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1

Rodríguez‐Pose, Andrés, and Jamie Griffiths. "Developing intermediate cities." Regional Science Policy & Practice 13, no. 3 (2021): 441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12421.

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Maturana, Francisco, Fernando Peña-Cortés, Mauricio Morales, and Carlos Vielma-López. "Crecimiento urbano difuso en ciudades intermedias. Simulando el proceso de expansión en la ciudad de Temuco, Chile." Revista Urbano 24, no. 43 (2021): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2021.24.43.06.

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3

Wood, William B. "Intermediate Cities on a Resource Frontier." Geographical Review 76, no. 2 (1986): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214621.

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Barragán-Escandón, Edgar A., Esteban F. Zalamea-León, Julio Terrados-Cepeda, and P. F. Vanegas-Peralta. "Energy self-supply estimation in intermediate cities." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 129 (September 2020): 109913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109913.

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5

Geyer, H. S., H. C. Coetzee, D. Du Plessis, R. Donaldson, and P. Nijkamp. "Recent business transformation in intermediate-sized cities in South Africa." Habitat International 35, no. 2 (2011): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2010.09.004.

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6

Gómez-Lobo, Andrés. "Transit reforms in intermediate cities of Colombia: An ex-post evaluation." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 132 (February 2020): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.11.014.

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7

C., Fabio E. Velásquez. "Local governments in intermediate cities in Colombia; municipal administration: for whom?" Environment and Urbanization 3, no. 1 (1991): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624789100300110.

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8

Abdel-Rahman, Hesham M. "Economies of scope in intermediate goods and a system of cities." Regional Science and Urban Economics 24, no. 4 (1994): 497–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-0462(94)90004-3.

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9

Santiago, Carla Marchant, Juan Pablo Frick Raggi, and Luis Vergara Erices. "Urban growth trends in midsize Chilean cities: the case of Temuco." urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 8, no. 3 (2016): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-3369.008.003.ao07.

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Abstract Academic production about the main Chilean cities exceeds the existing documentation on intermediate cities, though they have shown interesting trends patterns in recent years which have changed the urban system in Chile. This paper aimed to analyze the urban growth processes in Chilean intermediate cities using Temuco as a case study. It begins with an historical look at the city and then mentions that in the last decades this kind of cities have undergone new forms of segregation associated to real estate activities such as private communities, rural residential properties and new l
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Breuer, Christophe, and Jean-Marie Halleux. "Spatiality of Local Governments in European Intermediate Urban Regions: A Methodological Approach." Quaestiones Geographicae 35, no. 2 (2016): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2016-0014.

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Abstract Local authorities are central actors in the governance of European intermediate urban regions. In this paper, we propose a methodology to analyse the fragmentation of local authorities within 119 urban regions. We tested several European databases to create indicators of fragmentation and to develop a typology of fragmentation within cities. Our results show that the Eurostat Cities programme gives a consistent spatial definition of urban regions and that their fragmentation is mainly influenced by national contexts. The developed methodology is a contribution to the debate on territo
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Shen, Daidai, Jean-Claude Thill, and Jiuwen Sun. "Are Chinese Cities Oversized?" International Regional Science Review 43, no. 6 (2019): 632–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017619884108.

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In this article, the socioeconomic determinants on urban population in China are empirically investigated with a theoretical equilibrium model for city size. While much of the research on urban size focuses on the impact of agglomeration economies based on “optimal city size” theory, this model is eschewed in our research due to its theoretical paradox in the real world, and we turn instead toward an intermediate solution proposed by Camagni, Capello, and Caragliu. This equilibrium model is estimated on a sample of 111 prefectural cities in China with multiple regression and artificial neural
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Valderrama, Christian Felipe, Juan D. Ortiz, Maria M. Usa, and Oscar I. Borrero. "Analysis of the Recycling Sector in Intermediate Cities. Study Case – Neiva, Colombia." INGENIERÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD 22, no. 2 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v22i2.6252.

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The economic activity of recycling belongs to an unfortunate and marginalized segment of society in Colombia. This fact translates in high rates of informality and a general perception about people that work in this activity, which come usually from extreme poverty, burdened by discrimination, drug addiction, and rejection. The goal of this research was to determine the most significant factors impacting levels of society and economics. For this purpose, we carried out a mixed analysis in the chain of the recycling sector in Neiva, an intermediate city. Because of the informality of waste pick
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13

Rüland, Jürgen. "Continuity and Change in Southeast Asia: Political Participation in Three Intermediate Cities." Asian Survey 30, no. 5 (1990): 461–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2644839.

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14

Ghosh, Anindita, and Kanika Kalra. "Institutional and Financial Strengthening of Intermediate Public Transport Services in Indian Cities." Transportation Research Procedia 14 (2016): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.063.

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15

WATANABE, Yoichi. "212 Fuel conversion/use of MSW discharged from small or intermediate cities." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2014.24 (2014): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2014.24.80.

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16

Ruland, Jurgen. "Continuity and Change in Southeast Asia: Political Participation in Three Intermediate Cities." Asian Survey 30, no. 5 (1990): 461–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.1990.30.5.01p03827.

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17

Klaufus, Christien. "Watching the city grow: remittances and sprawl in intermediate Central American cities." Environment and Urbanization 22, no. 1 (2010): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247809359646.

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18

Bolay, J. C., and A. Rabinovich. "Intermediate cities in Latin America risk and opportunities of coherent urban development." Cities 21, no. 5 (2004): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2004.07.007.

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19

Andersson, I., and H. Tropp. "Workshop 8 (synthesis): urban dynamics, livable cities and water." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 6 (2003): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0397.

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A major wave of urbanisation is taking place in small- and medium-sized cities in developing countries. Water governance and integrated approaches are key factors in providing adequate services and maintaining the water resource. Intermediate technologies and practices need to be applied on a much wider scale.
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20

van Dinteren, J. H. J. "The Role of Business-Service Offices in the Economy of Medium-Sized Cities." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 19, no. 5 (1987): 669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a190669.

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In the Netherlands over the last fifteen years business-service activities have decentralized towards the intermediate provinces and the regions around the large cities in the west. A survey, based on postal questionnaires, was conducted to analyze this sector in thirteen medium-sized cities in the intermediate provinces. Work in this paper centers on the role of the business-service offices in the urban economy. From Pred's information-circulation theory it is argued that this role can be demonstrated by the following measures: the amount of local inputs, the degree of external control, the s
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21

Herrmann, Dustin L., Laura A. Schifman, and William D. Shuster. "Widespread loss of intermediate soil horizons in urban landscapes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 26 (2018): 6751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800305115.

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Soils support terrestrial ecosystem function and therefore are critical urban infrastructure for generating ecosystem services. Urbanization processes modify ecosystem function by changing the layers of soils identified as soil horizons. Soil horizons are integrative proxies for suites of soil properties and as such can be used as an observable unit to track modifications within soil profiles. Here, in an analysis of 11 cities representing 10 of the 12 soil orders, we show that urban soils have ∼50% fewer soil horizons than preurban soils. Specifically, B horizons were much less common in urba
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22

Di Vita, Stefano. "Medium-sized cities, intermediate scales and planning. Potential processes and missing tools in Brescia." Ciudades, no. 23 (May 29, 2020): 01–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/ciudades.23.2020.01-22.

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The ongoing phase of transition, led by processes of globalization and world crisis, has been encouraging the demographic and economic re-centralization towards major and largest cities. This trend urges the analysis of socio-economic and spatial dynamics in medium-sized cities which are historically characterized by manufacturing and entrepreneurial culture. This is the case of Brescia (one of the urban hubs of the North Italy city-region), where a strategic agenda (up to now, missing) could foster the management of trans-scalar urban issues, as well as the development of multi-level governan
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23

Cattaneo, Andrea, Andrew Nelson, and Theresa McMenomy. "Global mapping of urban–rural catchment areas reveals unequal access to services." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (2021): e2011990118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011990118.

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Using travel time to cities of different sizes, we map populations across an urban–rural continuum to improve on the standard dichotomous representations of urban–rural interactions. We extend existing approaches by 1) building on central place theory to capture the urban hierarchy in access to services and employment opportunities provided by urban centers of different sizes, 2) defining urban–rural catchment areas (URCAs) expressing the interconnection between urban centers and their surrounding rural areas, and 3) adopting a global gridded approach comparable across countries. We find that
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24

Barton, Jonathan R., and María Inés Ramírez. "The Role of Planning Policies in Promoting Urban Sprawl in Intermediate Cities: Evidence from Chile." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (2019): 7165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247165.

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Urban sprawl has been studied principally as a phenomenon produced by a lack of or weakness in urban planning, as a consequence of real estate liberalization. This article examines the Chilean case, and proposes that the state has been the engine of this phenomenon through spatial planning instruments that have both neoliberal and neostructural features, and that are best defined by the concept, new public management. The analysis tracks urban sprawl in four intermediate cities, which have experienced high rates of growth since 2000, using photointerpretation of satellite images between 2003 a
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25

Ahmed, Ahmed, Saad Makram, and Ahmed Rashed. "Investment as an Approach for Urban Sustainability of Intermediate Cities in Egypt . (DEPT.A)." Bulletin of the Faculty of Engineering. Mansoura University 38, no. 3 (2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2020.106120.

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26

Ferguson, Bruce W. "Inducing Local Growth: Two Intermediate-sized Cities in the State of Paraná, Brazil." Third World Planning Review 14, no. 3 (1992): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/twpr.14.3.q7252217uxj60h08.

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27

Pacheco-García, Eduardo Alfonso, and Alba Yajaira Sánchez-Delgado. "Quality of the bicycle transportation service in small and intermediate cities in Colombia." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 28, no. 49 (2018): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v28.n49.2018.8686.

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Nowadays, the bicycle, as a means of mobility, is the most eco-friendly vehicle; however, and despite its many benefits, its use at a global scale is quite low. This study aimed to discover the reasons for the low use of bicycles as means of transportation in Colombian, by formulating a method to analyze the service quality of the Bicycle Transportation System (BTS) in small and intermediate cities of the country. Measurement techniques used in the Social Sciences allowed us to study the perception that the user has of the BTS, to identify the most representative attributes of the system and t
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28

Mackay, Heather. "Mapping and characterising the urban agricultural landscape of two intermediate-sized Ghanaian cities." Land Use Policy 70 (January 2018): 182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.10.031.

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29

Kegler, Michelle C., Joan M. Twiss, and Vivian Look. "Assessing Community Change at Multiple Levels: The Genesis of an Evaluation Framework for the California Healthy Cities Project." Health Education & Behavior 27, no. 6 (2000): 760–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019810002700610.

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More than 40 cities have participated in the California Healthy Cities Project since its inception in 1988. Because Healthy Cities efforts are community driven, these cities address diverse health and social issues using a wide variety of strategies. This complexity, in addition to the usual difficulties associated with evaluating community interventions, creates many challenges for evaluation. Given the community building and process orientation of Healthy Cities, it may be most appropriate to measure intermediate community changes that have been linked to health outcomes in previous research
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30

Alderete, María Verónica. "Proposal for a smart city index for municipalities in Argentina." PAAKAT: Revista de Tecnología y Sociedad 11, no. 21 (2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/pk.a11n21.629.

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The development of smart cities has yielded into a desirable objective among many cities around the world. International indexes of smart cities focus on large urban cities without interest on intermediate cities of developing countries. This paper pretends to fill this gap by proposing a smart city index for the capital cities in Argentina, together with Buenos Aires City and Bahia Blanca. The index is compound of four dimensions: Environment, Governance, Society and ICT, and Mobility and Transport which are based on a set of indicators. Data emerges from official websites and national statis
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Li, Jun, Xin Shen, Eng-Kiong Yeoh, and Pui-Hong Chung. "Tuberculosis control programs and challenges in developed cities with intermediate disease burden: China experience." Journal of Thoracic Disease 9, no. 5 (2017): E525—E528. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2017.03.185.

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32

Helminen, Ville, Maija Tiitu, Leo Kosonen, and Mika Ristimäki. "Identifying the areas of walking, transit and automobile urban fabrics in Finnish intermediate cities." Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 8 (November 2020): 100257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100257.

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33

Figueroa, O., and C. Gurdon. "Streets as Public Spaces, a Challenge in Urban Planning for Intermediate Cities in Chile." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 503 (June 19, 2020): 012094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/503/1/012094.

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34

Anwar, Nausheen H. "THINKING BEYOND 'ENGINES OF GROWTH':RE-CONCEPTUALIZATION URBAN PLANNING DISCOURSE IN PAKISTAN." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 15, no. 2 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap1522013_1.

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Ring towns, twin-cities, city regions, peri-urban, intermediate cities and more, the vast nomenclature captures the unrelenting interest in secondary cities as 'engines of growth', capable of surmounting the challenges of urbanization in Pakistan. This conceptually-driven article examines the bourgeoning interest in secondary cities and proposes alternate ways of thinking about such conurbations. It underscores the need to go beyond technocratic discourse and capitalist assumptions of infinite growth and modernization as conventionally applied in regional and urban planning discourse in Pakist
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Bieniada, Michał E. "Intermediate Bronze Age in Southern Levant (4200–4000 BP) – Why Did Four Cities in Transjordan Survive Urban Collapse?" Studia Quaternaria 33, no. 1 (2016): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/squa-2016-0001.

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Abstract The first urban culture of southern Levant collapsed and the first period of urbanisation of Canaan (Early Bronze Age I-III) terminated at around 4200 yrs BP. The Canaanites abandoned their walled cities, dispersed and underwent pastoralisation. However, the urban centres of southern Canaan were not destroyed. This fact may point to responsibility of the environmental factor and makes influence influence of anthropogenic factors uncertain, along with the most popular Amorite invasion/destruction hypothesis. A tremendous climatic change occurred at that time in many regions, affecting
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36

V, SELVA KUMAR. "A study on self esteem among intermediate college students in twin cities hyderabad and secunderabad." Journal of Management and Science 7, no. 1 (2017): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2017.4.

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India possesses a highly developed higher education system. Every student desires to learn and be successful in school. If they are not, we must strive to understand the nature of their learning problems. If students are demonstrating self-defeating behaviors, such as not bothering about anything, or quitting, or not trying, or upset in home as well as in college, we must recognize that these are ineffective coping strategies that often mask feelings of vulnerability, low self-esteem, and hopelessness. Self-esteem issues take on a particular significance for students with learning or attention
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37

Sun, Wenjia, Hongbin Chen, Yudong Liu, et al. "Prevalence and Characterization of Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from 14 Cities in China." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 9 (2009): 3642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00206-09.

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ABSTRACT The prevalence of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) among 1,012 vancomycin-susceptible methicillin (meticillin)-resistant S. aureus isolates collected from 14 cities in China from 2005 to 2007 was 13 to 16%, as determined by a combination of (i) measurement by the modified population analysis profile-area under the curve method (PAP-AUC) and (ii) estimation from the measured sensitivity and specificity of a screening method. Two hundred isolates from blood were chosen as a subset for measurement of the sensitivities and the specificities of several pr
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38

Salazar, Gonzalo, Felipe Irarrázaval, and Martín Fonck. "Exploring intermediate cities in Latin America: mixed mobile methods for mobility assessment in Villarrica, Chile." Geographical Journal 183, no. 3 (2017): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12210.

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39

Ramirez-Guerrero, T., M. Toro, G. A. Villegas López, and L. F. Castañeda. "Low-cost computational systems applied to physical architectures in public transportation systems of intermediate cities." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1702 (November 2020): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1702/1/012018.

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40

Quispe Fernandez, Gabith, Dante Ayaviri Nina, Marlon Villa Villa, Rodrigo Velarde Flores, and Marieta Tapia Muñoz. "Motivating Factors of Informal Trade in Intermediate Cities of Ecuador: Application of the Factorial Model." International Education Studies 13, no. 8 (2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n8p42.

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This research aims to identify the motivating factors that influence the development of informal trade by merchants in the Republic of Ecuador. For this, the inductive method, at causal-statistical level, is applied; making use of a questionnaire as an information collection tool, with a sample of 310 informal merchants from a population of 3,600 located in the city of Riobamba. Factor analysis and linear regression are used. Results show that informal activity is related to unemployment, independence and necessity; being that informal trade depends on age, marital status, ethnicity, area, eco
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41

Ureña, José M., Philippe Menerault, and Maddi Garmendia. "The high-speed rail challenge for big intermediate cities: A national, regional and local perspective." Cities 26, no. 5 (2009): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2009.07.001.

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42

Mondek, Norbert. "High-speed Line Servicing of Medium-sized Intermediate Cities: a Case Study of Jihlava (Czechia)." Transportation Research Procedia 53 (2021): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.02.015.

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43

Yanhua, Diao. "Research on the forecast of tourism reception consumption trend – Taking Shandong Province as an example." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 01083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125101083.

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Based on the data of 2019 large-scale sample survey of domestic tourists and related economic data, this paper analyses the future per capita domestic tourism expenditure of 16 cities in Shandong Province based on the Markov process. It is found that the unbalanced phenomenon of tourism consumption in 16 cities in the province will exist for a long time, which needs to be paid enough attention. However, in the end, the per capita tourism consumption in most cities will enter the advanced stage from the primary stage and the intermediate stage. Finally, according to the analysis, the paper give
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44

Louf, Rémi, and Marc Barthelemy. "A typology of street patterns." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 101 (2014): 20140924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0924.

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We propose a quantitative method to classify cities according to their street pattern. We use the conditional probability distribution of shape factor of blocks with a given area and define what could constitute the ‘fingerprint’ of a city. Using a simple hierarchical clustering method, these fingerprints can then serve as a basis for a typology of cities. We apply this method to a set of 131 cities in the world, and at an intermediate level of the dendrogram, we observe four large families of cities characterized by different abundances of blocks of a certain area and shape. At a lower level
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45

Hajikhani, Arash. "Impact of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Discussions in Smart Cities: Comprehensive Assessment of Social Media Data." Smart Cities 3, no. 1 (2020): 112–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3010007.

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Discussions on “smart cities” are gaining in popularity in the past two decades and has shown potential in tackling the cities’ environmental, social, and economic challenges. Smart cities are known as a system of physical infrastructure, the information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure, and the social infrastructure that exchange information that flows between its many different subsystems. The “smart cities” concept has been introduced with various dimensions, among those, the embedded ICT infrastructure in smart cities is playing a decisive role between the functions of th
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46

Combes, Pierre-Philippe, Gilles Duranton, and Laurent Gobillon. "The Costs of Agglomeration: House and Land Prices in French Cities." Review of Economic Studies 86, no. 4 (2018): 1556–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdy063.

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AbstractWe develop a new methodology to estimate the elasticity of urban costs with respect to city population using French house and land price data. After handling a number of estimation concerns, we find that the elasticity of urban costs increases with city population with an estimate of about 0.03 for an urban area with 100,000 inhabitants to 0.08 for an urban area of the size of Paris. Our approach also yields a number of intermediate outputs of independent interest such as the share of housing in expenditure, the elasticity of unit house and land prices with respect to city population,
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Barilari, Agustina, Mauricio Quiroz Londoño, Marta del Carmen Paris, María Lourdes Lima, and Héctor E. Massone. "Groundwater contamination from point sources. A hazard index to protect water supply wells in intermediate cities." Groundwater for Sustainable Development 10 (April 2020): 100363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100363.

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48

Khan, Mohammad Owais. "Counteractive Measures for the Tribulations Faced by Intermediate Students of Selected Colleges of Lucknow, While Teaching and Learning English." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 10, no. 3 (2019): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1003.15.

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The present study attempts to highlight the issues related to the Tribulations and Counteractive measures for teaching and learning English to Intermediate students of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. The language policy in intermediate college education emerged as a social and personal problem. The quality of English Language teaching in majority of Indian Intermediate Colleges presents a very appalling picture. Teachers’ language proficiency, exposure to language and teaching materials is major concerns for quality English language learning. In reality intermediate students’ situation in
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49

Agudelo-Castañeda, Dayana Milena, Elba Calesso Teixeira, Larissa Alves, Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño, and Laura Andrea Rodríguez-Villamizar. "Monthly-Term Associations Between Air Pollutants and Respiratory Morbidity in South Brazil 2013–2016: A Multi-City, Time-Series Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (2019): 3787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203787.

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Most air pollution research conducted in Brazil has focused on assessing the daily-term effects of pollutants, but little is known about the health effects of air pollutants at an intermediate time term. The objective of this study was to determine the monthly-term association between air pollution and respiratory morbidity in five cities in South Brazil. An ecological time-series study was performed using the municipality as the unit of observation in five cities in South Brazil (Gravataí, Triunfo, Esteio, Canoas, and Charqueadas) between 2013 and 2016. Data for hospital admissions was obtain
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50

Lenzi, Camilla, and Giovanni Perucca. "Happiness in Romanian cities on the road from post-communism transition to EU accession." REGION 3, no. 2 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v3i2.123.

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<p>The literature on life satisfaction in transition countries, and in particular on Romania, demonstrated that life satisfaction significantly differs across rural communities and cities of different size. The question addressed in this paper is whether these imbalances are stable over time or, instead, they become manifest in the presence of strong divergences in the economic growth rates of different kinds of communities. Results point out that in the period of sharp economic growth led by large urban areas, as the one experienced by Romania on the road to EU accession, rural/urban di
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