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Journal articles on the topic 'Interlocking Masonry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Teguh, Mochamad, Novi Rahmayanti, and Zakki Rizal. "Mechanical Properties of Various Models of Interlocking Concrete Blocks under In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Loads." Key Engineering Materials 881 (April 2021): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.881.149.

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Building material innovations in various interlocking concrete block masonry from local materials to withstand lateral earthquake forces is an exciting issue in masonry wall research. The block hook has an advantage in the interlocking system's invention to withstand loads in the in-plane and out-of-plane orientations commonly required by the masonry walls against earthquake forces. Reviews of the investigation of in-plane and out-of-plane masonry walls have rarely been found in previous studies. In this paper, the results of a series of experimental tests with different interlocking models in resisting the simultaneous in-plane shear and out-of-plane bending actions on concrete blocks are presented. This paper presents a research investigation of various interlocking concrete blocks' mechanical properties with different hook thicknesses. Discussion of the trends mentioned above and their implications towards interlocking concrete block mechanical properties is provided.

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2

Teguh, Mochamad, Furqon Widi Rivai, Novi Rahmyanti, and Erik Wahyu Pradana. "Experimental investigation on interlocking concrete block for masonry wall of non-engineered earthquake resistant buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 156 (2020): 05016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015605016.

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Most of the seismic damage of existing traditional buildings is due to the absence of practical beam and column structures as the main reinforcement of the building. While a masonry wall as a structural component is commonly negligible due to their relatively low strength in contributing to the frame structure. As a result, when the earthquake struck, the building collapsed, and the ruins of building elements hit the occupants seriously and caused many deaths. This paper presents the results of preliminary research on the experimental investigation of interlocking concrete block for the masonry wall applied to non-engineered earthquake-resistant buildings. The interlocking between concrete blocks is expected to contribute to the strength of the masonry wall in resisting the loads, either in-plane or out-of-plane directions. The novelty of this type of concrete block lies in the uniqueness of the interlocking shape, making it effective in withstanding the earthquake load. This research focuses on the testing of interlocking concrete block units in withstanding loads in the direction and perpendicular to the field and equipped with testing the compressive strength of the wall and diagonal shear strength. The results produce interlocking models of concrete block contribute to better strength than ordinary clay bricks for the masonry wall.

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3

Jaafar, M. S., A. H. Alwathaf, W. A. Thanoon, J. Noorzaei, and M. R. Abdulkadir. "Behaviour of interlocking mortarless block masonry." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials 159, no. 3 (August 2006): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/coma.2006.159.3.111.

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4

Totoev, Y., and A. Al Harthy. "Semi Interlocking Masonry as Infill Wall System for Earthquake Resistant Buildings: A Review." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol13iss1pp33-41.

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Masonry is one of the most popular building materials. It has many excellent material properties and proven durability. Over time, masonry structures have evolved from massive walls, which work mainly through compression, to more slender walls, which could also experience tension and shear. Earthquake-induced tensile and shear stresses often exceed the capacity of traditional unreinforced masonry resulting in substantial damage and failure. A new mortar-less masonry system called semi-interlocking masonry (SIM) is presented in this paper. It has reduced stiffness and susceptibility to damage and utilized a special method of interlocking bricks that allows relative sliding of brick courses in-plane of a wall and prevents out-of-plane relative movement of bricks. The paper reviews the research on SIM to date and identifies new research opportunities in this area.

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5

Ma, Hongwang, Qi Ma, and Prakash Gaire. "Development and mechanical evaluation of a new interlocking earth masonry block." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 2 (August 8, 2019): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219868931.

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An innovative interlocking compressed earth block, called interlocking compressed earth block developed at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, was developed for structural masonry. The locking mechanism of the interlocking compressed earth block developed at Shanghai Jiao Tong University completely depends on the grout in the vertical holes. Therefore, there is no gap between the interlocking key and the blocks, which increases the wall stability and reduces the block manufacturing costs. Experimental studies on the mechanical behavior of the unit (the block) and the masonry (prism constructed with a dry interface) were performed in accordance with the related standards. Soil samples from the northern Gansu Province of China were collected and studied. Small cylindrical samples were tested to determine the compressive and splitting tensile strength. Subsequently, the compressive strength of the prisms with three dry-stack blocks and the shear behavior of the masonry through the triplet test were investigated. The results show that the compressive and shear strengths meet the related standards. This work may provide a valuable structural system for low-cost, eco-friendly dwelling in developing countries.

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6

Thanoon, Waleed A., Yavuz Yardim, Mohd Saleh Jaafar, and Jamaloddin Noorzaei. "Structural response of interlocking composite masonry slab." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings 164, no. 6 (December 2011): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stbu.2011.164.6.409.

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7

Muda, Zakaria Che, Sivakumar Naganthan, Vicki Balaiah Balasingam, Salmia Beddu, and Siti Nabihah Sadon. "Bending Behaviour of Post-tensioned Interlocking Block Masonry Wall." MATEC Web of Conferences 203 (2018): 06023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820306023.

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Interlocking soil blocks are on of modern techniques of house construction due to its durability. The use of these blocks fits suitably within the production cost and environmental quality as an alternative to fired bricks. This paper reports the result investigation done on walls made using interlocking soil blocks. Three types of walls with different combination of reinforcements were tested. The performance is assessed in terms of cracking patterns, failure modes and load-deflection characteristic. Results show that the ductility of all walls are good and wall with post-tensioned bars performed the best. The post tensioned walls are able to deflect up to 42% without any failure compare to non pre stressed wall. The walls with combination of reinforcement and post –tensioned systems are more ductile compare to walls with reinforcement only. It is concluded, post-tensioned wall developed using interlocking soil blocks can be used in reinforced and post-tensioned masonry application instead of conventional brick masonry.

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8

Anand, K. B., and K. Ramamurthy. "Development and Performance Evaluation of Interlocking-Block Masonry." Journal of Architectural Engineering 6, no. 2 (June 2000): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0431(2000)6:2(45).

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9

Aziz, Fauziah, Mohd Fadzil Arshad, and Hazrina Mansor. "The Effect of Biaxial Interlocking Block to the Masonry Wall Properties under Uniaxial Compression Load." Materials Science Forum 1041 (August 4, 2021): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1041.107.

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Biaxial Interlocking Block (BIB) is a new interlocking block system introduced in this research work. BIB was designed and expected to have the capacity to resist the biaxial load. In this research, the production of BIB was introduced, and the properties of BIB as the individual and walling unit was identified. The features of BIB in terms of density, compressive strength and MOE was identified. To define the impact BIB to the masonry wall capacity, nine walls panel and nine prisms including Solid Block (SB) and cement sand brick (CSB) have been constructed and tested under concentric compressive load. From the data obtained, the BIB walling system was calculated and identified. All the properties values of BIB masonry obtained compared with SB and CSB masonry values. The relationship of masonry properties by different types of masonry unit was also identified and discuss. From all the data and analysis carried out, it is found that the features of masonry unit have influenced the walling properties of the constructed wall. The higher compressive strength of masonry unit will enhance the capacity of the masonry walls. From this research, it is also found that BIB is having excellent properties as a walling unit as compare to SB and CSB wall. A linear relationship between the compressive strength of the samples regardless of the changing in masonry unit compressive strength has been found appropriate with the same slenderness ratio. This work offers valuable data of BIB to the masonry walls properties under compressive load.

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10

Ahmad, Sajad. "To Study The Behavior Of Interlocking Of Masonry Units/Blocks." IOSR Journal of Engineering 4, no. 3 (March 2014): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3021-04313947.

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11

Forghani, Reza, Yuri Totoev, Sittimont Kanjanabootra, and Angus Davison. "Experimental Investigation of Water Penetration through Semi-Interlocking Masonry Walls." Journal of Architectural Engineering 23, no. 1 (March 2017): 04016017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000227.

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12

Al-Fakih, Amin, Bashar S. Mohammed, M. M. A. Wahab, M. S. Liew, Y. H. Mugahed Amran, Rayed Alyousef, and Hisham Alabduljabbar. "Characteristic compressive strength correlation of rubberized concrete interlocking masonry wall." Structures 26 (August 2020): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.04.010.

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13

Mousavian, Elham, and Claudia Casapulla. "Quantifiable feasibility check of masonry assemblages composed of interlocking blocks." Advances in Engineering Software 149 (November 2020): 102898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2020.102898.

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14

Thanoon, Waleed A. M., Ahmed H. Alwathaf, Jamaloddin Noorzaei, Mohd Saleh Jaafar, and Mohd Razali Abdulkadir. "Finite element analysis of interlocking mortarless hollow block masonry prism." Computers & Structures 86, no. 6 (March 2008): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2007.05.022.

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15

Al-Fakih, Amin, M. M. A. Wahab, Bashar S. Mohammed, M. S. Liew, Noor Amila Wan Abdullah Zawawi, and Sholihin As'ad. "Experimental study on axial compressive behavior of rubberized interlocking masonry walls." Journal of Building Engineering 29 (May 2020): 101107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101107.

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16

Nazar, Maqsud E., and S. N. Sinha. "Loading–unloading curves of interlocking grouted stabilised sand-flyash brick masonry." Materials and Structures 40, no. 7 (July 27, 2006): 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-006-9177-x.

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17

Anand, K. B., and K. Ramamurthy. "Influence of Construction Method on Water Permeation of Interlocking Block Masonry." Journal of Architectural Engineering 7, no. 2 (June 2001): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1076-0431(2001)7:2(52).

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18

Zarrin, Orod, and Yuri Z. Totoev. "Evaluating Elastic Modulus and Thrust Force of Semi-Interlocking Masonry Panel." International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation 5, no. 4 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmri.2020.10029903.

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19

Zarrin, Orod, and Yuri Z. Totoev. "Evaluating elastic modulus and thrust force of semi-interlocking masonry panel." International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation 5, no. 4 (2020): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmri.2020.111803.

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20

Stefanou, I., J. Sulem, and I. Vardoulakis. "Homogenization of interlocking masonry structures using a generalized differential expansion technique." International Journal of Solids and Structures 47, no. 11-12 (June 2010): 1522–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2010.02.011.

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21

NAZAR, M., and S. SINHA. "Fatigue behaviour of interlocking grouted stabilised mud-fly ash brick masonry." International Journal of Fatigue 29, no. 5 (May 2007): 953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.07.018.

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22

Maragna, Matteo, Cristina Gentilini, Giovanni Castellazzi, and Christian Carloni. "Bond of Steel Bars to Masonry Mortar Joints: Test Results and Analytical Modelling." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.319.

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In this paper, the preliminary results of a series of pull-out tests conducted on mortar cylinders with embedded bars are presented. The bars are made of high strength stainless steel and are of helical shape to increase mechanical interlocking with the surrounding mortar. Usually, such bars are employed in situ to realize structural repointing in the case of fair-faced masonry walls. To this aim, they are inserted in the mortar bed joints of masonry for providing tensile strength to the walls and with the function of crack stitching. The aim of the present experimental tests is to determine the bond-slip relationship for bars embedded in masonry. Firstly, pull-out tests are conducted on mortar cylinders considering different embedded lengths of the bars. Further tests are on-going on masonry specimens with bars embedded in the mortar joints. An analytical investigation is also carried out for the interpretation of the pull-out test results.

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23

Thanoon, Waleed A., M. S. Jaafar, J. Noorzaei, M. Razali A. Kadir, and S. Fares. "Structural Behaviour of Mortar-Less Interlocking Masonry System under Eccentric Compressive Loads." Advances in Structural Engineering 10, no. 1 (February 2007): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/136943307780150832.

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24

Al-Fakih, Amin, Bashar S. Mohammed, Fadhil Nuruddin, and Ehsan Nikbakht. "Development of Interlocking Masonry Bricks and its’ Structural Behaviour: A Review Paper." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 140 (April 2018): 012127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/140/1/012127.

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25

Li, Jie, Hao Zhou, Wenwen Chen, and Zhongfan Chen. "Mechanical Properties of a New Type Recycled Aggregate Concrete Interlocking Hollow Block Masonry." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020745.

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Considering the advantages of energy conservation and reducing the construction skill requirement of the workers, a new type of interlocking hollow block using recycled aggregates concrete (IHB-RAC) with the compressive strength up to 10 Mpa was proposed, which could help improve more than 56% of the construction efficiency compared to commonly used concrete hollow blocks. In order to study the mechanical properties and promote the application of this new type block in building engineering, the masonries considering different strengths of mortar and the concrete used in the grouting holes were designed, and the corresponding compressive and shear strength, as well as the failure mode of the masonries were studied according to the test results. Then, experimental results were compared with the calculated values obtained from Chinese code GB50003-2011 to check the suitability of the standards. In order to make an accurate prediction of the compressive strength of the masonry, modifying coefficients were suggested considering the positive contributions of the connecting keys. In addition, according to the test results, an appropriate calculation method for accurately predicting the shear strength of the grouted IHB-RAC masonry was proposed by separately considering the effort of the mortar and the grouting hole concrete.

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26

Al-Fakih, Amin, Bashar S. Mohammed, M. M. A. Wahab, M. S. Liew, and Y. H. Mugahed Amran. "Flexural behavior of rubberized concrete interlocking masonry walls under out-of-plane load." Construction and Building Materials 263 (December 2020): 120661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120661.

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27

Han, Lim Chung, Abdul Karim Bin Mirasa, Ismail Saad, Nurmin Bt. Bolong, Nurul Shahadahtul Afizah Bt. Asman, Hidayati Bte Asrah, and Eddy Syaizul Rizam Bin Abdullah. "Use of Compressed Earth Bricks/Blocks in Load-Bearing Masonry Structural Systems: A Review." Materials Science Forum 997 (June 2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.997.9.

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Clay fired bricks are commonly encountered in the construction sector as infill between structural frames. This system has been favoured by builders due to familiarity, ease of manufacture, and they also do not require skilled labourers to erect. Produced from moulded clay and hardened by firing in a kiln, brick production is both energy intensive and high in CO2 emission. Fired bricks are typically held together by cement mortar at the bed and perpend joints which provide very minimal resistance against shearing or flexure. This meant brick walls often require additional wind posts or stiffeners to provide stability. Compressed earth masonry offers an alternative to the conventional brick walling system in that, besides having the advantages of conventional bricks, they also confer higher compressive strengths due to the high-pressure compaction manufacturing process. The high strength allows the system to be adapted into load-bearing masonry system for use in low-rise buildings as an alternative to the more expensive reinforced concrete or steel framing system. The high-pressure compaction process along with high quality moulds also give fair-faced finished to the bricks, allowing them to be used as facing bricks and eliminating the need for surface finishing such as plastering. Additionally, compressed bricks featuring interlocking key holes along the bed joints allows for simplified and faster wall erection process. This review paper aims to document the research progress thus far in adopting the compressed interlocking bricks as a sustainable alternative to current building materials.

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28

Amer, Osama, Danila Aita, Ezzeldin K. Mohamed, Akram Torky, and Ashraf Shawky. "Experimental Investigations and Microstructural Characterization of Construction Materials of Historic Multi-Leaf Stone-Masonry Walls." Heritage 4, no. 3 (September 14, 2021): 2390–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030135.

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In order to correctly define the pathology of multiple-leaf stonemasonry walls and determine the appropriate interventions for its conservation and preservation, comprehensive studies on its building materials should be carried out since the overall behaviour of masonry structures is highly dependent on the characterization of its construction materials. Consequently, an interdisciplinary procedure for construction material characterization used in multiple-leaf stone-masonry walls in Egypt has been implemented to enrich documentation, conservation and restoration issues of this type of wall. The research methodology integrates experimental data obtained through on-site sampling, conducted tests and analyses, historical information, and field survey observations. The fundamental physical and mechanical properties of the masonry elements were examined by incorporating stone blocks, mortars and core-infill materials. The mineralogical composition and interlocking textures of the collected samples were investigated utilizing a large range of complementary investigation and analysis techniques, including polarizing microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) attached to an EDX unit. Through the results thus obtained, a complete characterization of the mineralogical composition; physical–mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties; and the interlocking textures of the construction materials of both the outer and inner-core layers was performed. The outer leaves of the majority of the multiple-leaf stone-masonry walls in medieval architectural heritage were mainly built of well-dressed limestone blocks with nearly uniform dimensions, while the inner-core layer was usually built of stone-rubble infill with bending lime-based mortar. The uniaxial compressive strengths of core infill (corresponding to the inner core layer) and lime-based mortar of the embedded joints are shown to be 85 and 92.5% lower than the limestone units of the outer layer, respectively. Moreover, experimental observations indicate that the inner core layer exhibits the highest porosity values; consequently, deteriorated, loose and cohesionless core infill could greatly affect the durability and thermal resistivity of this kind of wall. The results provide scientific support for investigating the overall structural behaviour of this type of walls and for decision-making in future conservation and restoration strategies.

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29

Qamar, F., T. Thomas, and M. Ali. "Assessment of mechanical properties of fibrous mortar and interlocking soil stabilised block (ISSB) for low-cost masonry housing." Materiales de Construcción 69, no. 336 (September 25, 2019): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2019.13418.

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Walls of Interlocking Stabilised Soil Blocks (ISSBs) have been considered in low-cost houses around the world especially in developing countries. These were reported to be very weak in resisting the lateral load (e.g. wind or earthquake) without special considerations. In this paper, mechanical properties (compressive strength, elastic modulus, pre/post crack energy absorbed and toughness index) of ISSBs with three configurations and seven combinations of plain and fibrous mortar cubes are experimentally evaluated. Sisal fibre and rice straw (2% and 5%, by cement mass) were considered for fibrous mortar. Empirical equations were developed to predict elastic modulus. It was found that ISSBs had reasonable strength to be considered for masonry. The failure load and toughness index of 2% sisal fibre samples was improved by 10% and 16%, respectively, whereas 2.21 times enhancement was found in elastic modulus. Thus, 2% sisal fibre in plaster (i.e. reinforced coating) would likely improve the lateral resistance of interlocked masonry walling.

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30

Masia, Mark J., Yuri Z. Totoev, and Mehdi Hemmat. "The introduction of confined semi-interlocking masonry system for buildings to improve earthquake performance." International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation 5, no. 3 (2020): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmri.2020.10028157.

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31

Hemmat, Mehdi, Yuri Z. Totoev, and Mark J. Masia. "The introduction of confined semi-interlocking masonry system for buildings to improve earthquake performance." International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation 5, no. 3 (2020): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmri.2020.107989.

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32

Sokairge, Hesham, Ahmed Rashad, and Hany Elshafie. "Behavior of post-tensioned dry-stack interlocking masonry walls under out of plane loading." Construction and Building Materials 133 (February 2017): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.071.

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33

Thanoon, Waleed A., Ahmed H. Alwathaf, Jamaloddin Noorzaei, Mohd Saleh Jaafar, and Mohd Razali Abdulkadir. "Nonlinear finite element analysis of grouted and ungrouted hollow interlocking mortarless block masonry system." Engineering Structures 30, no. 6 (June 2008): 1560–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.10.014.

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34

Mousavian, Elham, and Claudia Casapulla. "Automated Shape Adjustment of Interlocking Joints for Structurally Informed Design of Masonry Block Assemblages." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1044, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1044/1/012006.

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35

Michael D. Adedeji, Yomi. "Sustainable Housing Provision: Preference for the Use of Interlocking Masonry in Housing Delivery in Nigeria." Architecture Research 2, no. 5 (December 1, 2012): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.arch.20120205.03.

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36

FURUKAWA, Aiko, Shota KIMURA, and Junji KIYONO. "STUDY ON FAILURE MECHANISM AND STRENGTH INCREMENT EFFECT OF MASONRY WALLS MADE OF INTERLOCKING BRICKS." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. A1 (Structural Engineering & Earthquake Engineering (SE/EE)) 74, no. 4 (2018): I_699—I_711. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejseee.74.i_699.

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37

Nazar, Maqsud E., and S. N. Sinha. "Behavior of Interlocking Grouted Stabilized Sand–Fly Ash Brick Masonry under Uniaxial Cyclic Compressive Loading." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 19, no. 11 (November 2007): 947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2007)19:11(947).

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38

Hossain, Md Akhtar, Yuri Z. Totoev, and Mark J. Masia. "Experimental Investigation of Frictional Behavior of Mortarless Surface in Semi-Interlocking Masonry under Cyclic Displacement." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 32, no. 9 (September 2020): 04020259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003333.

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39

Masia, Mark J., Yuri Z. Totoev, and Md Akhtar Hossain. "Experimental assessment of large displacement cyclic in-plane shear behaviour of semi-interlocking masonry panels." International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation 4, no. 4 (2019): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmri.2019.10021634.

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40

Hossain, Md Akhtar, Yuri Z. Totoev, and Mark J. Masia. "Experimental assessment of large displacement cyclic in-plane shear behaviour of semi-interlocking masonry panels." International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation 4, no. 4 (2019): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmri.2019.102613.

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41

Kohail, Mohamed, Hany Elshafie, Ahmed Rashad, and Hussein Okail. "Behavior of post-tensioned dry-stack interlocking masonry shear walls under cyclic in-plane loading." Construction and Building Materials 196 (January 2019): 539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.149.

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42

Casapulla, C., E. Mousavian, and M. Zarghani. "A digital tool to design structurally feasible semi-circular masonry arches composed of interlocking blocks." Computers & Structures 221 (September 2019): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2019.05.001.

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43

Yousef, Al-Mamon, Zakaria Che Muda, Sivakumar Naganathan, Salmia Beddu, and Shojaeddin Jamali. "Behaviour of Post-tensioned Interlocking Bricks for Masonry Wall Subjected to Out-of-plane Loads." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 21 (February 1, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2017/v10i21/104854.

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44

Chen, Peng Zhen, Francesco Finelli, Elisa Franzoni, Cristina Gentilini, and Gabriele Sansone. "Preliminary Results on the Tensile Capacity of Steel Anchors in Brick Units of Different Materials." Key Engineering Materials 817 (August 2019): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.817.371.

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High strength steel bars are widely used for the strengthening of masonry buildings, in particular to improve the connection between different structural elements, such as orthogonal walls and multi-leaf walls. A particular type of steel connector is the twisted bar, which due to its particular shape works as a self-threading screw, anchoring to the support material without any binder. The effectiveness of such technique mainly relies on the bond between the bar and the substrate, where adhesion, mechanical interlocking and friction play an important role. In this paper, a preliminary experimental study on pull-out behavior of twisted steel connectors inserted in brick units of different materials that can be commonly found in existing masonry buildings in Italy and in Europe is presented. Additionally, mechanical characterization of the materials is conducted to understand the influence of the compression strength and elastic modulus on the adhesion between the connector and the substrate. Preliminary results show that the pull-out response strongly depends on the mechanical properties of the substrate material.

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Li, Jie, Hao Zhou, Wenwen Chen, and Zhongfan Chen. "Shear properties of a new type recycled aggregate concrete interlocking hollow block masonry with axial load." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 12 (May 5, 2021): 2735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211012568.

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Comprehensively considering the positive contribution of energy conservation and the reduction of the construction skill requirement for workers, a new type of interlocking hollow block using recycled aggregates concrete (IHAC) with the compressive strength defined as MU10 was proposed, which could help improve more than 56% of the construction efficiency compared to common used concrete hollow blocks. In order to study the shear properties and promote its application in building engineering, the shear strength of 10 groups (three specimens for each group) of masonries considering different axial stress level and whether or not to use concrete in the grouting holes were studied, and the failure mode as well as the shear strength of the masonries were analyzed. And then, the calculation formulas for predicting the shear strength of the IHAC masonry were obtained by using the parameter fitting method based on the Coulomb failure theory, which could well reflect the parabolic shaped changing characteristic of the shear strength with the increasing of the axial stress, and the maximum difference was within 18% between the calculated and test results.

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Elmenshawi, Abdelsamie, Mohamed Sorour, Don Duchesne, Jocelyn Paquette, Aftab Mufti, Leslie Jaeger, and Nigel Shrive. "On the Dynamic Behaviour of Strengthened Stone Masonry Walls." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.671.

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Unreinforced stone masonry is common in heritage structures worldwide. Unfortunately, these structures are susceptible to failure or severe damage when subject to dynamic or seismic loading. Conservation of historic structures is a challenge as the heritage and cultural values need to be preserved while the advent of new seismic codes may require major strengthening to be implemented. The new seismic codes demand high seismic strength and ductility for such structures, whereas neither the strength nor the ductility of an existing stone masonry building can be quantified easily. The Parliament buildings of Canada fall into this category. Therefore, an extensive experimental program was carried out to investigate the dynamic and seismic behaviours of stone walls representative of Canada’s Parliament buildings. The walls were constructed of double stone wythes with the cavity between being filled with weak mortar, shards and small stones, constituting a rubble core of the walls. The experimental program included in-plane quasi-static, free vibration and high frequency loadings, together with out-of-plane shake table tests. The tests were aimed at investigating the integrity, strength, damping, stiffness degradation, and ductility of the walls. Different potential strengthening methods were assessed, methods that would minimize structural intervention and preserve the heritage values of the building. The methods involved different metallic anchors and traditional stone interlocking to tie the two outer wythes together. Fortunately, the stone walls exhibited satisfactory performance in all cases. In addition, the test results suggested that plain un-strengthened stone walls had strength and other characteristics similar to those of the rehabilitated walls, in the range of the imposed load scenarios.

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Bredenoord, Jan, Wutinai Kokkamhaeng, Pichit Janbunjong, Ongarj Nualplod, Suwatchai Thongnoy, Wasana Khongwong, Piyalak Ngernchuklin, and Aparat Mahakhant. "Interlocking Block Masonry (ISSB) for Sustainable Housing Purposes in Thailand, With Additional Examples From Cambodia and Nepal." Engineering Management Research 8, no. 2 (September 20, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/emr.v8n2p42.

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This paper is about Interlocking Stabilized Soil Blocks (ISSB) as developed in Thailand. ISSB are seen as an eco-friendly building material for home building and structures such as water tanks and sanitation facilities. For several decades the Thai R&D Institute TISTR has worked on developing and testing ISSB, which in other countries are called compressed stabilized earth blocks or CSEB. The composition of building blocks and the quality of building structures determine together the structural quality of the house or building. If there is a need for earthquake- and storm resistance, the building blocks and the structures must have specific features. Building stacked houses is an important issue given the growing scarcity of land for housing and the increasing land prices. ISSB is not only applied in Thailand, but also in Cambodia for low-cost housing and in Nepal for home reconstruction after the 2015 earthquake. ISSB or CSEB is also applied in other countries as an alternative building material and technology to replace the use of fired bricks and concrete building blocks for housing. Reducing the use of cement in the materials and structures is important for environmental reasons, but in ISSB/CSEB the use of cement as a stabilizer cannot always be avoided. This is surely the case in areas where earthquakes, heavy storms and floods can occur. Although this paper focuses mainly on technical aspects of sustainable housing and construction, there is also a focus on social sustainability, meaning a strong involvement of local communities in the production of sustainable building materials for walls, newly developed construction technologies, and mutual house and facility construction.

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Nazar, Maqsud E., and S. N. Sinha. "Influence of bed joint orientation on interlocking grouted stabilised mud-flyash brick masonry under cyclic compressive loading." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 24, no. 5 (November 30, 2006): 585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2006.24.5.585.

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Totoev, Yuri Z., Mark J. Masia, and Mehdi Hemmat. "Application of the resettable semi-active damper device for macro modelling of confined semi-interlocking masonry walls." International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation 1, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmri.2020.10032204.

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Hemmat, Mehdi, Yuri Z. Totoev, and Mark J. Masia. "Application of the resettable semi-active damper device for macro modelling of confined semi-interlocking masonry walls." International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation 6, no. 2 (2021): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmri.2021.113944.

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