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1
Spada, F., P. Demarque, Y. C. Kim, T. S. Boyajian, and J. M. Brewer. "YaPSI: a new database of evolutionary tracks and isochrones." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S334 (July 2017): 362–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317007347.
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AbstractThe Yale–Potsdam Stellar Isochrones (YaPSI) cover the low and intermediate stellar mass regime (0.15 to 5.0 M⊙) for a wide range of solar-scaled chemical compositions (metallicity from −0.5 to +0.3; helium mass fraction from 0.25 to 0.37, assigned independently of each other). The tracks are finely spaced in mass, to allow for accurate interpolation. The models feature state-of-the-art input physics relevant to low-mass stars modeling (surface boundary conditions, equation of state), thus updating the faint end of the Yonsei-Yale (YY) isochrones. Utility codes, such as an isochrone interpolator in age, metallicity and helium content, are also provided. The YaPSI isochrones are in good agreement with the empirical mass–luminosity and mass–radius relations available to date, and provide satisfactory fitting of the color-magnitude diagrams of well-studied open clusters.
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Singh, Abhay A., Leah Gerber, Stephen J. Freedland, William J. Aronson, Martha K. Terris, Joseph C. Presti, Christopher L. Amling, and Lionel Lloyds Banez. "Is clinical stage T2c prostate cancer intermediate- or high-risk disease? Results from the SEARCH database." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2012): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.5_suppl.123.
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123 Background: Clinical stage T2c is a nebulous factor in the algorithm for prostate cancer risk stratification. According to D’Amico risk stratification cT2c is high-risk category where NCCN guidelines place this stage in intermediate-risk. As diagnostic work up with the use of MRI continues to escalate clinical staging may become more important. As cT2c represents a possible decision fork in treatment decisions we sought to investigate which risk group the clinical behavior of cT2c tumors more closely resembles. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 1089 men who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) from 1988 to 2009 who did not have low-risk CaP from the SEARCH database. We compared time to BCR between men with cT2c disease, those with intermediate-risk (PSA 10-20 ng/ml or Gleason sum (GS) =7), and those with high-risk (PSA>20 ng/ml, GS 8-10, cT3) using Cox regression models adjusting for age, race, year of RP, center, and percent cores positive. We also compared predictive accuracy of two Cox models wherein cT2c was considered either intermediate- or high-risk by calculating concordance index c. Results: A total of 68 men (3.4%) had cT2c tumors. After a median follow-up of 47.5 months, there was no difference in BCR risk between men with intermediate-risk CaP and those with cT2c tumors (HR=0.90; p=0.60). In contrast, there was a trend for men with high-risk CaP to have nearly 50% increased BCR risk compared to men with cT2c tumors (HR=1.50; 95% CI=0.97-2.30; p=0.07) which did not reach statistical significance. Concordance index c was higher in the Cox model wherein cT2c tumors were considered intermediate-risk (c=0.6147) as opposed to high-risk (c=0.6106). Conclusions: BCR risk for patients with clinical stage T2c was more comparable to men who had intermediate-risk CaP than men with high-risk. In addition, a model which incorporates cT2c disease as intermediate-risk has better predictive accuracy. These findings suggest men with cT2c disease should be offered treatment options for men with intermediate-risk CaP. As clinical staging more routinely incorporates MRI there is the potential to better identify bilateral organ-confined CaP and further establish risk classification.
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Nazeeburrehman, Syed, and Mohameed Ali Hussain. "Image Resolution Enhancement Using Transform." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i2.pp354-356.
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In this project, interruption based image resolution enhancement technique using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with high-frequency sub bands obtained is proposed. Input images are decomposed by using DWT in this proposed enhancement technique. Inverse DWT is used to generate a new resolution enhanced image from the interpolation of high-frequency sub band images and the input low-resolution image. Intermediate stage has been proposed for estimating the high frequency sub bands to achieve a sharper image. It has been tested on benchmark images from public database. Peak Signal-To-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and visual results show the dominance of the proposed technique over the predictable and state-of-art image resolution enhancement techniques.
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Sacco, R., V. Mismas, A. Romano, M. Bertini, M. Bertoni, G. Federici, G. Parisi, S. Metrangolo, E. Tumino, and G. Bresci. "Efficacy of sorafenib in patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: results from the ITA.LI.CA. database." Digestive and Liver Disease 47 (February 2015): e66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2015.01.143.
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Olson, Scott M., and Benjamin B. Mattson. "Mode of shear effects on yield and liquefied strength ratios." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 4 (April 2008): 574–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t07-114.
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A database of 386 laboratory triaxial compression, direct simple shear, rotational shear, and triaxial extension test results was collected to examine yield and liquefied strength ratio concepts used in liquefaction analysis of sloping ground. These data envelope the yield and liquefied strength ratios obtained from back-analyses of liquefaction flow failure case histories. Generally, triaxial compression exhibits the highest yield and liquefied strength ratios, triaxial extension yields the lowest ratios, and direct simple shear – rotational shear shows intermediate responses. However, mode of shear appears to have a considerably smaller effect on laboratory-measured liquefied strength ratios for specimens with a positive state parameter (i.e., difference in consolidation void ratio and steady state void ratio at the same effective stress).
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Torres-Cruz, L. A., and J. C. Santamarina. "The critical state line of nonplastic tailings." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, no. 10 (October 2020): 1508–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2019-0019.
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The probability of failure of tailing dams and associated risks demand improvements in engineering practice. The critical state line provides a robust framework for the characterization of mine tailings. New experimental data for nonplastic platinum tailings and a large database for tailings and nonplastic soils (grain size between 2 and 500 μm) show that the critical state parameters for nonplastic tailings follow the same trends as nonplastic soils as a function of particle-scale characteristics and extreme void ratios. Critical state lines determined for extreme tailings gradations underestimate the range of critical state parameters that may be encountered in a tailings dam; in fact, mixtures with intermediate fines content exhibit the densest granular packing at critical state. The minimum void ratio emin captures the underlying role of particle shape and grain size distribution on granular packing and emerges as a valuable index property to inform sampling strategies for the assessment of spatial variability. Mineralogy does not significantly affect the intercept Γ100, but it does affect the slope λ. The friction coefficients M of tailings are similar to those of other nonplastic soils; while mineralogy does not have a significant effect on friction, more angular grains lead to higher friction coefficients.
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Svintsitskiy, V., N. Tsip, S. Nespryadko, O. Bubliieva, O. Movchan, and M. Polukhina. "RADIATION AND CHEMORADIATION THERAPY FOR I STAGE INTERMEDIATE AND HIGH/INTERMEDIATE ENDOMETRIAL CANCER – DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS." Проблеми радіаційної медицини та радіобіології = Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology 26 (2021): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33145/2304-8336-2021-26-554-561.
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Introduction. Endometrial cancer ranks the third place in prevalence among all cancers in Ukraine. The surgical treatment and subsequent adjuvant treatment is planned according to the patient's risk group. The choice of radiation therapy and the need to add chemotherapy determines the level of recurrence-free survival. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze the database of treated patients in National Cancer Institute, with I stage endometrial cancer intermediate and high-intermediate group; determination of the most frequent choice of radiation treatment in accordance with the risk group of patients with a hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy for further observation and evaluation of diseasefree survival. Materials and methods. Retrospective was analysed 245 patients with high and intermediate risk groups with stage I endometrial cancer. The exclusion criteria were: low-risk patients, stages II–IV and non-endometrioid histological variant. Results. According to the analysis, there were 122/245 (49.8 %) patients of high risk group, 123/245 (50.2 %) of intermediate risk group. High-risk patients underwent external beam therapy and brychytherapy, supplemented by chemotherapy in 5.8 % of cases (7 patients), brachytherapy with external beam therapy was performed in 58.2 % of cases (71 patients), brachytherapy – in 8.1 % of cases (10 patients), external beam therapy was performed in 27.9 % cases. Intermediate and high-intermediate risk patients were distributed as follows: brachytherapy was performed in 41.5 % of cases (51 patients), brachytherapy with external beam therapy – 54.5 % (67 patients), external beam therapy was performed in 5 patients. Conclusion. Brachytherapy is available for patients with intermediate risk endometrial cancer and external beam therapy with possible addition of brachytherapy is recommended for high-intermediate and high-risk groups, especially in patients with lymphatic vascular involvement. All patients are monitored for further assessment of recurrence-free survival. Key words: endometrial cancer, lymphadenectomy, external beam therapy, chemo- and radiotherapy.
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Juan, Gómez Rivas, Fernández Hernández Laura, Puente Vázquez Javier, Vidal Casinello Natalia, Galante Romo Mᵃ Isabel, Redondo González Enrique, Senovilla Pérez José Luis, et al. "Where Do We Stand in the Management of Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer? A Comprehensive Review." Cancers 14, no. 8 (April 16, 2022): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14082017.
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Oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) is an intermediate state between localised disease and widespread metastases that includes a spectrum of disease biology and clinical behaviours. This narrative review will cover the current OMPC scenario. We conducted comprehensive English language literature research for original and review articles using the Medline database and grey literature through December 2021. OMPC is a unique clinical state with inherently more indolent tumour biology susceptible to multidisciplinary treatment (MDT). With the development of new imaging techniques, patients with OMPC are likely to be identified at an earlier stage, and the paradigm for treatment is shifting towards a more aggressive approach to treating potentially curable patients. Multimodal management is necessary to improve patient outcomes due to the combination of available therapies, such as local therapy of primary tumour, metastasis directed therapy or systemic therapy, to reduce tumour load and prevent further disease progression. Additional prospective data are needed to select patients most likely to benefit from a given therapeutic approach.
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Kaur, Jagjit, T. W. Gorczyca, and N. R. Badnell. "Dielectronic recombination data for dynamic finite-density plasmas." Astronomy & Astrophysics 610 (February 2018): A41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731243.
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Context.We aim to present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of dielectronic recombination (DR) of the silicon-like isoelectronic sequence and provide DR and radiative recombination (RR) data that can be used within a generalized collisional-radiative modelling framework.Aims.Total and final-state level-resolved DR and RR rate coefficients for the ground and metastable initial levels of 16 ions between P+and Zn16+are determined.Methods.We carried out multi-configurational Breit-Pauli DR calculations for silicon-like ions in the independent processes, isolated resonance, distorted wave approximation. Both Δnc= 0 and Δnc= 1 core excitations are included usingLSand intermediate coupling schemes.Results.Results are presented for a selected number of ions and compared to all other existing theoretical and experimental data. The total dielectronic and radiative recombination rate coefficients for the ground state are presented in tabulated form for easy implementation into spectral modelling codes. These data can also be accessed from the Atomic Data and Analysis Structure (ADAS) OPEN-ADAS database. This work is a part of an assembly of a dielectronic recombination database for the modelling of dynamic finite-density plasmas.
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Quaranta, Luciana. "Program for Studying Intergenerational Transmissions in Infant Mortality Using the Intermediate Data Structure (IDS)." Historical Life Course Studies 7 (May 24, 2018): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9287.
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Studies conducted in historical populations and developing countries have evidenced the existence of clustering in infant deaths, which could be related to genetic inheritance and/or to social and cultural factors such as education, socioeconomic status or parental care. A transmission of death clustering has also been found across generations. One way of expanding the knowledge on intergenerational transfers in infant mortality is by conducting comparable studies across different populations. The Intermediate Data Structure (IDS) was developed as a strategy aimed at simplifying the collecting, storing and sharing of historical demographic data. The current work presents two programs that were developed in STATA to construct a dataset for analysis and run statistical models to study intergenerational transfers in infant mortality using databases that are stored in the IDS. The programs use information stored in the IDS tables and after elaborating such information produce Excel files with results. They can be used with any longitudinal database constructed from church books, civil registers, or population registers.
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Periyasamy, C. "Satellite Image Enhancement Using Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v6i4.861.
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Drawback of losing high frequency components suffers the resolution enhancement. In this project, wavelet domain based image resolution enhancement technique using Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) is proposed for resolution enhancement of the satellite images. Input images are decomposed by using DT-CWT in this proposed enhancement technique. Inverse DT-CWT is used to generate a new resolution enhanced image from the interpolation of high-frequency sub band images and the input low-resolution image. Intermediate stage has been proposed for estimating the high frequency sub bands to achieve a sharper image. It has been tested on benchmark images from public database. Peak Signal-To-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and visual results show the dominance of the proposed technique over the predictable and state-of-art image resolution enhancement techniques.
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Periyasamy, C. "Satellite Image Enhancement Using Dual Tree M-Band Wavelet Transform." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i3.pp737-739.
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<p>Drawback of losing high frequency components suffers the resolution enhancement. In this project, wavelet domain based image resolution enhancement technique using Dual Tree M-Band Wavelet Transform (DTMBWT) is proposed for resolution enhancement of the satellite images. Input images are decomposed by using DTMBWT in this proposed enhancement technique. Inverse DTMBWT is used to generate a new resolution enhanced image from the interpolation of high-frequency sub band images and the input low-resolution image. Intermediate stage has been proposed for estimating the high frequency sub bands to achieve a sharper image. It has been tested on benchmark images from public database. Peak Signal-To-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and visual results show the dominance of the proposed technique over the predictable and state-of-art image resolution enhancement techniques.</p>
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Bae, Seho, Nizam Ud Din, Hyunkyu Park, and Juneho Yi. "Exploiting an Intermediate Latent Space between Photo and Sketch for Face Photo-Sketch Recognition." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 26, 2022): 7299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197299.
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The photo-sketch matching problem is challenging because the modality gap between a photo and a sketch is very large. This work features a novel approach to the use of an intermediate latent space between the two modalities that circumvents the problem of modality gap for face photo-sketch recognition. To set up a stable homogenous latent space between a photo and a sketch that is effective for matching, we utilize a bidirectional (photo → sketch and sketch → photo) collaborative synthesis network and equip the latent space with rich representation power. To provide rich representation power, we employ StyleGAN architectures, such as StyleGAN and StyleGAN2. The proposed latent space equipped with rich representation power enables us to conduct accurate matching because we can effectively align the distributions of the two modalities in the latent space. In addition, to resolve the problem of insufficient paired photo/sketch samples for training, we introduce a three-step training scheme. Extensive evaluation on a public composite face sketch database confirms superior performance of the proposed approach compared to existing state-of-the-art methods. The proposed methodology can be employed in matching other modality pairs.
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Silva, Allan Batista, Hemílio Fernandes Campos Coêlho, Francisca Inês de Sousa Freitas, Clélia de Alencar Xavier Mota, Sérgio Vital da Silva Junior, and Caliandra Maria Bezerra Luna Lima. "Temporal distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in Paraíba state, northeastern brazil, by geographic region, 2012-2017." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): e9410615575. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15575.
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This study aims to analyze the temporal distribution of human (HVL) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in the state of Paraíba between 2012 and 2017, by Intermediate and Immediate Geographic Region (GR). As an ecological study with a quantitative approach, data were collected in the LACEN PB database; Dra. Telma Lobo Central Public Health Laboratory, Paraíba; and refer to positive cases of HVL and CVL presented in the state in the period under study. Poisson Regression Modeling was used to quantify the average number of cases from one year to another. The results revealed that the immediate GRs of Mamanguape - Rio Tinto, Campina Grande, and Cajazeiras present a statistically significant increasing trend in the average number of HVL cases. The immediate GRs of Campina Grande, Patos, Cuité - Nova Floresta, Itaporanga, and João Pessoa revealed a significant increase in the average number of CVL cases during the period analyzed. The need for reorganization of disease control operations and preventive actions was confirmed, especially in those regions identified with growth.
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Choi, In Sil, Jiwoong Jung, Byoung Hyuck Kim, Sohee Oh, Jongjin Kim, Jin Hyun Park, Jeong Hwan Park, and Ki-Tae Hwang. "The 21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay and Prediction of Chemotherapy Benefit: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of the SEER Database." Cancers 12, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071829.
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Background: To evaluate the performance of the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay in predicting chemotherapy benefit in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results population, we aimed to assess breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) by chemotherapy use within each of the RS categories. Methods: Data on breast cancer (BC) cases diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 with available RS results were released. Our analysis included patients with hormone receptor-positive, node-negative early-stage BC (n = 89,402), and three RS groups were defined; RS < 11, low; RS 11–25, intermediate; RS > 25, high. A propensity score matched-analysis was performed to assess and compare BCSM. Results: Chemotherapy was significantly associated with a reduced risk of BC death among patients in the high RS group (hazard ratio = 0.782; 95% CI, 0.618–0.990; p = 0.041). However, in the low and intermediate RS groups, there were no significant differences in BCSM between patients who received chemotherapy and those who did not. Among those with RS 11–25, chemotherapy benefit varied with tumor size (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings provide real-world evidence that the 21-gene RS assay is predictive of chemotherapy benefit among patients in clinical practice. More refined risk estimates would be needed for patients with an intermediate RS.
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Ramírez-Alesón, Marisa, and Marta Fernández-Olmos. "Intermediate imports and innovation performance: do family firms benefit more?" European Journal of Innovation Management 23, no. 5 (November 14, 2019): 835–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-05-2019-0116.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of imported intermediate inputs on innovation performance, differentiating among types of innovation output (product and process innovation) and considering both family and non-family firms in the Spanish context. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses an unbalanced panel of 1963 firms in the Spanish manufacturing sector (13,155 observations; 2006–2016) that can be identified as family or non-family firms. The authors apply a recently developed methodology (conditional mixed process model) that takes into account the possible relationships among the dependent variables to a panel bivariate probit model with robust standard errors. Findings Importing intermediate inputs is an important source of process innovation for all firms, but not of product innovations. Significant differences were found between family and non-family firms in favor of the family type. Research limitations/implications This paper breaks down the family state into two categories (belonging to a family group or not) because the database does not contain information regarding the percentage of family ownership or the number of family members in the management structure. Moreover, the research is context specific. Practical implications These results will be useful for firms that are considering the value of importing intermediate inputs as a strategy to improve their process innovations, particularly for family firms. Social implications Family firms are more successful in the utilization of imported intermediate inputs to achieve greater innovation performance. If family firms are more competent in leveraging their intermediate input imports in innovation performance, it should contribute to increasing business performance. Originality/value The research on imports takes into account the different impacts of intermediate imports depending on innovation performance (product innovation vs process innovation) and the nature of the firm (family firms vs non-family firms).
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Tward, Jonathan D., Lindsay Burt, and Dennis C. Shrieve. "Definitive treatment of localized prostate cancer: Time and geographic trends." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2015): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.132.
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132 Background: Numerous definitive treatment options exist for localized prostate cancer. We evaluated how the distribution of treatments varied by geographic location and over time in a contemporary US population database. Methods: All subjects with NCCN clinical risk-stratifiable localized prostate cancer between the years 2004 and 2011 were identified in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End-Results Database. Descriptive statistics evaluating the relative distribution of therapies by geographic region and over time were performed. Results: There were 290,631 evaluable subjects identified. The Table shows trends in treatment over time for combined low, intermediate, high, and very high risk prostate cancer. The use of brachytherapy has been significantly declining between 2004 and 2011, and no definitive therapy has been increasing. In 2010-2011, regional prostatectomy use varied from a low of 18% (Rural Georgia) to a high of 57% (Iowa). No definitive therapy rates varied between 12% (Hawaii) and 35% (Rural Georgia). Analyses of regional variation at the State County level reveals significant variability in the ratio of subjects receiving surgery to radiation (e.g., State of Utah surgery:radiation ratio 0.25 (Beaver County) versus 3.06 (Toole County). Conclusions: There is marked regional variation of practice at both the county and state levels for localized prostate cancer definitive therapy. The use of radiotherapy has been declining between the years 2004 and 2011, and appears to be offset by increases in no definitive therapy. Prostatectomy rates remained stable. [Table: see text]
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Hasan, Irsan, Imelda Maria Loho, Cosmas Rinaldi A. Lesmana, Rino Alvani Gani, Lianda Siregar, Agus Sudiro Waspodo, and Laurentius A. Lesmana. "Treatment for Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Practice and Outcome in Real World Study." Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy 23, no. 1 (May 15, 2022): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24871/231202224-28.
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Background: Intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very heterogeneous disease. The first line treatment for this group is transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), however, in clinical practice, not all patients are suitable for TACE. We aim to evaluate current treatment practice and outcome of patients with intermediate-stage HCC.Methods: HCC patients database from 2013 to 2016 in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Dharmais Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with intermediate-stage HCC were included in this study.Results: A total of 456 patients were diagnosed with HCC, but only 151 (33.1%) patients with intermediate-stage HCC were included. Men outnumbered women in a ratio of 3:1. The most common etiology for HCC was hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which accounted for 55% of patients. Fifty-two patients (34.4%) were treated with TACE as first-line treatment. Sixty-seven patients (44%) were given best supportive care due to ineligibility for TACE. Frequency of TACE varied from one to eleven times. Overall median survival was 617 days (1.7 years). One-year survival for patients undergoing TACE and liver resection was 47% and 60%, respectively. We did not compare the survival between any treatment groups because the number of patient in each group is not sufficient to be statistically analyzed.Conclusion: Only 34.4% of patients with intermediate-stage HCC was treated with TACE as first-line treatment. An improvement in the treatment strategy should be done for HCC patients in Indonesia.
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Koroki, Keisuke, Sadahisa Ogasawara, Yoshihiko Ooka, Hiroaki Kanzaki, Kengo Kanayama, Susumu Maruta, Takahiro Maeda, et al. "Analyses of Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Receiving Transarterial Chemoembolization prior to Designing Clinical Trials." Liver Cancer 9, no. 5 (2020): 596–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508809.
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Background: Intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high frequency of recurrence and progression to advanced stage after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), particularly in patients with high tumor burden. Promising new results from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and ICI-based therapies are expected to replace TACE, especially in HCC patients with high tumor burden. Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of TACE with a view to design clinical trials comparing TACE and ICIs. Methods: We retrospectively identified intermediate-stage HCC patients undergoing TACE from our database and subdivided patients into low- and high-burden groups based on three subclassification models using the diameter of the maximum tumor and the number of tumors. Clinical outcomes were compared between low- and high-burden intermediate-stage HCC. Results: Of 1,161 newly diagnosed HCC patients, 316 were diagnosed with intermediate-stage disease and underwent TACE. The median overall survival from high-burden intermediate-stage disease was not significantly different by clinical course, reaching high tumor burden in all subclassification models. The prognosis of high-burden patients after initial TACE was poor compared with low-burden patients for two models (except for the up-to-seven criteria). In all three models, high-burden patients showed a poor durable response rate (DRR) both ≥3 months and ≥6 months and poor prognosis after TACE. Moreover, patients with confirmed durable response ≥3 months and ≥6 months showed better survival outcomes for high-burden intermediate-stage HCC. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the basis for selecting a population that would not benefit from TACE and setting DRR ≥3 months or ≥6 months as alternative endpoints when designing clinical trials comparing TACE and ICIs.
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Klaassen, Zachary, Abhay A. Singh, Lauren Howard, Martha K. Terris, William J. Aronson, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Christopher L. Amling, Christopher J. Kane, Lionel Lloyds Banez, and Stephen J. Freedland. "Is clinical stage T2C prostate cancer intermediate- or high-risk disease?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2014): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.110.
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110 Background: Clinical stage T2c (cT2c) is an indeterminate factor in the algorithm for prostate cancer (CaP) risk stratification. According to the D’Amico risk stratification and the American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines, cT2c is high−risk, whereas the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and EUA classify cT2c as intermediate−risk. Since determining whether cT2c is intermediate- or high-risk has implications for treatment, it is important to define what exact risk cT2c portends. Thus, we sought to assess whether cT2c tumors, without associated other high−risk factors (cT2c not otherwise specified (cT2c−nos)), behave as intermediate− or high−risk by analyzing biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 2,759 men who underwent RP from 1988 to 2011 from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database. Comparisons in time to BCR between cT2c−nos patients and intermediate−risk (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] 10 to 20 ng/ml or Gleason sum (GS) =7 or cT2b), and high−risk (PSA greater than 20 ng/ml, GS 8 to 10, cT3) patients was performed using log−rank test and Cox proportional hazards analyses. Given changes in CaP, we adjusted for year of surgery (continuous) and to adjust for case mix among centers contributing to SEARCH we included a categorical term for center. Results: A total of 99 men (4%) were classified as cT2c−nos. During a median follow-up of 66 months (IQR: 34−101 months), cT2c−nos patients had similar BCR risk as intermediate-risk (p=0.27), but significantly lower BCR risk versus high-risk patients (p<0.001, Figure). After adjusting for year and center and compared to low-risk disease, the HRs for cT2c−nos patients was similar to those with intermediate-risk (HR 1.90 vs. 2.28). When specifically compared to intermediate-and high-risk patients, and after adjusting for year and center, cT2c−nos patients had outcomes comparable to intermediate−risk (p=0.44), but significantly better than high-risk patients (HR 0.55; 95%CI 0.38,0.78; p=0.001). Conclusions: BCR risk for patients with clinical stage T2c was comparable to men who had intermediate-risk disease and significantly better than men with high-risk CaP. These findings suggest men with cT2c disease should be offered treatment options for intermediate-risk CaP.
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Stolzenbach, Lara Franziska, Giuseppe Rosiello, Angela Pecoraro, Carlotta Palumbo, Stefano Luzzago, Marina Deuker, Zhe Tian, et al. "Prostate Cancer Grade and Stage Misclassification in Active Surveillance Candidates: Black Versus White Patients." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 18, no. 11 (November 2020): 1492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2020.7580.
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Background: Misclassification rates defined as upgrading, upstaging, and upgrading and/or upstaging have not been tested in contemporary Black patients relative to White patients who fulfilled criteria for very-low-risk, low-risk, or favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer. This study aimed to address this void. Methods: Within the SEER database (2010–2015), we focused on patients with very low, low, and favorable intermediate risk for prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy and had available stage and grade information. Descriptive analyses, temporal trend analyses, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. Results: Overall, 4,704 patients with very low risk (701 Black vs 4,003 White), 17,785 with low risk (2,696 Black vs 15,089 White), and 11,040 with favorable intermediate risk (1,693 Black vs 9,347 White) were identified. Rates of upgrading and/or upstaging in Black versus White patients were respectively 42.1% versus 37.7% (absolute Δ = +4.4%; P<.001) in those with very low risk, 48.6% versus 46.0% (absolute Δ = +2.6%; P<.001) in those with low risk, and 33.8% versus 35.3% (absolute Δ = –1.5%; P=.05) in those with favorable intermediate risk. Conclusions: Rates of misclassification were particularly elevated in patients with very low risk and low risk, regardless of race, and ranged from 33.8% to 48.6%. Recalibration of very-low-, low-, and, to a lesser extent, favorable intermediate-risk active surveillance criteria may be required. Finally, our data indicate that Black patients may be given the same consideration as White patients when active surveillance is an option. However, further validations should ideally follow.
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Santos, Hellen Geremias dos, Selma Maffei de Andrade, Ana Maria Rigo Silva, Wladithe Organ de Carvalho, and Arthur Eumann Mesas. "Risk factors for infant mortality in a municipality in southern Brazil: a comparison of two cohorts using hierarchical analysis." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 28, no. 10 (October 2012): 1915–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2012001000010.
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This study compared risk factors for infant mortality in 2000-2001 and 2007-2008 in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil. Data on live births and infant deaths were linked in a single database, and a hierarchical regression model was used. Distal risk factors for infant mortality in 2000-2001 were maternal age < 20 or ≥ 35 years and lower maternal schooling. In 2007-2008, maternal age ≥ 35 or < 20 years were risk factors, while low schooling appeared as a protective factor. The following intermediate factors were associated with increased infant mortality in 2000-2001: multiple pregnancy, history of stillbirth, and insufficient number of prenatal visits, while cesarean delivery was a protective factor. Multiple pregnancy was the only intermediate risk factor in 2007-2008. All of the proximal factors were associated with higher infant mortality in 2000-2001, but only gestational age and 5-minute Apgar in 2007-2008. The risk factors for infant mortality changed from the first to the second cohort, which may be related to the expansion of social policies and primary care and changes in the reproductive and social patterns of Brazilian women.
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Tai, J., J. Chen, S. Wai, T. Ji, X. Li, and X. Ni. "Roles of Embryonic Field in Neuroblastomas: A New Perspective Study Based on SEER Database." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 228s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.92300.
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Background: Neuroblastoma is the most prevalent malignancy in children. G. Barry Pierce once suggested the regulatory roles of embryonic field in the carcinoma. However, no related article can be found until now. Aim: To investigate the roles of embryonic field in neuroblastoma. Methods: In the current study, patients with neuroblastoma were initially selected from SEER Database (1973-2014). Demographic information (such as age, gender and race) as well as clinical presentations were collected. Based on the blastoderms (ectoderm/mesoderm/entoderm) of organs, where were the primary sites of tumors, patients were then categorized into 3 different groups (low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk). Differences in the demographic information, therapeutic methods and outcomes were then analyzed among the 3 groups. Results: The analytic cohort included 5623 patients in total. The primary sites which originate from mesoderm accounted for 35.0% of all malignant tumors, and the majority from entoderm was olfactory neuroblastoma (75.3%). Neuroblastoma from entoderm had the smallest tumor size, with the diameter of 43.89 ± 20.84 cm. More lymph nodes were found to be involved when tumors grow along with organs or tissues originating from mesoderm. Radiation seems having little impact on the prognosis of patients. Conclusion: Cellular similarity plays important roles in the prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma, however, radiation treatment has little impact. In addition, enhancing the immune state of patients is very important for the good prognosis during the course of treatment. More attentions should be paid to the relationship between tumorogenesis and embryogenesis.
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Kodiyan, Joyson, Adel Guirguis, and Hani Ashmalla. "Delayed adjuvant radiotherapy in early-stage cervical cancer with intermediate-risk features has a detrimental effect on survival that cannot be corrected by adjuvant chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 6037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.6037.
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6037 Background: GOG-0263 is currently investigating the role of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) concurrently with radiotherapy (RT) in patients with early stage cervical cancer that underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy harboring intermediate risk features. We used a retrospective database to investigate whether adjuvant chemotherapy significantly influenced overall survival (OS), and whether its effectiveness is influenced by delays in radiotherapy. Methods: All data was obtained from the NCDB (National Cancer Database) and initially contained 115,747 cases of cervical cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2015. Analyzed patients had early stage disease, received radical hysterectomy with pathologic stage I to IIA, and had intermediate risk features including size greater than 4 cm or lymphovascular invasion. All patients received adjuvant RT with or without CT. Cases with positive margin or nodes, with parametrial extension, or metastasis were excluded. Cases were weighted by inverse probability of treatment (CT) using clinical and socioeconomic variables, and analyzed for OS using multivariate models. Predictors of receiving CT were determined using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The final cohort was 557 patients with median follow-up of 43 months (range, 1.54-143.7). Median survival without CT (n = 244) versus with CT (n = 313) was 42.2 versus 43.9 months (HR 0.81, 95%CI 0.661-0.995, p = 0.045). Median time from diagnosis to RT was 91 days (range, 21-691), and predicted for inferior OS (p = 0.007). No significant interaction existed between RT delay and receipt of CT (p = 0.997). Cases with squamous histology were less likely to receive CT than adenocarcinoma histology (OR 0.345, 95%CI 0.159-0.725, p = 0.006). Conclusions: Poor survival outcomes are observed in patients with early stage cervical cancer harboring intermediate risk features when adjuvant radiotherapy is delayed. This outcome was not corrected by addition of chemotherapy.
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Guardiola, Carlos, Benjamin Pla, Pau Bares, and Javier Mora. "An on-board method to estimate the light-off temperature of diesel oxidation catalysts." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 8 (December 16, 2018): 1480–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418817965.
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Current diesel engine regulations include on-board diagnostic requirements so that after-treatment systems need on-board methods to detect their aging state through the available measurements. In a state-of-the-art diesel exhaust line, two temperature and [Formula: see text] measurements can be found upstream and downstream of the diesel oxidation catalyst. Thus, the strategy presented in this article makes use of these measurements to estimate the light-off temperature, which has been widely studied as a characteristic of diesel oxidation catalyst aging. The light-off temperature estimation potential is evaluated first under dynamic engine operating conditions, in which [Formula: see text] measurements are proved to be precise enough to detect oxidation. However, dynamic conditions make the association of a representative temperature with an oxidation event difficult. Therefore, the method makes use of more controlled conditions at idle, during which the exhaust temperature decreases avoiding dynamics of normal driving conditions. During the idle, post-injection pulses are applied to determine whether oxidation occurs at a representative temperature measured by the upstream temperature sensor. The result of each pulse is used to generate a database. Then, after a long enough time window, the database generated will allow characterizing non-oxidation and oxidation temperatures, with an intermediate interval of indefinition. This article shows how the temperatures of these ranges increase as the light-off temperature increases, thereby validating the proposed method for light-off temperature estimation.
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Gross, Moritz, Michael Spektor, Ariel Jaffe, Ahmet S. Kucukkaya, Simon Iseke, Stefan P. Haider, Mario Strazzabosco, Julius Chapiro, and John A. Onofrey. "Improved performance and consistency of deep learning 3D liver segmentation with heterogeneous cancer stages in magnetic resonance imaging." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): e0260630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260630.
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Purpose Accurate liver segmentation is key for volumetry assessment to guide treatment decisions. Moreover, it is an important pre-processing step for cancer detection algorithms. Liver segmentation can be especially challenging in patients with cancer-related tissue changes and shape deformation. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of state-of-the-art deep learning 3D liver segmentation algorithms to generalize across all different Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) liver cancer stages. Methods This retrospective study, included patients from an institutional database that had arterial-phase T1-weighted magnetic resonance images with corresponding manual liver segmentations. The data was split into 70/15/15% for training/validation/testing each proportionally equal across BCLC stages. Two 3D convolutional neural networks were trained using identical U-net-derived architectures with equal sized training datasets: one spanning all BCLC stages (“All-Stage-Net": AS-Net), and one limited to early and intermediate BCLC stages (“Early-Intermediate-Stage-Net": EIS-Net). Segmentation accuracy was evaluated by the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) on a dataset spanning all BCLC stages and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for pairwise comparisons. Results 219 subjects met the inclusion criteria (170 males, 49 females, 62.8±9.1 years) from all BCLC stages. Both networks were trained using 129 subjects: AS-Net training comprised 19, 74, 18, 8, and 10 BCLC 0, A, B, C, and D patients, respectively; EIS-Net training comprised 21, 86, and 22 BCLC 0, A, and B patients, respectively. DSCs (mean±SD) were 0.954±0.018 and 0.946±0.032 for AS-Net and EIS-Net (p<0.001), respectively. The AS-Net 0.956±0.014 significantly outperformed the EIS-Net 0.941±0.038 on advanced BCLC stages (p<0.001) and yielded similarly good segmentation performance on early and intermediate stages (AS-Net: 0.952±0.021; EIS-Net: 0.949±0.027; p = 0.107). Conclusion To ensure robust segmentation performance across cancer stages that is independent of liver shape deformation and tumor burden, it is critical to train deep learning models on heterogeneous imaging data spanning all BCLC stages.
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Hiraoka, Atsushi, Kojiro Michitaka, Takashi Kumada, Namiki Izumi, Masumi Kadoya, Norihiro Kokudo, Shoji Kubo, et al. "Prediction of Prognosis of Intermediate-Stage HCC Patients: Validation of the Tumor Marker Score in a Nationwide Database in Japan." Liver Cancer 8, no. 5 (2019): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000495944.
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Agrawal, Rishabh, Asoke Dey, Sujay Datta, Ana Nassar, William Grubb, Bryan Traughber, Tithi Biswas, Roger Ove, and Tarun Podder. "Pattern of Radiotherapy Treatment in Low-Risk, Intermediate-Risk, and High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients: Analysis of National Cancer Database." Cancers 14, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 5503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225503.
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Background: In this study, the utilization rates and survival outcomes of different radiotherapy techniques are compared in prostate cancer (PCa) patients stratified by risk group. Methods: We analyzed an extensive data set of N0, M0, non-surgical PCa patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 from the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Patients were grouped into six categories based on RT modality: an intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) group with brachytherapy (BT) boost, IMRT with/without IMRT boost, proton therapy, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), low-dose-rate brachytherapy (BT LDR), and high-dose-rate brachytherapy (BT HDR). Patients were also stratified by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines: low-risk (clinical stage T1–T2a, Gleason Score (GS) ≤ 6, and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) < 10), intermediate-risk (clinical stage T2b or T2c, GS of 7, or PSA of 10–20), and high-risk (clinical stage T3–T4, or GS of 8–10, or PSA > 20). Overall survival (OS) probability was determined using a Kaplan–Meier estimator. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by risk group for the six treatment modalities. Results: The most utilized treatment modality for all PCa patients was IMRT (53.1%). Over the years, a steady increase in SBRT utilization was observed, whereas BT HDR usage declined. IMRT-treated patient groups exhibited relatively lower survival probability in all risk categories. A slightly better survival probability was observed for the proton therapy group. Hormonal therapy was used for a large number of patients in all risk groups. Conclusion: This study revealed that IMRT was the most common treatment modality for PCa patients. Brachytherapy, SBRT, and IMRT+BT exhibited similar survival rates, whereas proton showed slightly better overall survival across the three risk groups. However, analysis of the demographics indicates that these differences are at least in part due to selection bias.
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Wu, Hui, and Yaodong Li. "Does the Emissions Trading System Promote Clean Development? A Re-Examination based on Micro-Enterprise Data." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 17023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142417023.
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In 2007, the SO2 emissions trading pilot policy was established to offer a framework for the management of the industrial environment. The evaluation of the effect of this policy on the industrial enterprise environment is expected to be of great importance for the development of the industrial economy. Our paper aimed to analyze the implementation effects and mechanisms of emissions trading systems using data collected from the China Industrial Enterprise Database and China Industrial Enterprise Pollution Discharge Database from 1998 to 2012. It was found that the policy decreased the emissions intensity of industrial enterprises; moreover, the emission reduction effect was most apparent in the eastern region, in non-state-owned enterprises, in large-scale enterprises, and in low-pollution industries. The findings of the intermediate effect test revealed that the emissions trading system positively affects the environment through the “innovation compensation” effect and “resource allocation” effects. Based on these findings, we make the following recommendations for policy: we should continue to comply with the improvement strategy of joining “market decision” with “government regulation”, actively encourage the construction of an emissions trading system, and guide industrial enterprises to fabricate a plan for working on environmental performance under the motivation of technological innovation.
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Marsh, Robert M. "Determinants of Income Inequality in the Early Twenty-First Century: A Cross-National Study." Comparative Sociology 14, no. 2 (June 10, 2015): 219–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341344.
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This paper uses Solt’s Standardized World Income Inequality Database and attempts to explain variations in Gini coefficients for net household income across 142 developing, transitional and developed societies. The causal model contains three sets of explanatory variables: (1) economic dualism, (2) educational attainment and educational inequality, and (3) political and state influences on income inequality. The most important cause of inequality is still the Kuznets effect: societies at low and high levels of development have less inequality than those at intermediate levels. Population growth increases inequality. Rising labor productivity in the agricultural relative to that in the non-agricultural sector, and being a former Soviet society reduce inequality. Educational attainment has less effect than educational inequality on income inequality. Government income transfers sometimes reduce inequality, but have no effect when all variables are in the model. Finally, liberal democracy has no net effect on inequality
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Bari, Shahla, Hung T. Khong, Brian J. Czerniecki, and Ricardo L. Costa. "Retrospective cohort study of estrogen receptor low positive early breast cancer using real world data." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.525.
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525 Background: Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease, with ongoing debate on the optimal cut off point for clinically relevant ER expression. Tumors harboring ≤10% ER expression are associated with poor outcomes. We used a real-world database to assess prognostic and predictive value of an alternative ER expression cut points. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the nationwide Flatiron Health electronic health record (EHR)-derived de-identified database. During the study period, the de-identified data originated from approximately 280 US cancer clinics (̃800 sites of care). We evaluated the association between ER expression (assessed locally by immunohistochemistry according to ASCO/CAP guidelines) with tumor characteristics, and treatment patterns of patients with early-stage BC (stage I-III) using descriptive statistics. Recurrence free survival and overall survival was defined as time in months from date of surgery until the data of documented cancer recurrence or death respectively. We used Kaplan Myer survival curves to calculate recurrence free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with ER low, ER intermediate and ER high tumors. To define an alternative ER expression cut point, the data set was divided into 2/3 training and 1/3 test data. A cut point analysis was performed on the training data set to find the optimum cut point of ER+ staining based on correlation with recurrence free survival as the outcome. Results: Among 4,697 ER positive early-stage BC patients, 83 (1.8%) had ER low (ER expression :1-10%) and 36 (0.8%) had ER intermediate BC (11-20%). Median follow up time was 63 months (range 24-84). ER low tumors were associated with higher tumor grade, larger size, and higher axillary tumor burden compared to ER high positive tumors ( > 20% ER expression). African American patients had a higher prevalence of both triple negative and ER low positive BCs compared to ER high tumors- 21%, 22%, and 8% respectively. No significant differences in patient- or tumor-associated characteristics were observed between Low ER and intermediate-ER positive BC patients. Both ER low and intermediate positive tumor patients had survival outcomes similar to patients with TNBC and worse than ER high positive tumors (p < 0.001). No significant correlations between endocrine therapy and RFS or OS were observed among patients with either ER low or intermediate BCs (HR 1.47 and 2.57, p > 0.05; respectively). Sensitivity analysis showed that tumors with ≤ 20% ER expression were associated with worse RFS in both univariate and multivariate analyses (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that patients with ER expression rates ≤ 20% have poor outcomes and derive minimal benefit from endocrine therapies.
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Silva, Danilo Conrado, Maria Clorinda Soares Fioravanti, Paulo José Bastos Queiroz, Marcelo Corrêa da Silva, Sarah Amado Ribeiro, Sabrina Sara Moreira Duarte, Samara Socorro Silva Pereira, Alex Silva da Cruz, Lysa Bernardes Minasi, and Aparecido Divino da Cruz. "Morphological characterization of remaining specimens of the Curraleiro horse in Central Brazil." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 43, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n1p449.
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This study aimed to carry out the morphological characterization of the remaining specimens of the Curraleiro horse in municipalities of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Forty male horses were evaluated using the age of five years as a criterion. Sixteen linear measurements and 13 zootechnical indices were obtained. Subsequently, the mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and covariances of these measures and indices were obtained using the software IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. The measures withers height (WH), croup height (CH), midback height (MH), sternum-to-ground height (SH), chest index (CI), and estimated weight (W) allowed characterizing Curraleiro horses as small-sized, light, and fast, with proportional measures. The dactyl-thoracic index (DTI), body index (BI), conformation index (CFI), load index 1 and 2 (LOI1 and LOI2), and compactness index 1 and 2 (COI1 and COI2) showed that the Curraleiro horse has an intermediate capacity for speed and strength, bearing considerable weight on the back, with saddling aptitude and fast work. These results represent the beginning of the formation of a database that may contribute to future studies and the conservation of the Curraleiro horse in the state of Goiás.
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Sampayo-Maldonado, Salvador, Cesar A. Ordoñez-Salanueva, Efisio Mattana, Michael Way, Elena Castillo-Lorenzo, Patricia D. Dávila-Aranda, Rafael Lira-Saade, et al. "Potential Distribution of Cedrela odorata L. in Mexico according to Its Optimal Thermal Range for Seed Germination under Different Climate Change Scenarios." Plants 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12010150.
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Cedrela odorata is a native tree of economic importance, as its wood is highly demanded in the international market. In this work, the current and future distributions of C. odorata in Mexico under climate change scenarios were analyzed according to their optimal temperature ranges for seed germination. For the present distribution, 256 localities of the species’ presence were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database and modelled with MaxEnt. For the potential distribution, the National Center for Atmospheric Research model (CCSM4) was used under conservative and drastic scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 Watts/m2, respectively) for the intermediate future (2050) and far future (2070). Potential distribution models were built from occurrence data within the optimum germination temperature range of the species. The potential distribution expanded by 5 and 7.8% in the intermediate and far future, respectively, compared with the current distribution. With the increase in temperature, adequate environmental conditions for the species distribution should be met in the central Mexican state of Guanajuato. The states of Chihuahua, Mexico, Morelos, Guerrero, and Durango presented a negative trend in potential distribution. Additionally, in the far future, the state of Chihuahua it is likely to not have adequate conditions for the presence of the species. For the prediction of the models, the precipitation variable during the driest month presented the greatest contribution. When the humidity is not limiting, the thermal climatic variables are the most important ones. Models based on its thermal niche for seed germination allowed for the identification of areas where temperature will positively affect seed germination, which will help maximize the establishment of plant populations and adaptation to different climate change scenarios.
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Kho, M. E., E. M. Lepisto, J. C. Niland, A. terVeer, A. S. LaCasce, J. W. Friedberg, and J. C. Weeks. "Reliability of data collection for the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) multi-center outcomes database: A methodological approach." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 6525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.6525.
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6525 Background: Clinical trials and outcomes studies often rely on non-physicians to abstract complex data from medical records. We assessed the reliability of chart abstraction among personnel groups in a multi-center outcomes study of indolent/aggressive NHL treated in NCCN centers. Methods: We developed 20 standardized charts of patients with newly-diagnosed NHL. Raters included 6 Clinical Research Associates from participating sites (CRAs), 3 project staff who conduct CRA training, and 3 medical oncologists. Raters each received a set of standardized charts, detailed instructions and training on a sample chart and abstracted all charts independently. We assessed reliability on 5 variables: MD-reported and rater-determined disease stage; International Prognostic Index (IPI- low-low intermediate, intermediate-high, high); Charlson comorbidity index score; and presence of any item from the Charlson index. We used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to calculate reliability. We considered coefficients from 0–0.20 ‘slight’, 0.21–0.40 ‘fair’, 0.41–0.60 ‘moderate’, 0.61–0.80 ‘substantial’ and >0.80 ‘almost perfect’(1). Results: Overall reliability was “almost perfect/substantial” for MD-reported stage, rater-determined stage, and IPI, but only “moderate” for the 2 Charlson-based comorbidity measures (Table). Reliability varied by rater group; no rater group was consistently more reliable than others. Conclusions: Trained CRAs abstracted key clinical variables with a very high degree of reliability, and performed at a level similar to study trainers and oncologists. Elements of the Charlson index were less reliable than other data types, possibly due to inherent ambiguity in the index itself. Use of trained CRA staff is reasonable to collect stage and IPI scores in a multi-center outcomes study, however abstracted Charlson scores should be interpreted with caution. (1)Biometrics. 1977. 33:159–74. No significant financial relationships to disclose. [Table: see text]
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Rezaei, A., and R. Zuhour. "Racial Disparity in Accessibility and Outcomes of Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Stage I High Intermediate Risk Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: A National Database Study." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 114, no. 3 (November 2022): e137-e138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.977.
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Zhang, Jie, and Shu Ying Cheng. "Design and Implementation of Lighting Management System Based on Wireless City." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.511.
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China mobile is using 3G and WiFi to construct a everywhere wireless network ,named wireless city.The lighting management system make every city lighting unit to access a unified management platform via the wireless network, so that realize the acquisition of working state, the setting of work mode and the automatic report of fault for every lighting unit. This paper mainly introduces the lighting management node and the unified management platform. The lighting management node is responsible for adaptive wireless network access, information collection and control of the lighting unit. The unified management platform is responsible for establishing the feature database of every light unit, the man-machine operation interface and the illumination energy conservation algorithm of the whole city. In addition, this paper also discussed the cost,and efficiency, the advantages and disadvantages of the lighting management system. Finally, through the experiment estimate for an intermediate city, This system can yield high rates of energy usage, with pay back in 10 years.
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Stasiak, Bartłomiej, Jędrzej Mońko, and Adam Niewiadomski. "Note onset detection in musical signals via neural–network–based multi–ODF fusion." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amcs-2016-0014.
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Abstract The problem of note onset detection in musical signals is considered. The proposed solution is based on known approaches in which an onset detection function is defined on the basis of spectral characteristics of audio data. In our approach, several onset detection functions are used simultaneously to form an input vector for a multi-layer non-linear perceptron, which learns to detect onsets in the training data. This is in contrast to standard methods based on thresholding the onset detection functions with a moving average or a moving median. Our approach is also different from most of the current machine-learning-based solutions in that we explicitly use the onset detection functions as an intermediate representation, which may therefore be easily replaced with a different one, e.g., to match the characteristics of a particular audio data source. The results obtained for a database containing annotated onsets for 17 different instruments and ensembles are compared with state-of-the-art solutions.
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Kommalapati, Anuhya, Sri Harsha Tella, Adams Kusi Appiah, Lynette Smith, and Apar Kishor Ganti. "Association Between Treatment Facility Volume, Therapy Types, and Overall Survival in Patients With Stage IIIA Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 17, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2018.7086.
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Background: There is significant heterogeneity in the treatment of stage IIIA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study evaluated the therapeutic and survival disparities in patients with stage IIIA NSCLC based on the facility volume using the National Cancer Database. Methods: Patients with stage IIIA NSCLC diagnosed from 2004 through 2015 were included. Facilities were classified by tertiles based on mean patients treated per year, with low-volume facilities treating ≤8 patients, intermediate-volume treating 9 to 14 patients, and high-volume treating ≥15 patients. Cox multivariate analysis was used to determine the volume–outcome relationship. Results: Analysis included 83,673 patients treated at 1,319 facilities. Compared with patients treated at low-volume facilities, those treated at high-volume centers were more likely to be treated with surgical (25% vs 18%) and trimodality (12% vs 9%) therapies. In multivariate analysis, facility volume was independently associated with all-cause mortality (P<.0001). Median overall survival by facility volume was 15, 16, and 19 months for low-, intermediate-, and high-volume facilities, respectively (P<.001). Compared with patients treated at high-volume facilities, those treated at intermediate- and low-volume facilities had a significantly higher risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.07–1.11] and 1.11 [95% CI, 1.09–1.13], respectively). Conclusions: Patients treated for stage IIIA NSCLC at high-volume facilities were more likely to receive surgical and trimodality therapies and had a significant improvement in survival.
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Gagnet, Simon, Caroline Diorio, Louise Provencher, Cynthia Mbuya-Bienge, Julie Lapointe, Claudya Morin, Julie Lemieux, and Hermann Nabi. "Identifying Clinicopathological Factors Associated with Oncotype DX® 21-Gene Recurrence Score: A Real-World Retrospective Cohort Study of Breast Cancer Patients in Quebec City, Canada." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11090858.
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Gene expression profiling tests such as the Oncotype DX (ODX) 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay is increasingly used in clinical practice to predict the risk of recurrence and support treatment planning for early-stage breast cancer (BC). However, this test has some disadvantages such as a high cost and a long turnaround time to get results, which may lead to disparities in access. We aim to identify clinicopathological factors associated with ODX RS in women with early-stage BC. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women identified in the medical database of the Deschênes-Fabia Breast Disease Center of Quebec City University, Canada. Our sample consists of 425 women diagnosed with early-stage BC who have obtained an ODX RS between January 2011 and April 2015. The ODX RS has been categorized into three levels as originally defined: low (0–17), intermediate (18–30), and high (>30). The mean RS was 17.8 (SD = 9.2). Univariate analyses and multinomial logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with intermediate and high RS compared with low RS. A total of 237 (55.8%) patients had low RS, 148 (34.8%) had intermediate RS, and 40 (9.4%) had high RS. Women with progesterone receptor (PR)-negative (ORs ranging from 3.51 to 10.34) and histologic grade II (ORs ranging from 3.16 to 23.04) tumors were consistently more likely to have intermediate or high RS than low RS. Similar patterns of associations were observed when the RS was categorised using redefined thresholds from (i.e., from the TAILORx study or dichotomized). This study provides evidence suggesting that histologic grade and PR status are predictive factors for intermediate or high RS in women with early-stage BC. If these results are confirmed in future studies, considering these clinicopathological factors could spare women the need to get such a test before the beginning of a possible adjuvant therapy. This option could be considered in settings where the cost of testing is an issue.
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Ezeh, Charles Ogbonna, Kenechukwu Chibuike Onyekwelu, Olaoluwa Phebian Akinwale, Lv Shan, and Hu Wei. "Urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria: a 50 year review of prevalence, distribution and disease burden." Parasite 26 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2019020.
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We reviewed survey data deposited in the Global Neglected Tropical Diseases database and many other articles on the prevalence and distribution of Schistosoma haematobium in Nigeria. Schistosoma haematobium surveys conducted over the period of 50 years under review using different diagnostic tools revealed that Ogun State has the highest prevalence, followed by Ekiti state, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in Adamawa. No incidence of Schistosoma haematobium was recorded for states such as Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Nasarawa, Jigawa and Gombe. In terms of endemicity, this review has shown that Nigeria is divided into four zones: hyperendemic, moderately endemic, low endemic, and no endemic zones. A survey of 47 (15%) of the 323 dams in Nigeria revealed that 45 out of the 47 dams are located in the hyperendemic zone, while the remaining two are located in the moderately endemic zone. Twenty (43%) of the total surveyed dams harboured Bulinus globosus and/or Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the local intermediate hosts of schistosomes, and 18 of these are located in the hyperendemic zone, while the other two are in the moderately endemic zone. We conclude that there is an urgent need to carry out a nationwide survey to help in planning, coordinating, and evaluating schistosomiasis control activities.
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Franco, B., F. Hendrick, M. Van Roozendael, J. F. Müller, T. Stavrakou, E. A. Marais, B. Bovy, et al. "Retrievals of formaldehyde from ground-based FTIR and MAX-DOAS observations at the Jungfraujoch station and comparisons with GEOS-Chem and IMAGES model simulations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 4 (April 15, 2015): 1733–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1733-2015.
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Abstract. As an ubiquitous product of the oxidation of many volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde (HCHO) plays a key role as a short-lived and reactive intermediate in the atmospheric photo-oxidation pathways leading to the formation of tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosols. In this study, HCHO profiles have been successfully retrieved from ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar spectra and UV-visible Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) scans recorded during the July 2010–December 2012 time period at the Jungfraujoch station (Swiss Alps, 46.5° N, 8.0° E, 3580 m a.s.l.). Analysis of the retrieved products has revealed different vertical sensitivity between both remote sensing techniques. Furthermore, HCHO amounts simulated by two state-of-the-art chemical transport models (CTMs), GEOS-Chem and IMAGES v2, have been compared to FTIR total columns and MAX-DOAS 3.6–8 km partial columns, accounting for the respective vertical resolution of each ground-based instrument. Using the CTM outputs as the intermediate, FTIR and MAX-DOAS retrievals have shown consistent seasonal modulations of HCHO throughout the investigated period, characterized by summertime maximum and wintertime minimum. Such comparisons have also highlighted that FTIR and MAX-DOAS provide complementary products for the HCHO retrieval above the Jungfraujoch station. Finally, tests have revealed that the updated IR parameters from the HITRAN 2012 database have a cumulative effect and significantly decrease the retrieved HCHO columns with respect to the use of the HITRAN 2008 compilation.
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KandaSwamy, Gokul Vignesh, Bhavan Prasad Rai, Krishna Narahari, and Howard Kynaston. "Rationalising bone scan usage in prostate cancer staging – A UK nationwide audit of the BAUS Radical Prostatectomy (RP) database." Journal of Clinical Urology 13, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415819873263.
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Objective: With new evidence showing no need to perform staging bone scans (BS) in intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PC), we reviewed the practice and trends of performing BS in PC patients across the United Kingdom by analysing a cohort of PC patients from the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) radical prostatectomy (RP) database. We analysed the database as such for data entry and regional trends. Materials and methods: Between 2007 and 2016, patients who had BS were categorised according to D’Amico risk categories as low (LR), intermediate (IR) and high (HR). The IR group was subdivided into primary patterns 3 (IR3) and 4 (IR4). Subgroup analysis based on prostate-specific antigen and Gleason score was performed. Regional trends regarding data entry and no staging scans before RP were also analysed. Results: Over the study period, the database included 39,382 patients. The quality of data improved from 2011. A consistent drop in proportion of LR patients who had BS was noted over the study period which stood at less than 1% in 2016. This parallels an increase in proportion of HR patients, but the IR3 and IR4 proportion remained stable throughout the study. A large proportion of HR patients were deemed HR because of clinical T stage in the subgroup analysis. A progressive drop is noted in patients having no scan before RP, which stood at 3.66% in 2016. Out of 15 regions, 13 showed improvement in data completeness. Conclusion: In the United Kingdom, good adherence with guidelines to avoid BS in LR patients is noted but is still continued in IR. Updating the guidelines which are still not uniform and involvement of specialist multidisciplinary teams to reflect these would help reduce a considerable number of unnecessary BS being performed. Regional trends shown would help relevant centres to review their data entry process and potentially improve them. Level of evidence: not applicable for this multicentre audit.
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Okada, Yusuke, Takashi Kato, Kaori Iwata, Yasuyuki Kimura, Akinori Nakamura, Hideyuki Hattori, Hiroshi Toyama, et al. "Evaluation of PiB visual interpretation with CSF Aβ and longitudinal SUVR in J-ADNI study." Annals of Nuclear Medicine 34, no. 2 (November 20, 2019): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12149-019-01420-2.
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Abstract Objective The objectives of the present study were to investigate (1) whether trinary visual interpretation of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging (negative/equivocal/positive) reflects quantitative amyloid measurements and the time course of 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) amyloid accumulation, and (2) whether visually equivocal scans represent an early stage of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum in terms of an intermediate state of quantitative amyloid measurements and the changes in amyloid accumulation over time. Methods From the National Bioscience Database Center Human Database of the Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we selected 133 individuals for this study including 33 with Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD), 52 with late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and 48 cognitively normal (CN) subjects who underwent clinical assessment, PiB PET, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 2 or 3-years of follow-up. Sixty-eight of the 133 individuals underwent cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β1-42 (CSF-Ab42) analysis at baseline. The standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) of PiB PET was calculated with a method using MRI at each visit. The cross-sectional values, longitudinal changes in SUVR, and baseline CSF-Ab42 were compared among groups, which were categorized based on trinary visual reads of amyloid PET (negative/equivocal/positive). Results From the trinary visual interpretation of the PiB PET images, 55 subjects were negative, 8 were equivocal, and 70 were positive. Negative interpretation was most frequent in the CN group (70.8/10.4/18.8%: negative/equivocal/positive), and positive was most frequent in the LMCI group (34.6/1.9/63.5%) and in the ADD group (9.1/6.1/84.8%). The baseline SUVRs were 1.08 ± 0.06 in the negative group, 1.23 ± 0.15 in the equivocal group, and 1.86 ± 0.31 in the positive group (F = 174.9, p < 0.001). The baseline CSF-Ab42 level was 463 ± 112 pg/mL in the negative group, 383 ± 125 pg/mL in the equivocal group, and 264 ± 69 pg/mL in the positive group (F = 37, p < 0.001). Over the 3-year follow-up, annual changes in SUVR were − 0.00 ± 0.02 in the negative group, 0.02 ± 0.02 in the equivocal group, and 0.04 ± 0.07 in the positive group (F = 8.4, p < 0.001). Conclusions Trinary visual interpretation (negative/equivocal/positive) of amyloid PET imaging reflects quantitative amyloid measurements evaluated with PET and the CSF amyloid test as well as the amyloid accumulation over time evaluated with PET over 3 years. Subjects in the early stage of the AD continuum could be identified with an equivocal scan, because they showed intermediate quantitative amyloid PET, CSF measurements, and the amyloid accumulation over time.
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Xie, Yuanbo, Haitao Jiang, Hongwei Du, Jinzhang Xu, and Bensheng Qiu. "Fasu-Net: Fast Alzheimer’s Disease Screening with Undersampled MRI Using Convolutional Neural Networks." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 2301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3829.
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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative condition, which results in dementia. Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal aging and AD. Instead of traditional questionnaire method, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used by radiologists to diagnose and screening AD recently, but long acquisition time is not conducive to screening AD and MCI. To solve this problem, we develop a Fasu-Net (Fast Alzheimer’s disease Screening neural network with Undersampled MRI) for AD and MCI clinical classification. The network uses undersampled structural MRI with a shorter acquisition time to improve the screening and diagnosis efficiency of AD. For achieving the best classification result, three axial planes of brain MR images were feed into the Fasu-Net with transfer learning method. The experiment results on undersampled 3D T1-weighted images database (ADNI) show that in the AD versus MCI versus HC (Healthy Controls) classification, the Fasu-Net achieved the accuracy of 91.41%, thus can be a potential method for fast clinical screening of AD.
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Thorson, James T., Jason M. Cope, Trevor A. Branch, and Olaf P. Jensen. "Spawning biomass reference points for exploited marine fishes, incorporating taxonomic and body size information." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 9 (September 2012): 1556–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-077.
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Surplus production represents the processes that affect sustainable fishery harvest and is central to the ecology and management of marine fishes. Taxonomy and life history influence the ratio of spawning biomass at maximum sustainable yield to average unfished spawning biomass (SBMSY/SB0), and estimating this ratio for individual stocks is notoriously difficult. We use a database of published landings data and stock assessment biomass estimates and determine that process errors predominate in this data set by fitting a state–space model to data from each stock individually. We then fit multispecies process-error models while treating SBMSY/SB0as a random effect that varies by taxonomic order and maximum length. The estimated SBMSY/SB0 = 0.40 for all 147 stocks is intermediate between the values assumed by the Fox and the Schaefer models, although Clupeiformes and Perciformes have lower and Gadiformes and Scorpaeniformes have higher SBMSY/SB0values. Model selection supports the hypothesis that large-bodied fishes for a given taxonomic order have relatively higher SBMSY/SB0. Results can be used to define reference points for data-poor fisheries or as input in emerging assessment methods.
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Kleynhans, Elsje, and John S. Terblanche. "The evolution of water balance in Glossina (Diptera: Glossinidae): correlations with climate." Biology Letters 5, no. 1 (November 11, 2008): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0545.
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The water balance of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) has significant implications for understanding biogeography and climate change responses in these African disease vectors. Although moisture is important for tsetse population dynamics, evolutionary responses of Glossina water balance to climate have been relatively poorly explored and earlier studies may have been confounded by several factors. Here, using a physiological and GIS climate database, we investigate potential interspecific relationships between traits of water balance and climate. We do so in conventional and phylogenetically independent approaches for both adults and pupae. Results showed that water loss rates (WLR) were significantly positively related to precipitation in pupae even after phylogenetic adjustment. Adults showed no physiology–climate correlations. Ancestral trait reconstruction suggests that a reduction in WLR and increased size probably evolved from an intermediate ancestral state and may have facilitated survival in xeric environments. The results of this study therefore suggest an important role for water balance physiology of pupae in determining interspecific variation and lend support to conclusions reached by early studies of tsetse physiology.
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Shanker Prasad, Bhanu. "CORRELATIONS AND QUERY PROCESSING." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11726.
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It is known that optimization of join queries based on average selectivities is sub-optimal in highly correlated databases. Relations are naturally divided into partitions , each partition having substantially different statistical characteristics in such databases. It is very compelling to discover such data partitions during query optimization and create multiple plans for a given query , one plan being optimal for a particular combination of data partitions. This scenario calls for the sharing of state among plans, so that common intermediate results are not recomputed. We study this problem in a setting with a routing-based query execution engine based on eddies. Eddies naturally encapsulate horizontal partitioning and maximal state sharing across multiple plan. The purpose of this paper is to present faster execution time over traditional optimization for high correlations, while maintaining the same performance for low correlations.
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Ferrone, C., L. H. Tang, J. Tomplinson, D. S. Klimstra, D. G. Coit, M. F. Brennan, and P. J. Allen. "Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Can the WHO staging system be simplified." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 15038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.15038.
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15038 Background: The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification system for well-differentiated pancreatic endocrine neoplasms (PENs) is complex, and incorporates both stage- and grade-specific information. The aim of this study was to compare separately the prognostic value of stage and grade in a large single institution study of PENs. Methods: A prospectively maintained database from a single institution identified 183 patients who underwent operative treatment for a PEN between 1982–2005. Tumors were staged (<2 cm primary, =2 cm primary, metastatic disease) and graded (Low: no necrosis and <2 mitoses/50 high-power fields - HPF. Intermediate: presence of necrosis and/or =2 mitoses/50 HPF) with a simplified schema. The influence of tumor stage and grade on disease recurrence and disease-specific survival (DSS) was assessed. Results: Median age of the 183 patients was 56 years and 53% were women. Median length of follow-up was 44 months. At the time of presentation 35 patients (19%) had tumors <2 cm without evidence of metastatic disease (<2 cm), 96 patients (52%) had tumors =2 cm without metastases (=2 cm), and 52 patients (29%) were found to have nodal or distant metastatic disease (mets). Size of the primary tumor was not associated with the presence of nodal metastases (mean diameter: N0, 4.8 cm vs. N1, 4.7 cm: p=0.96) and 5/19 patients with tumors =2 cm had positive nodes. Grade was determined in 98% of patients (n=180). Low-grade tumors were present in 102 patients (56%) and intermediate grade tumors in 78 patients (42%). Earlier stage tumors were more likely to have low grade disease (% Low grade: <2 cm, 83%; =2 cm, 61%; mets, 28%: p <0.001). For all patients, tumor stage and grade were associated with survival (5-yr DSS: Stage: <2 cm, 100%; =2 cm, 90%; mets, 70%: p<0.001. Grade: Low, 98%; Intermediate, 70%: p<0.001). For patients with tumors =2 cm or with mets, grade was associated with survival within each sub-group (5-yr DSS =2 cm: Low 97% vs. Intermediate 80%: p<0.001, Mets: Low 93% vs. Intermediate 62%: p=0.05). Discussion: Stage and grade are important independent prognostic factors in patients with PENs. More accurate prognostic information can be provided by combining tumor size and metastases with simple grading information based on necrosis and mitotic rate. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Lin, Ju-Li, Jian-Xian Lin, Ping Li, Jian-Wei Xie, Jia-bin Wang, Jun Lu, Qi-Yue Chen, Long-long Cao, Chao-Hui Zheng, and Chang-Ming Huang. "The Impact of Surgery on Long-Term Survival of Patients with Primary Gastric Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A SEER Population-Based Study." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2019 (February 24, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9683298.
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Background. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the long-term survival of patients receiving conservative with surgical treatment to analyze the prognostic factors and the impact of surgery on oncological outcomes of patients with primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Methods. A total of 2647 patients diagnosed with primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma from 1998 to 2014 were extracted from SEER database. Propensity matching was performed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics of the two groups. Based on the recursive partitioning analysis, the patients were divided into three risk subgroups: low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk. Results. After propensity score matching, patient characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups. The 5-year cancer-specific survival rates of the surgical group and the conservative treatment group were, respectively, 60% and 59.2% (P=0.952) before propensity matching and 64.2% and 58.6% (P=0.046) after propensity matching. According to the multivariate analysis, age, tumor stage, and chemotherapy and surgery were independent risk factors for long-term survival. The 5-year cancer-specific survival rates differed significantly between the low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients (76.2% vs. 57.4% vs. 25.5%, respectively, P<0.001). The 5-year cancer-specific survival rate of the surgical group was significantly higher than that of the conservative treatment group in the low-risk patients. However, it did not differ significantly in the intermediate-risk and high-risk patients (P>0.05). Conclusions. A prognostic model was constructed based on the independent risk factors of age, tumor stage, and chemotherapy. The prognostic model indicated that low-risk patients (age<75 years, stage I/II, with/without chemotherapy) undergoing surgical treatment may benefit from long-term survival, while intermediate- and high-risk patients (age≥75 years, stage I/II, with/without chemotherapy or III/IV patients, with/without chemotherapy) gain no significant benefit from surgery.
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Falchook, Aaron David, Ramzi George Salloum, Laura H. Hendrix, and Ronald C. Chen. "Use of bone scans during initial prostate cancer (CaP) workup, downstream procedures, and associated Medicare costs." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 5040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.5040.
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5040 Background: Bone scans are not recommended in the routine workup for patients with apparent low and intermediate risk CaP. We quantified the use of bone scans in low and intermediate risk patients, uses of other imaging and procedures after the bone scan, and costs to Medicare. Methods: Patients in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database diagnosed with CaP from 2004 to 2007 were included. PSA, Gleason score and clinical T stage were used to define D’Amico risk categories. Patients with metastatic disease were included because the decision to order a staging bone scan for patients with apparent low and intermediate risk cancers occurs before knowledge about metastasis. We report use of bone scans from the date of diagnosis to the earlier of treatment or 12 months. In patients who received bone scans, we report use of X-ray, CT, MRI, and bone biopsy following bone scan to the earlier of treatment or 12 months. Cost was estimated using Medicare reimbursement rates. Results: 28% and 47% of patients with apparent low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer received a bone scan (Table); <1% of these patients were found to have metastatic disease after work-up. A high proportion of patients had other imaging studies or biopsies after bone scan. For low and intermediate risk patients, the combined cost to Medicare of bone scan, X-ray, and bone biopsy as part of initial workup is estimated at $11,000,000 per year. The cost from CT and MRI after bone scan costs Medicare approximately $15,400,000 per year. Conclusions: Overuse of bone scans is common in workup of apparent low and intermediate risk CaP, even with an almost 0% risk of metastatic disease. X-rays, bone biopsies, and perhaps additional scans such as CT and MRI may result from bone scan findings, which are mostly false positives for these patients. These unnecessary procedures are costly to Medicare. [Table: see text]