, as well as braided structure, provides an attractive form of reinforcement for advanced composites. These new materials require new techniques in analysis and design in order to fully utilize their unique mechanical properties. Several analytical models for predicting the thermoelastic properties of two- and three-dimensional fabric composites are reviewed in this paper. The applicability and limitation of the modelling techniques are examined. Recent advancements in the char

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7

Alston, Peter V. "Effect of Yarn Spinning System on Pill Resistance of Polyester/Cotton Knit Fabrics." Textile Research Journal 62, no. 2 (1992): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759206200208.

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We have determined the effect of ring, rotor, and air-jet spinning on the pill resistance of jersey and interlock fabrics. The jersey fabrics contained the same polyester type, while the interlock fabrics contained the preferred polyester for each spinning system. In each of the constructions, the air-jet spun fabrics were significantly more pill resistant than ring and rotor spun fabrics. Kinetic studies of the rates of pill formation and wear-off indicate that this difference is due to the much slower formation rate of the air-jet spun fabric. Analysis of pill character suggests that the tig

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8

Sathish Kumar, T., M. Ramesh Kumar, and Balakrshnan Senthil Kumar. "Evaluation of Moisture Management Properties of Plated Interlock, Mini Flat Back Rib and Flat Back Rib Structures." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 29, no. 2(146) (2021): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6084.

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Moisture management is a very fundamental criterion for any type of fabric. Hence, in this study three different knits viz plated interlock, mini flat back rib and flat back rib fabric structures with 100% eri silk (top), 100% bamboo (bottom) and 100% tencel (bottom) with the combination of two different yarn counts were used. The yield was tested for moisture management properties. It was identified that the bi-layer eri silk (14.3 tex) combined with bamboo (14.8 tex) and tencel (14.8 tex) plated interlock, mini flat back rib and flat back rib knit structure fabrics were excellent. Due to the

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9

Nasreen, Adeela, Muhammad Umair, Khubab Shaker, Syed Talha Ali Hamdani, and Yasir Nawab. "Development and characterization of three-dimensional woven fabric for ultra violet protection." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (2018): 536–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-02-2018-0013.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of materials, three dimensional (3D) structure and number of fabric layers on ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), air permeability and thickness of fabrics. Design/methodology/approach Total 24 fabrics samples were developed using two 3D structures and two weft materials. In warp direction cotton (CT) yarn and in weft direction polypropylene (PP) and polyester (PET) were used. Air permeability, thickness and UPF testings were performed and relationship among fabric layers, air permeability, thickness and UPF was developed. Finding

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10

Afzal, Ali, Sheraz Ahmad, Abher Rasheed, Faheem Ahmad, Fatima Iftikhar, and Yasir Nawab. "Influence of Fabric Parameters on Thermal Comfort Performance of Double Layer Knitted Interlock Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 17, no. 1 (2017): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0037.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of various fabric parameters on the thermal resistance, thermal conductivity, thermal transmittance, thermal absorptivity and thermal insulation of polyester/cotton double layer knitted interlock fabrics. It was found that by increasing fibre content with higher specific heat increases the thermal insulation while decreases the thermal transmittance and absorptivity of the fabric. It was concluded that double layer knitted fabrics developed with higher specific heat fibres, coarser yarn linear densities, higher knitting loop length and

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11

Roessner, D., J. Y. Drean, and J. F. Osselin. "Interlock Fabric Implant Tearing Measurement." Experimental Techniques 36, no. 4 (2011): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.2011.00753.x.

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12

Abtew, Mulat Alubel, Francois Boussu, Pascal Bruniaux, and Han Liu. "Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Dry Three-Dimensional Warp Interlock Para-Aramid Woven Fabrics: Experimental Methods toward Applications in Composite Reinforcement and Soft Body Armor." Materials 13, no. 19 (2020): 4233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194233.

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Recently, three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock fabric has been involved in composite reinforcement and soft ballistic material due to its great moldability, improved impact energy-absorbing capacity, and good intra-ply resistance to delamination behaviors. However, understanding the effects of different parameters of the fabric on its mechanical behavior is necessary before the final application. The fabric architecture and its internal yarn composition are among the common influencing parameters. The current research aims to explore the effects of the warp yarn interchange ratio in the 3D wa

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Maleki, Homa, Marzie Aghajani, A. H. Sadeghi, and Ali Asghar Asgharian Jeddi. "On the Pressure Behavior of Tubular Weft Knitted Fabrics Constructed from Textured Polyester Yarns." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 6, no. 2 (2011): 155892501100600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501100600204.

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This study attempts to investigate the pressure behavior of tubular knitted fabrics after a long period of time. For this purpose, two kinds of knitted fabric (plain and interlock) with various stitch lengths were chosen and the interfacial pressure and pressure reduction of fabrics after 48 hours were analyzed at different strain percents. The same tests were performed on the same specimens after repeated washing and repeated usage. Finally, the experimental pressure values were compared with the theoretical results obtained from Laplace's law. The results reveal that the stitch length and st

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14

Ma, Pibo, Limin Jin, and Liwei Wu. "Experimental and numerical comparisons of ballistic impact behaviors between 3D angle-interlock woven fabric and its reinforced composite." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 6 (2018): 1044–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718754903.

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This paper compares the ballistic impact damage behaviors between the three-dimensional angle-interlock woven fabric and its reinforced composite (three-dimensional angle interlock woven composite) under various ballistic strike velocities based on experimental and numerical finite element analysis. In experiments, the residual velocities of projectiles were recorded to compare their ballistic proof properties undergoing different impact loading conditions. Furthermore, the ultimate damage morphologies of both types of materials were also compared to deduce the specific ballistic impact perfor

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15

Lansiaux, Henri, Damien Soulat, François Boussu, and Ahmad Rashed Labanieh. "Development and Multiscale Characterization of 3D Warp Interlock Flax Fabrics with Different Woven Architectures for Composite Applications." Fibers 8, no. 2 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8020015.

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Multiscale characterization of the textile preform made of natural fibers is an indispensable way to understand and assess the mechanical properties and behavior of composite. In this study, a multiscale experimental characterization is performed on three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock woven fabrics made of flax fiber on the fiber (micro), roving (meso), and fabric (macro) scales. The mechanical tensile properties of the flax fiber were determined by using the impregnated fiber bundle test. The effect of the twist was considered in the back-calculation of the fiber stiffness to reveal the cal

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16

Nazir, Ahsan, Tanveer Hussain, Faheem Ahmad, and Sajid Faheem. "Effect of Knitting Parameters on Moisture Management and Air Permeability of Interlock Fabrics." Autex Research Journal 14, no. 1 (2014): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10304-012-0045-1.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of knitting parameters on the moisture management and air permeability of the interlock fabrics. Samples were produced at two different knitting gauges, each with three different stitch lengths. It was found that the fabric mass per square metre increases by increasing machine gauge and decreasing the stitch length, whereas the fabric thickness and porosity increase at these settings. It was further concluded that the loosely knitted fabric samples with higher amount of entrapped air exhibit good air permeability but poor moisture ma

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Abtew, Mulat Alubel, Francois Boussu, Pascal Bruniaux, Carmen Loghin, and Irina Cristian. "Effect of Structural Parameters on the Deformational Behaviors of Multiply 3D Layer-by-Layer Angle-Interlock Para-Aramid Fabric for Fiber-Reinforcement Composite." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 4 (2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4040145.

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Materials used in the technical application including composite reinforcements and ballistic fabrics should show not only good mechanical performance but also better deformational behaviors. Meanwhile, three dimensional (3D) warp interlock fabrics have been widely employed in such applications to substitute the two dimensional (2D) fabrics because of their enhanced through-the-thickness performance and excellent formability. The deformational behaviors of such 3D warp interlock fabrics have been also influenced by various internal and external parameters. To understand and fill this gap, the c

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18

Li, Xin E., and Yi Ren. "Design and Weave on Seamless Filter Bag with Three-Dimensional Angle-Interlock Tubular Structure." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.621.

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The advantages of the bag house are expounded in this paper. The some technical parameters of the filter bag are introduced. The weaving plan of three-dimensional angle-interlock tubular fabric is designed. The key points of weave production are explained. Use of angle-interlock tubular structure can weave seamless and thick the filter bag, and improve the filter efficiency of woven fabric. The development of seamless filter bag save sewing process, and improve the production efficiency, and save cost. The seamless filter bag with three-dimensional angle-interlock structure can be widely used

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19

Değirmenci, Züleyha, and Tuğba Can. "Effects of knitted structures on the performance of cotton knitted fabrics." Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology 10, no. 5 (2024): 213–24. https://doi.org/10.15406/jteft.2024.10.00390.

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In this study, ten different knitted structures of weft-knitted fabrics (including plain, 1X1 rib, interlock, purl, half cardigan, full cardigan, single lacoste, double lacoste, lace, and moss stitch) were manufactured utilizing Nm 15/1 cotton ring-spun yarn on Shima Seiki flat knitting machines. The samples underwent comprehensive testing for structural properties, bursting strength, air permeability, drapeability, abrasion and pilling resistance, as well as wrinkle recovery. The findings revealed that unit weight emerged as the most influential parameter affecting air permeability. Lace fabr

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20

Gravas, E., P. Kiekens, and L. van Langenhove. "PREDICTING FABRIC WEIGHT PER UNIT AREA OF SINGLE- AND DOUBLE-KNITTED STRUCTURES USING APPROPRIATE SOFTWARE." AUTEX Research Journal 6, no. 4 (2006): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2006-060405.

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Abstract This project deals with the prediction of knitted fabric weight per unit area using appropriate software called proKNIT. This software has been designed according to the existing literature, and can determine the weight of knitted fabrics in different relaxing conditions by entering process and material variables, such as the type of fabric and fibre, knitting machine gauge, yarn count, fabric loop length and tightness factor. The prediction of the fabric weight is dependent upon the dimensional parameters of Kc, Kw, Ks and R, which have been entered into the system. Therefore, proKNI

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21

Kayseri, Gonca Özçelik, and Erhan Kirtay. "Part 1. Predicting the Pilling Tendency of the Cotton Interlock Knitted Fabrics by Regression Analysis." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 3 (2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000305.

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This study, it was aimed to determine the equations and models for estimating the pilling propensity of interlock knitted fabrics. Seven different cotton blends supplied from different spinning mills, yarns in 3 different yarn counts (Ne 20, Ne 30 and Ne 40) and in 3 different twist coefficients (αe=3.2, 3.6 and 4.0) were produced. Interlock knitted fabrics were manufactured in three different fabric tightness values from each of the produced yarns. The pilling tendencies of the fabrics were tested according to EN ISO 12945–2 standard by a Martindale pilling and abrasion device. The PillGrade

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22

SLAVINSKA, Alla, Serhii MATIUKH, and Viktoriia MYTSA. "DIFFERENTIAL METHOD OF QUALITY CONTROL OF PHYSICO-MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF KNITTED FABRIC FOR BATHING SUIT." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 309, no. 3 (2022): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-309-3-199-204.

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In order to ensure compliance of knitted fabrics to the established requirements of bathing suits, technical regulation of quality is considered. The normative regulation of technical control of knitted fabrics for the production of bathing suits is carried out. The option of normative documentation of examination of knitted fabrics for bathing suits is presented by a set of standards. The standards of the «Product Quality Indicators System» complex establish the nomenclature of mandatory and recommended indicators for assessing the level of product quality in various light industry industries

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23

Kan, C. W. "A Study on Ultraviolet Protection of 100% Cotton Knitted Fabric: Effect of Fabric Parameters." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/506049.

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The effect of fabric parameters such as weight, thickness, and stitch density on the ultraviolet (UV) protection of knitted fabrics was studied. Different knitting structures such as plain, pineapple, lacoste, and other combinations of different knitting stitches of knit, tuck, and miss as well as half milano, full milano, half cardigan, full cardigan, 1 × 1 rib, and interlock were prepared. Experimental results revealed that weight was the most important factor that affected UV protection while thickness and stitch density were not the leading factor in determining UV protection.

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Xu, Zhenzhen, Xiang Ma, Li Yang, and Qiaole Hu. "Effect of angle interlocking/plain weave compound fabric system on mechanical properties of aramid epoxy resin composites." Materials Research Express 10, no. 9 (2023): 095309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/acf09e.

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Abstract Preform is one of the important factors affecting the mechanical properties of textile composites. To further reflect the influence of the preform structure on the mechanical properties of composite materials, the angle interlocking and plain weave structures are configured in a certain proportion to form a composite fabric with both structures. The results show that the compound fabric preform has a positive effect on the improvement of the mechanical properties of AERC. An increase in the proportion of angle interlocking organization configuration in the compound fabric system is be

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Jia, Xi Wen, Jia Zhi Su, Yi Zhu Zheng, Bo Hong Gu, and Bao Zhong Sun. "Mechanical Response and Damage Analysis of 3D Multi-Structured Knitted Composite under Quasi-Tensile Loadings." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.767.

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The mechanical response and damage mechanism of a 3D multi-structured knitted composite under quasi-tensile loadings are investigated based on experimental results. The multi-structured knitted composite consists of two knitted fabrics with weft double-faced interlock knitted fabric as core material and biaxial warp-knitted fabric as surface layer in the above-mentioned composite system, respectively. The tensile stress against strain curve is obtained to analyze the mechanical behavior. Furthermore, the failure mechanisms of 3D multi-structured knitted composite are discussed from the experim

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Jeddi, Ali A. A., and H. Dabiryan. "Ideal stitch model for interlock-knitted fabric." Journal of the Textile Institute 99, no. 4 (2008): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000701584444.

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Kaddaha, Mohamad Abbas, Rafic Younes, and Pascal Lafon. "New Geometrical Modelling for 2D Fabric and 2.5D Interlock Composites." Textiles 2, no. 1 (2022): 142–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles2010008.

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A new geometrical modeling tool has been developed to predict the elastic stiffness properties of 2D orthogonal and 2.5D woven interlock composites. The model estimates the change in performance due to changes in the ordering weaving parameters of the 2.5D weave architecture. Analysis results were validated compared to other models developed in published articles and the literature. Numerical analysis was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the results from the proposed models. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the models presented by comparisons with experimental results, showi

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BILTEKIN, SERAP, and AYÇA AYÇA. "Investigation of the effect of cotton knitted fabric structure of babywear on moisture management properties." Industria Textila 70, no. 06 (2019): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.070.06.1658.

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In recent years, baby clothing has become an important role in the garment sector. The increasing importance of baby clothing, along with the new designs, different fabric structures, accessories and clothing comfort is required to develop. Due to the increasing importance given to baby health in the world, babywears have to be manufactured from materials that are not harmful to health in accordance with the standards. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cotton knitted fabrics structure of babywear on moisture management properties. For this reason, moisture management pr

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Kumar, T. Sathish, M. Ramesh Kumar, and B. Senthil Kumar. "Investigation of Dimensional and Physical Properties of Eri Silk Bi-Layer Knit Fabrics for Active Wear Applications." AATCC Journal of Research 8, no. 6 (2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.6.3.

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The knitwear industry caters to the needs of the modern youth, whose preferences vary according to the trends and tastes of the modern age. This paper endeavors to demonstrate that active wear fabrics made of eri silk have very good physical properties. The main objective of this research is to investigate dimensional and physical properties of plated interlock, mini-flatback rib, and flatback rib structures developed with two different yarn counts (30s and 40s). The dimensional and physical properties of those samples are investigated in terms of dimensional stability, spirality, bursting str

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Marmarali, Arzu. "Effects of fiber cross-section shape on thermal comfort properties of polyester interlock fabrics." Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 4, no. 1 (2023): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2023.4.p42-50.

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In this study, some dimensional and thermal comfort properties, i.e. thermal resistance, water vapor permeability, and air permeability properties of interlock fabrics knitted from different cross-section shaped polyester fibers were investigated. Four polyester yarns of different fiber cross-section shapes (hollow-round, round, triangular, and W-shape) were used to produce the samples. From the results, it was found that the triangular and W-type fibers had higher fabric density values due to the denser and closer fiber settlement. The highest bursting strength value belonged to the sample kn

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Boussu, F., B. Provost, M. Lefebvre, and D. Coutellier. "New Textile Composite Solutions for Armouring of Vehicles." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (March 25, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7938720.

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In today’s scenario, numerous studies have shown a great interest on 3D woven structures like 3D warp interlock fabric as a fibre reinforcement for composite material to provide a better impact than 2D laminated fabrics with unlinked structures in the thickness. The impact energy absorption capacity depends on different and independent parameters, including the shape and speed of the projectile, the type of fibrous structure (geometry), the type and nature of the threads (raw material, linear density, and twisting value), and the type of impregnation of the composite material. As part of our r

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Gedilu, Mekdes, Sakthivel Santhanam, Meseret Bogale, and Senthil Kumar Selvaraj. "Experimental analysis on the effect of ring and rotor spun yarns for comfort characteristics of weft knitted fabric structures." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 17 (January 2022): 155892502210789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250221078944.

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This research study experimentally analyzed the effect of ring and rotor yarns which are 100% cotton spun yarn with 30s Ne count on the physical and comfort characteristics of single jersey, rib, and interlock knitted fabrics. The physical characteristics such as fabric Thickness, Tightness factor, Bursting strength, Abrasion resistance, and Pilling behavior were studied according to the ASTM Standard and statistically analyzed using Minitab software with ANOVA analysis. The Comfort characteristics were Thermal Insulation behavior (TIV), Water Vapor Permeability, and Air permeability; they wer

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Orliac, Jean Guillaume, Adrien Charmetant, Fabrice Morestin, Philippe Boisse, and Stephane Otin. "3D Interlock Composite Preforming Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.261.

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In order to simulate 3D interlock composite reinforcement behavior in forming processes like Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), it is necessary to predict yarns positions in the fabric during the preforming stage of the process. The present paper deals about thick 3D interlock fabric forming simulation using a specific hexahedral semi-discrete finite elements simulation tool : Plast4. Using the virtual work principle, we distinguish the virtual internal work due to tensions in yarns from other internal virtual works. The part of material stiffness relative to yarns tension is described as "first or

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Kannapan, Saravanan, Satheeshkumar Dharmalingam, Poojashri Karthikeyan, and Prakash Chidambaram. "Physical and Comfort Properties of Athleisure Wear Using Sustainable Bamboo/Cotton Blends." Textile & Leather Review 4 (December 24, 2021): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2021.19.

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Consumer demands for comfort performance are highly escalated, making global manufacturers turn their attention towards the development of technical textiles with enhanced comfort properties. The comfort characteristics of bamboo/cotton blend along with elastane knitted fabrics made by using ring-spun yarns were studied. Four different blend proportions, namely 53:42:5 cotton/bamboo/elastane, 51:41:8 cotton/bamboo/elastane, 45:40:15 cotton/bamboo/elastane and 59:31:10 cotton/bamboo/elastane were used to produce knitted fabrics by using ring-spun yarn of 14.7 tex. Single jersey knitted fabric w

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Wasit Chaikumming. "Computer Geometric Modeling and CFD Simulation of Air Permeability in Knitted Fabrics." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 14s (2025): 09–20. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i14s.1989.

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The purpose of this study is to model the geometry of knitted fabric structures to predict air permeability using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Rib 1×1 and interlock structures were simulated with varying loop densities and plain weft-knitted fabric models. The geometrical models of plain weft-knitted fabrics were studied using the Peirce model, the Leaf and Glaskin model, the Vassiliadis model, and Kurbak model, which considers the real shape of knit loops in three-dimensional space. A unit cell for each model was created with a single line of yarn path using SolidWorks software. Comput

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Sheng, Shang Zhong, and Suong van Hoa. "Modeling of 3D Angle Interlock Woven Fabric Composites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 16, no. 1 (2003): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705703016001206.

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Jevšnik, Simona, Zoran Stjepanovič, Lea Heikinheimo, and Karl Gotlih. "Effect of enzyme treatments on interlock knitted fabric." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 23, no. 1 (2011): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556221111096741.

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Boussu, François, Irina Cristian, and Saad Nauman. "General definition of 3D warp interlock fabric architecture." Composites Part B: Engineering 81 (November 2015): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.07.013.

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Kayseri, Gonca Özçelik, and Erhan Kirtay. "Part II. Predicting the Pilling Tendency of the Cotton Interlock Knitted Fabrics by Artificial Neural Network." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 4 (2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000417.

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Artificial neural network (ANN) is a mathematical model inspired by biological neural networks and it processes information using a connectionist approach to computation. The aim of the second part of the study is to determine models for estimating the pilling propensity of the interlock knitted fabrics produced from yarns of different yarn counts (Ne 20, Ne 30, Ne 40) and yarn twist coefficients (αe=3.2, αe=3.6, αe=4.0) spun by using seven different cotton types harvested from different regions. The fabrics were manufactured in three different tightness factors, including dense, medium, and l

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Zhai, Ya Li, and Li Hong Bai. "Study on Hygroscopicity/Easy Dry Properties of Cooldry Polyester Knitted Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.90.

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The prupose of this paper was to study hygroscopicity /easy dry properties of Cooldry knitted fabrics to facilitate product development. The capillary effect, moisture absorption, time of drip-diffusion, amount of evaporation, moisture permeability and ventilation properties of knitted fabrics made of different fabric structures and fiber contents such as Cooldry, soybean protein/Cooldry, soybean protein fiber, polyester/cotton were tested to evaluate their hygroscopicity /easy dry properties using grey clustering analysis. The results show that the Cooldry knitted fabrics are superior to soyb

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UTKUN, EMİNE. "Comparison of sensorial comfort properties of different cotton fabrics using the Kawabata Evaluation System." Industria Textila 72, no. 06 (2021): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.072.06.20217.

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Cotton fabrics are among the most preferred fabrics for both underwear and outerwear. The sensory comfort properties of the fabrics are important for consumers’ choice of clothing. The majority of consumers visually like the clothes that they buy and try to feel these features sensually by touching them, and then, they may want to try the garment or they can make direct purchasing decisions according to these tactile feelings. In this study, the sensorial properties of a double-layered cotton fabric developed for use as a garment were compared and evaluated with cotton plain woven and interloc

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Nayak, Rajkishore, Sinnappoo Kanesalingam, Shadi Houshyar, Lijing Wang, Rajiv Padhye, and Arun Vijayan. "Evaluation of thermal, moisture management and sensorial comfort properties of superabsorbent polyacrylate fabrics for the next-to-skin layer in firefighters’ protective clothing." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 9 (2017): 1077–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517697640.

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This research investigated the transport properties (such as thermal resistance, water vapor resistance and air permeability), moisture management capacity and sensorial properties of some knitted structures of superabsorbent polyacrylate in order to explore their potential as next-to-skin layers in firefighters’ protective clothing in Australia. Test results using these fabrics were compared with the currently used next-to-skin woven fabric. Three different knitted structures (i.e. jersey, rib and interlock) were selected for the study in addition to the current woven fabric in use by Austral

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Kalkanci, Mihriban, Gülseren Kurumer, Hasan Öztürk, Mahmut Sinecen, and Özlem Kayacan. "Artificial Neural Network System for Prediction of Dimensional Properties of Cloth in Garment Manufacturing: Case Study on a T-Shirt." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (August 31, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2859.

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The purpose of the present study was to estimate dimensional measure properties of T-shirts made up of Single Jersey and interlock fabrics through Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). To that end, 72 different types of t-shirts were manufactured under 2 different fabric groups, each was consisting of 2 groups: one with elastane and the other without. Each of these groups were manufactured from six different materials in three different densities through two different knitting techniques of single jersey and interlock. For estimation of dimensional changes in these T-shirts, models including feed-

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Yılmaz, Elif, and Banu Özgen Keleş. "Investigation of the Physical Properties of Yarns with Varying Recycled Cotton Fiber Content and Cotton/Polyester Blended Knitted Fabrics." Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 40, no. 2 (2025): 387–401. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1623677.

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The textile industry is a major waste producer due to its high production volume and increasing consumption rates. Therefore, recycling and re-using textile waste for production is crucial for environmental sustainability. This study examines the physical properties of cotton/polyester blended knitted fabrics produced with yarns containing four different recycled cotton fiber ratios. In the first part, yarns with varying recycled fiber content were evaluated for unevenness, tensile strength, and friction properties by changing yarn count and twist. In the second part, rib and interlock fabrics

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Sarker, Ruma, Chandra Sarker, Arnob Pranta, and Joykrisna Saha. "Impact of internal notation and hetero bifunctional reactive dyes on color performance, mechanical and dimensional stability of cellulose-based biomaterials." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2025): 52. https://doi.org/10.2298/jsc250526052s.

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Internal notation factors influence the quality of cellulose-based biomaterials dyed with hetero bifunctional reactive dyes. Different internal notations of materials, such as Single Jersey, Rib and Interlock affect different coloration parameters like dye uptake, color fastness and strength. This research work aims to analyze the influence of various internal notations on color performance with hetero bifunctional reactive dyes. It also intends to identify the varying shades and the manufacturing internal notation factors for achieving consistent color quality and durability across different

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Huong, Chu Dieu, Dao Thi Chinh Thuy, and Nguyen Thi Tu Trinh. "THE INFLUENCE OF CORE - SHELL RATIO ON CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROCAPSULES CONTAINING CINNAMON ESSENTIAL OIL APPLIED TO AROMATHERAPEUTIC TEXTILES." Fibres and Textiles 29, no. 2 (2022): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/008/2022-2-007.

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Microencapsulation is one of the techniques to prepare the functional textiles. In this paper the essential cinnamon oil loaded microcapsules were prepared by solvent evaporation method. In the microencapsulation process, the core - shell ratio was changed by altering the cinnamon oil content in four levels of 0.15, 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45 g while the other components remained unchanged. The microcapsule characteristics including shape and morphology, size and size distribution, microencapsulation efficiency in dependence on the core-shell ratio were investigated. The antimicrobial capacity and th

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Zhang, Mei Ling, Rui Wang, Jian Qing Ye, and Zhan Gang Wang. "Design and Comparison of Three Kinds of Structures for Fabric Keyboard Switch." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 947–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.947.

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Flexible fabric keyboard is a field of smart textile. It can overcome traditional horniness keyboard can’t be foldable and washing. Because conventional keyboard’s switch is matrix circuit, two conductive layers are not touchable due to action of a middle insulating layer in relaxing. When the key is pressed, two conductive layers contact and form electric current. In this laboratory study there are three kinds of structure designed such as through-thickness angle interlock, trapezia and X shape structure which consist of the support part and the orifice part. Conductive filaments are 8 roots

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Li, Mengru, Peng Wang, François Boussu, and Damien Soulat. "Effect of Fabric Architecture on Tensile Behaviour of the High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene 3-Dimensional Interlock Composite Reinforcements." Polymers 12, no. 5 (2020): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051045.

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As promising fibrous reinforcements in the thick composites manufacturing, 3-dimensional warp interlock fabrics (3DWIFs) are recognised more and more in the industry for their outstanding mechanical properties compared to the 2D laminates. The present work shows the influence of the fabric’s architecture on the tensile behaviour of 3DWIFs. Five kinds of 3D fabrics with different interlock structures have been designed according to the main category of binding warp yarn evolution. These five 3DWIFs, containing both binding and stuffer warp yarns and produced with the same warp and weft densitie

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Fan, Wei, Dan-dan Li, Jia-lu Li, et al. "Electromagnetic properties of three-dimensional woven carbon fiber fabric/epoxy composite." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 20 (2017): 2353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517723022.

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To investigate the reinforcement architectures effect on the electromagnetic wave properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites, three-dimensional (3D) interlock woven fabric/epoxy composites, 3D interlock woven fabric with stuffer warp/epoxy composites, and 3D orthogonal woven fabric/epoxy composites were studied by the free-space measurement system. The results showed that the three types of 3D woven carbon fiber fabric/epoxy composites had a slight difference in electromagnetic wave properties and the absorption was their dominant radar absorption mechanism. The electromagnetic w

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Yang, Yingxue, Xiuqin Zhang, Xiaogang Chen, and Shengnan Min. "Numerical Study on the Effect of Z-Warps on the Ballistic Responses of Para-Aramid 3D Angle-Interlock Fabrics." Materials 14, no. 3 (2021): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030479.

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In order to achieve an efficient ballistic protection at a low weight, it is necessary to deeply explore the energy absorption mechanisms of ballistic fabric structures. In this paper, finite element (FE) yarn-level models of the designed three-dimensional (3D) angle-interlock (AI) woven fabrics and the laminated two-dimensional (2D) plain fabrics are established. The ballistic impact responses of fabric panels with and without the interlocking Z-warp yarns during the projectile penetration are evaluated in terms of their energy absorption, deformation, and stress distribution. The Z-warps in

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