To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC).
Journal articles on the topic 'Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Baharuddin, Nurul Akidah, Andanastuti Muchtar, and Dedikarni Panuh. "Bilayered Electrolyte for Intermediate-Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A Review." Jurnal Kejuruteraan si1, no. 2 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2018-si1(2)-01.
Full textAbstract:
Fuel cell is an energy converter device that generates electricity through electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. An example of fuel cell is the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) which uses a ceramics based solid electrolyte. Due to the use of ceramics, SOFC normally operates at high temperatures up to 1000 °C. This high operating temperature makes SOFC known for its efficient energy conversion capability and excellent fuel flexibility. However, despite the advantages, the extreme temperatures limit the uses of SOFC. High operation temperature leads to long term operational issues in durability and cell degradation. Yttria stabilized zirconia, YSZ is a commonly used material for electrolyte in high temperature SOFCs. However, YSZ electrolyte is unable to perform well when the operating temperature is reduced to intermediate-low zones below 800 °C. Thus, development of new materials for SOFC components is needed whereby the production of electrolyte materials becomes one of the main scopes for research in intermediate-low temperature SOFCs. Apart from the synthesis of new materials, another approach in increasing the ionic conductivity of intermediate-low temperature SOFC is through the fabrication of a bilayered electrolyte. As such, this review article focuses on the potential of bilayered electrolyte for intermediate-low temperature SOFCs
2
Srisiriwat, Nawadee, and Chananchai Wutthithanyawat. "Heat Integration of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 922–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.922.
Full textAbstract:
As solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has operating temperatures ranging between 973 K for intermediate temperature operation and 1273 K for high temperature operation, an advantage of the hot exhaust gas from SOFC can be used to drive a fuel processor for hydrogen production. In this study, the heat integration of a SOFC integrated with ethanol steam reformer, which is very highly endothermic reaction needed the large amount of energy supply, has been performed to improve the efficiency of SOFC system. In the conceptual design for heat integration, the pinch analysis is used. Under 1200 K of SOFC operating temperature and 973 K of reformer temperature, the hot exhaust gas leaving the SOFC is sufficient for heating requirements for the heat exchanger network and for the additional electricity generation from gas turbine. An energy integrated SOFC system presents a total electricity generation from SOFC and GT of 818 kW of which 386 kW is required for air compressor so an overall electricity production and efficiency are 432 kW and 35.0%, respectively.
3
Wang, Yongqing, Bo An, Ke Wang, Yan Cao, and Fan Gao. "Identification of Restricting Parameters on Steps toward the Intermediate-Temperature Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." Energies 13, no. 23 (2020): 6404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236404.
Full textAbstract:
To identify critical parameters upon variable operational temperatures in a planar SOFC, an experimentally agreeable model was established. The significance of temperature effect on the performance of SOFC components was investigated, and the effect of activation energy during the development of intermediate electrode materials was evaluated. It is found the ionic conductivity of electrolytes is identified to be unavoidably concerned in the development of the intermediate-temperature SOFC. The drop of the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte decreases the overall current density 63% and 80% at temperatures reducing to 700 °C and 650 °C from 800 °C. However, there exists a critical value on the defined ratio between the electric resistance of the electrolyte in the overall internal resistance of SOFC, above which the further increase in the ionic conductivity would not significantly improve the performance. The lower the operational temperature, the higher critical ratio of the electrical resistance in the overall internal resistance of the cell. The minimal decrease in the activation energy during the development of intermediate electrode materials can significantly enhance the overall performance. Considering the development trend toward the intermediate temperature SOFC, advanced electrode material with the decreased activation energy should be primarily focused. The result provides a guidance reference for developing SOFC with the operational temperature toward the intermediate temperature.
4
Kumaran, Shri, Zuraida Awang Mat, Zulfirdaus Zakaria, Saiful Hasmady Abu Hassan, and Yap Boon Kar. "A Review on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Designs for Intermediate Temperatures." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 32, no. 1 (2020): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2020-32(1)-18.
Full textAbstract:
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has significant advantages of clean and quiet operation while providing a relatively high efficiency owing to enhanced reaction kinetics at high operating temperature. The high operating temperature of SOFC, typically around 800 – 1000°C helps to enable internal reforming of hydrocarbons and negate effects of impurities in small quantities in the fuel. However, this limits the application of SOFC only to stationary applications due to the long period needed to reach this temperature range. A high temperature operation is also not ideal in terms of cost reduction and long-term stability of the cell components. Hence, lowering the operating temperature of SOFC is crucial for reduction of cost production and commercialization, which enables SOFC to have a wider range of application areas inclusive of portable and mobile ones. Building a high-performance SOFC with small volume is essential as the underlying criteria for these small-scale portable applications. Therefore, careful design and fabrication methods of SOFC operating on intermediate temperatures with high power outputs need to be considered. The intermediate temperature operation of the fuel cell not only increases the overall lifespan of cell but also allows for longer operation with a lower degradation rate compared to high temperature operation. Furthermore, a modified intermediate temperature stack design can accommodate a wider range of applications compared to the tubular and planar stack designs. This paper reviews the development of SOFC stack designs aimed at intermediate temperature operation towards achieving high performance and the benefits of each design.
5
Nisar, Jamila, Gurpreet Kaur, Sarbjit Giddey, Suresh Bhargava, and Lathe Jones. "Cathode Materials for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Fuels 5, no. 4 (2024): 805–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fuels5040045.
Full textAbstract:
Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation provides numerous advantages such as high combined heat and power (CHP) efficiency, potentially long-term material stability, and the use of low-cost materials. However, due to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction at intermediate temperatures (500–700 °C), the cathode of SOFC requires an efficient and stable catalyst. Significant progress in the development of cathode materials has been made over recent years. In this article, multiple strategies for improving the performance of cathode materials have been extensively reviewed such as A- and B-site doping of perovskites, infiltration of catalytic active materials, the use of core-shell composites, etc. Emphasis has been given to intrinsic properties such as chemical and thermal stability and oxygen transport number. Furthermore, to avoid any insulating phase formation at the cathode/electrolyte interface, strategies for interfacial layer modifications have also been extensively reviewed and summarized. Based on major technical challenges, future research directions have been proposed for efficient and stable intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation.
6
Brett, D. J. L., P. Aguiar, N. P. Brandon, et al. "Project ABSOLUTE: A ZEBRA Battery/Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid for Automotive Applications." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, no. 3 (2006): 254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2205348.
Full textAbstract:
Project ABSOLUTE (advanced battery solid oxide fuel cell linked unit to maximize efficiency), aims to combine a sodium-nickel chloride battery and an intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) to form an all-electric hybrid package that surpasses the efficiency and performance of a purely fuel cell driven vehicle, as well as extending the range of a purely battery driven electric vehicle. This paper discusses the project background, the ABSOLUTE hybrid concept, the methodology adopted, the vehicle types and drive cycles that best suit the hybrid and system control considerations. Results from a battery and IT-SOFC system model are presented.
7
Adi, Subardi, Susanto Iwan, Kartikasari Ratna та ін. "An analysis of SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ double perovskite oxide for intermediate–temperature solid oxide fuel cells". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, № 12 (110) (2021): 6–14. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.226342.
Full textAbstract:
The main obstacle to solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) implementation is the high operating temperature in the range of 800–1,000 °C so that it has an impact on high costs. SOFCs work at high temperatures causing rapid breakdown between layers (anode, electrolyte, and cathode) because they have different thermal expansion. The study focused on reducing the operating temperature in the medium temperature range. SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O5+δ (SBSC) oxide was studied as a cathode material for IT-SOFCs based on Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (SDC) electrolyte. The SBSC powder was prepared using the solid-state reaction method with repeated ball-milling and calcining. Alumina grinding balls are used because they have a high hardness to crush and smooth the powder of SOFC material. The specimens were then tested as cathode material for SOFC at intermediate temperature (600–800 °C) using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), electrochemical, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern of SBSC powder can be indexed to a tetragonal space group (P4/mmm). The overall change in mass of the SBSC powder is 8 % at a temperature range of 125–800 °C. A sample of SBSC powder showed a high oxygen content (5+δ) that reached 5.92 and 5.41 at temperatures of 200 °C and 800 °C, respectively. High diffusion levels and increased surface activity of oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) can be affected by high oxygen content (5+δ). The polarization resistance (Rp) of samples sintered at 1000 °C is 4.02 Ωcm2 at 600 °C, 1.04 Ωcm2 at 700 °C, and 0.42 Ωcm2 at 800 °C. The power density of the SBSC cathode is 336.1, 387.3, and 357.4 mW/cm2 at temperatures of 625 °C, 650 °C, and 675 °C, respectively. The SBSC demonstrates as a prospective cathode material for IT-SOFC
8
Shao, Lin, Qi Wang, Lishuang Fan, Pengxiang Wang, Naiqing Zhang, and Kening Sun. "Copper cobalt spinel as a high performance cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells." Chemical Communications 52, no. 55 (2016): 8615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc03447k.
Full text
9
Rostika Noviyanti, Atiek, Iwan Hastiawan, Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy, Muhammad Berlian Adham, Arie Hardian, and Dani Gustaman Syarif. "Preparation and Conductivity Studies of La9.33Si6O26 (LSO) -Ce0.85Gd0.15O1.925 (CGO15) Composite Based Electrolyte for IT-SOFC." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 4 (2018): 2125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/3404053.
Full textAbstract:
Reducing a high-operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) to intermediate temperature SOFC (IT-SOFC, 500-750ºC) poses a great challenge in the sense of developing solid electrolyte at intermediate temperature range. In response to this, we report a novel composite La9.33Si6O26 (LSO) - Ce0.85Gd0.15O1.925 (CGO) in this study. The synthesis of LSO-CGO composite was carried out by combining LSO with CGO (9:1, 8:2, and 7:3 in weight ratio) using solid state reaction method. In order to get a dense pellet, all of the products were sintered at 1500°C for 3 h. The X-ray diffraction pattern of sintered pellets show typical patterns for both of LSO and CGO which indicate that the composite was successfully formed. The highest conductivity was detected in 7LSO-3CGO, i.e. 2.10×10-3 S cm-1 at 700 ○C and also has low activation energy (0.60 eV). This result suggests that the LSO-YSZ composites are good oxide ion conductors and may potentially be used as an alternative solid electrolyte in IT-SOFC technology.
10
Mohd Abdul Fatah, Ahmad Fuzamy, Muhamad Nazri Murat, and NoorAshrina A. Hamid. "Physiochemical and Electrochemical Properties of Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferum–Copper (II) Oxide Prepared via Solid State Reaction." Journal of Physical Science 33, no. 3 (2022): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jps2022.33.3.7.
Full textAbstract:
Lanthanum strontium cobalt ferum (LSCF) with addition of copper oxide (CuO) can serve as an alternate cathode material in Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC) due to its strong catalytic activity for oxygen reduction process at intermediate temperatures and great chemical compatibility. This study was done to determine the viability of LSCF–CuO composite as a material for the IT-SOFC cathode. The cathode powder was synthesised using the conventional solid-state process at intermediate temperatures range (600ºC–900ºC). The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that when LSCF was calcined at temperatures over 600ºC, the weight loss curve flattened. In the meantime, x-ray diffraction revealed that the perovskite structure of LSCF-CuO was completely formed after calcined at 800ºC. Moreover, the Brunauer– Emmett–Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscope investigations demonstrated that as the calcination temperature rose, the LSCF–CuO particles tended to grow. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigation revealed polarisation resistance of samples calcined at 800ºC (0.41 Ωcm2) was significantly lower than that of samples calcined at 600ºC (29.57 Ωcm2). Judging from chemical, physical and electrochemical properties, it is evidence that LSCF-CuO prepared via simple solid-state reaction has a potential to be used as cathode material for IT-SOFC.
11
Mat, Zuraida Awang, Yap Boon Kar, Tan Chou Yong, and Saiful Hasmady Abu Hassan. "A Short Review of Material Combination in Bilayer Electrolyte of IT-SOFC." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (2018): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22901.
Full textAbstract:
The technology of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is attractive as it is considered as one of promising clean energy due to its efficiency and clean production of electricity. However, high operating temperature of SOFC are main issue in range of applications such as in transportation and portable equipment. One of many goals of SOFC is to lower the operating temperature. Bi-layer electrolyte has become one of the solution in order to reduce the high operating temperature. This review article provides the preliminary information of bi-layer electrolyte in order to achieve high performance at intermediate temperature.
12
Rahman, I. Z., M. A. Raza, and M. A. Rahman. "Perovskite Based Anode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application: A Review." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.497.
Full textAbstract:
Perovskites have gained attraction as electrode and interconnect materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) due to their catalytic, ionic and electrical conductivities, chemical and thermal stabilities at higher temperatures. The operation and efficiency of SOFC depends mainly on the electrodes. Each electrode, anode and cathode, has demanding materials selection criteria. State of the art nickel-yittria stabilized zirconia cermet anodes are unable to work efficiently with hydrocarbon fuels and at intermediate operating temperature range (600-800°C). Hence, there is an increasing demand for the development of alternate anode materials to improve the fuel flexibility and efficiency of SOFCs. Perovskite based materials have oxygen ion vacancies depending on composition, temperature, and surrounding crystalline environment that impart mixed ionic and electronic conductivities to them. Since perovskite can accommodate all the elements in the periodic table they can offer excellent catalytic properties. The report is about the present status of perovskites based anode materials for SOFC application.
13
Yuan, Jinliang, and Bengt Sundén. "Analysis of Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Transport Processes and Performance." Journal of Heat Transfer 127, no. 12 (2005): 1380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2098847.
Full textAbstract:
A new trend in recent years is to reduce the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operating temperature to an intermediate range by employing either a thin electrolyte, or new materials for the electrolyte and electrodes. In this paper, a numerical investigation is presented with focus on modeling and analysis of transport processes in planar intermediate temperature (IT, between 600 and 800°C) SOFCs. Various transport phenomena occurring in an anode duct of an ITSOFC have been analyzed by a fully three-dimensional calculation method. In addition, a general model to evaluate the stack performance has been developed for the purpose of optimal design and/or configuration based on specified electrical power or fuel supply rate.
14
Nur Nadhihah Mohd Tahir, Nurul Akidah Baharuddin, Mahendra Rao Somalu, Andanastuti Muchtar, Abdullah Abd Samat, and Lai Jian Wei. "Comparative Analysis of LiCo0.6Sr0.4O2 Cathode Electrochemical Performance in Oxide- and Proton-Conducting Intermediate-Temperature Solid Fuel Oxide Cells." Journal of Advanced Research in Micro and Nano Engieering 15, no. 1 (2024): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/armne.15.1.2230.
Full textAbstract:
Solid fuel oxide cells (SOFCs) are made up of three main parts: anode, electrolyte, and cathode. The main challenge in SOFCs is their high operating temperature, which can reach 1000 °C and lead to cell degradation issues. To address this, the utilization of lithium-based materials is suggested for the cathode component, facilitating intermediate-temperature SOFC operation within the temperature range of 500 to 800 °C. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of producing high-quality lithium-based cathode ink using a triple-roll mill (TRM). By employing the fabrication parameters recommended in these studies, the lithium-based cathode (LCSO) was tested in different working environments, specifically the oxide-conducting SOFC and proton-conducting SOFC. The LCSO inks were screen-printed on SDC for oxide-conducting SOFC and BCZY for proton-conducting SOFC electrolyte before the analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to characterize the electrochemical performance and morphology of the LCSO cathode. Based on the results, the LCSO cathode is found to respond well in oxide-conducting SOFC environment with an area-specific resistance (ASR) value of 0.75 ohms-cm2 compared to proton-conducting SOFC which shows an ASR value higher by 11.45 ohms-cm2.
15
Thaheem, Imdadullah, Kyeong Joon Kim, Jong Jun Lee, Dong Woo Joh, Incheol Jeong, and Kang Taek Lee. "High performance Mn1.3Co1.3Cu0.4O4 spinel based composite cathodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 34 (2019): 19696–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta07069a.
Full textAbstract:
Herein, we developed a Mn<sub>1.3</sub>Co<sub>1.3</sub>Cu<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (MCCO) spinel for use as a new ORR catalyst for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications.
16
Xue, Liangmei, Songbo Li, Shengli An, Ning Li, Huipu Ma, and Mengxin Li. "Preparation and Properties of Fe-Based Double Perovskite Oxide as Cathode Material for Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." Molecules 29, no. 22 (2024): 5299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225299.
Full textAbstract:
Double perovskite oxides with mixed ionic and electronic conductors (MIECs) have been widely investigated as cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Classical Fe-based double perovskites, due to their inherent low electronic and oxygen ionic conductivity, usually exhibit poor electrocatalytic activity. The existence of various valence states of B-site ions modifies the material’s catalytic activity, indicating the possibility of the partial substitution of Fe by higher-valence ions. LaBaFe2−xMoxO5+δ (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1, LBFMx) is used as intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) cathode materials. At a doping concentration above 0.1, the Mo substitution enhanced the cell volume, and the lattice expansion caused the formation of the impurity phase, BaMoO4. Compared with the parent material, Mo doping can regulate the oxygen vacancy concentration and accelerate the oxygen reduction reaction process to improve the electrochemical performance, as well as having a suitable coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent electrode stability. LaBaFe1.9Mo0.1O5+δ is a promising cathode material for IT-SOFC, which shows an excellent electrochemical performance, with this being demonstrated by having the lowest polarization resistance value of 0.017 Ω·cm2 at 800 °C, and the peak power density (PPD) of anode-supported single-cell LBFM0.1|CGO|NiO+CGO reaching 599 mW·cm−2.
17
Ávila, A., J. Poveda, D. Gómez, D. Hotza, and J. Escobar. "Characterization of SOFCS: A Crystallographic Analysis and First Steps towards an Impedance Spectroscopy Approach." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.769.
Full textAbstract:
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have emerged as an efficient way to transform chemical energy into electrical energy. However, a major disadvantage of this technology is related to the high temperatures required for SOFC operation. In this way, new materials are necessary to maintain the electrical properties of the cell at intermediate temperatures. Based on these ideas, it is necessary to study both the structural variation of the cells components at different temperatures and their electrochemical behavior. In this work, a crystallographic characterization is presented, which was performed in a commercial SOFC cell using X-ray diffraction (XRD). An equivalent linear electrical model to predict SOFC losses is developed as well. Keywords: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs); AC impedance; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS); Equivalent circuit models.
18
Sadykov, Vladislav A., Vitaliy S. Muzykantov, Nikita F. Yeremeev, et al. "Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes: Importance of Chemical Composition and Morphology." Catalysis for Sustainable Energy 2, no. 1 (2015): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cse-2015-0004.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe main aspects of the cathode materials morphology for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IT SOFC) are considered in this paper. The approaches for estimation of their basic properties, e.g. oxygen mobility and surface reactivity, are described and the results of different techniques (e.g. weight and conductivity relaxation, oxygen isotope exchange) application for studies of powders and dense ceramic materials are compared. The Ruddlesden-Popper type phases (e.g. Pr2NiO4) provide enhanced oxygen mobility due to cooperative mechanism of oxygen interstitial migration. For perovskites, the oxygen mobility is increased by doping, which generates oxygen vacancies or decreases metal-oxygen bond strength. Nonadditive increasing of the oxygen diffusion coefficients found that for perovskite-fluorite nanocomposites, it can be explained by the fast oxygen migration along perovskitefluorite interfaces. Functionally graded nanocomposite cathodes provide the highest power density, the lowest area specific polarization resistance, and the best stability to degradation caused by the surface layer carbonization/ hydroxylation, thus being the most promising for thin film IT SOFC design.
19
Yusupandi, Fauzi, Hary Devianto, Pramujo Widiatmoko, et al. "Performance Evaluation of An Electrolyte-Supported Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC) with Low-Cost Materials." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 11, no. 4 (2022): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.46735.
Full textAbstract:
Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) provides economic and technical advantages over the conventional SOFC because of the wider material use, lower fabrication cost and longer lifetime of the cell components. In this work, we fabricated electrolyte-supported IT-SOFC using low-cost materials such as calcia-stabilized zirconia (CSZ) electrolyte fabricated by dry-pressing, NiO-CSZ anode and Ca3Co1.9Zn0.1O6 (CCZO) cathode produced through brush coating technique. According to the XRD result, the monoclinic phase dominated over the cubic phase, and the relative density of the electrolyte was low but the hardness of the CSZ electrolyte was close to the hardness of commercial 8YSZ electrolyte. The performance of the single cell was performed with hydrogen ambient air. An open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.43, 0.46, and 0.45 V and a maximum power density of 0.14, 0.50, and 1.00 mW/cm2 were achieved at the operating temperature of 600, 700, and 800 °C, respectively. The ohmic resistance of the cell at 700 and 800 °C achieved 81.5 and 33.00 Ω, respectively due to the contribution of thick electrolyte and Cr poisoning in electrodes and electrolyte
20
Park, Kwang-Jin, and Joong-Myeon Bae. "Performance Behavior by H2and CO as a Fuel in Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC)." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 32, no. 12 (2008): 963–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2008.32.12.963.
Full text
21
Kang Huai, Tan, Mohammad Saifulddin Mohd Azami, Hamimah Abd Rahman, et al. "Optimization analysis of solid oxide fuel cells with ceria-based single cells using computational fluid dynamics." E3S Web of Conferences 516 (2024): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451601010.
Full textAbstract:
The SOFC simulations in this research are conducted at temperatures of 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C, focusing on the Ni-SDC anode, SDC electrolyte, and LSCF-SDC materials used in the SOFC single cell. Initially, the single-cell model is created using CAD software, followed by the development of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with the requisite material properties. The study then proceeds to simulate temperature distribution and cell performance for various supported SOFC stack models (electrode and electrolyte supported) at intermediate temperatures. Subsequently, the study examines cell performance with varying thicknesses of the anode, electrolyte, and cathode components within the specific supported single cell. In summary, the CFD results indicate that cathode-supported SOFCs exhibit higher power density, specifically 938.28 mW/cm2 at 800°C, surpassing anode-supported and electrolyte-supported configurations. The power density reaches 1495.40 mW/cm2 when the single-cell layer thickness is 0.35 mm for the cathode, 0.02 mm for the anode, and 0.01 mm for the electrolyte. However, electrolyte-supported single cells display the lowest temperature difference, at 0.028% at 800oC The simulation results demonstrate that reducing the thicknesses of all electrodes and the electrolyte leads to increased current density, power density, and temperature distribution difference.
22
Solovyev, Andrey A., Anastasya N. Kovalchuk, Igor V. Ionov, S. V. Rabotkin, Anna V. Shipilova, and Dmitry N. Terentev. "Deposition of a Thin-Film CGO Electrolyte for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Key Engineering Materials 685 (February 2016): 776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.685.776.
Full textAbstract:
Reducing the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) from 800-1000°C is one of the main SOFC research goals. It can be achieved by lowering the thickness of an electrolyte (ZrO2:Y2O3 (YSZ) is widely used as electrolyte material). On the other hand the problem can be solved by using of another electrolyte material with high ionic conductivity at intermediate temperatures. Therefore the present study deals with magnetron sputtering of ceria gadolinium oxide (CGO), which has a higher conductivity compared to YSZ. The microstructure of CGO layers deposited on porous NiO/YSZ substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering of Ce:Gd cathode is investigated. Current voltage characteristics (CVC) of a fuel cell with NiO/YSZ anode, CGO electrolyte and LSCF/CGO cathode were obtained. It was shown that the power density of a fuel cell with CGO electrolyte weakly depends on the operating temperature in the range of 650-750°C in contradistinction to YSZ electrolyte, and is about 600-650 mW/cm2.
23
Murizam, Darus, N. M. N. Azira, Muhammad Asri Idris, and Nur Farhana Mohd Yunos. "Near Surface Studies on the Role of Graphene Oxide in the Carbon Species Activities in IT-SOFC Cathode Materials." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.321.
Full textAbstract:
Active roles of carbon species in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathode was simulated by adding graphene oxide (GO) into Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.2Fe0.8 (BSCF) materials prepared by sol-gel method. The mixture was heated up to intermediate temperature SOFC range (650 - 850°C) for a period of 5 hours. A depth-profiling measurement by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was carried out to analyse the carbon species activities at near surface of BSCF cathode. A depth-profiling analysis indicated that the graphene oxide bond components are retained under the cathode surface and does not affected the formation of carbonate phases in BSCF cathode.
24
KULKA, ANDRZEJ, YANG HU, GUILHEM DEZANNEAU та JANINA MOLENDA. "INVESTIGATION OF GdBaCo2-xFexO5.5-δ AS A CATHODE MATERIAL FOR INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS". Functional Materials Letters 04, № 02 (2011): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604711001737.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, we present an evaluation of the layered perovskite materials with chemical composition GdBaCo 2-x Fe x O 5.5-δ (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6) as a cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). We first present results concerning their crystal structure and oxygen nonstoichiometry, and then give results concerning their electrical conductivity and performance in button-type SOFCs.
25
Bae, J., H. Jee, J. Kim, and Yung Sung Yoo. "Short Stack Performance of Intermediate Temperature - Operating Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Hydrocarbon Fuel Processor." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1338.
Full textAbstract:
For intermediate temperature operation, we chose an anode-supported, planar type SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) design considering mass production with use ferritic stainless steels as cost-effective interconnects. Anode-supported single cells with thin electrolyte layer of YSZ(Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) were fabricated and short stacks were built and evaluated. We also developed diesel and methane autothermal reforming(ATR) reactors in order to provide fuels to SOFC stacks. Influences of the H2O/C(steam to carbon ratio), O2/C(oxygen to carbon ratio) and GHSV(Gas Hourly Space Velocity) on performances of stacks have been investigated. Performance of the stack operated with a diesel reformer was lower than with using hydrogen as a fuel due to lower Nernst voltage and carbon formation at anode side. The stack operated with a natural gas reformer showed similar performances as with using hydrogen. Effects of various reformer parameters such as H2O/C and O2/C were carefully investigated. We found O2/C is a sensitive parameter to control stack performance.
26
Musa, Abdullatif, Ramadan Arfa, and Adel Agina. "Optimal Operating Point of a Hydrogen Fueled SOFC Models Using Al-Nour Softare." Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 5, no. 2 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v5i2.59.
Full textAbstract:
The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is considered extremely suitable for electrical power plant application. Both high temperature (HT) and intermediate temperature (IT) SOFC performances are investigated using models which are built-in Aspen customer modellers. Moreover, this paper introduces a new simulation software, called Al-Nour V.1.0-2012 software application. The interface of Al-Nour V.1.0-2012 software was mainly implemented based on the educational theory of User’s Split Attention, that is; the entire software works with only one screen for all operations without any scrolling (user-friendly interface). This application reflects the fact that Al-Nour software does not require the user to have any previous training. The performance of HT-SOFC and IT-SOFC models is evaluated and compared using both software applications.The simulation results show that the cell voltage value increases by raising the operating pressure, operating temperature, and hydrogen partial pressure. The electrical power output value from the SOFC is increased simultaneously by increasing the current density. Furthermore, the IT-SOFC has a higher cell voltage than the HT-SOFC.
27
Malik, Yoga Trianzar, Atiek Rostika Noviyanti, and Dani Gustaman Syarif. "Lowered Sintering Temperature on Synthesis of La9.33Si6O26 (LSO) – La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.55 (LSGM) Electrolyte Composite and the Electrical Performance on La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCM) Cathode." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 21, no. 4 (2018): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.21.4.205-210.
Full textAbstract:
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is the device that can convert chemical energy into electricity with highest efficiency among other fuel cell. La9.33Si6O26 (LSO) is the potential electrolyte at intermediate operation temperature SOFC. Low ionic conductivity of lanthanum silicate-based electrolyte will lead into bad electrical performance on lanthanum manganite-based anode. In this study, LSO was combine with La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.55 (LSGM) electrolyte by using conventional solid state reaction to enhance the electrical performance of LSO on LCM cathode. However, pre-requisite high sintering temperature on preparation of LSO-LSGM composite will lead into phase transition phase of LSGM that may affect in decreasing the electrical performance. This study resulted that lowered sintering temperature from its ideal temperature still give an improved electrical performance of LCM/LSO-LSGM/LCM symmetrical cell. The ASR value is 0.14 Ω.cm2 which much lower than its analogous symmetrical cell, LSM/LSO/LSM that was reported before.
28
Widiatmoko, P., H. Devianto, I. Nurdin, F. Yusupandi, Kevino, and E. N. Ovani. "Fabrication and characterization of Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC) single cell using Indonesia’s resources." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 550 (August 23, 2019): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/550/1/012001.
Full text
29
Yugami, Hiroo, Hisashi Kato, and Fumitada Iguchi. "Protonic SOFCs Using Perovskite-Type Conductors." Advances in Science and Technology 95 (October 2014): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.95.66.
Full textAbstract:
High temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have high efficiency and low emissions and contribute to the saving of the fossil fuel and the decreasing of the CO2 emission bringing about the global warning. As concerned about the development of electrolytes, oxide-ion conductors alternative to yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) such as doped CeO2, Sc-SZ and perovskite-type oxides (LaGaO3) etc. have been reported to apply to the intermediate temperature SOFCs (IT-SOFCs).Some of perovskite-type oxides shows high proton conductivity at high temperature and are expected to the electrolyte materials for IT-SOFCs. In this paper we have investigated review the mixed electrical conductivity and the optical absorption spectrum of OH(D)-vibration of LaScO3.We also evaluated its applicability to the electrolyte material for IT-SOFCs by testing the SOFC performance of Pt/LaScO3/Pt single cell configuration.
30
Serra, José M., and Hans-Peter Buchkremer. "On the nanostructuring and catalytic promotion of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) cathodes." Journal of Power Sources 172, no. 2 (2007): 768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.05.018.
Full text
31
Agun, Linda, Hamimah Abd Rahman, Sufizar Ahmad, and Andanastuti Muchtar. "Durability and Stability of LSCF Composite Cathode for Intermediate-Low Temperature of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-LT SOFC): Short Review." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 732–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.732.
Full textAbstract:
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is well known as power and heat generation device which converts chemical energy directly from fuel into electricity. SOFC operate at high temperature becomes obstacle for SOFC which reducing ionic conductivity material of current electrolyte, reduce lifetime of cell components, high fabrication cost, limited durability and performance issues. This introduce to environment pollution and decrease the SOFC lifetime. The fabrication of durability and stability composite cathode are comprised from mixing of perovskite La0.6Sr0.4CO0.2Fe0.8(LSCF) powders with nanoscale ionically conducting ceramic electrolyte materials, SDC-carbonate (SDCc) was overcome this problems. Powder preparation and composite cathode fabrication must consider which as main factors in the development of durability and stability of LSCF-SDCc composite cathode. Powders must in nanoscale to enhance the conductivity and decrease the interfacial polarization resistance and the composite cathode should in nanoporous morphology for achieve high power density over than 500 h and remarkable durability. Calcination also plays in important role and its operations will effects to the SOFC durability and performance. The necessary to prolong the lifetime and increase the SOFC performance has lead to development of durability and stability of SOFC. This paper reviews the durability and stability of the composite cathode and focus on the challenges in material technology.
32
An, Chung Min, Yong Wook Sin, Jiun Yoon, and Nigel Sammes. "Fabrication of an Intermediate-Temperature Anode-Supported Planar SOFC Via Tape Casting and Lamination." Advances in Science and Technology 72 (October 2010): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.72.237.
Full textAbstract:
Many physical and chemical problems in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are induced by the operating temperature of approximately 800 ~ 1000°C. The focus of the research in SOFC’s is, thus, on running the systems at the intermediate operating temperature range below 800 °C. A way to achieve this includes changing the electrolyte material in order to get a good ionic conductivity in the intermediate temperature range below 800 °C. In this work, gadolinium doped ceria is selected as the electrolyte, which was mixed with NiO for the anode material, and tape cast and laminated to produce a novel graded IT-SOFC . The cross-section of the SOFC cell was observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showing a dense electrolyte layer. The operating temperature to test the cell was 500 and 550 °C. The electrochemical properties of the cell were measured using impedance spectroscopy. The ASR of unit cells was found to be between 2.67 and 4.62 Ω∙cm2. The electrochemical performance is discussed under the effect of porosity gradients at 500 and 550 °C.
33
Honegger, K. "Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) for Intermediate Temperature Operation (700°C)." ECS Proceedings Volumes 1997-40, no. 1 (1997): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/199740.0321pv.
Full text
34
Ishihara, Tatsumi. "(High Temperature Materials Division Outstanding Achievement Award) Development of Novel Ion Conducting Materials for Use as Electrolytes and Electrodes in Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 48 (2024): 3365. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02483365mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
Oxide ion conductor is an important functional material in energy conversion and sensing area. In this presentation, development of new oxide ion conducting materials and their application in high temperature electrochemical cells such as the intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (it-SOFCs) as well as electrolysis cell will be presented. In particular, in 1994, the high oxide ion conductivity in the perovskite structured material La1-xSrxGa1-yMgyO3 (LSGM) was fist time found in our group. LSGM is the first case of a pure oxide ion conducting perovskite oxide and now considered as a viable alternative to Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 as an electrolyte for the intermediate temperature-SOFC. Not only high ion conductivity but also making thin film are important for achieving the superior electrochemical performance of solid oxide cells. In order to obtain a thin film of LSGM, several processing methods including pulsed laser deposition and conventional wet processing were tried. This resulted in an SOFC with an extremely high power density (3.3W/cm2 at 973K) opening the possibility of intermediate temperature operation at 873K. In addition, a solid oxide cell using an LSGM thin film electrolyte can be used for intermediate temperature (ca.873K) electrolysis and that a reasonable current density (>1A/cm2 at 1.6V) can be achieved at 873K. Preparation of microtubular cell using LSGM film with slurry coat method. In addition to the development of new oxide ion conducting electrolyte materials, highly active cathode and anode materials are also critical for the development of high performance it-SOFCs. In this talk, the development of new electrode materials was also introduced. Examples of the new cathode materials, the perovskite related oxides Pr2NiO4 and Ba(La)CoO3 and, for the anode, Ni-Fe based alloys will be introduced. The surface chemistry of these materials was also analyzed by using the advanced ion beam techniques, i.e., Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) and Low Energy Ion Scattering (LEIS). These unique studies showed that three dimensional tensile lattice strain can be successfully introduced by a dispersion of nano size metal particles, mainly, Au, onto the grains of ceramic Pr2NiO4. The resulting tensile strain induces increased oxygen diffusivity and surface activity to oxygen dissociation, providing a new paradigm for the design of the oxygen electrode for solid oxide cells. Using this knowledge, SOFCs with several different designs such as planar, tubular, and metal support cells, which always exhibited the high power densities suitable for commercialization. In particular, cycle stability of SOFC/SOEC was much increased on LSGM/Ni-YSZ tubular cells by infiltration of CeO2 nanoparticles. Figure 1 shows I-V curves of CeO2 infiltrated Ni-YSZ substrate in SOFC mode using LSGM film. It was found that the infiltration of higher concentration of Ce solution increased the maximum power density, because both IR loss and overpotential were significantly decreased. The maximum power density of the cell was 0.95 and 0.42 W cm-2 at 873 and 773 K, respectively at 3 M Ce nitrate infiltrated. The long-term stability of the cell was also measured by using the cell infiltrated with 1.5 M Ce, the stable power generation performance was demonstrated. The steam electrolysis performance of the cell using Ce infiltration was further studied and it was found that Ce also contributes to higher current density in SOEC operation and 1.07 A cm-2 at 1.6 V was achieved at 873 K using 2 M Ce infiltration. In this talk, development of solid oxide cells using LSGM will be introduced from materials to application. Figure 1 I-V, I-P curves of the SOFC cell using LSGM film deposited on Ce infiltrated Ni-YSZ tubular substrate. Figure 1
35
Chen, Yunru, Tao Yu, Jiang Jin та Hua Zhang. "Triple Perovskite Nd1.5Ba1.5CoFeMnO9−δ-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 Composite as Cathodes for the Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells". Materials 15, № 10 (2022): 3663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103663.
Full textAbstract:
Triple perovskite has been recently developed for the intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). The performance of Nd1.5Ba1.5CoFeMnO9−δ (NBCFM) cathodes for IT-SOFC is investigated in this work. The interfacial polarization resistance (RP) of NBCFM is 1.1273 Ω cm2~0.1587 Ω cm2 in the range of 700–800 °C, showing good electrochemical performance. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of NBCFM is 17.40 × 10−6 K−1 at 40–800 °C, which is significantly higher than that of the electrolyte. In order to further improve the electrochemical performance and reduce the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of NBCFM, Ce0.8Sm0.2O2−δ (SDC) is mixed with NBCFM to prepare an NBCFM-xSDC composite cathode (x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 wt.%). The thermal expansion coefficient decreases monotonically from 17.40 × 10−6 K−1 to 15.25 × 10−6 K−1. The surface oxygen exchange coefficient of NBCFM-xSDC at a given temperature increases from 10−4 to 10−3 cm s−1 over the po2 range from 0.01 to 0.09 atm, exhibiting fast surface exchange kinetics. The area specific resistance (ASR) of NBCFM-30%SDC is 0.06575 Ω cm2 at 800 °C, which is only 41% of the ASR value of NBCFM (0.15872 Ω cm2). The outstanding performance indicates the feasibility of NBCFM-30% SDC as an IT-SOFC cathode material. This study provides a promising strategy for designing high-performance composite cathodes for SOFCs based on triple perovskite structures.
36
de Sousa, Cláwsio Rogério Cruz, Wilson Acchar, Herval Ramos Paes, and José Flávio Timoteo. "Evaluation of the Thermomechanical Behavior of Metallic Interconnectors Coated with a Film of La0,8Ca0,2CrO3 of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)." Materials Science Forum 820 (June 2015): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.820.244.
Full textAbstract:
Doped lanthanum chromite has been the most common material used as interconnectors in solid oxide (SOFC) fuel cell, allowing for the stacking of the SOFC. Reducing the operating temperature, to around 800°C, the cells of solid oxide fuel have made the use of metal interconnectors possible as an alternative to ceramic LaCrO3. From the practical point of view for the material to be a strong candidate as an interconnector, it must have good physical and mechanical properties, such as resistance to oxidizing environments and reducers, facility to manufacture, and adequate thermomechanical properties. In this work, a study was conducted on the thermomechanical properties of metallic interconnectors (AISI 444) covered with La0,8Ca0,2CrO3 by way of deposition technique for pyrolysis spray for the intermediate temperature (IT-SOFC) fuel cell. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), oxidative test, flexural strength at room temperature and at 900°C, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The evaluation of the phases formed on metallic interconnectors coated with La0,8Ca0,2CrO3 on both the deposition and after oxidative assay was performed by XRD. The oxidative behavior showed increased resistance to oxidation of the metal substrate covered by La0,8Ca0,2CrO3. In the flexural strength of the coated metal substrate, it was noted only in the increasing temperature. With the aid of SEM, the formation of layers of Cr2O3 and (Cr, Mn)3O4 on the metallic substrate was seen, and confirmed stability of La0,8Ca0,2CrO3 ceramic film after oxidative test.
37
Burnwal, Suman Kumar, S. Bharadwaj, and P. Kistaiah. "Review on MIEC Cathode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials 04, no. 02 (2016): 1630001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251237316300011.
Full textAbstract:
The cathode is one of the most important components of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The reduction of oxygen at the cathode (traditional cathodes like LSM, LSGM, etc.) is the slow step in the cell reaction at intermediate temperature (600–800[Formula: see text]C) which is one of the key obstacles to the development of SOFCs. The mixed ionic and electronic conducting cathode (MIEC) like LSCF, BSCF, etc., has recently been proposed as a promising cathode material for SOFC due to the improvement of the kinetic of the cathode reaction. The MIEC materials provide not only the electrons for the reduction of oxygen, but also the ionic conduction required to ensure the transport of the formed oxygen ions and thereby improves the overall electrochemical performance of SOFC system. The characteristics of MIEC cathode materials and its comparison with other traditional cathode materials is studied and presented in the paper.
38
Lai, Hsin-Yi, Yi-Ting Li, and Yen-Hsin Chan. "Efficiency Enhancement on Hybrid Power System Composed of Irreversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Stirling Engine by Finite Time Thermodynamics." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041037.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents the work for efficiency enhancement on a hybrid power system with an irreversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Stirling Engine (SE) for various system design using the approach of finite-time thermodynamics. The SOFC-based cogeneration system was integrated with an SE and several heat components. The effects of design configurations using various interface components on system performance were investigated. By analyzing the SE with finite-time thermodynamics and considering multiple irreversible factors of output power given by the SOFC, the efficiency of the calculation can be more practical and accurate. In this study, the working efficiency of the proposed hybrid system was enhanced by 16.37% compared to that of the conventional system at an intermediate temperature of 873 K. The design approach proposed herein is considered an essential package for building highly efficient power systems working in the intermediate temperature range.
39
Fallah Vostakola, Mohsen, and Bahman Amini Horri. "Progress in Material Development for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: A Review." Energies 14, no. 5 (2021): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051280.
Full textAbstract:
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been considered as promising candidates to tackle the need for sustainable and efficient energy conversion devices. However, the current operating temperature of SOFCs poses critical challenges relating to the costs of fabrication and materials selection. To overcome these issues, many attempts have been made by the SOFC research and manufacturing communities for lowering the operating temperature to intermediate ranges (600–800 °C) and even lower temperatures (below 600 °C). Despite the interesting success and technical advantages obtained with the low-temperature SOFC, on the other hand, the cell operation at low temperature could noticeably increase the electrolyte ohmic loss and the polarization losses of the electrode that cause a decrease in the overall cell performance and energy conversion efficiency. In addition, the electrolyte ionic conductivity exponentially decreases with a decrease in operating temperature based on the Arrhenius conduction equation for semiconductors. To address these challenges, a variety of materials and fabrication methods have been developed in the past few years which are the subject of this critical review. Therefore, this paper focuses on the recent advances in the development of new low-temperature SOFCs materials, especially low-temperature electrolytes and electrodes with improved electrochemical properties, as well as summarizing the matching current collectors and sealants for the low-temperature region. Different strategies for improving the cell efficiency, the impact of operating variables on the performance of SOFCs, and the available choice of stack designs, as well as the costing factors, operational limits, and performance prospects, have been briefly summarized in this work.
40
Grassi, Joaquín, Mario A. Macías, Juan F. Basbus та ін. "Synthesis and Characterization of High Temperature Properties of YBa2Cu3O6+δ Superconductor as Potential Cathode for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells". Journal of Material Science and Technology Research 8 (30 листопада 2021): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31875/2410-4701.2021.08.10.
Full textAbstract:
YBa2Cu3O6+δ (YBC) oxygen deficient perovskite was synthesized by an auto-combustion method and was studied as potential cathode for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC). Synchrotron X-ray thermodiffraction in air shows a phase transition from orthorhombic Pmmm to tetragonal P4/mmm space groups at ~ 425 °C. The chemical compatibility with Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC) electrolyte was investigated in air where certain reactivity was observed above 800 °C. However, the main phase is Ba(Ce1-xYx)O3, a good ionic conductor. The catalytic performance in air was obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements on YBC/GDC/YBC symmetrical cells. The area specific resistance (ASR) values change from 13.66 to 0.14 Ω cm2 between 500 and 800 °C, with activation energy (Ea) of 0.41 eV. The results suggest potential applications of YBC as IT-SOFC cathode.
41
Mohd Abd Fatah, Ahmad Fuzamy, and Noorashrina A. Hamid. "Physical and chemical properties of LSCF-CuO as potential cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC)." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14, no. 3 (2018): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n3.1220.
Full textAbstract:
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are efficient yet environmentally benign devices that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy and heat for large scale of applications. However, higher operating temperature of this device limits the selection of proper materials to be used as electrode and electrolyte as well as sacrifices the durability. Thus, it is desirable to develop materials with superior electrochemical performance at intermediate temperature (600-900 oC) for SOFC. LaSrCoFeO3 (LSCF) doped with CuO is an attracting yet promising cathode material for IT-SOFC owing to the distinguish properties including high electrical conductivity and high catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. This work investigates the influence of the synthesis route which are sloid state route and sol-gel route towards chemical and physical properties of composite LSCF-CuO. The samples were synthesized at different temperature ranging from 600 oC to 900 oC for each route respectively. XRD results showed high purity of as-synthesized samples while in the meantime increased in crystallinity has been observed as increased in calcining temperature indicating bigger crystal size after calcined at 900 oC. SEM images showed LSCF-CuO particles tends to expand as the calcining temperature increased. Meanwhile, from TGA results it is clear to conclude that LSCF-CuO loss its weight significantly after calcined at designed temperature.
42
Ma, Xinqing, Jinxiang Dai, Heng Zhang, Jeff Roth, T. Danny Xiao, and David E. Reisner. "Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Development by Using Novel Plasma Spray Techniques." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 2, no. 3 (2005): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1928928.
Full textAbstract:
Two plasma spray techniques have been developed to produce membrane-type solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) units with the advantages of consecutive integrated cell fabrication, high efficiency, good cost effectiveness and microstructure tailoring capability. The atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) processes have demonstrated their capabilities to produce dense electrolyte layers as well as porous electrode layers that are designed particularly for intermediate temperature SOFCs. With a universal plasma spray system, the integrated fabrication of a dense La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3 electrolyte, a porous La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 cathode and a porous Ni+yttrium stabilized zirconia anode was produced using an optimal APS route. SPPS process has demonstrated more flexibility in materials, microstructures, porosities and overall thickness, and has been used successfully to produce a thin 40mol%La2O3-doped CeO2 (LDC40) interlayer (∼5μm) and a high-porosity Ni+LDC40 anode layer, respectively. In this work we will present the deposition of a variety of electrolyte and electrode layers applied by air plasma spraying or solution precursor plasma spraying. The merits of the two techniques, microstructures of the electrolyte and electrode layers, and performances of the single SOFC units have been evaluated and summarized.
43
Ninwijit, Thitirat, Arkom Palamnit, Montri Luengchavanon, et al. "Analysis of electric signals from micro-solid oxide fuel cell sensors detecting methane biogas." BioResources 17, no. 1 (2021): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.1.281-298.
Full textAbstract:
Micro-solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) sensors prepared via depositing a thin film BYCF (10 wt% [Ba0.95FeY0.05O2.8] + 90 wt% [Co2O3]) – GDC20 (Gd0.20Ce0.80O1.95) cathode and NiO-GDC20 (Gd0.20Ce0.80O1.95) anode on a GDC20 electrolyte layer were operated at 800 °C. The structure, which receives only biogas, was formed into 15-mm pellets with only one side for detecting methane (CH4). The detection of 40% to 99.99% CH4 provided a high level of accuracy compared with 10% to 30% CH4. The biogas (60% CH4) from the Oil Palm Industry and Rubber Cooperative Fund, Thailand, increased remarkably at voltage levels of 20 to 21 mV. The electrical signal from the micro-SOFC sensor corresponded to the quantity of CH4, with the chemical reaction of the dry reforming activities (NiO and Co3O4) highly catalyzed and transformed from CH4 to H2, thus generating electrons. It was concluded that the micro-SOFC sensor is suitable for detecting methane measurements at intermediate temperatures, with the ceramic structure offering low degradation compared with metal sensors.
44
Rifau, A., Z. Zainal, D. Mutharasu, et al. "Performance Study on an Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC) Fabricated By Dry Pressing Method." American Journal of Applied Sciences 3, no. 9 (2006): 2020–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2006.2020.2024.
Full text
45
Klein, J. M., Y. Bultel, M. Pons, and P. Ozil. "Modeling of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fueled by Methane: Analysis of Carbon Deposition." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 4, no. 4 (2006): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2759504.
Full textAbstract:
Natural gas appears to be a fuel of great interest for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems. It mainly consists of methane, which can be converted into hydrogen by direct internal reforming (DIR) within the SOFC anode. However, a major limitation to DIR is carbon formation within the ceramic layers at intermediate temperatures. This paper proposes a model solution using the CFD-ACE software package to simulate the behavior of a tubular SOFC. A detailed thermodynamic analysis is carried out to predict the boundary of carbon formation for SOFCs fueled by methane. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations that take into account Boudouard and methane cracking reactions allow us to investigate the occurrence of carbon formation. This possibility is discussed from the values of driving forces for carbon deposition defined as α=PCO2∕(KBPCO2) and β=PH22∕(KCPCH4), from the equilibrium constants KB and KC of the Boudouard and cracking reactions, and from the partial pressure Pi of species i. Simulations allow the calculation of the distributions of partial pressures for all the gas species (CH4, H2, CO, CO2, and H2O), current densities, and potentials of both electronic and ionic phases within the anode part (i.e., gas channel and Cermet anode). Finally, a mapping of α and β values enables us to predict the predominant zones where carbon formation is favorable (α or β<1) or unfavorable (α or β>1) according to the calculation based on thermodynamic equilibrium. With regard to the values of these different coefficients, we can say that a carbon formation can be supposed for temperature less than 800°C and for ratios xH2O∕xCH4 smaller than 1.
46
Lei, Fuqiong, Yifan Gu, Akhil Ashar, et al. "Integrated Autothermal Reformer, Heat Exchanger and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell in Single-Stack for Aircraft Gas-Turbine Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 48 (2024): 3340. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02483340mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
To take advantage of carbon-neutral aviation fuels such as synthetic liquified natural gas, aircraft engines must increase their efficiency through novel approaches, such as hybrid electric gas-turbine/solid oxide fuel cells (GT/SOFCs). To date, most hydrocarbon-fueled SOFC stack designs utilize rigid architectures and independent pre-reformers that require complex manifolding and rigid sealing. To enable SOFCs to operate effectively and robustly within an aircraft GT engine flow path upstream of a combustor, our team is developing an innovative integrated SOFC stack with an inline autothermal reformer/heat exchanger (ATR/HX) to provide adequate operating conditions for high-power (W/cm2) performance. The ATR/HX, integrated upstream of the stack, provides preheating of the cathode air through mildly exothermic reforming of the fuel with a bleed of combustor air and recycling of some anode exhaust. The exothermic ATR provides adequate heat to the cathode air to allow intermediate-temperature SOFCs, with either gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) electrolytes or thin-film yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes, to operate on GT compressor outlet temperatures just above 400 °C. To enable rapid thermal response of the integrated ATR/HX/SOFC, the stack design eliminates rigid seals to mitigate the risks of SOFC failure due to thermomechanical stresses. This paper presents the design and preliminary testing of the integrated ATR/HX/SOFC under rapid heating conditions to suggest the potential for SOFCs for next generation hybrid-electric aircraft application. The ATR/HX/SOFC stack design is supported by 441 stainless steel plates with electrochemically etched, air-flow channels through the upstream HX and the SOFC cathode. The plates also include a pocket for the ATR, which consists of a woven metal-mesh with an Al2O3-washcoat supported Pt catalyst that can light off with CH4/bleed air/H2O inlet temperatures of 400 °C. The SOFC membrane electrode assembly (MEA), 10 cm*10 cm with 81 cm2 active cathode area, rest within a frame that supports the MEA as well as a silver mesh cathode collector and a nickel mesh anode current collector. The cell is sealed by compressing a thermiculite seal that extends over the full area of the stack and compresses on the exposed electrolyte area bordering the cathode. Testing at operating temperatures indicated minimal leakage (<1%) from the anode and from the cathode to the external environment. This design, which lacks rigid seals or confinement of the MEA, enables ease of assembly and disassembly and minimizes external stresses on the MEA to enable rapid heating during ATR light-off. Integrated ATR/HX/SOFC stack has been initially incorporated into a low-pressure test facility shown in Figure 1a), which provides steam generation for the ATR inlet and premixing and preheating for the ATR inlet and air-side HX inlet flows. The ATR/HX/SOFC stack is preheated to 400 °C or more to achieve rapid light-off that rapidly preheats the SOFC inlet to desirable temperatures. For a 3-cell ATR/HX/SOFC short stack, light-off test to SOFC operating temperatures of 550 °C for thin-film YSZ-electrolyte MEAs from Elcogen are achieved in < 1 h. Such start-up times are expected to be reduced for larger ATR/HX/SOFC stacks with reduced heat loss per stack volume. Tests to date have only achieved maximum MEA power densities of 0.26 W/cm2 at 0.65 V/cell operating on the ATR outlet. Simulated performance shows pathway to higher power densities > 1.0 W/cm2 with higher temperature operation that will be achieved with coated interconnect materials. Tests to date show that the thin-film YSZ cells avoid cracking after undergoing multiple assembly and disassembly cycles, as well as high-temperature ATR light-off and fuel cell testing. These results indicate that both mechanical and thermal stresses remain sufficiently low to prevent cell cracking throughout start-up, normal operation, and shut-down processes, thus affirming the robustness and reliability of our integrated stack design. Figure 1
47
Conti, Bruno, Barbara Bosio, Stephen John McPhail, Francesca Santoni, Davide Pumiglia, and Elisabetta Arato. "A 2-D model for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Preliminarily Validated on Local Values." Catalysts 9, no. 1 (2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9010036.
Full textAbstract:
Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC) technology offers interesting opportunities in the panorama of a larger penetration of renewable and distributed power generation, namely high electrical efficiency at manageable scales for both remote and industrial applications. In order to optimize the performance and the operating conditions of such a pre-commercial technology, an effective synergy between experimentation and simulation is fundamental. For this purpose, starting from the SIMFC (SIMulation of Fuel Cells) code set-up and successfully validated for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells, a new version of the code has been developed for IT-SOFCs. The new release of the code allows the calculation of the maps of the main electrical, chemical, and physical parameters on the cell plane of planar IT-SOFCs fed in co-flow. A semi-empirical kinetic formulation has been set-up, identifying the related parameters thanks to a devoted series of experiments, and integrated in SIMFC. Thanks to a multi-sampling innovative experimental apparatus the simultaneous measurement of temperature and gas composition on the cell plane was possible, so that a preliminary validation of the model on local values was carried out. A good agreement between experimental and simulated data was achieved in terms of cell voltages and local temperatures, but also, for the first time, in terms of local concentration on the cell plane, encouraging further developments. This numerical tool is proposed for a better interpretation of the phenomena occurring in IT-SOFCs and a consequential optimization of their performance.
48
Mansur, Sumarni, Nurul Akidah Baharuddin, Wan Nor Anasuhah Wan Yusoff, Azreen Junaida Abd Aziz, and Mahendra Rao Somalu. "Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Structural and Electrochemical Behaviour of Li-Based Cathode for Intermediate-Temperature SOFC Application." Processes 11, no. 7 (2023): 2139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072139.
Full textAbstract:
A new strategy to reduce the operating temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is needed to foster the progress of developing high-performance and stable SOFC as a solution to the thermal stress and degradation of the cell components induced by high-temperature SOFC. The use of lithium (Li) as a cathode can increase the cell’s efficiency, as it allows for faster ion transport and a higher reaction rate. This study presents an attractive approach to using a Li-based cathode by combining Li with cobalt (Co) to form LiCo0.6Sr0.4O2 (LCSO). In this work, a precursor consisting of Li, Co, and strontium (Sr) was prepared via the glycine-nitrate combustion method. The precursor was calcined at two different calcination temperatures (800 and 900 °C) prior to ink formulation and symmetrical cell fabrication in order to study the effect of calcination temperature on the structural and electrochemical behaviour of a Li-based cathode. The precursor LCSO powder was characterised using X-ray crystallography (XRD) to determine the crystal structure and composition of the developed LCSO. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated symmetrical cell was tested using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to obtain the cell’s resistance information, which is related to the cell’s ionic and electronic conductivity. SDC electrolyte with LCSO calcined at 800 °C has a higher crystallinity percentage and a more porous structure compared to LCSO calcined at 900 °C. The porous structure enhanced the electrochemical performance of the cell, where the symmetrical cell has the highest conductivity (0.038 Scm−1) with the lowest activation energy (0.43 eV). The symmetrical cell was also able to achieve 2.89 Ω cm2 of area-specific resistance (ASR) at 800 °C of operating temperature. In conclusion, the SDC electrolyte with LCSO calcined at 800 °C is the promising cathode material for SOFC applications. The result of this study can benefit the SOFC field of research, especially in the development of intermediate temperature-SOFC.
49
Baek, Yun Jeong, та Tae Ho Shin. "Enhancing the Cathodic Performance of LSM Via Nanostructured Surface Decoration with Infiltrated Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-Δ". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, № 40 (2023): 2829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01402829mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is getting attention from next-generation electrochemical energy conversion devices with high efficiency and low pollutant emission. But the high operating temperature in SOFC can lead to problems like high cost, difficult sealing, and fast degradation. To alleviate this problem, Intermediate temperature SOFC (IT-SOFC) has become an adequate alternative. But, as the operating temperature decreased, the Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) also decreased, contributing to performance degradation and efficiency loss. The infiltration method, effectively improving the performance of the SOFC electrode, is one of the most effective ways. However, this method has been limited due to the multi-step process and instability of long-term operation. In this study, we suggest a new process that combines the infiltration and spray method with co-sintering to diminish the multi-step. We fabricated a cathode in which the LSM and Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ infiltration solvent coated simultaneously by the spray process and co-sintered. And we measured the cell performance and stability. Consequently, when applied as electrolyte-supported cells at 1073K, performance is measured by exhibiting a maximum power density of 0.986W cm-2 in fuel cell mode and electrolysis performance of 0.878A cm-2 at 1.3V. The result of this study was 0.724W higher than that of the bare LSM electrode. Figure 1
50
Mazlan, Nurul Waheeda, Nafisah Osman, Oskar Hasdinor Hassan та Zakiah Mohamed. "Lattice Expansion of BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O3-δ Ceramic Electrolyte". Solid State Phenomena 307 (липень 2020): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.307.149.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an electrochemical conversion device that undergoes a thermal cycling at various operating temperature where lead to the degradation of its mechanical properties. Electrolyte among the main component in SOFC plays a crucial part in defined the overall performance which facing a lattice expansion event when exposed to heating. Thus, in this paper BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O3-δ (BCZY) was selected as potential electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) to investigate its lattice expansion as a function of temperature. The sample was prepared via a sol gel method and calcined at 1100°C for 10 hours to form a powder and then pressed to become a pellet. To ensure a good densification in such pellet, two-steps sintering processes was indicated at 1500°C and ground to a powder form prior to the lattice expansion measurements. High temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) was used to study the lattice expansion of sample in the temperature range of 25°C to 700°C with interval 100°C under air atmosphere. HT-XRD analysis was done using X’pert Highscore Plus software and Visual for Electronic and Structural Analysis (VESTA) software was used to observe the crystal structure. Phase and structural analysis of BCZY electrolyte materials were discussed. Apparently, the BCZY shows an average of 97% phase purity from room temperature to 700°C. Rietveld refinement analysis revealed that the BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O3-δ exhibits cubic symmetrical structure with unit cell, a=b=c that varied from 4.3440Å - 4.3731Å for all the temperature studied. Thus, the expansion percentage for the lattice expansion from room temperature to 700°C was about 12.6 %.