Academic literature on the topic 'Intermediary transactions'

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Journal articles on the topic "Intermediary transactions"

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Hu, Qiyao, Youran Huang, Yuheng Chen, Boxiu Zheng, and Yuxuan Zhu. "Advantages of the Decentralized Sharing Economy - Take Ethereum Platform as an Example." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 97, no. 1 (2024): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/97/20231644.

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In this era of rapid development of online transactions and platform economies, many companies operate as intermediaries between Party A and Party B in transactions and gain profits from every transaction. The "middleman", that is, the intermediary, mainly introduces Party A's resources in the form of a platform and allows more users to see and understand Party A's resource information. Platform users, that is, Party B, can save them from searching for the resources they want during the intermediary's promotion and introduction. time cost; however, some intermediaries take advantage of the pro
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Wang, Wennan, Guoxin Chen, Chiawei Chu, and Wusong Lan. "A Blockchain-Based Continuous Micropayment Scheme Using Lockable Signature." Mathematics 11, no. 16 (2023): 3472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11163472.

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A blockchain-oriented continuous micropayment system forms an integral element of the digital economy, enabling seamless transactions and encouraging minor purchases. However, due to the inherent throughput constraints of blockchain, payment channels (PCs) are customarily deployed for managing high-volume transactions in an off-chain mode. Despite this, the integration of a PC necessitates a trusted intermediary to safeguard transactional security, thereby imposing an extra security assumption as only the initial and concluding transactions are visible to other system participants. To circumve
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Qori, Dani El. "TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PRAKTIK PENJUALAN IKAN HASIL PANEN MELALUI PERANTARA DI KECAMATAN GLAGAH KABUPATEN LAMONGAN." MASADIR: Jurnal Hukum Islam 1, no. 2 (2022): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33754/masadir.v1i2.417.

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Buying and selling transactions are economic transactions that are mostly carried out by humans. This transaction continues to grow with the times. The development of buying and selling transactions necessitates the existence of appropriate and relevant legal instruments to regulate these transactions. Islamic law is believed to be a legal rule that is appropriate and relevant to be applied in all times and places. In its development, buying and selling not only confronts the seller and the buyer. Sometimes it takes a third party to act as an intermediary between the seller and the buyer. The
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Edelman, Benjamin, and Julian Wright. "Price Coherence and Excessive Intermediation *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 130, no. 3 (2015): 1283–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv018.

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Abstract Suppose an intermediary provides a benefit to buyers when they purchase from sellers using the intermediary’s technology. We develop a model to show that the intermediary would want to restrict sellers from charging buyers more for transactions it intermediates. With this restriction an intermediary can profitably raise demand for its services by eliminating any extra price buyers face for purchasing through the intermediary. We show that this leads to inflated retail prices, excessive adoption of the intermediaries’ services, over-investment in benefits to buyers, and a reduction in
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Son, Tran Hung, Nguyen Thanh Liem, and Nguyen Vinh Khuong. "Mobile Money, Financial Inclusion and Digital Payment: The Case of Vietnam." International Journal of Financial Research 11, no. 1 (2019): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n1p417.

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The study provides an overview of mobile money account usage, financial inclusion and digital payment transaction trends in Vietnam, and considers the factors influencing these trends. In general, the rates of using mobile money service and account ownership at financial intermediaries in Vietnam are still low, and other indicators of digital transactions suggest low levels compared to those of countries with low- and middle- income as well as to the world averages. The research also shows that owning an account at a financial intermediary facilitates the use of mobile money. This is a positiv
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Burakova, Alina Vitalievna, and Veronika Aleksandrovna Skripnik. "Accounting and internal audit of settlements for intermediary transactions in the oil and gas companies." KANT 41, no. 4 (2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-41.5.

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The purpose of the study is to research intermediary transactions in the oil and gas producing industries and present them based on the results of the internal audit. In accordance with this goal, the article discusses and analyzes the theoretical aspects of accounting and methods of conducting an internal audit of settlements for intermediary transactions in oil companies. Attention is focused on the fact that intermediary operations are important in regulating the mechanism of market relations of both manufacturing companies and purchasing companies. The article analyzes the current methodol
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Matytsin, Denis E. "The Procedure for Establishing the Legal Status of Participants in Remote Digital Investment Transactions." Rossijskoe pravosudie, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2022.8.27-38.

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Statement of the Problem. The author investigates the problem of regulating the procedure of revealing the legal status of the participants of remote-digital investment transactions performed in the information space. Goals and Tasks of the Research. In remote-digital investment transactions a natural person interacts with a legal entity. Often the transaction involves a subject of special legal capacity. The activity of professional securities participants is licensed. Such subjects are included by the Bank of Russia in special registers, which, in the author’s opinion, is not much different
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Pankaj, Shinde1 Mohit Mali2 Utkarsh Bhushan Chaudhary3 Alok Kumar4 Suraj Sirsat5 Kavita Jadhav6. "Study on Ethereum Transaction and Cancellation Using Blockchain Technology." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 35, no. 1 (2023): 152–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7858189.

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A Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger that keeps track of transactions on numerous computers to prevent any changes from being made retrospectively without affecting all blocks after it and obtaining network consensus. A Blockchain eliminates the requirement for a reliable intermediary to mediate digital relationships. It enables safe and open record-keeping, and by streamlining procedures and lowering costs, it has the potential to upend a variety of businesses. A Blockchain has many important features, such as Decentralization: The network is not managed by a centralized body.
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Al-Haija, Qasem Abu, and Abdulaziz A. Alsulami. "High Performance Classification Model to Identify Ransomware Payments for Heterogeneous Bitcoin Networks." Electronics 10, no. 17 (2021): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172113.

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The Bitcoin cryptocurrency is a worldwide prevalent virtualized digital currency conceptualized in 2008 as a distributed transactions system. Bitcoin transactions make use of peer-to-peer network nodes without a third-party intermediary, and the transactions can be verified by the node. Although Bitcoin networks have exhibited high efficiency in the financial transaction systems, their payment transactions are vulnerable to several ransomware attacks. For that reason, investigators have been working on developing ransomware payment identification techniques for bitcoin transactions’ networks t
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Gromova, Olena, Alla Derhousova, Tetiana Glushenko, and Daria Biletska. "Problems and prospects of development of intermediary business in Ukraine." SHS Web of Conferences 67 (2019): 06020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196706020.

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The article deals with the problem of identification and search of the future-oriented directions of intermediary business development in Ukraine in the conditions of transformation processes in the national economy. The article describes the essence of trade and intermediary activity, outlines the main components and represents the content of trade and intermediary transactions. On the basis of the general analysis of theoretical and practical works on the implementation of trade and intermediary activities, the main problems that impede the development of intermediary business in Ukraine are
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Intermediary transactions"

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Каба, А. М. "Особливості обліку і контролю посередницьких операцій (на прикладі ТОВ «ЮНАЙТЕД ЛАЙНЕР ЕЙДЖЕНСІ»)". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/12393.

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У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти процесу провадження, обліку і контролю посередницьких операцій підприємств. Проаналізовано нормативно-правову базу з питань обліку і контролю посередницьких послуг, наукові праці вітчизняних та зарубіжних вчених у сфері провадження, відображення у бухгалтерському обліку та контролю посередницьких операцій, а також практичний досвід ТОВ «Юнайтед Лайнер Ейдженсі» у даному питанні. Запропоновано виокремлювати та відображати в бухгалтерському обліку собівартість власних послуг, оптимізувати процес обробки даних щодо правильності перевиставлення вхідних т
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Balduzzi, Marco <1996&gt. "Antitrust legislation in the M&A field and the effects of transaction announcements on stakeholders’ wealth: an empirical analysis for European Banks." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18373.

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Starting from the last decades of the past century, a rising trend in both number and magnitude was observed by researchers with respect to the occurrence of Mergers and Acquisitions in the European financial sector. It became quickly evident that a study relative to the economic consequences of those events was needed, and while in the United States plenty of them were carried out, in Europe the performed researches were quite low in number. The present paper tries therefore to work out an analysis addressing this topic. Besides this, an introductory digression relative to European legislatio
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Tadaris, Danny, and Alexander Tsimbidakis. "Företagsobligationer : Den nya företagsfinansieringen i morgondagens samhälle?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-28388.

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Introduktion: Historiskt sett har de svenska företagens lånebaserade finansiering mestadels utgjorts av banklån. Efter finanskrisen 2008 har bankerna tvingats till att minska utlåningen när de numera jobbar utefter det nya regelverket Basel III. Rapporter från bland annat riksbanken och svenskt näringsliv menar att detta regelverk kommer att slå hårdast mot svenska små bolag. Forskning inom området menar att den svenska marknaden för företagsobligationer inte fått den utveckling den borde haft. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att söka en förståelse till varför den svenska marknaden för föret
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Dorr, Christina H. "A descriptive study of intermediate grade students' extended transaction with the picturebooks of author/illustrator Patricia Polacco." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1101158426.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 167 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-152).
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Gonçalves, Susana Raquel Inácio Veiga. "Relação entre os estilos de liderança e a satisfação em contexto de mudança numa instituição bancária : abordagem ao líder intermédio." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14319.

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Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos Humanos<br>Desde a crise do subprime com a queda do Lehman Brothers em setembro de 2008, o setor bancário assumiu consequências e alterações ao seu funcionamento. Também a forma de estar dos clientes alterou, em Portugal com a queda do BPP e do BPN, a aquisição do Banif, a resolução do BES, leva a que hoje os clientes sejam mais exigentes, mais informados, mais complexos nas suas escolhas colocando-as em causa muitas vezes. Neste contexto adverso de fortes alterações, os líderes intermédios pelo seu posicionamento na hierarquia assumem um papel de extrema importâ
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BROCCARDO, ELEONORA. "Le strutture innovative per la cartolarizzazione del prestiti: valore economico del tranching e modelli di misurazione del rischio di credito." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/130.

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L'elemento che distingue un'operazione di cartolarizzazione consiste, secondo la definizione espressa nell'accordo di Basilea2, nell'identificazione di almeno due differenti posizioni di rischio (tranche), stratificate e subordinate, emesse a fronte di uno specifico portafoglio di attività. Nonostante il ricorso al tranching sia ampiamente diffuso e standardizzato le determinanti che giustificano il ricorso all'emissione multi-tranche sono ad oggi poco approfondite. Inoltre, i titoli emessi a fronte di operazioni di cartolarizzazione (CDO) possiedono profili di esposizione al rischio di cred
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BROCCARDO, ELEONORA. "Le strutture innovative per la cartolarizzazione del prestiti: valore economico del tranching e modelli di misurazione del rischio di credito." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/130.

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L'elemento che distingue un'operazione di cartolarizzazione consiste, secondo la definizione espressa nell'accordo di Basilea2, nell'identificazione di almeno due differenti posizioni di rischio (tranche), stratificate e subordinate, emesse a fronte di uno specifico portafoglio di attività. Nonostante il ricorso al tranching sia ampiamente diffuso e standardizzato le determinanti che giustificano il ricorso all'emissione multi-tranche sono ad oggi poco approfondite. Inoltre, i titoli emessi a fronte di operazioni di cartolarizzazione (CDO) possiedono profili di esposizione al rischio di cred
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Chang, Rebecca, and 張淑貞. "Applying Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior, Trusted Intermediary and Security of Transactions to Study Factors Influencing Intentions of Sharing Economy Service." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8amks8.

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碩士<br>國立臺北商業大學<br>企業管理系碩士班<br>106<br>As the development of information and communication technology and the rise of environmental awareness have led to the development of sharing economy, Such as: Uber, Airbnb, EatWith, etc. ... ". In this study, a convenient survey method was used to collect questionnaires completed online, of which 450 valid ones were collected. SPSS 20.0 was used for descriptive statistics, reliability and validity analysis. And PLS-SEM(Partial Least Squares SEM, PLS-SEM) of Smart PLS 3.0 was used to conduct predictive model analysis. Applying DTPB, Trusted Intermediary and
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Арестов, Д. О. "Особливості обліку та контролю операцій у сфері роздрібної торгівлі: методологічні основи та діюча практика ( на прикладі ТОВ «LC WAIKIKI»)". Thesis, 2018. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/7425.

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Кваліфікаційна робота магістра складається з трьох розділів. Об’єкт дослідження – процес організації обліку, аналізу та контролю товарів на підприємствах торгівля. У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти обліку товарів та товарних операцій, проведено оцінку системі внутрішнього контролю товарних операцій та економічний аналіз ідентифікації криз на досліджуваному підприємстві.<br>Квалификационная работа магистра состоит из трех разделов. Объект исследования – процесс организации учета, анализа и контроля товаров на предприятиях торговля. В работе рассматриваются теоретические аспекты учета то
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Philpot, Don K. "Watching from the shadows : transactional relations between intermediate readers and a polyfocal novel : a case study." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16665.

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This case study used an interdisciplinary research design to compare text-favored and reader-identified focalization for a multiperspectival children's novel. Focalization replaces the concept narrative point of view and refers to a two-part perceptual relationship in literary fictions (Rimmon-Kenan, 2002). One sixth-grade class from a K-12 school in a major Western Canadian city participated in this study. These 18 sixth-graders listened to the novel Salt River Times (Mayne, 1980) read aloud to them and completed a four-part written response set for selected chapters. Systemic-functiona
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Books on the topic "Intermediary transactions"

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van der Walt, Christa, and Verbra Pfeiffer, eds. Multilingual Classroom Contexts: Transitions and transactions. African Sun Media, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/9781991201713.

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By far the majority of South African students get their schooling in a second language, which means that our classrooms are multilingual. This state of affairs is not exclusive to our country, as can be seen in the many academic conferences on multilingual learning and teaching. Terms like translanguaging and biliteracy appear in many articles and books that discuss the role language in education. What makes the multilingual nature of our South African classrooms challenging, is the fact that many learners switch from one language of learning and teaching to another at various points in their
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Thomas, Krebs. Ch.2 Formation and authority of agents, s.2: Authority of agents, Art.2.2.4. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0043.

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This commentary focuses on Article 2.2.4 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning undisclosed agency. The doctrine of the undisclosed principal allows an intermediary to bring about direct contractual relations between the principal and a third party, even though the intermediary appears to be acting in its own name alone. The doctrine offers a way in which a party wishing to buy or sell in the market can do so without appearing itself in the transaction. This doctrine was excluded altogether from the PICC, as it was seen as ‘inappropriate in the conte
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H R Morris, Charles. The Law of Financial Services Groups. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198844655.001.0001.

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Abstract Most legal textbooks and practitioners’ guides focus on the impact of financial services law and regulation as applicable to individual legal entities: the application of such law and regulation on a group basis is often a cursory afterthought, or neglected altogether. This book reverses the balance. It fully and systematically addresses how groups of businesses within the financial services sector are regulated. It starts with the company law and corporate insolvency law foundations and how they are established and formed into groups. It then builds up through prudential regulation a
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Tsai, George. Respect and the Efficacy of Blame. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805601.003.0013.

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This essay examines the role of respect and of the interest in having another’s respect in enabling blame to be effective: to achieve the desired effect of attitudinal and behavioral modification in the blamed. It considers how the blamed agent’s moral psychology at the outset of the blaming transaction bears on the way in which blame is able (if at all) to achieve its desired effect. To address this issue, an account of blame’s operations in three different cases—standard, intermediate, and proleptic—is developed. On the basis of the account, a normative worry is then raised: when blame achie
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Book chapters on the topic "Intermediary transactions"

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Ghymers, Christian. "Systemic Potential Aspects of CBDCs." In United Nations University Series on Regionalism. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68475-3_13.

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AbstractCentral Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) appear as a necessary step for preserving monetary sovereignty and seizing the benefits of digitalization for the efficiency of payments and financial inclusion. Their blockchain technology permits significantly faster, safer, cheaper payments than cash or bank accounts, particularly for cross-border payments. They will probably affect bank profitability, increasing competition for funding them and they will also increase the effects of interest rate adjustments on the economy (higher efficiency of monetary policy). But, more importantly, CBDCs c
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Raj, L. Vimal, S. Amilan, K. Aparna, and Abinash Mandal. "The Intermediary Effects of Perceived Ease of Use, Usefulness, Trust, and Attitude in the Adoption of Cashless Transactions: An Empirical Investigation." In Transfer, Diffusion and Adoption of Next-Generation Digital Technologies. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50192-0_21.

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Sinnamon, K., G. Ojard, B. Flandermeyer, and R. Miller. "Intermediate Temperature Oxidation: Review and Test Method Refinement." In Ceramic Transactions Series. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470930953.ch27.

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Fuierer, Paul, Kevin Ring, Joerg Exner, and Ralf Moos. "BICU(TI)VOX as a Low/Intermediate Temperature SOFC Electrolyte: Another Look." In Ceramic Transactions Series. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119234531.ch3.

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Xu, Yingjie, and Weihong Zhang. "Numerical Simulation of Oxidation-Assisted Failure of CMC-SiC at Intermediate Temperature." In Ceramic Transactions Series. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118932995.ch8.

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Joskow, Paul L. "Vertical Integration." In Handbook of New Institutional Economics. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50810-3_18.

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Abstract This essay reviews research that examines the choice between governance of vertical relationships involving suppliers of intermediate goods and services (“upstream”) and the purchasers of those goods and services (“downstream”) through some form of market-based contractual arrangement versus governance based on internalization of these transactions within a single hierarchical organization through vertical integration. The emphasis is on the transaction cost economics (TCE) framework for understanding the choice of governance arrangements, though I will briefly discuss several other t
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Lee, K. T., and A. Manthiram. "Characterization of Sr-Doped Neodymium Cobalt Oxide Cathode Materials for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In Ceramic Transactions Series. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118407189.ch1.

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Suzuya, Kentaro, Shinji Kohara, Kiyohito Okamura, Hiroshi Ichikawa, and Kenji Suzuki. "Intermediate-Range Order in Polymer-Route Si-C-O Fibers by High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction and Reverse Monte Carlo Modelling." In Ceramic Transactions Series. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470880630.ch4.

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Kato, Masaki, Junji Umeda, Masashi Suzuki, Makoto Moriya, Wataru Sakamoto, and Toshinobu Yogo. "Synthesis and Characterization of Materials Harmonized with the Environment-Proton Conductive Silica-Based Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells at Intermediate Temperatures." In Ceramic Transactions Series. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470917145.ch3.

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Sato, Kazuyoshi, Akira Kondo, Hiroya Abe, Makio Naito, and Jintawat Chaichanawong. "A Mechanically Synthesized La0.8 Sr0.2 MnO3 Fine Powder for the Cathode Material of An Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC)." In Ceramic Transactions Series. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118144145.ch35.

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Conference papers on the topic "Intermediary transactions"

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Lukashov, Ivan, and Alexander Antonov. "TRANSACTION-LEVEL DESIGNING OF NEUROMORPHIC PROCESSORS MICROARCHITECTURE." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/2.1/s07.11.

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Spiking neural networks (SNNs) is a promising research direction to their ability to imitate certain functions of brain. Hardware acceleration of SNN can offer orders of magnitude increase in performance and power efficiency. However, traditional hardware description languages have a barrier for rapid development and prototyping of custom internal hardware mechanisms that affect hardware construction throughout the entire processor structure. Mainstream high-level design methods also have disadvantages, e.g. poor focus on transaction streams management description in dynamically scheduled pipe
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Moyer, David, Megan Ostertag, and John Gershenson. "Mitigation Intermediary Transactions within Kenya’s Agricultural Supply Chain." In 2022 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc55712.2022.9910996.

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Stupar, Savo, Elvir Šahić, Maida Cico, and Mirha Bičo Ćar. "The Role of Blockchain Technology in the Transformation of Digital Marketing." In Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0: The future that comes true. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2024.215.11.

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With the advent of the Internet and the accelerated development of information and communication technologies (Cloud Computing, Big Data, etc.), marketing has changed forever. However, it will soon be going soon it will be going through another revolution, largely due to the potential of Blockchain technology. In order for the exchange (transaction) to be carried out to the satisfaction of both entities, there must be trust between them. Unless the entities trust each other, they usually find a solution by hiring a third entity, called an intermediary. At its core, Blockchain enables transacti
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Miloșvici, Dragos Gabriel, Claudia Lazur, and Lacramioara Mansour. "Cryptocurrency and taxation: accounting and legal implications." In International student scientific conference, ISSC 2025 "Challenges of accounting for young researchers", 9th Edition. Academy of Economic Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53486/issc2025.50.

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Digital currencies provide multiple opportunities for attractive businesses, offering investments and secure transactions through blockchain. Additionally, they can be owned and traded without restrictions on quantity or amount, both by individuals and legal entities, thus simplifying and diversifying payment processing. At the same time, digital payments are vulnerable to cyberattacks, which can affect the confidentiality of personal data. The most well-known virtual currency is Bitcoin, invented in 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto and published in 2009. It opens a new path toward the digital payment
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Sakız, Burcu, and Ayşen Hiç Gencer. "Forecasting the Bitcoin Price via Artificial Neural Networks." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02070.

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Bitcoin is the first decentralized innovative alternative digital currency, which was introduced in 2009 and is now one of the most widely used crypto-currencies. As digital assets, crypto-currencies utilize encryption technology and electronic payment system based on cryptographic proof instead of trust in a central authority, such as a government or a central bank. The Blockchain system, which is the underlying infrastructure for transferring any crypto-currency, is a shared form of recording that facilitates the recording of assets and transactions in an open network. Blockchain enables bit
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Garrocho, Charles, Celio Marcio Soares Ferreira, Ailton Junior, Carlos Frederico Cavalcanti, and Ricardo R. Oliveira. "Industry 4.0: Smart Contract-based Industrial Internet of Things Process Management." In IX Simpósio Brasileiro de Engenharia de Sistemas Computacionais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbesc_estendido.2019.8649.

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Through the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), a smart factory has entered the boom period expecting significant investments. In this new environment, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication has shown immediate potential in IIoT applications. However, most M2M communication implementations use the centralized model in which it requires a reliable intermediary for transactions between machines. Using smart contracts in M2M communication would allow a decentralized network to be used without the need for a trusted intermediary. In order to provide security, privacy, and decentralization in M2M
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Kannan, Veena, Nora Fteimi, Saji K. Mathew, and Franz Lehner. "Identifying the oppurtunities for the design of digital platforms: a topic modelling approach." In Enabling Technology for a Sustainable Society. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-362-3.15.

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Aquaculture is one of the fast-growing food-producing agriculture subsectors. However, the digital infrastructures developed in aquaculture are self-organising platforms i.e. they do not rely on a centralized intermediary for monitoring, coordinating activities or for overseeing transactions. Hence, the main objective of this research paper is to identify the challenges farmers face in an entire supply chain for designing a digital platform for the aquaculture domain. The main problems faced by the farmers include water quality issues, disease outbreak, lack of proper information regarding sui
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Liu, Su, and Jian Wang. "DMC: Decentralized Mixer with Channel for Transaction Privacy Protection on Ethereum." In 2nd International Conference on Machine Learning Techniques and NLP (MLNLP 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111412.

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Ethereum is a public blockchain platform with smart contract. However, it has transaction privacy issues due to the openness of the underlying ledger. Decentralized mixing schemes are presented to hide transaction relationship and transferred amount, but suffer from high transaction cost and long transaction latency. To overcome the two challenges, we propose the idea of batch accounting, adopting batch processing at the time of accounting. For further realization, we introduce payment channel technology into decentralized mixer. Since intermediate transactions between two parties do not need
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Bunčić, Sonja, and Milica Njegovan. "CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY REGULATION." In 19th International Scientific Conference on Industrial Systems. Faculty of Technical Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/is-2023-t4.1-1_10441.

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Accelerated technological development has brought many novelties, among which is distributed ledger technology (DLT), often called blockchain (BC). BC is perceived as a peer-to-peer distributed immutable ledger that could revolutionize economies, societies and even our daily lives. All protocols for dealing with data and transactions are coded with an algorithm, so there is no need to trust the other contracting party or the intermediary. With the concept of decentralization and the absence of hierarchy, BC wants to avoid all traditional intermediaries and any regulation. The question arises,
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Hantulie, Catalin, Elena laura Trifan, and Ioan cristian Mustata. "CASE STUDY: USING THE TRAINING FIRM CONCEPT TO DEVELOP THE BUSINESS COMPETENCES OF SCHOOL STUDENTS." In eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-049.

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Lately, in Romania, a lot of campaigns for promoting the entrepreneurship were initiated, which led to a development of the knowledge about business and companies. The role of the schools was the most important in these campaigns as there were many students interested in entrepreneurship. This led to the apparition of a new notion, "training firm". This concept was used for the first time in Romania in 1996, as a new teaching method, following the Austrian model. This represents the model of a company, with educational purpose. Between 1997 and 2001 in Romania there were a few training firms a
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Reports on the topic "Intermediary transactions"

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Moreno Gutiérrez, José Fernando, Carlos León, and Kimmo Soramäki. Molecular Settlement: Making Atomic Settlement Work in a Positive Interest Rate Environment. FNA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.69701/gjbj662.

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Under the concept of atomic settlement, the time between the trade and the settlement of transactions is reduced to a very small fraction of time (e.g., seconds or less), making them instantaneous. A second feature is the exchange of all the assets in the transaction in a single event, making them simultaneous — no delivery or payment occurs if the others do not occur too, commonly known as delivery versus payment (DvP) or payment versus payment (PvP). Making the settlement of the transaction instantaneous and simultaneous may have several benefits. It could effectively mitigate risks to all p
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Kira, Beatriz, Rutendo Tavengerwei, and Valary Mumbo. Points à examiner à l'approche des négociations de Phase II de la ZLECAf: enjeux de la politique commerciale numérique dans quatre pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Digital Pathways at Oxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/01.

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Realities such as the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the move to online operations, highlighting the undeniable fact that the world is continuing to go digital. This emphasises the need for policymakers to regulate in a manner that allows them to harness digital trade benefits while also avoiding associated risk. However, given that digital trade remains unco-ordinated globally, with countries adopting different approaches to policy issues, national regulatory divergence on the matter continues, placing limits on the benefits that countries can obtain from digital trade. Given these disparit
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Copeland, Adam, and R. Jay Kahn. Repo Intermediation and Central Clearing: An Analysis of Sponsored Repo. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2024. https://doi.org/10.59576/sr.1140.

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This paper evaluates the salient forces behind a dealer-intermediary’s decision to move a bilateral repo transaction with a customer into central clearing. We provide evidence that dealers turn to sponsored repo on occasions when balance sheet space is scarce, such as when there is a large issuance of Treasury coupon securities and end-of-month dates. We also find that sponsored repo spreads tend to be affected by a range of factors, with the three largest drivers being money market fund assets, a proxy for hedge fund demand for repo funding, and end-of-month dates.
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Considine, Jennifer, Philip Galkin, and Abdullah Aldayel. Global Crude Oil Storage Index: A New Benchmark for Energy Policy. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2022-mp01.

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The global oil market dwarfs other commodity markets. Its size and role in the energy and industrial value chains underscore its significant economic and geopolitical impacts. Thus, the consequences of oil price fluctuations extend far beyond the oil industry and can be viewed as a barometer of trends in the global economy. Several oil price benchmarks currently compete in the global market. The most popular ones, such as Brent or West Texas Intermediate (WTI), are backed by a sufficient supply of the underlying crude. They also meet the criteria for efficient trading, hedging and speculating
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Hausmann, Ricardo, and Michael Gavin. Make or Buy?: Approaches to Financial Market Integration. Inter-American Development Bank, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011591.

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The sharp differences between financial markets as they exist in Latin America and how we might expect them to look under full integration suggest that the financial constraints on Latin American economic development have much to do with the region's financial markets' incomplete integration in the world financial system. This paper suggests that the underlying cause of Latin America's limited integration with world financial markets is not explicit barriers to international financial transactions. Rather, weaknesses in the domestic financial markets that would be called upon to intermediate i
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Moreno, Neil Irwin, Francis Mark Quimba, and Abigail Andrada. Does FTA Import Utilization Enhance Firm Performance? An Assessment of the Philippine Manufacturing Sector. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/dp2023.18.

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This study assessed how utilizing free trade agreements (FTAs) in imports affects the performance of Philippine manufacturing firms. It used recent developments in differences-in-differences (DID) estimation with multiple time periods and variations in treatment timing. This DID method was applied to a rich Philippine microdata set that integrates the annual firm surveys/censuses with import transaction data. The empirical analysis reveals that the FTA import utilization effects varied across different groups and periods; some estimates did not have the expected signs. Overall, productivity ga
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Ocampo-Gaviria, José Antonio, Roberto Steiner Sampedro, Mauricio Villamizar Villegas, et al. Report of the Board of Directors to the Congress of Colombia - March 2023. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep-eng.03-2023.

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Banco de la República is celebrating its 100th anniversary in 2023. This is a very significant anniversary and one that provides an opportunity to highlight the contribution the Bank has made to the country’s development. Its track record as guarantor of monetary stability has established it as the one independent state institution that generates the greatest confidence among Colombians due to its transparency, management capabilities, and effective compliance with the central banking and cultural responsibilities entrusted to it by the Constitution and the Law. On a date as important as this,
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