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Paulanda, Jepri. "PENERAPAN INTERLOCK PROTOCOL DALAM PENCEGAHAN MAN-IN-THE-MIDDLE-ATTACK." JURNAL MAHAJANA INFORMASI 1, no. 2 (2018): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/jurnalmi.v1i2.168.
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Problema man-in-the-middle-attack ini dapat diilustrasikan sebagai berikut, misalkan Alice dan Bob sedang berkomunikasi dan Mallory ingin menyadapnya. Ketika Alice mengirimkan kunci publiknya kepada Bob, Mallory dapat menangkap kunci ini dan mengirimkan kunci publiknya sendiri kepada Bob. Kemudian, ketika Bob mengirimkan kunci publiknya kepada Alice, Mallory juga dapat menangkap kunci tersebut dan mengirimkan kunci publiknya sendiri kepada Alice. Ketika Alice mengirimkan pesan kepada Bob yang dienkripsi dengan menggunakan kunci publik Bob, Mallory dapat menangkapnya. Karena pesan tersebut dienkripsi dengan menggunakan kunci publik Mallory, maka Mallory dapat mendekripsikan pesan tersebut dengan menggunakan kunci privatnya dan kemudian dienkripsi kembali dengan menggunakan kunci publik dari Bob dan mengirimkannya kepada Bob. Hal yang sama juga terjadi ketika Bob mengirimkan pesan kepada Alice. Mallory dapat mengetahui semua pesan yang dikirimkan oleh Bob dan Alice tersebut. Problema man-in-the-middle-attack ini dapat dicegah dengan menggunakan interlock protocol. Interlock protocol ini diciptakan oleh Ron Rivest dan Adi Shamir. Setelah menyelesaikan perangkat lunak simulasi pemanfaatan metode interlock protocol untuk mengatasi man-in-the-middle-attack, perangkat lunak mensimulasikan proses kerja man-in-the-middle-attack sebagai salah satu bentuk penyerangan terhadap metode kriptografi publik dan proses kerja interlock protocol untuk mengatasinya, sehingga perangkat lunak dapat digunakan untuk mendukung proses belajar mengajar, terutama dalam mata kuliah Kriptografi. Kata Kunci : Kriptografi, man-in-the-middle-attack, interlock protocol
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Pasaribu, Maranata, and Marice Hotnauli Simbolon. "Perancangan Simulator Interlock Protocol saat Serangan Man-in-the-Middle-Attack pada Kriptografi Kunci Publik RSA." LOFIAN: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.58918/lofian.v1i1.157.
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Dalam proses transmisi data, walaupun data telah dienkripsi, namun terdapat kemungkinan bahwa data tersebut dapat dimiliki oleh orang lain. Salah satu kemungkinan tersebut adalah dengan terjadinya penyadapan media komunikasi yang digunakan oleh kedua orang yang sedang berkomunikasi tersebut. Problema man-in-the-middle-attack ini dapat dicegah dengan menggunakan interlock protocol. Algoritma inti dari protokol ini yaitu mengirimkan 2 bagian pesan terenkripsi. Bagian pertama dapat berupa hasil dari fungsi hash satu arah (one way hash function) dari pesan tersebut dan bagian kedua berupa pesan terenkripsi itu sendiri. Penelitian ini akan merancang perangkat lunak simulasi yang dapat menjelaskan proses kerja dari man-in-the-middle-attack dalam menyadap dan mengubah pesan, menjelaskan proses kerja interlock protocol untuk mengatasi problema Man-In-The-Middle-Attack. Setelah menyelesaikan perangkat lunak simulasi, peneliti menarik kesimpulan: Dengan menggunakan interlock protocol, walaupun kunci publik pihak penerima dan pengirim didapatkan dan diganti oleh penyadap, tetapi penyadap tidak dapat menjalankan prosedur man-in-the-middle-attack untuk melihat dan mengubah pesan. Hal ini dikarenakan pesan terenkripsi terbagi menjadi dua bagian pada variasi pertama dan terdapat fungsi hash untuk memverifikasi keaslian pesan pada variasi kedua.
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Tae-Ho, Cho, and Jeon Garam-Moe. "DYNAMIC DELAY TIME DECISION METHOD FOR ENHANCING SECURITY OF THE FORCED LATENCY INTERLOCK PROTOCOL IN INTERNET OF THINGS." International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah 4, no. 2 (2017): 151–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.848114.
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Most devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) utilize WiMAX communication, and Femtocells are used to provide reliable communication by eliminating shaded areas where wireless signals become weaker with distance and underground facilities. One downfall of this method is the possibility of eavesdropping through Man-in-the-Middle attacks. Forced latency interlock protocol is used to detect these attacks. This protocol uses a fixed latency value and does not consider packet size and distance. In this paper, we propose a dynamic delay time decision method for reducing the fixed delay time of the forced latency interlock protocol in wireless communications based on the IoT. The evaluation function considers the distance between the device, the packet size, and the bit rate of the broadband internet. The simulation experiments demonstrate the validity of our method, which reduces delay time by an average of 88.19% and increases detection rate by an average of 7.97%.
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Cho, Tae-Ho, and Garam-Moe Jeon. "DYNAMIC DELAY TIME DECISION METHOD FOR ENHANCING SECURITY OF THE FORCED LATENCY INTERLOCK PROTOCOL IN INTERNET OF THINGS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 2 (2016): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i2.2016.2825.
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Most devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) utilize WiMAX communication, and Femtocells are used to provide reliable communication by eliminating shaded areas where wireless signals become weaker with distance and underground facilities. One downfall of this method is the possibility of eavesdropping through Man-in-the-Middle attacks. Forced latency interlock protocol is used to detect these attacks. This protocol uses a fixed latency value and does not consider packet size and distance. In this paper, we propose a dynamic delay time decision method for reducing the fixed delay time of the forced latency interlock protocol in wireless communications based on the IoT. The evaluation function considers the distance between the device, the packet size, and the bit rate of the broadband internet. The simulation experiments demonstrate the validity of our method, which reduces delay time by an average of 88.19% and increases detection rate by an average of 7.97%.
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Bellovin, S. M., and M. Merritt. "An attack on the Interlock Protocol when used for authentication." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 40, no. 1 (1994): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.272497.
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BAX, H., and U. WÄTJEN. "AUTOMATIZATION OF A PIXE SYSTEM FOR SERIES OF BIO-MEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSES." International Journal of PIXE 02, no. 03 (1992): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083592000294.
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The PIXE chamber of CBNM, designed for high flexibility in analytical conditions and high throughput of samples, is equipped with stepper motors to serve the various movable components in the chamber. A versatile motor controller was designed which is steering all motors in the chamber, allows for a safety interlock system, and which can readily be expanded or adapted to more and other types of stepper motors if necessary. By interfacing this controller to a computer via the IEEE-488 protocol, it can be remotely controlled in order to automatize complete series of full analysis cycles. An integrated software package has been written, which combines the motor steering—including the necessary safety interlocks—with the control of all MCA functions under a single menu-oriented program. The modular design of the controller and the interfacing by standard IEEE-488 make it portable to other experiment environments.
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Feng, Jianyu, Yidong Yuan, Tianting Zhao, Xin Yang, Fang Liu, and Yue Zhuo. "Implementation of an Isolated I2C Interface Device Based on OOK Codec." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2378, no. 1 (2022): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2378/1/012045.
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Abstract As a wide used protocol in industry, BMS and T&D system, I2C bus with isolation features stands out to provide additional safety protection and noise immunity. This paper introduces an implementation method of the isolated I2C interface device with high reliability and low delay. This device can meet the I2C ultra-high speed working mode with communication frequency of 1.7MHz as well as prevent the occurrence of interlock in bi-directional communication. The device is fabricated in 0.18um CMOS process.
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SVOZIL, KARL. "FEASIBILITY OF THE INTERLOCK PROTOCOL AGAINST MAN-IN-THE-MIDDLE ATTACKS ON QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY." International Journal of Quantum Information 03, no. 04 (2005): 649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749905001511.
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If an eavesdropper succeeds in compromising the quantum as well as the classical channels and mimics the receiver "Bob" for the sender "Alice" and vice versa, one defence strategy is the successive, temporally interlocked partial transmission of the entire encrypted message.
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Fotohi, Reza, Somayyeh Firoozi Bari, and Mehdi Yusefi. "Securing Wireless Sensor Networks Against Denial-of-Sleep Attacks Using RSA Cryptography Algorithm and Interlock Protocol." International Journal of Communication Systems 33, no. 4 (2019): e4234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.4234.
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Li, J., P. Cao, Y. Wang, and W. Wang. "A clock synchronization and trigger distribution scheme for China Spallation Neutron Source." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 06 (2024): P06039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/06/p06039.
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Abstract China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a complex system engineering composed of particle accelerators, a target station, and neutron spectrometers with various equipment types and distribution. The collaborative operation of the equipment requires accurate clock synchronization and trigger distribution. Currently, to meet the requirements of different system devices, clock synchronization and trigger distribution in CSNS are implemented based on different methods, resulting in complex clock and trigger networks, demanding upgrades, and a lack of unified timestamps. This paper proposes a clock synchronization and trigger distribution scheme based on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and single-mode dual-core fiber link. The decoupling of clock phase synchronization and time base synchronization improves the frequency of phase compensation. Benefiting from the phase interpolator (PI) in the FPGA transceivers, high-precision phase compensation and phase deterministic control are realized, achieving picoseconds synchronization precision and stability in the four-level network. Based on the custom lightweight link layer protocol, by optimizing the routing method of data frames and adopting priority control, the transmission of multiple data is realized, and the hardware delay of the critical data, such as interlock, is guaranteed to be less than 1.5 μs in the four-level system. The scheme provides a general precise clock synchronization and distributed trigger method for CSNS devices, simplifies the system complexity, and is conducive to the system upgrade in the second stage.
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Shebilske, Wayne L., Jeffrey A. Jordan, Winfred Arthur, and J. Wesley Regian. "Combining a Multiple Emphasis on Components Protocol with Small Group Protocols for Training Complex Skills." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 18 (1993): 1216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701803.
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An Active Interlocked Modeling (AIM) Dyadic protocol for training complex skills, an AIM Tetradic protocol, and an Individual Control protocol were tested alone and in combination with a Multiple Emphasis on Components (MEC) protocol creating 6 conditions for training a complex computer game. We randomly assigned 120 paid subjects to the six conditions. Total game score improved over 10-1 hr sessions for all conditions. Improvement rate replicated advantages previously reported for AIM Dyad, AIM Tetrad, and MEC over the Individual Control. The AIM Dyad with MEC was better than either the AIM Dyad or the Individual with MEC. The AIM Tetrad with MEC was worse than either the AIM Tetrad or the Individual with MEC. Similar patterns occurred on retention, transfer, and resistance to secondary task interference. We discuss implications for acquiring and automatizing attention control strategies through observational learning.
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Xue, Ji Wen, Qun Ma, Zheng Liu, Rui Ling Li, and Hua Li Li. "Design of Interlnk Protocol Packet at Embedded Linux." Advanced Materials Research 1037 (October 2014): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1037.435.
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Aiming at the file transmission problem between electronic controller for an engine and the portable test equipment based on AT91SAM9263 and Linux, the Interlnk/Intersvr software and their communicating protocol are analyzed and studied which used by electronic controller. The message format and communicating process are made clear by putting up protocol analysis environment at laboratory and source code analysis, FAT file system structure and its access methods are studied, and the file transmission function of test equipment has been fulfilled. The results of test indicate that the desired goals have been reached.
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Rashid, Md Mamunur, and Hiroyuki Kurata. "Coupling protocol of interlocked feedback oscillators in circadian clocks." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 167 (2020): 20200287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0287.
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Circadian rhythms (approx. 24 h) show the robustness of key oscillatory features such as phase, period and amplitude against external and internal variations. The robustness of Drosophila circadian clocks can be generated by interlocked transcriptional–translational feedback loops, where two negative feedback loops are coupled through mutual activations. The mechanisms by which such coupling protocols have survived out of many possible protocols remain to be revealed. To address this question, we investigated two distinct coupling protocols: activator-coupled oscillators (ACO) and repressor-coupled oscillators (RCO). We focused on the two coupling parameters: coupling dissociation constant and coupling time-delay. Interestingly, the ACO was able to produce anti-phase or morning–evening cycles, whereas the RCO produced in-phase ones. Deterministic and stochastic analyses demonstrated that the anti-phase ACO provided greater fluctuations in amplitude not only with respect to changes in coupling parameters but also to random parameter perturbations than the in-phase RCO. Moreover, the ACO deteriorated the entrainability to the day–night master clock, whereas the RCO produced high entrainability. Considering that the real, interlocked feedback loops have evolved as the ACO, instead of the RCO, we first proposed a hypothesis that the morning–evening or anti-phase cycle is more essential for Drosophila than achieving robustness and entrainability.
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Zhao, Zi Xu, Xiao Qing Song, Zhi Feng Yan, and Yong Xing Chen. "IrLAP Protocol Performance Analysis of IrDA Wireless Communications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 1843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1843.
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The technology of infrared wireless communication offers us a wireless connection and communication mode that is low cost, high speed and short distance. IrDA infrared data association brings forward IrDA infrared communication protocol that is the base of a large number of equipments, interlink with infrared data interface. This paper introduces IrDA standard and the frame structure of IrDA standard. An improve analysis is presented linking processor of IrLAP.
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Shebilskem, Wayne L., J. Wesley Regian, Winfred Arthur, and Jeffrey A. Jordan. "A Dyadic Protocol for Training Complex Skills." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 34, no. 3 (1992): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872089203400309.
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We tested a dyadic training protocol derived from cognitive and social theories of complex skill acquisition. Forty undergraduates practiced Space Fortress, a video game-like research tool, for 10 sessions of eight practice and two test games. Half of them practiced and tested alone; the others had identical tests but dyadic practice, in which they controlled part of each practice while being interlocked with a partner who controlled the rest. Subjects practiced both parts and their connections by alternating roles and by modeling their partners. Trainer time and resources were half for the dyadic group, and performance was equivalent. We discuss applied and basic implications of this 100% increase in training efficiency.
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Pang, Dachling, and Veetai Li. "AtlantoAxial Rotatory Fixation: Part 3—A Prospective Study of the Clinical Manifestation, Diagnosis, Management, and Outcome of Children with AlantoAxial Rotatory Fixation." Neurosurgery 57, no. 5 (2005): 954–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000180052.81699.81.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: This is a prospective study of the clinical manifestations, diagnostic motion analysis, management, and outcome of children with atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF). METHODS: Fifty children presenting with painful torticollis were subjected to the three-head positions diagnostic computed tomographic scanning protocol described in Part II of our AARF study. Twenty-nine children qualified as having AARF (8 Type I, 11 Type II, and 10 Type III), and six children were classified in the diagnostic gray zone (DGZ). The AARF patients were given either halter or calipers traction depending on the type and chronicity of pretreatment delay. Upon reduction, patients were immobilized with either a cervicothoracic brace or a halo. Recurrence of AARF on halo and patients whose deformity was not reducible were given posterior C1C2 fusion at the best achievable alignment. The difficulty and results of treatment were measured according to the following: duration of traction, number of reduction slippage, percent not reducible by traction, percent needing halo, percent needing fusion, total duration of treatment, total number of treatment procedures, and percent who lost normal C1C2 dynamics. Results were compared between groups stratified by AARF types, by chronicity of pretreatment delay (acute ≪ 1 mo, subacute = 1–3 mo, chronic ≥ 3 mo) and by the presence or absence of recurrence (recurrent AARF defined as having two or more slippages). DGZ patients were treated with only comfort measures for 2 weeks and then restudied. Only those children with persistent symptoms and DGZ or worse motion dynamics were given traction and bracing. RESULTS: Neither age nor etiology significantly influenced the severity of AARF. There was only a slight tendency for children younger than 5 years, and for trauma, to associate with severe C1C2 interlock. Delay of treatment up to 11 months did not result in improvement of the neck restriction or in abatement of pain. In fact, there are strong suggestions that prolonged delay could lead to worsening of the rotatory dynamics: Type I AARF are highly correlated with delays longer than 3 months and Type III with delays less than 1 month. Also, four patients who had serial motion studies during the delay period showed clear worsening in the pathological stickiness in C1C2 rotation. In addition, chronic rotatory deformity led to progressive occiput −C1 separation or laxity teleologically to compensate for a skewed visual axis. The mean occiput −C1 separation angle for chronic patients was 31.2° versus 5° for acute patients and less than 3° for normal children. The difficulty and duration of treatment, the number of reslippage after reduction, the rate of irreducibility, the need for halo and fusion, and the percentile of patients ultimately loosing normal C1C2 rotation were significantly greater with Type I patients than Type III patients, with Type II patients being intermediate. Likewise, chronic patients of all AARF types were much worse in all parameters than acute patients; subacute patients were closer to chronic patients in complexity and outcome. Severity and chronicity exerted independent effects on outcome, and the worse identifiable subgroup were the chronic Type I patients versus the best subgroup of acute Type III patients. Thirteen patients developed recurrent AARF; they had much worse prognosis in all aspects measured than nonrecurrent patients. Recurrence was adversely influenced by both the severity (type) and chronicity of AARF. Half of the DGZ patients resolved with analgesics, but two of six remained symptomatic and in DGZ dynamics, and one deteriorated to Type III AARF. Two of those three patients responded easily to traction and bracing, and one was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Children with painful torticollis should be subjected to the three-position computed tomographic diagnostic protocol, not only to secure the diagnosis of AARF but also to grade the severity of the condition by virtue of the dynamic motion curve. Closed reduction with traction should be instituted immediately to avoid the serious consequences of chronic AARF. Proper typing and reckoning of the pretreatment delay are requisites for selecting treatment modalities. Recurrent dislocation and incomplete reduction should be treated with posterior C1C2 fusion in the best achievable alignment. Open reduction and halo immobilization to avoid permanent fixation can be tried with select cases.
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Adhi, B. Anantasatya, Ruki Harwahyu, Abdusy Syarif, Harris Simaremare, R. Fitri Sari, and Pascal Lorenz. "AODV-UI Proof of Concept on MIPS-based Wireless Router." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 10, no. 1 (2014): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v10i1.136.
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AODV routing protocol facilitates changing and simple-to-setup network environment. It helps setting up a network without sufficient infrastructure, such as in disaster area. Development of AODV protocol has gathered a worldwide research interest. However, not many researches implement AODV routing protocol in real mobile nodes and real MANET. In addition, real implementation deals with other works concerning underlying protocol, firmware and hardware configuration, as well as detailed topology both in logical and physical arrangement. This work aims to implements Ad-hoc On-demand Distant Vector – particularly University of Indonesia AODV (AODV-UI) routing protocol on low-end inexpensive generic wireless routers as a proof of concept. AODV-UI is an improved version of AODV routing protocol that implements gateway interconnection and reverse route capability. This routing protocol has been previously successfully tested in NS-2. In this work, current AODV-UI protocol is ported to OpenWRT + MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) little endian architecture then tested on the real networking environment. Underlying media access layer is also altered to provide the protocol greater control over the network. Performance of this implementation is measured in terms of energy consumption, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, protocol reliability and packet delivery ratio.
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Navrátil, Libor, Vincent Le Saux, Yann Marco, et al. "Understanding the damage mechanisms in 3D layer-to-layer woven composites from thermal and acoustic measurements." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 10 (2022): 1559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983221077331.
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This article deals with an interlock woven composite and aims at providing a better understanding of the dissipative mechanisms activated under cyclic loadings and describing the damage scenario characteristic of heat build-up experiments. Since the ultimate objective of heat build-up experiment analyses is usually fatigue life predictions that are based on constitutive modelling, the correct interpretation of experimental results is essential. Three different loading protocols are proposed. The instrumentation of these experiments includes infrared thermometry and acoustic emission monitoring. The results show that the coupling of these two techniques provides useful information in order to identify the most important dissipation sources: viscoelasticity, damage and friction. Furthermore, by analysing different loading sequences, it is possible to elaborate the dissipation evolution scenario as well as the damage evolution scenario occurring during heat build-up experiments.
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Lawal, Ishak, Ololade Kehinde Olayiwola, Halima Faurk, et al. "Emerging Evidence on Induction Chemotherapy and Implications for Care of Cervical Cancer Patients in Low Resource Settings." JCO Global Oncology 10, Supplement_1 (2024): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go-24-54000.
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PURPOSE Induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation was found to further improve both overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) for locally advance cervical cancer in a phase 3 INTERLACE trial. This is a significant improvement in the care of cervical cancer since the 1999 clinical announcement of chemoradiation as the standard of care by National Institute of Health (NIH). We hereby propose exploration of the application of the study to improve cervical cancer care in low resource settings. METHODS We constructed a typical clinical course for a cervical cancer patient in low resource settings based on interactions with our patients needing radiotherapy services. We then conducted a desktop review of literature to broaden our understanding of interventions employed by other healthcare providers in low resource settings to provide care for cervical cancer patients needing radiotherapy services. Those interventions involving use of chemotherapy were further explored in the light of the findings of the INTERLACE trials for possible extrapolation of evidence. RESULTS The challenges of access to radiotherapy services in low resource settings is multifactorial including availability, affordability, accessibility, acceptability and sustainability factors. There are robust multinational collaborative efforts to address the availability factors with little or no considerations for the other factors. Chemotherapy similar to the protocol used in the INTERLACE trial has been innovatively used in various settings to provide some care for cervical cancer patients needing but not able to receive radiotherapy services due to various factors. There is however no documented evidence on impact of such innovations on the burden of cervical cancer in settings where they are applied. CONCLUSION The INTERLACE trial has opened a new frontier on the role of chemotherapy in the management of locally advanced cervical cancer that can be further explored to improve the outcome of care in resource constraints settings with limited access to radiotherapy services.
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Vignon, Scott A., and J. Fraser Stoddart. "Exploring Dynamics and Stereochemistry in Mechanically-Interlocked Compounds." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70, no. 10 (2005): 1493–576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20051493.
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The advent of self-assembly and template-directed synthetic protocols has led to a tremendous surge in the number of mechanically-interlocked compounds being prepared and studied. As these investigations are being carried out, it is becoming increasingly apparent that many of these compounds, known as catenanes and rotaxanes, possess unique dynamic and stereochemical properties. In addition, the drive to create molecular switches and machines for nanotechnological applications has generated a need to understand how to control those properties in condensed phases. Here, we present an overview of the field with regard to the solution dynamics and stereochemistry of mechanically-interlocked compounds - as well as to some related structural types - and review the recent results from our own research in some detail. 1H NMR spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for probing both degenerate and nondegenerate dynamic processes in these compounds, as well as for identifying stereoisomers if they are present in solution. The results of several variable temperature NMR investigations on the effects of structural changes upon the dynamic processes and stimulated relative motions of components in catenanes and rotaxanes, as well as in some self-complexes and pretzelanes, are discussed. A review with 90 references.
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Bomer, Randy, and Tasha Laman. "Positioning in a Primary Writing Workshop: Joint Action in the Discursive Production of Writing Subjects." Research in the Teaching of English 38, no. 4 (2004): 420–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/rte20042952.
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Drawn from a year-long study in a combined first- and second-grade classroom, this article presents an interpretive portrait of two young students engaged in spontaneous talk while writing. We analyze their conversations to explore the subject positions these student writers assumed, those they assigned each other, and the related functions they assigned the texts they composed. Through our close reading of their conversations, we develop an analytic protocol for positional microanalysis of everyday conversations that honors the intertwined social and emotional dimensions of peer interactions. Countering those who would cast literacy development as the sequential attainment of discrete cognitive skills, we consider the ways that these social and emotional dimensions may interlace with intellectual growth as young children struggle to become students, writers, and people.
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Yan, Yihong, Wenbo Li, Chaochao Liu, and Boyang Pan. "Comprehensive Review of Thermally Induced Self-Healing Behavior in Asphalt Mixtures and the Role of Steel Slag." Coatings 15, no. 6 (2025): 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060668.
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Asphalt pavements face escalating challenges from traffic loading, climate change, and material degradation, necessitating innovative maintenance solutions. Thermally induced self-healing technologies, leveraging the viscoelastic properties of asphalt binders, can autonomously repair microcracks through targeted thermal activation. This review explored thermally induced self-healing in asphalt mixtures, with a focus on leveraging steel slag as a functional aggregate to enhance sustainability and durability. Two thermal-activation methods, electromagnetic induction and microwave heating, were critically analyzed, highlighting their distinct advantages in heating efficiency, depth, and uniformity. Steel slag offers dual benefits: improving mechanical interlock and skid resistance in mixtures while facilitating efficient heat generation via electromagnetic induction or microwave heating. However, challenges such as hydration-induced expansion, heterogeneous slag composition, and energy-intensive heating processes impede widespread adoption. Pretreatment methods, including natural aging, carbonation, and surface modifications, are essential to mitigate volumetric instability and optimize slag performance. Key factors influencing healing efficacy, including binder properties, operational parameters (e.g., microwave power, frequency), and environmental trade-offs, were systematically evaluated. Future research directions emphasized standardized pretreatment protocols, hybrid heating technologies for uniform temperature distribution, and smart-infrastructure integration for predictive maintenance.
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Halihal, Ali. "Design and Implementation of Wireless 4-20 mA Current Simulator." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 14, no. 2 (2018): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.14.2.7.
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This paper presents new device to simulate and inject a 4-20 mA current signal to PLC and control on this signal wirelessly. The proposed simulator device has been designed and implemented by a PIC 18f4520 microcontroller and an Ethernet click. This device is connected to Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) via Wi-Fi router using TCP/IP protocol. The simulator has two channels for 4-20 mA current output signals with two channels for digital output signals, controlled by a laptop or a smart mobile. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the usefulness of the Wi-Fi wireless technology for remote controlling on the 4-20 mA output current signal and the digital output signal in the designed simulator device. The experiments indicate that the proposed wireless simulator outputs the 4-20 mA current with high accuracy and very fast response. The experiments also indicate that the proposed wireless simulator is easy, comfortable and convenient practically to use in the test operations of protections, interlocks and integrity of analog input channels for PLC compared to the wired simulator.
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Hochstenbach, Patrick, Ruben Verborgh, and Herbert Van de Sompel. "Event Notifications and Event Logs." International Journal of Digital Curation 19, no. 1 (2025): 13. https://doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v19i1.920.
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The “Event Notifications in Value-Adding Networks” specification provides an interoperable fabric that can be used in scholarly communication to exchange messages among data nodes that make scholarly artifacts available to the network and service nodes that add value to these artifacts. For example, a data repository can have a request-response conversation with a long-term archive that results in the latter relaying the coordinates of an archived version of the dataset to the repository. The push-oriented notification protocol is based on W3C Recommendations, both regarding the messaging protocol and payloads. Implementations of the protocol are in various stages of maturity, the most advanced being the COAR Notify effort that focuses on overlay peer review as a service. An important consequence, and actual design goal, of the conversational interoperability approach, is the ability it provides to bi-directionally interlink the scholarly artifact and the service result in real-time, providing an attractive alternative to current interlinking approaches that by and large are heuristic-based and generate results with significant delays. Another consequence is the ability to publish an Event Log for each scholarly artifact that lists all event notifications that were exchanged about it, providing full transparency about its entire life cycle, including where and how it was registered, archived, reviewed, commented upon, etc. This paper describes essential aspects of the Event Notification protocol and illustrates it using a scenario. It then describes the Event Logs concept and illustrates it by means of that same scenario. It then gives an overview of challenges related to specifying Event Logs that are currently under investigation and largely relate to equipping them with affordances to make them verifiable and trustworthy.
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Jawade, Swapna. "Outcome of modified physiotherapy rehabilitation protocol on neuro-deficit foot drop secondary to postoperative stiffness of knee joint." Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11, no. 4 (2022): 5121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v11i4.1337.
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Post-operative stiffness of knee joint along with neuro-deficit foot drop damage is a complication following open fracture of lower limb. To prevent damage of soft tissue, flap is needed. Lifting of limb is hampered in foot drop, seen in problems such as stroke. Aim of Modified physiotherapy rehabilitation is to help in early sensory and motor reeducation in foot drop secondary to postoperative stiffness. A 19 Year male was diagnosed as compound grade IIIB fracture of tibia fibula and was operated for interlocked nail with skin graft. After 1 week patient was referred to physiotherapy OPD with complaints of pain, restricted range of motion, stiffness, decreased strength adhesion formation and swelling over right leg. Patient was treated 5 days per week for 8 weeks. Modified physiotherapy rehabilitation was given for 8 weeks which include muscle energy technique, electrical stimulation, Maitland’s mobilization, mulligan’s technique. Physical examination and phase wise exercise is described in case report. So this case report concluded that modified physiotherapy rehabilitation have significantly improve and restore normal range of motion, reduce pain and stiffness, increase strength and functional activities.
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Qiu, Yunyan, Bo Song, Cristian Pezzato, et al. "A precise polyrotaxane synthesizer." Science 368, no. 6496 (2020): 1247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb3962.
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Mechanically interlocked molecules are likely candidates for the design and synthesis of artificial molecular machines. Although polyrotaxanes have already found niche applications in exotic materials with specialized mechanical properties, efficient synthetic protocols to produce them with precise numbers of rings encircling their polymer dumbbells are still lacking. We report the assembly line–like emergence of poly[n]rotaxanes with increasingly higher energies by harnessing artificial molecular pumps to deliver rings in pairs by cyclical redox-driven processes. This programmable strategy leads to the precise incorporation of two, four, six, eight, and 10 rings carrying 8+, 16+, 24+, 32+, and 40+ charges, respectively, onto hexacationic polymer dumbbells. This strategy depends precisely on the number of redox cycles applied chemically or electrochemically, in both stepwise and one-pot manners.
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Najjari-Jamal, Dina, Marc Juarez, Sofia Cordoba, Francisco Celada, Milica Stefanovic, and Cristina Gutierrez. "The Crucial Role of Advanced Image-Guided Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer in the Era of Systemic Treatment Intensification." Cancers 17, no. 11 (2025): 1809. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17111809.
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Background/Objectives: Recent advancements in the treatment of LACC have focused on improving outcomes through systemic treatment intensification. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the brachytherapy (BT) techniques employed in recent studies that are likely to change upcoming clinical guidelines, and to discuss the evolving role of IGABT in optimizing patient outcomes. Methods: This review focuses on BT practices reported across main phase III trials—OUTBACK, INTERLACE, CALLA, and KEYNOTE A18—compared with the EMBRACE I study. Analyzed parameters include BT modality, dose prescription techniques, imaging guidance, and overall treatment time (OTT). Results: In EMBRACE I, MRI-based IGABT was mandatory, with 43% of patients receiving an intracavitary/interstitial (IC/IS) applicator; cumulative EQD2 D90 HR-CTV was 90 Gy with a median OTT of 46 days. The OUTBACK trial relied predominantly on point A-based BT, with limited use of volume-based BT (28%). The INTERLACE trial reported mixed BT approaches: 70% point A-based, 30% volume-based, and 20% 2D BT. A median cervical dose of 79.4 Gy was reported. CALLA maintained strong protocol adherence, with 60% volume-based BT and a median tumor EQD2 dose of 83 Gy, although lower in the Japan cohort. In the KEYNOTE A 18 cohort, volume-based BT was performed in 88% of patients, with a median D90 HR-CTV dose of 87 Gy; IC/IS applicators were used in 23% of cases. Conclusions: Across these major studies, the following consistent pattern emerges: the quality and technique of BT impact survival outcomes and toxicity profile in LACC. MRI-based IGABT—with the use of IC/IS applicators when needed—is essential.
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Barin, Gokhan, Ross S. Forgan, and J. Fraser Stoddart. "Mechanostereochemistry and the mechanical bond." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468, no. 2146 (2012): 2849–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2012.0117.
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The chemistry of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs), in which two or more covalently linked components are held together by mechanical bonds , has led to the coining of the term mechanostereochemistry to describe a new field of chemistry that embraces many aspects of MIMs, including their syntheses, properties, topologies where relevant and functions where operative. During the rapid development and emergence of the field, the synthesis of MIMs has witnessed the forsaking of the early and grossly inefficient statistical approaches for template-directed protocols, aided and abetted by molecular recognition processes and the tenets of self-assembly. The resounding success of these synthetic protocols, based on templation, has facilitated the design and construction of artificial molecular switches and machines, resulting more and more in the creation of integrated functional systems. This review highlights (i) the range of template-directed synthetic methods being used currently in the preparation of MIMs; (ii) the syntheses of topologically complex knots and links in the form of stable molecular compounds; and (iii) the incorporation of bistable MIMs into many different device settings associated with surfaces, nanoparticles and solid-state materials in response to the needs of particular applications that are perceived to be fair game for mechanostereochemistry.
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Mohaddess Ali, Faghihi, and Kianifar Reza. "Lessons learnt from basin management in Iran and the world (case study Helmand, Danube and Colorado basins)." E3S Web of Conferences 346 (2022): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234604009.
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In recent years, river flow into Sistan dam changed because of construction of dams and expansion of irrigation areas in the upper Helmand basin. Planning for construction of more dams and heightening of Kajaki dam in Helmand basin shall intensify the severity of water shortage of Sistan dam and Hamun Lake. Sistan dam located at downstream of Helmand river on Sistan branch of the Helmand river, power shifts in Afghanistan and expansion of irrigation areas in upstream basins and absence of an integrated authority/management in the basin are the major problems. Political nature of international protocols for management of the basin is another problem for water resource management in the region. Above mentioned issues forced the local water authorities to solve the problems using natural and man-made reservoirs and interlink canals, called Chah-Nimeh dams. This study focused on comparison of Helmand, Danube and Colorado river basins to find possible acts in Helmand basin.
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Clark, Barry, Bartosz Wachowiak, Ewan W. Crawford, Zenon Jakubowski, and Janusz Kabata. "LIS–lnterlink—connecting laboratory information systems to remote primary health–care centres via the Internet." Journal of Automatic Chemistry 20, no. 3 (1998): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924698000091.
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A pilot study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of using the Internet to securely deliver patient laboratory results, and the system has subsequently gone into routine use in Poland. The system went from design to pilot and then to live implementation within a four-month period, resulting in the LIS-Interlink software product. Test results are retrieved at regular intervals from the BioLinkTMLIS (Laboratory Information System), encrypted and transferred to a secure area on the Web server. The primary health-care centres dial into the Internet using a local-cell service provided by Polish Telecom (TP), obtain a TCP/IP address using the TP DHCP server, and perform HTTP ‘get’ and ‘post’ operations to obtain the files by secure handshaking. The data are then automatically inserted into a local SQL database (with optional printing of incoming reports)for cumulative reporting and searching functions. The local database is fully multi-user and can be accessed from different clinics within the centres by a variety of networking protocols.
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Braun, Florence, Jérôme Hamelin, Gaëlle Gévaudan, and Dominique Patureau. "Development and Application of an Enzymatic and Cell Flotation Treatment for the Recovery of Viable Microbial Cells from Environmental Matrices Such as Anaerobic Sludge." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 24 (2011): 8487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05549-11.
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ABSTRACTEfficient dissociation of microorganisms from their aggregate matrix is required to study the microorganisms without interaction with their native environment (e.g., biofilms, flocs, granules, etc.) and to assess their community composition through the application of molecular or microscopy techniques. To this end, we combined enzymatic treatments and a cell extraction by density gradient to efficiently recover anaerobic microorganisms from urban wastewater treatment plant sludge. The enzymes employed (amylase, cellulase, DNase, and pectinase) as a pretreatment softly disintegrated the extrapolymeric substances (EPS) interlocked with the microorganisms. The potential damaging effects of the applied procedure on bacterial and archaeal communities were assessed by studying the variations in density (using quantitative PCR), diversity (using capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism fingerprinting [CE-SSCP]), and activity (using a standard anaerobic activity test) of the extracted microorganisms. The protocol preserved the general capacity of the microbial community to produce methane under anaerobic conditions and its diversity; particularly the archaeal community was not affected in terms of either density or structure. This cell extraction procedure from the matrix materials offers interesting perspectives for metabolic, microscopic, and molecular assays of microbial communities present in complex matrices constituted by bioaggregates or biofilms.
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Spector, Alan C., and Steven J. St. John. "Role of taste in the microstructure of quinine ingestion by rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 6 (1998): R1687—R1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.6.r1687.
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The microstructure of the licking behavior of water-deprived rats presented with either water or quinine during 45-min single-bottle tests was analyzed. The chorda tympani (CT) and glossopharyngeal (GL) nerves, which innervate the taste buds of the tongue, were transected in deeply anesthetized rats to discern their contribution to the behavioral pattern of quinine drinking. Rats were presurgically habituated to the testing protocol and postsurgically tested first with water and then novel 0.2 mM quinine-HCl in a subsequent session. The substantial decrease in intake observed in sham-operated controls ( n = 16) when quinine was the stimulus was entirely a function of a decrease in lick volume and burst size (a run of licks with interlick intervals <1 s). Contrary to the intake-suppressing effects of quinine, pause duration decreased and burst number increased. Combined transection of the CT and GL ( n = 6) strikingly opposed all of these quinine-induced behavioral changes, whereas CT transection ( n = 7) was without effect and GL transection ( n = 8) had an intermediate influence. These results suggest that taste acts more on neural circuits governing burst termination as opposed to burst initiation, which, in turn, appears to be more sensitive to signals related to physiological state. These findings are discussed in terms of other known nerve transection effects on quinine responsiveness, and the implications of the microstructural results are considered with respect to probabilistic as opposed to deterministic control of licking behavior.
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Cavalcanti, Danielle Pereira, and Wanderley de Souza. "The Kinetoplast of Trypanosomatids: From Early Studies of Electron Microscopy to Recent Advances in Atomic Force Microscopy." Scanning 2018 (June 19, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9603051.
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The kinetoplast is a specialized region of the mitochondria of trypanosomatids that harbors the most complex and unusual mitochondrial DNA found in nature. Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) is composed of thousands of circular molecules topologically interlocked to form a single network. Two types of DNA circles are present in the kinetoplast: minicircles (0.5–10 kb) and maxicircles (20–40 kb). Knowledge of kinetoplast architecture is crucial to understanding the replication and segregation of kDNA circles because the molecules involved in these processes are precisely positioned in functional domains throughout the kinetoplast. The fine structure of the kinetoplast was revealed in early electron microscopy (EM) studies. However, an understanding of the topological organization of kDNA was only demonstrated after the development of protocols to separate kDNA from nuclear DNA, followed by EM observations. Electron microscopy analysis of thin sections of trypanosomatids, spreading of isolated kDNA networks onto EM grids, deep-etching studies, and cytochemical and immunocytochemical approaches are examples of techniques that were useful for elucidating the structure and replication of the kinetoplast. Recently, atomic force microscopy has joined this set of techniques and improved our knowledge about the kDNA network and revealed new details about kDNA topology in trypanosomatids.
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Wark, Antje, Laura Hüfner, Eva Meixner, et al. "Clinical Impact of MRI-Guided Intracavitary–Interstitial Brachytherapy in the Curative Management of Advanced-Stage Cervical Cancer." Current Oncology 32, no. 3 (2025): 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32030136.
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This study investigates the clinical efficacy of MRI-based adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) using combined intracavitary and interstitial techniques in the curative treatment of patients with advanced cervical cancer (LACC). A retrospective analysis was conducted on 149 LACC patients treated at a single center. The therapeutic protocol included intensity-modulated external beam radiotherapy (IMRT) and IGABT. Dosimetric parameters were evaluated for relevance for local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan–Meier estimation, Cox regression, and log-rank test. Patients predominantly presented with stage III/IV tumors (81%, FIGO 2018). The median high-risk clinical target volume (hrCTV) was 34 cm3, with a median D90% dose of 88.9 GyEQD2. At 24 months, OS, PFS, and LC rates were 86%, 57%, and 81%, respectively. FIGO stage, tumor volume, and histology were significant predictors of PFS. Higher total hrCTV doses were strongly correlated with improved LC and PFS, emphasizing the importance of precise dosimetric optimization in IGABT and confirming the critical role of IGABT in achieving very good LC rates for LACC. The reported LC rates are comparable to landmark studies, such as INTERLACE and KEYNOTE-A18. This study validates the effectiveness of MRI-guided IGABT in enhancing local tumor control in advanced-stage cervical cancer while providing insights into the prognostic implications of dosimetric parameters such as hrCTV and point A. Future research should address the persistent challenge of distant metastases by exploring the integration of novel systemic treatment options.
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Soshina, T. O., M. V. Glazyrin, and D. V. Britov. "DEVELOPMENT OF A HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR THE REGISTRATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE EQUIPMENT OF A DRILLING RIG." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 302 (May 2022): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2022.05.pp.044-050.
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A technical solution was considered aimed at ensuring uninterrupted operation during drilling, the ability to continue work for several minutes after a power outage, fixing the parameters during drilling, namely the torque on the rotor/top drive, the possibility of expanding the functions of the complex, the minimum number of elements, minimum dimensions and weight, high reliability. The hardware and software complex for registering technological parameters of the drilling rig equipment includes: OWEN data collection module, MV110-8AS high-speed analog signal input module, SMI-2 LED indicator, SIEMENS power supply, Cyber Power uninterruptible power supply. The registration complex has the ability to record and save parameters on an external medium accessible for opening in any available software, displaying information on a graphical panel in real time of drilling parameters. The cost of the registration complex has been determined, which shows that this complex has a low cost and availability of component elements in comparison with existing analogues on the market. The total error of the recorder has been calculated. The transfer of information within the registrar occurs through its own communication channels. The information network of the registrar is a unified environment with the possibility of its further expansion. At the same time, sufficient information protection is provided, since the communication of devices with each other occurs according to their internal protocols, which excludes arbitrary connection to the recorder without certain settings. It is possible to implement on the basis of the complex additional technological protections, warning systems and interlocks, protection against high-voltage impulses, against short circuits, against overloads, and noise filtering.
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Danielli, Alberto, Davide Roncarati, Isabel Delany, Valentina Chiarini, Rino Rappuoli, and Vincenzo Scarlato. "In Vivo Dissection of the Helicobacter pylori Fur Regulatory Circuit by Genome-Wide Location Analysis." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 13 (2006): 4654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00120-06.
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ABSTRACT Iron homeostasis is particularly important in pathogenic bacteria, which need to compete with the host for this essential cofactor. In Helicobacter pylori, a causative agent of several gastric pathologies, iron uptake and storage genes are regulated at the transcriptional level by the ferric uptake regulator Fur. The regulatory circuit of Fur has recently come under focus because of an intimate interlink with a broader regulatory network governing metal homeostasis, acidic response, and virulence. To dissect the Fur regulatory circuit and identify in vivo targets of regulation, we developed a genome-wide location analysis protocol which allowed the identification of 200 genomic loci bound by Fur as well as the investigation of the binding efficiency of the protein to these loci in response to iron. Comparative analysis with transcriptomes of wild-type and fur deletion mutant strains allowed the distinction between targets associated with Fur regulation and genes indirectly influenced by the fur mutation. The Fur regulon includes 59 genes, 25 of which appear to be positively regulated. A case study conducted by primer extension analysis of two oppositely regulated genes, hpn2 and flaB, suggests that negative regulation as well as positive regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, the results revealed the existence of 13 Fur targeted loci within polycistronic operons, which were associated with transcript deregulation in the fur mutant strain. This study provides a systematic insight of Fur regulation at the genome-wide level in H. pylori and points to regulatory functions extending beyond the classical Fur repression paradigm.
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Kale, Ediz, Ayça Deniz İzgi, and Remzi Niğiz. "Bond Strength Evaluation of Inlay-Retained Resin-Bonded Fixed Partial Dentures with Two Different Cavity Designs and Two Different Adhesive Systems: In Vitro Study." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 24, no. 1 (2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjdm-2020-0004.
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SummaryBackground/Aim: The purpose of this in-vitro study was to compare the resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPD) fabricated using two different structural designs and two different antibacterial adhesive lutting protocols in regard to their resistance to debonding.Material and Methods: Forty samples for a model with single missing molar were divided into 4 groups (M1, M2, C1, C2) (n=10). M1 and M2 were prepared in accordance with modified inlay slot-cavity retained RBFPD design; C1 and C2 were prepared according to conventional inlay slot-cavity retained RBFPD design. M1 and C1 cavities were treated with 2% chlorhexidine-based (CHX) cavity disinfectant and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) containing adhesive system; M2 and C2 cavities were treated with MDP and 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB) containing adhesive system featuring antibacterial cavity cleansing effect. The RBFPDs were made of base-metal alloy and their fit surfaces sandblasted with aluminium oxide (Al2O3). Adhesive resin cement was used for cementation, and the RBFPD retainers were interlocked into their corresponding inlay cavities using composite resin. After 1 week being immersed in aqueous environment, the RBFPDs were subjected to tensile loading at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. One way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used for statistical evaluation (α=0.05). Mode of failure and tooth damage was also noted.Results: Mean tensile bond strength values were 356 N for M1, 305 N for M2, 467 N for C1, and 455 N for C2. Tensile strength values of C1 and C2 were significantly higher than those of M1 and M2 (p<0.05). The mode of failure was mostly adhesive in character at the metal-cement interface in all groups. Tooth fracture was observed nearly in all specimens. No significant difference was detected between the antibacterial adhesive lutting protocols (p>0.05).Conclusions: The RBFPDs with the conventional design were found to be more retentive than those with the modified design. Using an adhesive system featuring antibacterial properties with no need of separate antibacterial agent application during bonding may be favourable.
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Kumara Sethupathi, R., and G. Vinothkumar. "Fictionalising Trauma: Paratextual Analysis of Select Tamil Novels." Shanlax International Journal of English 9, S1-Dec2020 (2020): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v9is1-dec2020.3618.
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Gerald Genette’s concept of paratext widens the horizons of literary canon in multidimensional approaches through textual materials that includes pictorial, title, author, font etc that acknowledges its key notions. In such context, innumerable modes of medium acts as a interlink to highlight the critical concept irrespective of prefixed protocols or notions embedded to the theory. On basis of such interpretation this paper attempts to relocate and redefine the projected idea through the layers of select Tamil novels and their Symbolic connectivity in conflicts of war, trauma, diasporic consciousness, photo realism, expressive images etc. Interpretation of parthenium plant with Srilankan war conflicts and its invisible political sketches through several imagery serves the primary essence of the paratextual sequence in Thamizhnadhi’s Parthenium. A thematic representation of carnatic music to project the cultural and geographical back ground of the protagonists embark on a journey to Paris and the quest for life well characterized in the novel Paris’ukku Po by Jeyakanthan. Vaikom Muhammad Basheer’s Tamil translation work of Balyakalasakhi gives the classic touch of artistic portrait through the brush strokes of certain unhappy occurrence in protagonist’s life. All the descriptions are analytically evolved and careful observations are systematically carried out in elitist view. Moreover the mere study of this paper well clarifies and serves the rich flavours of paratextual elements and traumatic factors that provides valuable and rich essence to the texts as well as clear understanding of the theory.
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Winer, Dov. "Judaica Europeana: An Infrastructure for Aggregating Jewish Content." Judaica Librarianship 18, no. 1 (2014): 88–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14263/2330-2976.1027.
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Judaica Europeana envisions a world in which all digitized Jewish content in a variety of databases worldwide is aggregated and made accessible to users and applications anywhere, at any time. It seeks to set the ground so such content is cross-linked to conceptual structures (vocabularies, encyclopedias) that enrich them and provide contextual significance. Judaica Europeana is part of a cluster of projects building Europeana, a Linked Data infrastructure initiative of the European Commission. Judaica Europeana involves now some thirty-five partners from Europe, America and Israel, among them some of the most important Jewish content holders running long term digitization programs. It aggregated more than five million digital cultural objects and is continuing to process more. The data model (EDM) for describing these contents is that adopted by both leading world initiatives, Europeana and the Digital Public Library of America. The basic approach enabling EDM and based on the application of protocols and standards like RDF and Linked Data is surveyed and some actual examples of their current applications provided. The critical role of vocabularies for conceptual integration and access to contents is reviewed. A work program is outlined for the use of such vocabularies (thesauri, taxonomies, encyclopedias, etc.) to enrich the digitized content, interlink its diverse manifestations, and provide context and meaning. A first substantial achievement in carrying out such program is the publication of the YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe as Linked Data. Two main challenges facing the domain in the near future are detailed: (1) How to expand the availability, reaching a critical mass, of Jewish related vocabularies supporting queries like Who? What? When? Where? and expressed in the Linked Data/SKOS formats. (2) How the solid bases of such infrastructure so established may have an enabling effect in the development of new services: sophisticated offerings to the patrons of websites/portals, advanced K-12 ICT-based education, mobile cultural tourism applications, e-books, digital narratives storytelling, digital humanities scholarship, virtual research environments, MOOCs.
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Bagheri, Mohammad Ali, and Gholamreza Rouhi. "Design and numerical investigation of an adaptive intramedullary nail with a novel interlocking mechanism." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 7, no. 6 (2020): 722–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaa053.
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Abstract Malalignment is a common complication in the treatment of distal fractures of the tibia. Numerous efforts have been made to reduce the malalignment ratio. However, the reported cases with this disorder are still high. This study aimed at investigating an adaptive design of an intramedullary nail with a novel interlocking mechanism (AINIM), as an alternative for the customary nailing, in reducing malalignment ratio. A verified finite element model was employed to compare the performance of AINIM with the customary nail. The finite element model of the tibia follows the exact shape of the medullary canal, and nonhomogeneous material properties were assigned to the bone from bone ash density. It was assumed that the nails were implanted and interlocked in the tibia according to surgical protocols, and physiological-like loading was applied to finite element models. The results of this study showed that AINIM reduces the mean shear interfragmentary strains by about 30%, and the axial interfragmentary strain by 55%, also it increases the uniformity in the interfragmentary movements, compared to the customary nail. It was also found that AINIM caused a reduction of the stress on the nail by 60%, and an increase of 25% on the bone, compared to the customary nail. Moreover, average compressive principal strains in the tibia fixed by AINIM increased by 40% from 485 to 678 με, compared to the tibia fixed by the customary nailing method. The results of this work also showed that AINIM causes an increase in the contact area with the intramedullary canal, particularly at the fracture site, and it also escalates the magnitude of contact pressure. Results of this work indicate that, from the biomechanical standpoint, the adaptive nail, i.e. AINIM, with an innovative interlocking mechanism, compared to the customary nailing, can lessen intra- and post-operative malalignment occurrence, and it also mitigates the side effects of stress shielding, and thus better conserves neighboring bone density in a long period.
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Vincent, Balongo Caleb, and Oscar Petro Mgaya. "The Massive Influx of Global Refugees from Developing Nations; An existing Gap in the United Nations role in promoting Universal Human Rights." International Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development 2, no. 1 (2022): 62–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijpid.1114.
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Purpose: Refugee issues are international emergency significantly disrupting socio-economic structure of the receiving States and governments struggling to manage the impact of a nearby conflict and addressing development challenges. This study is aimed at analyzing the global predicament of refugees, assess the existing legal framework at global, regional and national scale through the existing organizations and their roles like United Nation and African Union. Since every State has a responsibility of protecting the rights of its citizens, they are forced to flee for safety in case of threats prompting the host country to step in ensuring ‘refugees’ basic rights are protected as per international protection of human rights (the 1951 Convention and 1967 protocol). Humanity’s protection is longstanding traditions and shared value in our cross-cultural traditions, beliefs and now part of international law as per the United Nations’ Declaration of Refugees and Migrants 2016 reaffirming the fundamental principle of refugee protection, at a time when the population seeking safety is burgeoning.
 Methodology: This is a desk research where data was collected from the existing information.
 Findings: The findings indicate that over 66 million people displaced by conflict, violence and persecution, a third this group has fled across borders as refugees, the magnitude and complexity of forced displacement is linked to prevalence, scale and longevity of today’s conflicts, and the inability of the international community to find the unity of purpose necessary to resolve them. About 80 per cent of people running away from their countries, 60 per cent of them are children in comparison to around one third of the world’s general population.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study adopted an interlink of the ‘Contemporary Migration Theories’ which states that high fragmentation of migration is due to either micro, macro, and political causes and effects on one hand, and between micro-individual and macro-structural approaches on the other. A lot must be done to reduce the daily increasing number refugees around the world. Specifically, the study takes keen interest in discussing the plight of Rohingya people in Myanmar.
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Hazard, Irving F. "The Circumvention and Failure of Electrical Interlock Switches." Journal of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers 11, no. 1 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.51501/jotnafe.v11i1.524.
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Electrically interlocked covers and gates on industrial machinery are used to protect the operator from the point-of-operation. When the electrical interlock switches on those barriers fail to function, because of deliberate circumvention or an electrical or mechanical failure, serious accidents frequently result. This paper reviews the methodology used for the design of those interlocking systems, the techniques employed to circumvent them, and their common modes of electrical and mechanical failure. The author provides detailed illustrations and a series of check lists, outlining the protocol for the forensic engineering investigation of such occurrences.
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M. Muzzmail, Ayman, Hamid Abbas Ali, and Sami M. Sharif. "VSAT Packet Security Performance Enhancement Using Modified Interlock Protocol." University of Khartoum Engineering Journal 5, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.53332/kuej.v5i1.1007.
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This study has focused on developing the Interlock protocol and on implementing it on the VSAT system to overcome the man-in-the-middle attack in the double hob topology. A new cryptography protocol has been modified into Interlock protocol by using the concept of Cipher Block Chinning mode and AES, RSA, SAH-256 algorithms. The TCP protocol is flexible and has the ability to tune its parameters depending on the environment under which it works. In this study the TCP protocol parameters had been readjusted to reach the optimum throughput when the packet was encrypted and transmitted in the VSAT environment. The results indicate an increase in the throughput of up to about 30%.
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"A method for detecting man-in-the-middle attacks using time synchronization one time password in interlock protocol based internet of things." Journal of Applied and Physical Sciences 2, no. 2 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.20474/japs-2.2.2.
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Saura-Sanmartin, Adrian. "Synthesis of 'Impossible' Rotaxanes." Chemistry – A European Journal, January 3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202304025.
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'Impossible' rotaxanes, which are constituted by interlocked components without obvious binding motifs, have attracted the interest of the mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) community. Within the synthetic efforts reported in the last decades towards the preparation of MIMs, some innovative protocols for accessing 'impossible' rotaxanes have been developed. This short review highlights different selected synthetic examples of 'impossible' rotaxanes, as well as suggests some future directions of this research area.
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Jiang, Li‐Xue, Ryan T. Hilger, and Julia Laskin. "Hardware and software solutions for implementing nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano‐DESI) sources on commercial mass spectrometers." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 59, no. 7 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.5065.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractNanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano‐DESI) is an ambient ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) approach that enables spatial mapping of biological and environmental samples with high spatial resolution and throughput. Because nano‐DESI has not yet been commercialized, researchers develop their own sources and interface them with different commercial mass spectrometers. Previously, several protocols focusing on the fabrication of nano‐DESI probes have been reported. In this tutorial, we discuss different hardware requirements for coupling the nano‐DESI source to commercial mass spectrometers, such as the safety interlock, inlet extension, and contact closure. In addition, we describe the structure of our custom software for controlling the nano‐DESI MSI platform and provide detailed instructions for its usage. With this tutorial, interested researchers should be able to implement nano‐DESI experiments in their labs.
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Swanson, Eric C., Ethan J. Weathersby, John C. Cagle, and Joan E. Sanders. "Evaluation of Force Sensing Resistors for the Measurement of Interface Pressures in Lower Limb Prosthetics." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 141, no. 10 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4043561.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding the pressure distributions at the limb-socket interface is essential to the design and evaluation of prosthetic components for lower limb prosthesis users. Force sensing resistors (FSRs) are employed in prosthetics research to measure pressure at this interface due to their low cost, thin profile, and ease of use. While FSRs are known to be sensitive to many sources of error, few studies have systematically quantified these errors using test conditions relevant to lower limb prosthetics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate FSR accuracy for the measurement of lower limb prosthetics interface pressures. Two FSR models (Flexiforce A201 and Interlink 402) were subjected to a series of prosthetic-relevant tests. These tests included: (1) static compression, (2) cyclic compression, and (3) a combined static and cyclic compression protocol mimicking a variable activity (walk–sit–stand) procedure. Flexiforce sensors outperformed Interlink sensors and were then subjected to two additional tests: (4) static curvature and (5) static shear stress. Results demonstrated that FSRs experienced significant errors in all five tests. We concluded that: (1) if used carefully, FSRs can provide an estimate of prosthetic interface pressure, but these measurements should be interpreted within the expected range of possible measurement error given the setup; (2) FSRs should be calibrated in a setup that closely matches how they will be used for taking measurements; and (3) both Flexiforce and Interlink sensors can be used to estimate interface pressures; however, in most cases Flexiforce sensors are likely to provide more accurate measurements.
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Shoupe, Donna. "The Progestin Revolution: progestins are arising as the dominant players in the tight interlink between contraceptives and bleeding control." Contraception and Reproductive Medicine 6, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40834-020-00142-5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSince the introduction of the first modern contraceptive methods, the interlink between bleeding control and contraceptive development has been a dominant and critical factor. This interplay has led to the development of safer and better contraceptive methods that are often used to control bleeding in both women with normal bleeding patterns as well as in those suffering from heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). The success of progestin-only methods, such as hormonal IUDs or progestin dominant oral contraceptives in substantially decreasing and controlling menstrual bleeding, has led to development of multiple progestin-only protocols for the sole purpose of bleeding control. These include protocols designed to stop acute heavy bleeding as well as manage long-term bleeding. Recent publications describe a variety of protocols using high dose oral progestin pills with or without a medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) injection that demonstrate high effectiveness and good tolerability. Comparted to many other progestins, MPA is not converted in part into ethinyl estradiol and appears to have a progestin-only advantage. Norethindrone acetate (NET acetate) is converted in part to ethinyl estradiol and therefore is an especially good option for bleeding control in patients with low estrogen levels that would benefit from estrogen replacement (such as in premenopausal women with premature menopause or hypothalamic hypogonadism).
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Liao, Sibei, Jie Tang, Chunmiao Ma, et al. "Foldaxane‐Based Switchable [c2]Daisy Chains." Angewandte Chemie, February 12, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202315668.
Full textAbstract:
Artificial molecular muscles have hold extensive attractions in the field of molecular machinery due to their unique properties of contraction and stretching motion. However, the synthesis of molecular muscles poses formidable challenges as it is hindered by undesirable yields and poor selectivity. Herein, we present a protocol for dynamic assembly of foldaxane‐based [c2]daisy chains, wherein the hermaphroditic sequences consisting of aromatic helices and peptide rods are interlocked through inter‐strand hydrogen bonding interactions. The binding complementarity facilitates a selective and efficient assembly of [c2]daisy chain structures, validly inhibiting the creation of byproducts. Introducing multiple recognition sites confers the system upon contraction and stretching motion actuated by chemical stimuli. The rate of this muscle‐like motion is calculated to be 0.8 s‐1, which is 107 times faster than that of complex dissociation.
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Liao, Sibei, Jie Tang, Chunmiao Ma, et al. "Foldaxane‐Based Switchable [c2]Daisy Chains." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, February 12, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202315668.
Full textAbstract:
Artificial molecular muscles have hold extensive attractions in the field of molecular machinery due to their unique properties of contraction and stretching motion. However, the synthesis of molecular muscles poses formidable challenges as it is hindered by undesirable yields and poor selectivity. Herein, we present a protocol for dynamic assembly of foldaxane‐based [c2]daisy chains, wherein the hermaphroditic sequences consisting of aromatic helices and peptide rods are interlocked through inter‐strand hydrogen bonding interactions. The binding complementarity facilitates a selective and efficient assembly of [c2]daisy chain structures, validly inhibiting the creation of byproducts. Introducing multiple recognition sites confers the system upon contraction and stretching motion actuated by chemical stimuli. The rate of this muscle‐like motion is calculated to be 0.8 s‐1, which is 107 times faster than that of complex dissociation.