Academic literature on the topic 'Intermediate state – Biblical teaching'
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Journal articles on the topic "Intermediate state – Biblical teaching"
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Edgar, Brian. "Biblical Anthropology and the Intermediate State: Part I." Evangelical Quarterly 74, no. 1 (April 16, 2002): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-07401002.
Full textAbstract:
While there has always been a tradition of theoanthropological dualism involving a disembodied, intermediate state, this tradition is neither as widespread nor as theologically central as it is often claimed. In the first part of the article it is argued that the biblical evidence for a dualist anthropology is not convincing as the various conceptual distinctions (including body, soul, spirit, and inner and outer self) do not require ontological separability. Moreover, the alleged evidence for an eschatological intermediate state is better interpreted in terms of immediate resurrection. While there is clearly evidence for the intermediate state throughout the history of the church its significance has been over-stated and it has continued as a possibility primarily because it has appeared to be a philosophically logical necessity. This process of deduction is illustrated with examples from early, proponents of the intermediate state. Later proponents will be discussed in the second part of the article.
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Edgar, Brian. "Biblical Anthropology and the Intermediate State: Part II." Evangelical Quarterly 74, no. 2 (April 16, 2002): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-07402002.
Full textAbstract:
While there has always been a tradition of theoanthropological dualism involving a disembodied, intermediate state, this tradition is neither as widespread nor as theologically central as it is often claimed. While there is clearly evidence for the intermediate state throughout the history of the church its significance has been over-stated and it has continued as a possibility primarily because it has appeared to be a philosophically logical necessity. In Part II of this article this process of deduction is illustrated with examples from medieval and modern proponents of the intermediate state. In the modern era dualism has been challenged by monistic theoanthropologies. The contrast of monist and dualist anthropologies has been accentuated because the modern paradigm, under the influence of Cartesianism, has exaggerated the dualism which has existed and produced an even more radical dichotomy of body and soul. An examination of Cooper’s recent double defence of the intermediate state and anthropological dualism shows that his concepts are firmly bound to Newtonian notions of time and eternity. Finally, it is argued that any dualist eschatological anthropology and the intermediate state also has difficulties establishing satisfactory concepts of the nature of the radical nature of death, the totality of the resurrection and the value and place of the body in human life. It is argued that it is preferable to view post-mortem life from a non-temporal perspective with the person understood as entering ‘immediately’ into eternal life, complete and whole, with every dimension of their being resurrected and transformed. As such, the believer never exists as a divided entity or a bodiless soul.
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Osei-Bonsu, J. "The Intermediate State in the New Testament." Scottish Journal of Theology 44, no. 2 (May 1991): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600039107.
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The notion of a post-mortem disembodied existence of the soul followed by resurrection on the last day has been part of traditional Christian theology for centuries. Though some modern theologians are unhappy with this doctrine and have tried to re-interpret it or reject it altogether, it cannot be denied that traditional Christian theology has always taught this. This view was held by many of the Church Fathers and by the Reformers. Today it is still the official teaching of the Roman Catholic Church and some Protestant Churches.
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Cunnington, Ralph. "A re-examination of the intermediate state of unbelievers." Evangelical Quarterly 82, no. 3 (April 30, 2010): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-08203003.
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This article seeks to provide a re-examination of the intermediate state of unbelievers against the backdrop of the response of individuals at the final judgment. The first part examines Scripture’s teaching concerning the expectation of believers and unbelievers at the final judgment. It is shown that Scripture consistently teaches that some unbelievers, including those who have died prior to the parousia, will be surprised by the outcome of the final judgment. This is incompatible with the Reformed understanding of the intermediate state because, if unbelievers have already experienced conscious punishment following death, there is no reason why the outcome of the final judgment would be unexpected. In the second part, the Scriptural basis for the Reformed understanding of the intermediate state of unbelievers is critically examined and found to be lacking. In conclusion, it is argued that unbelievers exist in a somnolent coma-like existence as they await the final judgment.
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Oliveira, Renato Alves de. "RESSURREIÇÃO NA MORTE OU NO “ÚLTIMO DIA”?: O ESTADO INTERMEDIÁRIO NO DEBATE ESCATOLÓGICO DO SÉCULO XX." Perspectiva Teológica 49, no. 3 (December 29, 2017): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21768757v49n3p653/2017.
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RESUMO: Este artigo trata do tema que movimentou o debate escatológico cristão no século XX: o estado intermediário. A crença na existência do estado intermediário, enquanto situação pós-mortal que subsiste entre a morte e a ressurreição, faz parte do patrimônio teológico católico, luterano e oriental. No entanto, alguns teólogos protestantes e católicos do século XX criticaram a escatologia intermediária (estado intermediário, purgatório, existência de uma alma separada do corpo etc.) porque compreendiam-na como fruto de uma helenização da fé cristã. Desta forma, com o escopo de deshelenizar a fé cristã e restituir-lhe a fontalidade bíblica terminaram por defender a redução dos eventos escatológicos ao momento da morte (ressurreição, parusia, juízo etc.). Esta tese suscitou, por falta de fundamentação bíblica e na tradição teológica, a reação crítica de alguns teólogos e de documentos da Igreja Católica. No subsolo deste debate escatológico está um elemento irrenunciável para a teologia: a existência de um princípio espiritual, que garante a continuidade e a identidade entre o sujeito da existência histórica e da definitiva, que subsiste entre a morte e a ressurreição.ABSTRACT: This article deals with the issue which handled the Christian eschatological debate in the twentieth century: the intermediate state. Belief in the existence of the intermediate state, while postmortal situation which exists between death and resurrection, is part of the Catholic theological heritage, Lutheran and Eastern churches. However, some protestant theologians and Catholics of the twentieth century criticized the intermediate eschatology (intermediate state, purgatory, the existence of a separate soul from the body etc.) because understood it as the result of a hellenization of the christian faith. Thus, with the aim of purifying the Christian faith hellenization and restore its biblical roots ended up defending the reduction of eschatological events at the time of death (resurrection, parousia, judgment, etc.). This thesis raised for lack of biblical foundation and the theological tradition, the critical reaction of some theologians and documents of the Catholic Church. In the basement of this eschatological debate is an indispensable element for theology: the existence of a spiritual principle, which ensures continuity and identity between the subject of historical existence and the final, which subsists between death and resurrection.
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Boyd, Jeffrey H. "A History of the Concept of the Soul during the 20TH Century." Journal of Psychology and Theology 26, no. 1 (March 1998): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164719802600106.
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The word soul can have many meanings. In this article it is taken to mean the inner or subjective person. When the body dies and disintegrates, the inner person survives and provides continuity of personal identity between this life and the resurrection life. Sigmund Freud and the mental health movement have been involved in treating the soul, and I argue that the soul is the central focus of all psychotherapy. During the 20th century the Biblical Theology Movement sought to discredit soul-body dualism as an allegedly Greek philosophical idea that contradicted the whole-person view of human nature that was found throughout the Bible. They restricted their use of the word dualism to refer only to Platonic dualism, in which the body was despised or inferior. There are other forms of dualism which say that the human is made of two parts, only one of which is the corpse. The Biblical Theology Movement emphasized this life and the resurrection life, but paid little attention to the intermediate state. The word soul was, to some extent, dropped from contemporary Bible translations. But that anti-soul position is not tenable when one considers the intermediate state (between death and resurrection) when there is a clear dichotomy: the soul (or spirit) is with Christ while the body lies in the grave. I propose that it would be theologically acceptable to bring the soul back from Siberia, so as to make it again a part of theology and the theological object of care and healing.
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Rich, Anne J., and Mary I. Dereshiwsky. "Assessing The Comparative Effectiveness Of Teaching Undergraduate Intermediate Accounting In The Online Classroom Format." Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC) 8, no. 9 (August 22, 2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v8i9.5641.
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This paper presents the results of a study assessing the comparative effectiveness of teaching an undergraduate intermediate accounting course in the online classroom format. Students in a large state university were offered an opportunity to complete the first course in intermediate accounting either online or on-campus. Students were required to complete several objective homework assignments and write an essay on what is means to be a professional. In addition, students were asked to report their progress in achieving seven stated objectives of the course. Students in the online course performed as well as students in the on-campus course.
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Mack, Richard W. "Mathletics: Adding Activity to Arithmetic." Arithmetic Teacher 33, no. 8 (April 1986): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.33.8.0039.
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Teachers are motivated to teach arithmetic. Students are motivated to participate in athletics. Why not teach arithmetic through athletics? With that premise in mind, the intermediate teaching team at the Ackerman Laboratory School on the campus of Eastern Oregon State College et about devising a method of using athletics as a springboard to teaching basic arithmetic skills.
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Iita, Ananias, and Sakaria M. Iipinge. "The Implementation of New Religious and Moral Education Curriculum in Post-Independent Namibia." Msingi Journal 1, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 58–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33886/mj.v1i2.77.
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This paper investigated the perceptions of Religious and Moral Education (RME) teachers with regard to the implementation of RME syllabus in Namibia. The paper engages a crucial global debate on paradigms for teaching religion and moral values while contributing to the literature through research in the Ompundja Circuit of Oshana Region, Namibia. Contrary to the previous colonial era when Christianity was the only recognized religion, the Republic of Namibia adopted a new constitution making it a secular state upon independence in 1990. This new constitution, however, brought new challenges to teachers who were previously trained only to teach Biblical Studies as a school subject. With this new constitution, Namibia adopted a policy of teaching a multi-cultural religious and moral education curriculum. The teaching of RME replaced Biblical Studies in the Namibian curriculum. Teachers are now required to make their learners aware of the different religious and moral values of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, African traditional religions, Bahai and others inextricably. This, paper, therefore, presents findings from a case study research conducted at Ompundja Circuit of Oshana Region in Namibia that examined the perceptions of Religious and Moral Education (RME) teachers with regard to the implementation of RME syllabus. Fourteen teachers from selected schools participated in this study. Teachers were interviewed, observed and later completed a set of questionnaire. Findings indicated that teachers’individual religious and moral values shaped the teaching and learning process; teachers’ individual religious and moral values played a major role regarding conflicting concerns over RME; and as most RME teachers were Christian, they felt a commitment to share their personal Christian religious beliefs and moral values. The paper recommends that teachers be provided with the necessary teaching resources and be trained to develop more confidence and broad understanding of RME as a subject.
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Rao, Parupalli Srinivas. "Teaching english grammar through writing skills at intermediate level in the state of Andhra Pradesh: A communicative approach." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 10, no. 4 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2020.00094.4.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Intermediate state – Biblical teaching"
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Harp, Barbara Tychsen. "The intermediate state in Pauline eschatology : an exegesis of 2 Corinthians 5, 1-10." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23216.
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This thesis will examine closely two aspects of Pauline theology, namely, the timing of the resurrection and the state of the believer who dies before the parousia. Through exegesis of 2 Cor 5:1-10, the basic consistency in Paul's thinking and the arguments for and against the intermediate state will be examined. Chapter 1 analyzes what 1 Thess. 4, 1 Cor. 15, and 2 Cor. 5 have to say on the issue, comparing the passages as to content and compatibility. Chapters 2 and 3 pursue more fully questions related to the issue of postmortem existence. Chapter Two deals with Paul's use of verb $ underline{ eta o iota mu alpha sigma beta alpha iota}$ as a metaphor for death and the idea of the intermediate state as soul-sleep (psychopannychism). Chapter 3 explores the matter of Paul's concept of the "I" or "self" (or "naked" self), raised by Paul in 2 Cor. 5:3. The Pauline anthropology is compared with Hellenistic anthropological dualism in order to show the similarities and differences.
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Ferguson, Steven. "A State Level Analysis of Teach For America's Impact on Student Achievement." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/35.
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Teach For America (TFA) has seen its profile and list of donors expand tremendously in recent years. Despite its success in attracting support, research on the effectiveness of the program has been inconclusive. This study investigates the impact of TFA on student achievement measured at the state level. Panel data from grades 4 and 8 are analyzed to examine how the presence of TFA corps members in a state impacts student test scores compared to states which have no TFA corps members.
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Alwattar, Noori Yousef. "The use of the microcomputer in teaching Arabic grammar (verbal sentences) in the intermediate schools of the State of Kuwait." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1988. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6353/.
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This study is concerned with the issue of using the microcomputer in teaching Arabic Grammar (verbal sentences) in the intermediate schools of the State of Kuwait. It lays down some of the essential foundation work necessary for bringing about systematic and constructive improvements in the teaching of Arabic Grammar by computers. However, our main concern in this study is, as we have said, with the teaching of one of the aspects of Arabic Grammar, in the above situation. Although the use of computers for this purpose has only just begun, the perspective of our approach will hopefully to some extent, encourage their wider use. The present study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one offers a general introduction to the main subject. The hypotheses made in this chapter constitute the general framework for the following chapters. The teaching of Western languages by computer as opposed to the non-availability of such methods in the Arab world, is discussed in chapter two. Chapter three provides a background on which the practical side of our study is based. The sources and methodology of our experimental work in this thesis are also treated in this chapter. vii Chapter four is concerned with the results of this experiment and the measurement of pupils' achievements in Arabic Grammar during the experiment. A comparison between the traditional method and that of the computer is established by means of analysing the data concerned. The last chapter concludes with suggestions for further specific research needed in this field.
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Adams, Taiesha Marie. "Evaluation of the State of Georgia's School Instructional Extension Program (SIEP) at One Middle School." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/99.
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This study examined the implementation of the State of Georgia's School Instructional Extension Program (SIEP) at one middle school in a rural school district. SIEP was adopted in this district in an effort to improve outcomes for students who demonstrate deficiencies in core-academic subjects. For the past 2 years, SIEP has been used at this study site to address low academic performance in the area of mathematics. However, to date, school leaders have not developed a system to evaluate the efficacy of the program. The purpose of this project study was to conduct a comprehensive program evaluation that addressed the program's strengths and weaknesses in terms of student achievement. Bandura's self-efficacy theory was used as a theoretical framework. The formative component of the evaluation used a concurrent, mixed-methods design to analyze data from program stakeholders through student surveys (n = 36), teacher surveys (n = 8), and a teacher focus group (n = 5). The summative component used 2 years' scores for the mathematics Georgia Criterion-Referenced Competency Test (GCRCT) to conduct 2-way ANOVAs that compared the SIEP students' mean gains scores to the mean gains score of low-performing students who qualified for SIEP but did not participate in the program. Summative findings indicated that the program did not significantly impact students' mathematics GCRCT gains scores. Moreover, formative data revealed suggestions for the program's insignificant impact including lack of teacher preparation time and program schedule time. Implications for positive social change that should follow program reform include: (a) improving student achievement in mathematics, (b) making evidence-based decisions regarding best practices for teachers, and (c) using data to implement effective academic programs.
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O'Brien, Jerome. "Purgatory: a burning issue?" Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2080.
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The thesis explores the subject of purgatory and its relative value for modern people. It summarises:
1. The manner in which biblical texts used to underpin the doctrine;
2. The history of the doctrine within the Roman Catholic Church and the reaction to it during the Reformation and beyond; and
3. Contemporary formulations of purgatory and purgatory-like ideas.
The thesis argues, from several perspectives, that a modern formulation of the doctrine is:
1. Reasonable;
2. Biblically consistent;
3. Meets the criteria of an established Tradition at practice within the Church; and
4. Is capable of assisting people in understanding and appreciating the existential questions of death and the after life.
The thesis is approached from the angle of a Legal Counsel presenting an argument for acceptance of the thesis.SYS THEOLOGY & THEOL ETHICS
MTH (SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY)
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Parler, Branson L. "The Politics of Jesus and the Power of Creation." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/290728.
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This study examines the theology and social ethics of John Howard Yoder with a view toward how creation and redemption are related in his theology. The first chapter examines Yoder's aversion to certain construals of creation and argues that he is not inherently hostile to creation as such, but is cautious with respect to the possible abuse of creation as a theological and ethical category. The second chapter evaluates the nature of the state in Yoder's theology, examines his view of the Powers in this context, and argues that his view of redemption can be seen as a restoration of an eschatologically open creation. The third chapter compares Yoder's theology and social ethics with those of J. Richard Middleton, arguing that there may be a potential for interconnection between Yoder's Anabaptistic focus on the politics of Jesus and Middleton's Reformational emphasis upon the goodness of the power of creation seen in the imago Dei of Genesis I.
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Katho, Bungishabaku. "To know and not to know YHWH : Jeremiah's understanding and its relevance for the church in DR Congo." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3959.
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This thesis consists of a detailed exegetical and contextual study of passages that contain the term "to know YHWH" in the book of Jeremiah. The goal of the thesis was to define the meaning of the term "to know YHWH" as Jeremiah understood it and to find out its relevance for the Church in DR Congo. The study demonstrates that the life of Judah as a nation was conditioned by the knowledge of YHWH. According to Jeremiah, to know YHWH is to recognize covenantal traditions as normative and to accept to follow them for a harmonious relationship with YHWH and with one another in the society. These covenantal traditions were rooted in YHWH's mighty acts of liberation of Israel in history, in YHWH's prerogative as the sole God of Israel, and in the necessity for Israel to establish a just society as witness of YHWH's justice, righteousness and steadfast love. Jeremiah demonstrates that it is the abandonment of this knowledge that caused the disintegration of Judah as a nation. This abandonment of the knowledge of YHWH is manifested in two areas. The first is the area of social justice (4:19-22; 5:1-6; 9:1-8; 9:22-23; 22:13-19). Several passages in Jeremiah link the lack of the knowledge of YHWH with the perversion of justice in terms of not encouraging the oppressed, not defending the cause of the fatherless, not pleading the cause of the widow, and not maintaining justice in the court. This lack of social justice is also manifested in terms of falsehood, adultery, abuse of human speech and the abuse of power by those who possess it. The second is the area of idolatry (2:4-13). The prophet Jeremiah accuses the people of Judah (Israel) of not having called upon YHWH during their time of need. Instead, they chose to go after foreign nations and their idols. In this way, they broke the covenant with YHWH and brought judgment upon the nation. For Jeremiah, the blame of the failure to know YHWH is to be placed upon the entire nation, but particularly upon two groups of people: religious and political leaders. These two groups worked for their own interest and failed to maintain a society according to the requirements set in the covenant. YHWH responded to this failure in two different ways (24:4-7; 31:31-34): he punished his people by sending them into exile, and promised to restore them. This restoration will consist of bringing Israelites back to their land, of making a new covenant with them, and of giving them a new heart that will enable them to fully know him. I used my Congolese context to understand the meaning of some passages in Jeremiah where I could not agree (or where I was not sure) with other scholars' interpretation. At the same time, the book of Jeremiah helped me to realize that it is because our Congolese Christianity (or our knowledge of YHWH) is still superficial that it has not yet been able to help us build a coherent and unified nation. This is why the DR Congo has collapsed in spite of its claim to have the largest Roman Catholic community in the continent, the world's most influential francophone Protestant movement and the continent's biggest independent Churches. This researcher argues that the crisis in DR Congo may find a solution if the Church reorganizes her ministries and views her mission as the implementation of Jesus' mission for the world: the announcement 1f the coming of the Kingdom of God with its vision of the new heaven and new earth. This vision of new earth and new heaven would lead the Church to a new understanding of our salvation in Christ as a constant restoration of our relationship with God, with one another and 'a new understandiJOl9 of our life and ministry as responsible citizens, striving to reconcile every aspect of our life as individuals and community with Christ. In this way, the work of the Holy Spirit in the life of each Christian would not be understood only in terms of leading us to heaven but also as the power that enables us to transform our society now and here.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.
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Johnston, Mark Raeburn. "An examination of theological and ethical-issues relating to 'sacred curses' with reference to church discipline and social challenges." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5478.
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This thesis examines the role of praying sacred curses as a means of exercising ecclesiastical discipline within the Christian church. Through a brief analysis of selected social issues challenging the church in the United States, Chapter One addresses the question concerning the appropriateness of punitive praying as a means of furthering the Gospel of Christ. The question, “Is it ever right to pray for the failure, destruction or harm of another person, especially when such prayer is made by Christians in the name of God?” guides the subject of this thesis from both theological and ethical perspectives.
A word study on seven key Hebrew words used to designate a “curse” in the Old Testament is made in Chapter Two in an effort to provide the necessary background for the New Testament’s concepts and practices undergirding early Church discipline. The utilization of punitive prayers and the utterances of anathemas throughout the New Testament comprise Chapter Three and points to a significant dimension for church theology inside the community of faith. There is also evidence that such ‘killing prayers’ were used to check secular authorities hostile to the witness of the church.
Perhaps the most interesting use of the sacred curse comes from the record of Jesus “cursing” a fig tree, which dies as a result. This tree seems to represent both the religious dimension of Israel and the authoritative rule of the state, each characterized by unbelief and a rejection of the message of Jesus.
Chapter Four furthers the discussion concerning the ethical basis for a sacred curse, especially as reflected by the Ten Commandments, and more specifically, in the keeping of the Fourth Commandment, the Sabbath. In conjunction with this sense of discipline, the argument is made that the love of God is often exemplified through the exercise of the curse because persons so affected may be drawn to repentance and seek after God as a result.
Chapter Five concludes this study with an indictment on modern theology’s seeming failure to address matters of truth in social issues presently impacting both
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church and state in the USA. This chapter calls for the use of the sacred curse on the basis of local church unity and cohesiveness, while recognizing that such unity may be impossible to achieve. Because there may be no consensus inside the church regarding the exercise of a sacred curse, there is most probably no possibility of realizing the power of such prayers as a means of correcting social issues at odds with perceived truths.Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics
D.Th. (Theological Ethics)
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Bron, Woutje Anneke. "Rol van die onderwyser in die intermediere fase as assesseerder in 'n veranderende onderrig-leer omgewing." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2609.
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Text in AfrikaansThis qualitative study is aimed at analyzing teachers’ experiences of their role as assessors according to the assessment framework stated in the National Curriculum Statement 2002. A literature study was done. Subsequently, data was collected from interviews with eleven teachers from nine schools. All the respondents teach in the intermediate phase. The schools concerned are situated in the Tshwane Metropolitan area. Interviews were semi-structured. A holistic picture was focused on during the analyses of the interview texts. Data was organized according to four themes. The results of the analyses show that the teachers involved are dedicated to teaching. However, uncertainty as to the exact requirements of policy documents is prevalent. Help, support and training is asked for.
Teacher Education
M.Ed. (Spesialisering in Kurrikulumstudies)
Books on the topic "Intermediate state – Biblical teaching"
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Bullinger, E. W. The rich man and Lazarus: The intermediate state. New Berlin, WI, USA: Grace Publications, 1992.
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Bullinger, E. W. The rich man and Lazarus: The intermediate state. New Berlin, WI, USA: Grace Publications, 1992.
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It's still Greek to me: An easy-to-understand guide to intermediate Greek. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1998.
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Finney, Jerald. Separation of church and state: God's churches : spiritual or legal entities? Austin, Tex: Kerygma Pub. Co., 2009.
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Finney, Jerald. Separation of church and state: God's churches : spiritual or legal entities? Austin, Tex: Kerygma Pub. Co., 2009.
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Soards, Marion L. New Testament perspectives on the church: Spiritual haven or agent for political change. Nashville, TN: Board of Higher Education and Ministry, the United Methodist Church, 1986.
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Yandian, Bob. One nation under God: The rise or fall of a nation. Tulsa, Okla: Harrison House, 1988.
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Dossou, Simon K. Église et pouvoir politique en Afrique: Perspectives théologiques et historiques. Nairobi: CETA, 2013.
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Schinkel, Dirk. Die himmlische Bürgerschaft: Untersuchungen zu einem urchristlichen Sprachmotiv im Spannungsfeld von religiöser Integration und Abgrenzung im 1. und 2. Jahrhundert. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Intermediate state – Biblical teaching"
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Abraham, William J. "Eschatology." In Divine Agency and Divine Action, Volume III, 246–60. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786528.003.0018.
Full textAbstract:
Instances of near-death experiences both attract and puzzle us. Yet the canonical heritage of the church bids us find the network of concepts and images that can make sense of these experiences and the ultimate destiny of human beings in the language of eschatology. There are compelling arguments for an intermediate state in a comprehensive account of the future. There is also a network of attractive biblical images (paradise, wedding feast, a house with many mansions, and the like). We should expect comprehensive reconciliation in the life to come. We must also take seriously the prospects of judgment resulting in eternal separation from God. The warrants for our claims in this arena are essentially divine revelation and experience of God.
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Lundberg, Matthew D. "The Just War and the Horizon of Martyrdom." In Christian Martyrdom and Christian Violence, 46–67. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197566596.003.0004.
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This chapter charts the rise of the “magisterial” expression of Christianity, as symbolized by Constantine and displayed in Christian soldiers featuring in later patristic martyr literature. It follows the emergence of Christian just war thinking from its roots in the classical world to its expression in key thinkers such as Augustine and Aquinas, the Protestant confessions, and modern theorists. The chapter then explores this ethical tradition’s appeal to biblical and theological themes regarding the defense of the vulnerable, the responsibility of the state, and the nature of sin and love. The chapter concludes by examining criticisms of just war teaching, including the misgivings reflected in some of the “instincts” of Christian martyr theology.