Academic literature on the topic 'Intermediate goal'
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Journal articles on the topic "Intermediate goal"
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Tanaka, Sachiyo. "Choices of Task by Preschool Children: A Model for Explaining Choices of Easy, Intermediate, and Difficult Tasks." Psychological Reports 78, no. 3_suppl (1996): 1259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.3c.1259.
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The purpose of this study was to offer a model that explained choices of easy, intermediate, and difficult tasks by preschool children. From the author's past studies, three goals were assumed to be associated with children's choices of tasks. Preschool children choose an easy task when their goals are to receive a favorable estimation by others (estimation goal), an intermediate task when they are interested in the task (task goal), and a difficult task when their concerns are focused on the value of success (value of success goal).
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Nwankwo, Vesta, Janet Bettger, Cindy L. Green, and Thomas Risoli. "4316 Preoperative Goal-setting by Patients is Correlated with Baseline and Not 6-week Outcomes following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.421.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Patient beliefs and goals can facilitate discussion of recovery expectations, patient-provider collaboration and maximization of goal achievement. In this study, we sought to address an evidence gap and examine the association of preoperative self-assessment of goals with preoperative and 6-week knee function and gait speed among total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the VERITAS randomized, controlled trial conducted from 11/2016-03/2018 that included adults age ≥ 18 years with scheduled and completed unilateral TKA followed by post-surgical physical therapy. Patients rated their ability to perform various activities of daily living goals scaled from 0 (unable to perform) to 10 (full performance). Patients were categorized by pre-surgical (baseline) goal rating: low = 0-2, intermediate = 3-4, and high = 5-10. Outcomes including gait speed and the KOOS were assessed within 10 days prior to surgery and 6-weeks post-surgery. Descriptive statistics and outcomes were compared for patients by preoperative goal rating using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests and ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests as appropriate. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of 288 patients (mean age 65±8; 62.5% women; 82% white), 102 had a low goal rating (GR), 86 intermediate, and 99 high. Patients with low GR preoperatively generally had lower baseline mean scores than intermediate and high GR patients, respectively, on the KOOS (33.9/35.6/39.8; p<0.001) and lower gait speed (m/s) compared to intermediate and high GR patients at baseline (0.9/1.1/1.0; p = 0.009). The low, intermediate, and high GR groups, respectively, showed no difference across mean KOOS scores (61.0/61.2/61.9; p = 0.63) or gait speed (m/s) (1.0/1.0/1.0, p = 0.33) at 6 weeks postoperative. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: In this study, adults who perceived greater difficulty with a pre-selected activity goal, exhibited lower function prior to TKA but showed no differences in function 6-weeks after surgery. Follow-up studies will describe the association between goal-setting preoperatively and patient goal attainment and satisfaction following surgery.
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Walker, Kenneth, and Ralph E. Griswold. "The maintenance of intermediate values in goal-directed evaluation." ACM Letters on Programming Languages and Systems 1, no. 3 (1992): 284–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/151640.151341.
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Ishak, Aulia, and Poltak Nababan. "The fuzzy goal programming approach to production planning of intermediate gear spare parts: a case study." Jurnal Sistem dan Manajemen Industri 4, no. 2 (2020): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/jsmi.v4i2.2143.
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Production planning has an important role in the company's business processes. A company engaged in the manufacture of intermediate gear parts has a problem in optimizing its production system. The production planning system that occurs is still based on predictions from decision-makers. This study aims to optimize the production planning system to maximize the 15T intermediate gear spare parts' production capacity and the 30T intermediate gear spare parts. Optimization of production planning uses the fuzzy goal programming method to optimize objectives based on existing constraints such as working hours, profit tolerance values, and demand tolerance values. The results showed that the use of fuzzy goal programming was able to increase the production level by 2.765, with an increase in profit of 2.57%. Fuzzy goal programming implementation provides an optimal solution in increasing profits in accordance with company goals based on the constraints that occur.
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You, Si Cheon. "Development of the 'Life Roadmap' Model Using Visual Information Design Principles: Focusing on Goal Setting and Enhancing Prospective Memory." Korean Institute of Smart Media 13, no. 12 (2024): 180–89. https://doi.org/10.30693/smj.2024.13.12.180.
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This study proposes methods to enhance the efficiency of setting and executing personal life goals by applying visual information design principles to life planning. Through theoretical exploration based on the conceptual model of the “Life Roadmap,” the study suggests that the following elements can effectively structure complex and abstract life goals in a clear and systematic way in the life planning process: 1) a linear hierarchical representation of intermediate goals based on a geometric sequence, 2) an integrated visual framework that arranges intermediate goals and bucket lists in a vertical parallel structure, and 3) incorporation of visual narrative design elements. Among these, a novel method of integrating bucket lists into the “Life Roadmap” was found to significantly maximize motivation and a sense of achievement in the goal attainment process. Additionally, it was confirmed that visual design elements stimulating prospective memory positively impact long-term goal achievement by clarifying the relationship between goals and actions. In conclusion, the “Life Roadmap” applying visual information design principles presents potential as a practical tool for enhancing goal setting and achievement capabilities, with broad applications in the fields of self-development and goal management.
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Zhai, Yuexiang, Christina Baek, Zhengyuan Zhou, Jiantao Jiao, and Yi Ma. "Computational Benefits of Intermediate Rewards for Goal-Reaching Policy Learning." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 73 (March 12, 2022): 847–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.13326.
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 Many goal-reaching reinforcement learning (RL) tasks have empirically verified that rewarding the agent on subgoals improves convergence speed and practical performance. We attempt to provide a theoretical framework to quantify the computational benefits of rewarding the completion of subgoals, in terms of the number of synchronous value iterations. In particular, we consider subgoals as one-way intermediate states, which can only be visited once per episode and propose two settings that consider these one-way intermediate states: the one-way single-path (OWSP) and the one-way multi-path (OWMP) settings. In both OWSP and OWMP settings, we demonstrate that adding intermediate rewards to subgoals is more computationally efficient than only rewarding the agent once it completes the goal of reaching a terminal state. We also reveal a trade-off between computational complexity and the pursuit of the shortest path in the OWMP setting: adding intermediate rewards significantly reduces the computational complexity of reaching the goal but the agent may not find the shortest path, whereas with sparse terminal rewards, the agent finds the shortest path at a significantly higher computational cost. We also corroborate our theoretical results with extensive experiments on the MiniGrid environments using Q-learning and some popular deep RL algorithms.
 
 
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Korn, Edward L., and Boris Freidlin. "Surrogate and Intermediate Endpoints in Randomized Trials: What's the Goal?" Clinical Cancer Research 24, no. 10 (2018): 2239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0183.
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Samieh, Noori,, and Ashrafganjoe, Mohsen. "Flourishing EFL Learner’s Goal Setting and Self-regulation by Positive Psychology Intervention." Journal for the Study of English Linguistics 6, no. 1 (2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsel.v6i1.13558.
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This quasi-experimental study aimed at addressing the impact of Positive Psychology (PP) on Goal Setting (GS) and Self-regulating (SR) of EFL learners in an English institute located in Kerman. In so doing, the study utilized an experimental design with 20 participants, in two groups totaling 9 male and 11 female, students, and aged 19 to 34. In accordance with Dornyei (2007) cluster sampling, all intermediate EFL students (20 intermediate EFL students) in the institute, were selected to participate. The pretest showed that all the participants were homogenous with regard to their proficiency level as well as their goal setting and self-regulation. Data was collected over two months using the goal setting and self-regulation questionnaires developed by Erickson et al. (2015) before and after one term. The results of the post-test revealed that PP had a positive and significant impact on these learners’ goal setting and self-regulating. The findings from this research suggest positive psychology offers an effective path towards understanding, managing and successfully self-regulating and setting goals for ESL students.
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Datu, Jesus Alfonso D., and Nansook Park. "Perceived school kindness and academic engagement: The mediational roles of achievement goal orientations." School Psychology International 40, no. 5 (2019): 456–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034319854474.
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Perceptions of kindness at school have been linked to a few positive psychological outcomes including optimism, happiness, life satisfaction, and social goals. However, limited evidence has been generated on how kindness relates to academic-related outcomes. This study explored the association of perceived school kindness with different domains of academic engagement. It also examined whether school kindness would have indirect effects on engagement outcomes via the intermediate variables – achievement goal orientations (i.e., mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals). Results showed that school kindness was positively correlated to agentic, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement. Bias-corrected bootstrapping analyses demonstrated that perceived school kindness had indirect effects on behavioral engagement and cognitive engagement via the intermediate variables, approach goals. While mastery-approach goals mediated the link between perceived school kindness and emotional engagement, performance-approach goals mediated the association of perceived school kindness with agentic engagement. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Vidic, Zeljka, and Damon Burton. "The Roadmap: Examining the Impact of a Systematic Goal-Setting Program for Collegiate Women’s Tennis Players." Sport Psychologist 24, no. 4 (2010): 427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.24.4.427.
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This study assessed the impact of an 8-week goal-setting program on the motivation, confidence and performance of collegiate women tennis players using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study design. This goal-setting program used the ‘roadmap’ concept; a unique systematic approach to goal-setting that focused on setting coordinated long-, intermediate-, and short-term goals. Participants consisted of six female Division I collegiate tennis players who completed seven instruments to assess intervention effectiveness. Over the 8-week intervention, all 6 players demonstrated improvements in motivation, confidence and performance measures, particularly on targeted variables. Qualitative results further strengthen support for intervention success, with all six athletes consistently reporting that goal-setting was beneficial in enhancing their motivation, confidence and performance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Intermediate goal"
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Saint, Blanquat Paul de. "Les comportements orientés vers un but : implication de l'hippocampe et du cortex préfrontal chez le rat." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10129/document.
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Les comportements orientés vers un but sont complexes et font appel à un grand nombre de processus cérébraux. Le cortex préfrontal médian (mPFC) apparaît comme une structure clef dans la réalisation de ces comportements de par son rôle dans la planification. De plus, il existe au sein du mPFC des cellules signalant les lieux à forte valeur motivationnelle. L’activité de ces neurones pourrait être essentielle à la mise en place d’un comportement spatial dirigé vers un but. S’orienter vers un but nécessite aussi la construction d’une représentation stable de l’environnement, qui repose sur l’activité de l’hippocampe (HPC). Néanmoins, peu de travaux ont analysé le rôle respectif de ces deux structures, et leurs interactions, lors de l’acquisition et de la consolidation d’une stratégie comportementale orientée vers un but. L’objectif des recherches réalisées au cours de ma thèse est donc d’étudier l’implication de l’hippocampe et du cortex préfrontal médian du rat dans ce processus. Notre première étude a montré l’existence d’un codage prospectif au sein des neurones du mPFC durant la réalisation d’une tâche de mémoire de travail.L’activité des neurones signale à la fois, la séquence temporelle comportementale, et l’anticipation de la récompense, et jouerait ainsi un rôle dans les fonctions exécutives. Dans la deuxième étude, nous nous sommes intéressés aux structures cérébrales impliquées dans la mise à jour de la valence du but ainsi que dans sa rétention à long terme. Nos résultats ont montré que l’inactivation de l’hippocampe intermédiaire provoque des déficits dans le traitement à court terme d’un changement de valence. En revanche, l’inactivation du mPFC empêche le stockage à long terme de ce changement. L’activité de ces deux structures serait donc essentielle pour effectuer une mise à jour en temps réel de la valence d’un but et pour sa consolidation en mémoire à long terme. Leur interaction permettrait d’adapter rapidement et de façon durable la stratégie comportementale de l’animal face aux changements de l’environnement<br>Goal-directed behaviors are complex and involve a variety of cognitive processes. Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a key role in behavioral planning. More over, cells in the rat mPFC show specific firing modulations at location with a high motivational value. Such neuronal activity could be essential for the setting up installation of a goal-directed behavior. Further more, navigating to a spatial goal requires the building of a stable presentation of the environment which is hippocampus-dependent. So far however, only few studies have addressed the respective role of these two structures, and their interaction, during the acquisition and the consolidation of a goal directed-behavior. The work conducted during my PhD thesis aimed at studying the role of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in this process. In a first study,we showed the existence of a prospective coding by mPFC neurons when the rat performs a working memory task. Neuronal activity signals both, the temporal sequence of the behavior, and the prediction of reward. These neurons would play a role inexecutive functions. In a second study, we focused on cerebral structures involved in the updating of the value of a goal as well as in its long-term retention. Our results showed that the inactivation of the intermediate hippocampus causes deficit in the short-term processing of a change in the goal value. On the other hand, the inactivation of the mPFC prevents long-term consolidation of this change. Integrity of this two structures would therefore be essential to perform an on-line updating of the goal value and for its long-term consolidation. Their interaction would be necessary to rapidly adapt, and in a lasting manner, the behavioral strategy of the animal when it faces an environmental change
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Mohlin, Ida. "Åtgärdsprogram : Pedagogers uppfattningar och erfarenheter." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4944.
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<p>The purpose of this study is to learn about educationalists´ apprehensions and their experiences of working with action programmes within the compulsory school's earlier years. Two issues have been composed in order to meet this purpose. They are also the foundation of the interview questions, which are enclosed at the end of the essay.</p><p>The purpose with the issues is to look into educationalists´ work with action programmes. Another purpose is to find out how they consider an action programme should be formulated in order to function as a support for students in need of special aid.</p><p>From the study the result shows that the apprehensions of working with action programmes are separating from one teacher to another. The informants of the study indicate the importance differs inviting both pupils and parents to participate in the entire process. They also indicate that the advantage of accuracy in the document and the descriptions for example who´s responsible for what and when the evaluation will be implemented. The study also shows the benefits of having distinct goals and intermediate goals, which are crucial for a successful result and good motivation.</p><br><p>Undersökningens syfte är att ta reda på pedagogers erfarenheter och uppfattningar av arbetet med åtgärdsprogram inom grundskolans tidigare år. För att uppfylla detta syfte har två frågeställningar arbetats fram. Dessa ligger även till grund för de intervjufrågor som bifogats i slutet av uppsatsen.</p><p>Frågeställningarnas uppgift är att undersöka pedagogers arbete med åtgärdsprogram. De syftar även till att se hur pedagoger anser att ett åtgärdsprogram bör utformas för att på bästa sätt fungera som en hjälp för elever i behov av särskilt stöd.</p><p>Resultatet från undersökningen visar att uppfattningarna om arbetet med åtgärdsprogram skiljer sig markant. Informanterna påpekar betydelsen av att både elev och vårdnadshavare inbjuds till delaktighet i hela processen kring åtgärdsprogrammet. De beskriver även fördelen med tydligheten i dokumentet, där åtgärden beskrivs, vem som ansvarar för vad samt när uppföljning och utvärdering skall genomföras. Det framgår även att fördelen med att sätta upp tydliga mål- och delmål är avgörande för god motivation och i förlängningen ett lyckat resultat.</p>
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Mair, Simon, A. Jones, J. Ward, I. Christie, A. Druckman, and F. Lyon. "A Critical Review of the Role of Indicators in Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18258.
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Yes<br>The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) bring together environmental, social and economic concerns. They therefore have the potential to move society away from the dominant model of prosperity as purely economic toward a more holistic and ‘sustainable’ prosperity. But, the success of such a transformative agenda rests on its implementation. At the heart of planned implementation of the SDGs is a set of 230 indicators. Indicators have been strongly critiqued in a range of literatures. However, in the context of the SDGs, indicators have been described as ‘essential’ with little critical assessment of their role in implementation. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide this critical voice. To do this, the chapter reviews critiques of indicators from sustainability science, anthropology and sociology and provides illustrative cases of indicators implementation. From this review we are able to draw lessons for the use of indicators in SDG implementation. Specifically, the chapter argues that indicators are reductionist and struggle with contested concepts. Nevertheless, by making the operationalisation of concepts visible and enabling quantified analysis, indicators can have a useful role in SDG implementation. However, this requires that indicator critiques are taken seriously and inform indicator use.<br>ESRC Research Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity, Grant Number ES/M010163/1
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Costa, Carlos Henrique Coutinho Rodriques. "Pedagogical goals addressed in published intermediate piano repertoire composed by Brazilians from 1950 to 1990 : a selected annotated bibliography." 2002. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/costa%5Fcarlos%5Fh%5F200208%5Fdma.
Full textBooks on the topic "Intermediate goal"
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Urrutia Sánchez, Elena. 10 didactic activities for intermediate english classes. Universidad de La Salle. Ediciones Unisalle, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/9789585136441.
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This book has been created for both intermediate English students and their English teachers, who will be able to find a variety of activities to complement their English classes. Although this book has been particularly designed for Intermediate English levels and academic spaces at the Licenciatura en Lengua Castellana, Inglés y Francés, such as Language and Communication I II, Language Interaction and Anglophone Society I II, and even Pedagogical Practicum and Formative Research, it can be adapted to several other levels of mastery of the language, as well as to a wide range of educational EFL (English as a Foreign Language) and ESL (English as a Second Language) settings, given the fact that the book's main aim is to provide students with the opportunity to take a prime role as the center of the leaming process of a rich experience of language in use (Krashen, 1989). Such goal can be achieved through didactic class tasks that can ignite the thirst for communicating in English in order to consolidate the concepts already learned in class and, beyond that, by letting go of any fear and anxiety to 'function' well-or 'accurately'-in English class, and sharing their own background knowledge and their own 'self' towards the construction of new ways of thinking and seeing the world that surrounds them within an educational framework.
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Troberg, Michelle, and Heather Burnett. From Latin to Modern French: A punctuated shift. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747840.003.0008.
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This chapter presents data that challenge the prevailing assumption that as Latin evolves into French, it passes gradually from a satellite-framed language to a verb-framed language. In fact, Medieval French presents an unexpected intermediate stage, a grammar that includes a number of satellite-framed constructions that are present neither in Latin nor in Modern French (verb particles, goal-of-motion constructions, complex adjectival resultative constructions). Moreover, there is evidence that these constructions disappear abruptly during the same period. We provide a micro-parametric account for the presence of verb particles and goal-of-motion constructions in Medieval French whereby both are made possible through the presence of a null Path morpheme having the meaning of TO, which arises as early as Late Latin, as the Latin telicizing prefixes become decreasingly salient.
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Brown, Jason. Lower Body Training. Human Kinetics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718225350.
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Get the help you need to achieve a stronger lower body. Lower Body Training is a comprehensive guide containing the most up-to-date, scientifically proven strategies for increasing lower body size, strength, and power. Jason Brown, a program design expert who has worked with CrossFit affiliates and strength and conditioning facilities around the world, shares his innovative programs for a variety of different training goals, ranging from increased lower body size and strength to improved athletic performance. Lower Body Training offers dozens of options for developing all the muscles of the lower body. The exercises are organized by the movement patterns they target—quad dominant, hip dominant, isolation, and plyometric—and feature variations based on the equipment you have available without sacrificing results. You will also find recommendations for selecting a balance of exercises to maximize effectiveness and reduce lower back pain and other potential overuse or acute injuries. Best of all, Lower Body Training includes programs using maximal, submaximal, and dynamic training methods. The programs—categorized by beginner, intermediate, or advanced—target specific goals such as hypertrophy, strength, or athletic performance. Plus, there are variations for making staple exercises even more effective. Whether your goal is increased lower body size and strength or improved athletic performance, Lower Body Training has the tools to help you get there. Earn continuing education credits/units! A continuing education exam that uses this book is also available. It may be purchased separately or as part of a package that includes both the book and exam.
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Banerjee, Ashis, and Clara Oliver. Infectious diseases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198786870.003.0015.
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Infectious diseases is a large topic; however, the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) curriculum focuses on the key areas which this chapter covers. One of the most important areas in emergency medicine is sepsis and its early recognition. The management of sepsis is currently changing in line with current research. This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of the diagnosis and management of sepsis, with particular respect to early goal-directed therapy and the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, knowledge of which is required for the Intermediate Fellowship of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine short-answer question (FRCEM SAQ) paper. In addition, this chapter also covers the pathophysiology and management of fever, as well as neutropenic sepsis and central nervous system infections. This chapter also covers the public health aspect of infections, as well as the management of needlestick injuries.
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Songer, Donald R., and Susan B. Haire. Access to Intermediate Appellate Courts. Edited by Lee Epstein and Stefanie A. Lindquist. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579891.013.12.
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The formal organization of court systems and jurisdictional rules established by legislatures often determine which litigants will have their cases reviewed by an appellate court. While some procedural obstacles are straightforward in their application, others require judicial interpretation with research findings suggesting that judges’ policy goals are related to decision-making on threshold issues. Even if there are no jurisdictional constraints, some losing litigants weigh the costs and benefits of pursuing an appeal. Still, filing an appeal does not guarantee full consideration of the issues raised by an appellant. Caseload pressures have contributed to screening procedures that result in only a minority of cases being closely scrutinized by an appellate panel. This chapter examines research on this winnowing process that characterizes litigant access to intermediate appellate courts.
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Galderisi, Maurizio, and Sergio Mondillo. Assessment of diastolic function. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199599639.003.0009.
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Modern assessment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function should be based on the estimation of degree of LV filling pressure (LVFP), which is the true determinant of symptoms/signs and prognosis in heart failure.In order to achieve this goal, standard Doppler assessment of mitral inflow pattern (E/A ratio, deceleration time, isovolumic relaxation time) should be combined with additional manoeuvres and/or ultrasound tools such as: ◆ Valsalva manoeuvre applied to mitral inflow pattern. ◆ Pulmonary venous flow pattern. ◆ Velocity flow propagation by colour M-mode. ◆ Pulsed wave tissue Doppler of mitral annuls (average of septal and lateral E′ velocity).In intermediate doubtful situations, the two-dimensional determination of left atrial (LA) volume can be diagnostic, since LA enlargement is associated with a chronic increase of LVFP in the absence of mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation.Some new echocardiographic technologies, such as the speckle tracking-derived LV longitudinal strain and LV torsion, LA strain, and even the three-dimensional determination of LA volumes can be potentially useful to add further information. In particular, the reduction of LV longitudinal strain in patients with LV diastolic dysfunction and normal ejection fraction demonstrates that a subclinical impairment of LV systolic function already exists under these circumstances.
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Khanna, Tarun, and Budhaditya Gupta. The Private Provision of Missing Public Goods. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199476084.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the long-standing puzzle of the optimal role and impact of private business in public life based on evidence from a healthcare entrepreneur in India. To realize its goal of delivering affordable, high-quality care to the indigent population in India, Narayana Health (NH) had to address a number of voids created by the absence of supporting market institutions. This was done with entrepreneurial aplomb, sometimes even catalysing governmental action, by becoming a trusted intermediary to providers of all sorts of factor inputs who would otherwise not make their services available. This partial private provision of public infrastructure by NH illustrates how social investments by resource-constrained entrepreneurs in emerging markets can yield both private and public benefits.
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Sicker, Martin. The Islamic World in Ascendancy. Praeger, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400673023.
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In the view of Dr. Martin Sicker, it was with the emergence of Islam that the combination of geopolitics and religion reached its most volatile form and provided the ideological context for war and peace in the Middle East for more than a millennium. The conflation of geopolitics and religion in Islam is predicated on the concept ofjihad(struggle), which may be understood as acrescentade, in the same sense as the later Christiancrusade, which seeks to achieve a religious goal, the conversion of the world to Islam, by militant means. This equates to a concept of perpetual war with the non-Muslim world, a concept that underlays Muslim geopolitical thinking throughout the thousand-year period covered in this book. However, as Sicker amply demonstrates, the concept often bore little relation to the political realities of the region that as often as not saw Muslims and non-Muslims aligned against and at war with other Muslims. The story of the emergence and phenomenal ascendancy of the Islamic world from a relatively small tribe in sparsely populated Arabia is one that taxes the imagination, but it becomes more comprehensible when viewed through a geopolitical prism. Religion was repeatedly and often shamelessly harnessed to geopolitical purpose by both Muslims and Christians, albeit with arguably greater Muslim success. Islamic ascendancy began as an Arab project, initially focused on the Arabian peninsula, but was soon transformed into an imperialist movement with expansive ambitions. As it grew, it quickly registered highly impressive gains, but soon lost much of its Arab content. It ended a millennium later as a Turkish—more specifically, an Ottoman—project with many intermediate transformations. The reverberations of the thousand-year history of that ascendancy are still felt today in many parts of the greater Middle East. A comprehensive geopolitical survey for scholars, students, researchers, and all others interested in the history of the Middle East and Islam.
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Wenke, Robert J., Richard W. Redding, and Anthony J. Cagle, eds. Kom el-Hisn (ca. 2500–1900 BC). Lockwood Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/2016536.
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This volume presents the findings of three seasons of excavation in the 1980s at Kom el-Hisn, "the mound of the fortress," in the northwest Nile Delta. This provincial community was often in the orbit of Memphis, the capital and administrative center of Egypt's Old Kingdom period. Small areas of occupations of the First Intermediate and early Middle Kingdom periods were also excavated. One of the goals of the excavations was to complement and compare the substantial ancient textual record of this era with Kom el-Hisn's archaeological record because such evidence is sparse for Lower Egypt between about 2500 and 1800 BC. The findings presented here reveal the complexity of small Old Kingdom settlements in the context of the Memphite state organization and shed light on the changing relationships of this administrative center with its provincial communities. Kom el-Hisn's faunal, floral, lithic, and architectural remains are presented and discussed in detail, as are some theoretical and methodological issues relevant to this research.
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Landau, David, and Bruce Finn. Multi-Camera Cinematography and Production. Edited by David Landau. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501374616.
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A how-to book on the art, craft and practice of TV/video/streaming cinematography for multi-camera shooting. This book is written for anyone wanting to film, direct or produce multiple camera productions. Lighting Directors, Directors of Photography, Camera Operators as well as Directors, Producers and Production Managers will all find valuable information that will help them do their job and accomplish their goals of effectively filming with more than one camera at the same time. This book could be seen as an intermediate to advanced media production course book for colleges. It is also meant to give insight and inspiration to those starting out their professional careers in multi-camera productions. The text covers advice for producing and filming content using two or more cameras in many genres including Sitcom, Stand-up, News, Talk Show, Interview, Reality, Corporate Video and Indie Movies, with budgets both big and small, by two award winning professional industry cinematographers/lighting directors with over 30 years of experience each.
Book chapters on the topic "Intermediate goal"
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Zhang, Junjie, Qi Wu, Chunhua Shen, Jian Zhang, Jianfeng Lu, and Anton van den Hengel. "Goal-Oriented Visual Question Generation via Intermediate Rewards." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2018. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01228-1_12.
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Zaporozhets, Oleksandr. "Balanced Approach to Aircraft Noise Management." In Aviation Noise Impact Management. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91194-2_3.
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AbstractICAO Balanced Approach (BA) to aircraft noise management in airports is reviewed in accordance with historical and technological challenges. All four basic elements of the BA are subject to noise exposure control with dominant emphasis on reduction of noise at source and compatible land usage inside the noise zoning around the airports. Noise abatement procedures and flight restrictions are used at any airport due to its specific issues and should be implemented on a basis of cost–benefit analysis. Noise exposure reduction is an intermediate goal, a final goal—to reduce noise impact, which is mostly represented by population annoyance as a reaction to noise exposure, is discussed also.
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Bich, Leonardo, and Derek Skillings. "There Are No Intermediate Stages: An Organizational View on Development." In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38968-9_11.
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AbstractTheoretical accounts of development exhibit several internal tensions and face multiple challenges. They span from the problem of the identification of the temporal boundaries of development (beginning and end) to the characterization of the distinctive type of change involved compared to other biological processes. They include questions such as the role to ascribe to the environment or what types of biological systems can undergo development and whether they should include colonies or even ecosystems. In this chapter we discuss these conceptual issues, and we argue that adopting an organizational approach may help solve or clarify them.While development is usually identified with the achievement of an adult form with the capability to reproduce and therefore maintain a lineage, adopting the organizational approach may provide a different strategy, which focuses also on the maintenance of the current organization of the organism. By doing so an organizational approach favors a switch in perspective which consists in analyzing how organisms maintain their viability at each moment of development rather than considering them as going through intermediate stages of a process directed toward a specific goal state. This developmental dimension of biological organization has yet to be given a general and detailed analysis within the organizational theoretical perspective, apart from some preliminary attempts. How a biological organization is maintained through a series of radical organizational changes and what these changes are issues that still require clarification. In this chapter we offer the beginnings of such an analysis of developmental transitions, understood as changes in functionality brought forth by regulatory mechanisms in the context of the continued maintenance of organizational viability at every step.
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Avram, Anca M. "Radioiodine Theranostics of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma." In Integrated Diagnostics and Theranostics of Thyroid Diseases. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35213-3_7.
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AbstractCurrent management of patients with thyroid cancer requires a risk-adapted approach to treatment and multidisciplinary cooperation. Routine use of 131-I administration after total thyroidectomy is no longer recommended as this approach has been challenged by evidence that remnant ablation does not improve survival in low-risk patients. However, therapeutic 131-I administration in intermediate- and high-risk patients demonstrated significant benefits in improving overall survival. Radioiodine (131-I Na-I) is the classic agent used for the diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) based on sodium–iodine symporter expression in normal and neoplastic thyroid tissues permitting the integration of diagnostic imaging and therapeutics using the same radionuclide (i.e., theranostics) targeting specific characteristics of tumor biology. Radioiodine theragnostics involves the acquisition of pre-ablation diagnostic scans (Dx Scans) to guide patient-individualized targeted 131-I therapy with goal of maximizing the benefits of the first therapeutic 131-I administration. Current imaging technology with hybrid SPECT/CT gamma camera systems has improved the capability of diagnostic radioiodine scintigraphy for identifying regional and distant metastatic disease and this imaging information can be used for 131-I treatment planning and delivery of activity-adjusted 131-I therapy for achieving intended treatment goals (e.g., remnant ablation, adjuvant treatment, and treatment of known disease). The goal of radioiodine theragnostics is to optimize the balance between 131-I therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects on non-target tissues. This chapter summarizes the new concepts and essential information at the core of multidisciplinary DTC management, which emphasizes individualization of 131I therapy according to the patient’s risk for tumor recurrence to maximize benefit and minimize morbidity.
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Sebastia, Laura, Eva Onaindia, and Eliseo Marzal. "STeLLa v2.0: Planning with Intermediate Goals." In Advances in Artificial Intelligence — IBERAMIA 2002. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36131-6_82.
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Lim, Gilbert, Wynne Hsu, and Mong Li Lee. "Intermediate Goals in Deep Learning for Retinal Image Analysis." In Computer Vision – ACCV 2018 Workshops. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21074-8_22.
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Field, Ellen, Michèle Andrews, John Hannah, Eleonor Kerr, Drew Stephens, and Alison Elliott. "Accelerating Change-Making: Reflections on Embedding Regenerative Practices in School Climate Action." In Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56172-6_7.
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AbstractThis chapter explores how three schools in Canada are accelerating climate action through a whole school approach, facilitated by the Climate Action Accelerator Program (CAAP). Teachers and administrators from three different schools and at different stages (early, intermediate, and advanced) of whole school sustainability, engaged in critical reflection on their schools’ journeys, shared through three vignettes. The vignettes are followed by a discussion of shared approaches across the schools that we noted as important—including regenerative practice as a paradigm shift—for moving schools along climate action pathways and whole school journeys as well as shared challenges and emerging opportunities.
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Marais, Lochner. "Phuthaditjhaba: The Rise and Fall of a Homeland Capital." In Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15773-8_2.
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AbstractGrand Apartheid in South Africa created ten ‘homelands’, each of which had a capital city. These capitals became places of power and symbolism. The apartheid government allocated large subsidies to support industrial development in these capitals, through the regional industrial development programme. Phuthaditjhaba became the capital of the QwaQwa homeland, with a parliament building, houses for chief ministers, and public spaces and buildings named after leaders. However, with the incorporation of QwaQwa into South Africa after the transition to a democratic government, Phuthaditjhaba lost its capital status. Despite one statue being removed, most of its public places named after homeland leaders remained. Today, Phuthaditjhaba is part of the Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality and stands to benefit from funding from the intermediate city support programme. However, poor financial management, political infighting and allegations of corruption are preventing it from accessing these funds. City planners would do better to focus on Phuthaditjhaba’s regional services function and the sustainable development role in the mountainous context and promote rural development.
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Vnuk, Rowena, and Allan O’Connor. "Industry Clusters, Intermediary Activities and Sustainable Transitions: A Call for Integration of Multiple Conceptual Frameworks?" In Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61923-7_7.
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Debrunner, Gabriela. "The IRR Applied to Housing: Governing Densification for Socially Sustainable Housing Development." In The Business of Densification. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49014-9_3.
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AbstractThe central goal of this book is not just to make the claim about densification leading to social exclusionand gentrification in housing, but rather to explain—with the help of the IRRanalytical framework (see Chapter 2) —what local governance mechanisms at play are responsible for this development and to identify the reasons behind this complex situation. To accomplish this aim, three theoretical blocks were identified that help to understand densification from a neoinstitutional and actor-centered perspective: social sustainability in housing (dependent variable), institutions (independent variable), and actors’ use strategies (intermediary variable (see Chapter 2 for theoretical basis). At the end of Chapter 3, five research hypotheses are presented, which address all the main dimensions needed to cover the main research question in a convincing manner.
Conference papers on the topic "Intermediate goal"
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Patterson, Andrew, Travis Edwards, and Abdel Bayoumi. "Dependence of Vibration Characteristics on Grease Service Levels in an AH-64D Intermediate Gearbox." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9619.
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The purpose of this experiment is to determine if the intermediate gearbox (IGB) grease service level can be characterized through existing condition-based maintenance (CBM) practices, which include vibration monitoring sensors and analysis algorithms, in the IGB of the AH-64D. A secondary objective is to quantify a common phenomenon in the gearbox–the expulsion of lubrication during different times of operation. If both goals are achieved then common maintenance practices on the aircraft can be changed to reduce workload. Three different gearboxes of similar condition were used for this experiment. Each gearbox was run in a two hour test under different loading conditions five separate times. In each iteration, the gearbox contained a different volume of grease that increased in 25% increments of the standard service level (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). The vibration data analyzed was collected through the modern signal processing unit (MSPU) to find a trend against the different amounts of grease. To complete the secondary goal, the amount of grease ejected during the initial parts of the runs was captured and weighed. This will be used to obtain a constant number at which to service the IGB and prevent the "burping" of grease during operation. . More research should be conducted to discover whether higher-order vibrations analysis will allow this fault to be detected.
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Valcheva, Nadezhda. "BLACK SEA THERMOHALIN STRATIFICATION: PARTICULARITY AND RECENT CHANGES." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s12.05.
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The Black Sea hydrological regime is impacted by external factors, which exerts effect on the sea surface in the process of interaction with the atmosphere and those confined to the lateral borders. The most pronounced features of the Black Sea thermohaline structure are large vertical contrasts in salinity (5 psu), temperature (20�C) and density (7 kg m-3); well-defined vertical asymmetry; existence of a cold intermediate layer during the warm half of the year with an absolute vertical temperature minimum, below which temperature inversion takes place; major contribution of salinity to density stratification. In view of the accelerated climate change, it is particularly important to consider the state and modification of the thermohaline balance, because it gives indications about the phase of basin evolution and climate change impact on the stability of stratification and associated risks. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to summarize the contemporary knowledge of the thermohaline structure and to illustrate the changes that have occurred during the period 1993-2022.
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Hariri, Mohiedin Bagheri, Bruce Brown, and Srdjan Nesic. "Revisiting the Anodic Dissolution of Pure Iron in Strong Acids." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17681.
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Abstract The goal of the research reported herein was to accomplish a quantitative mechanistic analysis of iron dissolution in strong acid in a potential range in the proximity of its open circuit potential (OCP), leading to articulation of a revised narrative of BDD† mechanism for iron dissolution; additional mechanistic pathways were postulated in addition to the hypothesized mechanisms of BDD and Heusler. Thirty-eight different pathways were investigated here and theoretical Butler-Volmer equations were written for each. The kinetic consequences of each pathway and the corresponding theoretical values of the main kinetic parameters were determined, and the theoretical outcomes were compared to the experimental observations. It was found that in strong acids (pH ⩽ 4) in the potential range of ±50 mV vs. OCP, the mechanism of iron dissolution agrees well with three pathways, and all three were explainable within the same framework of BDD mechanism, where the reaction of OH− with iron produces the adsorbed intermediate FeOHads. One single dissolution pathway which corresponds to the conversion of FeOHads to Fe(II)sol is dominant in the potential range adjacent to the OCP. Near OCP the effect of hydrogen reduction was taken into account using the linearity of the cathodic potentiodynamic branch to approximately extract the pure anodic data points from both anodic and cathodic sweeps.
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Been, Jenny. "Titanium Alloy 5111 Brings Intermediate Strength, Excellent Toughness, and Corrosion Resistance to Naval Operating Environments." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99499.
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Abstract Ti-5Al-1Sn-1Zr-1V-0.8Mo is a near alpha titanium alloy of intermediate strength, designed for high toughness, good weldability, stress-corrosion cracking resistance, and room temperature creep resistance. Ideally suited for marine environments, Ti 5111 offers the means to aid the navy in fullfilling their goals of reducing maintenance and life cycle costs, reducing topside and overall weight, improve survivability and increase reliability. The alloy was recently included in the ASTM bar and plate specifications as ASTM Grade 32.
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Holcomb, G. R., B. S. Covino, S. J. Bullard, S. D. Cramer, and M. Ziomek-Moroz. "Ultra Supercritical Steamside Oxidation." In CORROSION 2005. NACE International, 2005. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2005-05398.
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Abstract Ultra supercritical (USC) power plants offer the promise of higher efficiencies and lower emissions, Current goals of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Power Systems Initiatives include coal generation at 60% efficiency, which would require steam temperatures of up to 760°C. This research examines the steamside oxidation of advanced alloys for use in USC systems, with emphasis placed on alloys for high- and intermediate-pressure turbine sections.
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Holcomb, Gordon R., Bernard S. Covino, and Sophie J. Bullard. "Oxidation of Advanced Steam Turbine Alloys." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06453.
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Abstract Advanced or ultra supercritical (USC) steam power plants offer the promise of higher efficiencies and lower emissions. Current goals of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Power Systems Initiatives include coal generation at 60% efficiency, which would require steam temperatures of up to 760°C. This research examines the steamside oxidation of advanced alloys for use in USC systems, with emphasis placed on alloys for high- and intermediate-pressure turbine sections.
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Doi, Jun, Atsushi Yamada, and Keisuke Inoue. "A Face Clustering Method for a Hexahedral Meshing." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dac-48776.
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Finite element analysis has become a key technology for a design process of manufacturing industry. A hexahedral mesh is focused, because using a hexahedral mesh increases the quality of analysis. However it is very difficult problem to generate high quality hexahedral meshes, and there are many challenging research topics. Our goal is to develop a method to generate hexahedral meshes automatically to general volumes. Our method uses an intermediate model to recognize the input volume. The intermediate model is defined in the integer 3-dimensional space, and faces of the intermediate model are vertical to coordinate axes. Hexahedral mesh is generated by dividing the intermediate model into integer grids, and blocks of grids are projected into original volume. In this paper, we describe the method to generate a topology of the intermediate model. We use face clustering technique to generate the topology of the intermediate model. The faces of the input volume are clustered into 6 types; according to 3 coordinate axes and its direction, and clustered faces will be the faces of the intermediate model.
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Villalva, Rodrigo, Brian Dolan, David Munday, et al. "Emissions and Operability of a Multi-Point Low NOx Staged Combustor at Intermediate Pressures." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95135.
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Emissions measurements were performed on a low-NOx emission combustor concept developed by United Technologies Aerospace Systems (formerly Goodrich) for NASA’s Environmentally Responsible Aircraft (ERA) program to meet N+2 emissions goals for a 70,000 pound thrust engine application. A key enabler of this goal is to improve combustion stability at low power conditions over that of previous work. The combustion system presented potentially substitutes five radially staged small injectors for a single row of larger injectors. The test combustor has a total of 13 individual fuel injectors distributed in five rows. NOx, CO, and UHC were measured for a variety of practical conditions, from lean blow-out to idle and simulated full power. Imaging provided insight on how the staged injectors perform and contribute to observed emissions. Conditions which yield significant NOx reductions were identified and correlate well to existing literature. In particular, evenly distributed combustion among all 13 fuel injectors reduced regions of high temperature and resulted in significant NOx reductions which correlate well with demonstrated performance of other multi-point combustors.
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Fan, Chi-Hsuan, and Tseng-Ping Chiu. "STUDY OF ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GOAL-DIRECTED SEARCH AND EXPLORATORY BROWSING IN INTERMEDIATE CHOICE LIST ON E-COMMERCE." In ICEEG 2022: 2022 6th International Conference on E-Commerce, E-Business and E-Government. ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3537693.3537717.
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Rosenfeld, Azriel. "Future Directions in Machine Vision." In Machine Vision. Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mv.1985.wa3.
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This paper will give some important examples of recent and anticipated progress in computer vision, including low-level (two-dimensional), intermediate-level (2½- and 3-dimensional), and high-level (goal-directed) techniques.
Reports on the topic "Intermediate goal"
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Batten, Dallas S., and Michael T. Belongia. Selecting an Intermediate Target Variable for Monetary Policy When the Goal is Price Stability. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.1992.008.
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Goncharova, Oksana V. Methodological support of the educational process: digital control and evaluation tools for conducting current control and intermediate certification in the discipline "Tourism and sports orienteering" for students of the training direction 44.03.01 Pedagogical education, orientation (profile) Physical Culture. SIB-Expertise, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0724.05102023.
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Digital control and evaluation tools for conducting current control and intermediate certification in the discipline "Tourism and sports orienteering" are intended for students of the training direction 44.03.01 Pedagogical education, orientation (profile) Physical Culture. The goal is to control the generated systematized knowledge in the field of teaching methods for the basics of sports tourism and orienteering.
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Defining and Measuring Diplomatic Influence. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.032.
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This review found no sources of straightforward indicators for use in measuring diplomatic influence. The literature and evaluations found to recommend the use of tailor-made evaluations to account for “differences in diplomatic settings, diplomatic activities and policy fields”. They hinge on developing a theory of change alongside questions and evaluation criteria that are context-specific. They rely on assessing intermediate goals as a ‘proxy’ for the immeasurable long-term influence, and causal contributions (contributed to a result) rather than causal attributions (caused a result). It was also frequently mentioned that programme designers tend to design programmes to support diplomatic influence without specific and measurable objectives because influencing processes are by nature non-linear. In these cases, evaluations will be correspondingly unable to provide specific and measurable indicators of achievement.
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Bejar, Ezra. Adulteration of English Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil. ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program, 2020. https://doi.org/10.59520/bapp.bapb/nqnh6768.
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The main goal of this bulletin is to provide timely information and/or updates on issues of adulteration and mislabeling of essential oil (EO) of English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill) in particular with lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel, syn. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. × Lavandula latifolia Medik.), spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia Medik.), linalool and linalyl acetate- rich EOs, terpenes, and synthetic chemicals. This bulletin may serve as a guide for quality control personnel, the international herbal products, cosmetic, and essential oil industries, and the extended natural products community in general. It is also intended to present a summary of the scientific data and methods on the occurrence of species substitution, adulteration, the market situation, and economic and safety consequences for the consumer and the industry.
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Glazer, Itamar, Alice Churchill, Galina Gindin, and Michael Samish. Genomic and Organismal Studies to Elucidate the Mechanisms of Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Fungi to Ticks. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593382.bard.
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The overall goal of this research was to elucidate the factors affecting early development of Metarhizium spp. (previously named M. anisopliae) on ticks or tick cuticle extracts and the molecular basis of these early infection processes. The original objectives were: 1. Characterize the pre-penetration events (adhesion, germination and appressorium formation) of spores of M. anisopliae strains with high or low virulence during tick infection. 2. Create GFP-expressing strains of M. anisopliae tick pathogens having high and low virulence to compare their progress of infection by microscopy. 3. Use microarray analyses, primarily with existing M. anisopliae EST sequences in GenBank, to identify and characterize fungal genes whose expression is regulated in response to host cuticle extracts. Objective 3 was later modified (as approved by BARD) to use RNAseq to characterize the early stages of fungal gene expression during infection of intact host cuticles. This new method provides a massively larger and more informative dataset and allows us to take advantage of a) recently published genomes of Metarhizium robertsii and M. acridum for RNAseq data analysis, and b) newly developed and highly efficient cDNA sequencing technologies that are relatively low cost and, therefore, allow deep sequencing of multiple transcriptome samples. We examined pre-penetration and penetration events that differentiate high and low virulence strains of Metarhizium spp., focusing on spore adhesion, germination, appressorium formation, and penetration of tick integuments. Initiation of fungal infection was compared on susceptible and resistant tick species at different tick developmental stages. In vitro studies comparing the effects of protein and fatty acid profiles from tick cuticle extracts demonstrated that resistant tick cuticles contain higher concentrations of specific lipids that inhibit fungal development than do susceptible tick cuticles, suggesting one mechanism of Ixodidae resistance to fungal entomopathogens (Objective 1). We used molecular markers to determine that the three M. anisopliae strains from Israel that we studied actually were three distinct species. M. brunneum is highly virulent against the tick Rhipicephalus annulatus, M. pingshaense and M. robertsii are intermediate in virulence, and M. majus is of low virulence. We transformed all four Metarhizium species to express GFP and used them in pathogenicity assays against diverse tick species. Key findings were that a) resistant ticks inhibit Metarhizium infection prior to hemocoel invasion by reducing fungal viability on the cuticle surface (Objective 2), as was supported by the in vitro studies of Objective 1, and b) Metarhizium kills susceptible ticks after cuticle penetration but prior to hemocoel colonization. Transcriptome studies of the most virulent species, M. brunneum, are in progress and include analyses of ungerminated conidia and conidia germination and development on a low nutrient medium or on susceptible R. annulatus exoskeleton (Objective 3). We anticipate these studies will contribute to identifying fungal genetic factors that increase virulence and speed of kill and may help reveal tick chemistries that could be included in biocontrol formulations to increase efficacy. Methodologies developed to screen tick cuticle extracts for ability to support conidia germination and development may help in the selection of wild fungi with increased virulence against resistant ticks. The overall knowledge gained should contribute not only to the improvement of tick control but also to the control of other blood-sucking arthropods and related plant pests. Use of bio-based agents for controlling arthropods will contribute to a healthier, more sustainable environment and serve a growing number of organic food farmers.
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Elbaum, Michael, and Peter J. Christie. Type IV Secretion System of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Components and Structures. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699848.bard.
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Objectives: The overall goal of the project was to build an ultrastructural model of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens type IV secretion system (T4SS) based on electron microscopy, genetics, and immunolocalization of its components. There were four original aims: Aim 1: Define the contributions of contact-dependent and -independent plant signals to formation of novel morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 2: Genetic basis for morphological changes at the A. tumefaciens polar membrane. Aim 3: Immuno-localization of VirB proteins Aim 4: Structural definition of the substrate translocation route. There were no major revisions to the aims, and the work focused on the above questions. Background: Agrobacterium presents a unique example of inter-kingdom gene transfer. The process involves cell to cell transfer of both protein and DNA substrates via a contact-dependent mechanism akin to bacterial conjugation. Transfer is mediated by a T4SS. Intensive study of the Agrobacterium T4SS has made it an archetypal model for the genetics and biochemistry. The channel is assembled from eleven protein components encoded on the B operon in the virulence region of the tumor-inducing plasmid, plus an additional coupling protein, VirD4. During the course of our project two structural studies were published presenting X-ray crystallography and three-dimensional reconstruction from electron microscopy of a core complex of the channel assembled in vitro from homologous proteins of E. coli, representing VirB7, VirB9, and VirB10. Another study was published claiming that the secretion channels in Agrobacterium appear on helical arrays around the membrane perimeter and along the entire length of the bacterium. Helical arrangements in bacterial membranes have since fallen from favor however, and that finding was partially retracted in a second publication. Overall, the localization of the T4SS within the bacterial membranes remains enigmatic in the literature, and we believe that our results from this project make a significant advance. Summary of achievements : We found that polar inflations and other membrane disturbances relate to the activation conditions rather than to virulence protein expression. Activation requires low pH and nutrient-poor medium. These stress conditions are also reflected in DNA condensation to varying degrees. Nonetheless, they must be considered in modeling the T4SS as they represent the relevant conditions for its expression and activity. We identified the T4SS core component VirB7 at native expression levels using state of the art super-resolution light microscopy. This marker of the secretion system was found almost exclusively at the cell poles, and typically one pole. Immuno-electron microscopy identified the protein at the inner membrane, rather than at bridges across the inner and outer membranes. This suggests a rare or transient assembly of the secretion-competent channel, or alternatively a two-step secretion involving an intermediate step in the periplasmic space. We followed the expression of the major secreted effector, VirE2. This is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that forms a capsid around the transferred oligonucleotide, adapting the bacterial conjugation to the eukaryotic host. We found that over-expressed VirE2 forms filamentous complexes in the bacterial cytoplasm that could be observed both by conventional fluorescence microscopy and by correlative electron cryo-tomography. Using a non-retentive mutant we observed secretion of VirE2 from bacterial poles. We labeled the secreted substrates in vivo in order detect their secretion and appearance in the plant cells. However the low transfer efficiency and significant background signal have so far hampered this approach.
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Withers, Clare, Diana Dill, Jeanann Haas, Kathy Haines, and Berenika Webster. Library Impact Research Report: A Toolkit for Demonstrating and Measuring Impact of Primary Sources in Teaching and Learning. Association of Research Libraries, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.pitt2022b.
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As part of ARL’s Research Library Impact Framework initiative, a team from the University of Pittsburgh Library System addressed how special collections support teaching, learning, and research. This project developed a toolkit that allows measurement of impact of engagement with primary sources. The University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) initially worked with University of California, Irvine (UCI) to develop student learning outcomes based on the ACRL/RBMS–SAA Guidelines for Primary Source Literacy and used a logic model framework to identify three types of outcomes: initial (attainment of new skills and knowledge), intermediate (behavioral change), and long-term (change in status). Pitt studied two successive cohorts of their Archival Scholars Research Awards (ASRA), a semester-long undergraduate scholarship program that matches each student with a University of Pittsburgh Library System (ULS) librarian/archivist and a Pitt faculty mentor to engage in an in-depth research project. Next, Pitt refined, expanded, and tested the toolkit for use in class visits to assess student learning and archivist/librarian performance in supporting instructor learning goals. The mapping and assessment toolkit Pitt developed may be applied to teaching with primary sources across different disciplines and institutional settings.
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Stidwell, Samuel, Brent Panozzo, Annette Stumpf, et al. Identifying sustainability and resilience investments to implement the 2022 US Army Climate Strategy : fiscal year 2023 sustainable design and development update. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/49433.
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This report offers a detailed assessment of the US Army’s adherence to sustainable design and development (SDD) policies, encompassing the US Army Sustainable Design and Development (SDD) Policy memorandum; Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 1-200-02, High Performance and Sustainable Building Requirements; Executive Orders 14,008 and 14,057; the Army Climate Strategy; and required LEED v4 certifications. The evaluation comprises five primary tasks, including quarterly reports on US Army military construction (MILCON) project LEED v4 certifications, analysis of US Army LEED v4 certifications and trends, research and implementation of the intermediate objectives in the 2022 US Army Climate Strategy focusing on strategies to achieve climate goals, an analysis explaining the advantages of Performance Excellence in Electricity Renewal (PEER) certification for Army microgrids, and industry knowledge gained from participation in the Greenbuild 2022 conference. Key recommendations developed in this assessment include enhancing transparency in LEED reporting, considering PEER certification, expediting climate strategy implementation, and active participation in industry gatherings. This report serves as a comprehensive resource for informed decision-making, aiding the US Army in advancing its sustainable design and development initiatives to meet future environmental and sustainability objectives.
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Bercovier, Herve, Raul Barletta, and Shlomo Sela. Characterization and Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Secreted and Cellular Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573078.bard.
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Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular vaccine against paratuberculosis based on protein antigen(s). A prerequisite to achieve this goal is to analyze and characterize Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Mpt) secreted and cellular proteins eliciting a protective immune response. In the context of this general objective, we proposed to identify, clone, produce, and characterize: the Mpt 85B antigen and other Mpt immunoreactive secreted proteins, the Mpt L7/L12 ribosomal protein and other immunoreactive cellular proteins, Mpt protein determinants involved in invasion of epithelial cells, and Mpt protein antigens specifically expressed in macrophages. Paratuberculosis is still a very serious problem in Israel and in the USA. In the USA, a recent survey evaluated that 21.6% of the dairy herd were infected with Mpt resulting in 200-250 million dollars in annual losses. Very little is known on the virulence factors and on protective antigens of Mpt. At present, the only means of controlling this disease are culling or vaccination. The current vaccines do not allow a clear differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular paratuberculosis vaccine based on Mpt protein antigen(s) compatible with diagnostic tests. To achieve this goal it is necessary to analyze and characterize secreted and cellular proteins candidate for such a vaccine. Representative Mpt libraries (shuttle plasmid and phage) were constructed and used to study Mpt genes and gene products described below and will be made available to other research groups. In addition, two approaches were performed which did not yield the expected results. Mav or Mpt DNA genes that confer upon Msg or E. coli the ability to invade and/or survive within HEp-2 cells were not identified. Likewise, we were unable to characterize the 34-39 kDa induced secreted proteins induced by stress factors due to technical difficulties inherent to the complexity of the media needed to support substantial M. pt growth. We identified, isolated, sequenced five Mpt proteins and expressed four of them as recombinant proteins that allowed the study of their immunological properties in sensitized mice. The AphC protein, found to be up regulated by low iron environment, and the SOD protein are both involved in protecting mycobacteria against damage and killing by reactive oxygen (Sod) and nitrogen (AhpC) intermediates, the main bactericidal mechanisms of phagocytic cells. SOD and L7/L12 ribosomal proteins are structural proteins constitutively expressed. 85B and CFP20 are both secreted proteins. SOD, L7/L12, 85B and CFP20 were shown to induce a Th1 response in immunized mice whereas AphC was shown by others to have a similar activity. These proteins did not interfere with the DTH reaction of naturally infected cows. Cellular immunity provides protection in mycobacterial infections, therefore molecules inducing cellular immunity and preferentially a Th1 pathway will be the best candidate for the development of an acellular vaccine. The proteins characterized in this grant that induce a cell-mediated immunity and seem compatible with diagnostic tests, are good candidates for the construction of a future acellular vaccine.
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Lytvynova, Svitlana H. Хмаро орієнтоване навчальне середовище загальноосвітнього навчального закладу. [б. в.], 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/2451.
Full textAbstract:
Research goals: to outline the state of secondary education to implement a cloud-oriented learning environment (COLE), establishing research objectives: to determine the readiness of students to the introduction of COLE, to develop a conceptual framework of cooperation in COLE at the level of the institution, identify the actors interact COLE. The object of research supports the learning environment secondary schools; subject – a cloud-oriented learning environment of secondary schools. Research methods used: analysis of statistics and publications. Experimental research and conducted in secondary schools Obolon district of Kyiv. Intermediate results: the architecture of COLE 44 secondary schools of the district, introduced more than 10 thousand accounts established electronic interaction between teachers and students by e-mail Outlook. Currently under development cloud storage (SkyDrive) training materials teachers practiced the skills of teamwork and planning tools calendars. The main conclusions and recommendations. Implementation of COLE at secondary schools provides endless opportunities both teacher and student, in fact created conditions for innovation and learning. Without a doubt we can say that for the future of Honshu, for full use must have a quality Internet, motivated teachers. For subjects of the educational process, the conditions of access to learning materials anywhere, anytime, and it activates the cognitive and creative activity of students that will improve key indicators of learning.