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Ahlinder, John, and Jonas Fridman. "Reducering av mellanhänder i bostadsmäklarbranschen – en bra idé? : MBA-uppsats i elektroniska affärer." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-473.
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Syftet med vår uppsats är att undersöka vilka hinder och möjligheter som existerar för att ett genomslag för mellanhandsreducering i bostadsmäklarbranschen ska kunna ske. Dessutom är syftet att undersöka närmare på hur förmedling av olika bostadsobjekt sker på bostadsmarknaden i Sverige och i det sammanhanget att studera hur nya aktörer har förändrat och förenklat den traditionella affärsmodellen för bostadsförmedling.
The purpose of this essay is to investigate the obstacles and possibilities that exist in the real estate business in order for a breakthrough of middlemen reduction to take place. The purpose is also to closely examine how the broking of real estate is laid out in Sweden and in this context show how new players have changed and simplified the traditional business model for real estate broking.
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Sundling, Linnea, and Sporrstedt Malin Bååt. "Det bästa sättet att förutsäga framtiden är att skapa den : En kvalitativ flerfallsstudie om hur Stockholms konferensaktörer ställer sig gentemot mellanhandsföretag och hållbar utveckling." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Turismvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-36024.
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Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur centrala nyckelpersoner inom konferensbranschen i Stockholm arbetar i förhållande till hållbara strategier och externa resurser under planering och utförande av konferenser. Den ämnar även att undersöka hur visionen gällande den framtida konferensen ser ut och vidare diskuteras trender och mönster som cirkulerar i branschen samt hur dessa upprätthålls. Metod: Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ flerfallsstudie innefattande tio semistrukturerade intervjuer som primär insamlingsmetod samt sekundärdata. Teori: Studiens teoretiska bakgrund baseras bland annat på två plattformar gällande mötesindustrin och affärsindustrins sektorer. Även teorier gällande hållbar utveckling, konferensbranschens huvudaktörer, trender inom branschen samt en kommunikationsmodell ligger till grund för studien. Den teoretiska referensramen fungerar som en avgränsning till vad skribenterna har valt att analysera. Empiri: Empiriavsnittet omfattar en presentation av vardera respondent samt det företag respondenten är verksam inom. Företagen som beskrivs i studien är 7A: Centralen, Kumla Herrgård, MSD AB, Linné Travel, American Express Global Business Travel, Svenska Möten, Scandic Skogshöjd, Nordic Choice Hotels samt två anonyma företag. Efter presentationen följer en sammanfattning av intervjuerna. Resultat: Studiens resultat påvisar att majoriteten av Stockholms konferensaktörer inte har en fullt utarbetad policy för ett hållbart utvecklingsarbete och att de sociala och ekonomiska aspekterna hamnar i skuggan av den miljömässiga insatsen. Mellanhandsföretagen är inte helt och hållet uppskattade bland mindre företag och konferensanläggningar i branschen på grund av misskommunikation. Mellanhandsföretagen menar att de bidrar till resursbesparingar och effektivisering gällande planering. I framtiden anser aktörerna att konferensen måste inneha ett konkret innehåll och ett tydligt syfte. Något som även måste upprätthållas är ett tydligare fokus på gästens upplevelse samt bevarandet av fysiska möten.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate in how key actors in Stockholm’s conference industry work in relation to sustainable strategies and external resources during planning and execution of conferences. It also aims to investigate trends and patterns in the industry and how the vision of the future conference is seen. Method: The study is based in a qualitative multidisciplinary study comprising ten semi structured interviews as primary collection together with secondary data. Theory: The theoretical background is based on two platforms, one describing the meeting industry, and one describing the travel business sectors. Theories regarding sustainable development, the conference industry’s key players, industry trends and a communication model is also based on this study. The theoretical framework serves a delimitation of what the authors have chosen to analyze. Empiricism: The empiricism section includes a presentation of each respondent and the company the respondent works for. The companies described are 7A: Centralen, Kumla Herrgård, MSD AB (Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA), Linné Travel, American Express Global Business Travel, Svenska Möten, Scandic Skogshöjd, Nordic Choice Hotels and two anonymous companies. Along the presentation follows a summary of the interviews. Findings: The findings of this study have shown that the majority of Stockholm’s conference actors do not have a fully developed policy for sustainable development and that social and economic aspects end up in the shadow of the environmental effort. The intermediaries are not entirely appreciated among smaller companies and conference facilities in the industry, because of dysfunctional communication. The intermediaries, on the other hand, mean that they contribute to resource savings and efficiency in conference planning. In the future, the actors consider the conference to have a concrete content and a clear purpose. Something that must also be maintained is a clearer focus on the guest’s experience as well as the preservation of physical meetings.
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Gregory, M. F. "Organometallic intermediates." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356021.
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Gordon, Charles M. "Organometallic intermediates." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334789.
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Erdmann, Alexander. "Intermediation im Innovationstransfer." Berlin Duncker & Humblot, 2007. http://d-nb.info/98958822X/04.
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Jackson, S. A. "Intermediates in photocatalysis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384288.
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Erdmann, Alexander. "Intermediation im Innovationstransfer /." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2008. http://d-nb.info/98958822X/04.
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Holthausen, Cornelia. "Financial Intermediation in Europe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7390.
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El primer capítulo de esta tesis trata de la legislación de los sistemas de pago internacionales de grna valor cuando la supervisión es efectuada por el banco central nacional. El modelo construido se centra en el análisis de la elección entre la liquidación bruta o neta. Se demuestra que si los bancos privados tienen la misma información que los bancos centrales, la decisión sobre el modo de liquidación debe ser tomada por los bancos centrales. No obstante, si los bancos privados poseen información superior acerca del riesgo asumido por los bancos en otros paises, pueden ser mejor dejar la decisión en manos del sector privado.En el segundo capítulo, analizo posibles efectos de la moneda única sobre la estructura de los mercados interbancarios en Europa. En estos mercados, se transfiere liquidez entre bancos. Los bancos reciben señales sobre la solvencia de otros bancos. Las señales son menos precisas cuando se trata de bancos en otros países. En el modelo, demuestro que un mercado internacional se puede desarrollar solamente cuando las diferencias en la escasez de liquidez, entre países es grande en relación a la diferencia en la calidad de señales. Otro resultado importante del modelo es que un equilibrio con un mercado integrado Pareto-domina un equilibrio con mercados separados como si la diferencia en calidad de señales domésticas e internacionales está por debajo de un cierto límite. Por último, analizo los efectos de una gradual integración de los mercados financieros. En particular, demuestro que fuciones entre bancos pueden aumentar el nivel de bienestar.
El tercer capítulo de la tesis está dedicado al análisis de la estructura de la propiedad de las empresas en economías donde los bancos poseen una gran parte de las acciones. Analizo la decisión de un solo dueño de una empresa a vender acciones. Supongo que la propiedad produce beneficios de control, y que estos beneficios se dividen entre los accionistas según su posición estratégica. Si las empresas varian en su rendimiento esperado tal como en su nivel de beneficios de control, demuestro que el dueño puede señalar la calidad de su empresa, eligiendo la estructura de la propiedad. El modelo es consistente con la evidencia empírica en que bloques de acciones llevan un premio. Además demuestro que dueños de empresas con rendimientos altos eliger una mayor dispersión de acciones entre accionistas.
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Liaudinskas, Karolis. "Essays in financial intermediation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670188.
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Financial intermediation helps the economy allocate capital, presumably, in an efficient, safe and rational way (Manove and Padilla, 1999; Coval and Thakor, 2005). This dissertation studies if financial intermediaries behave so. Chapter 1 finds inefficiencies. I use loan-level data and bank closures to demonstrate that a distressed bank had overcharged its good-quality customers, and since they had paid these rents, switching must have been even costlier. This serves as a novel estimate of firms’ switching costs and a novel identification of the hold-up problem. In Chapter 2, I match German banks’ FX-denominated balance sheet exposures with transaction-level derivative exposures, and, for the first time, use such detailed data to study banks’ FX risk management. I find limited evidence of hedging, which suggests insufficient risk management. In Chapter 3, I use millisecond-stamped transaction-level stock trading data to show, for the first time, that algorithms trade stocks more rationally than human traders.La intermediació financera ajuda a l'economia a assignar capital, presuntament d'una manera: eficient, segura i racional (Manove and Padilla, 1999; Coval and Thakor, 2005). Aquesta tesi estudia si els intermediaris financers es comporten de tal manera. El primer capítol troba ineficiències. Utilitzo dades a nivell de préstecs i de tancaments bancaris per demostrar que un banc amb problemes va sobrecargar amb interessos del crèdit els seus bons clients, i com els clients havien pagat aquestes rendes, cambiar de banc encara era més costós per a ells. Aquestes dades serveixen com una nova estimació dels costos de canvi i una nova identificació del problema de manteniment o "hold-up". En el capítol 2, aparello les exposicions a divises estrangeres en el balanç de bancs alemanys amb exposicions a derivats a nivell de transaccions, i, per primer cop, utilitzo aquestes detallades dades per estudiar la gestió del risc de divisa. Trobo evidencia limitada d'us en cobertura, el que suggereix gestió insuficient del risc. En el tercer capítol, utilitzo dades de transaccions a nivell de milisegon del mercat bursàtil per demostrar, per primera vegada, que els algoritmes compren i venen accions de manera més racional que els compradors i venedors d'accions humans.
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Asaftei, Gabriel. "Essays on financial intermediation." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3153766.
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Haynes, Anthony. "Intermediates in organometallic photochemistry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27829/.
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CHAPTER 1: A background to the techniques of matrix isolation, liquid xenon solution and flash photolysis with fast IR detection is presented. The application of infrared spectroscopy in structural studies of metal carbonyl compounds is also discussed. Chapter 2: Photolysis of((nu5-C5R5)Pt(CO))2 (R=H, Me) in frozen gas matrices results in production of ((nu5-C5R5)Pt2(mu-CO)). 13CO enrichment and polarised photochemistry show that the photoproduct contains a single symmetrically bridging CO group. Photolysis of (CpNi(mu-CO))2 in frozen gas matrices results in formation of CP2Ni2(CO) with a terminal CO ligand. The stability these dinuclear photoproducts in room temperature solution has been investigated using fast TRIR spectroscopy. Photolysis in CO matrices leads to M-M bond cleavage and reaction with CO to give Pt(CO)4 or Ni(CO)4 as the final product. CHAPTER 3: Photolysis of Os2(CO)9 or OS2(CO)8- - (mu-nu1, nu1-C2H4) in frozen gas matrices leads to formation of Os2(CO)8, which has only terminal CO groups. The thermal and photochemical reactivity of Os2(CO)a towards CO, N2 and C2H4 is investigated. Photolysis using plane polarised light provides confirmation of the C2v structure of Os2(CO)9, and gives evidence favouring a D2h structure for Os2(CO)8. Prolonged UV photolysis of Os2(CO)9 in CO matrices leads to cleavage of the Os-Os bond and production of Os(CO)5. CHAPTER 4: The mechanism of the photochemical deoligomerisation of FpSiMe2SiMe3 is investigated using a variety of techniques. The reaction is shown to proceed via two photochemical steps. Primary CO-loss is followed by intramolecular trapping to give a silyl(silylene) intermediate. The second step involves expulsion of an SiMe2 fragment and coordination of a ligand. L. to give CpFe(CO)(L)SiMe3 (L = CO, PPh3,C2H4 or N2). CHAPTER 5: A study of the photochemistry of Fp-disilyl complexes containing beta-silyl hydrogens implies beta-H transfer from Si to Fe as the dominant process following photodissociation of CO. The product, a metalladisilacyclopropane or nu2-disilene complex, is implicated as an intermediate in the photochemical formation of FpH in this system. CHAPTER 6: The experimental techniques and spectrometers used in this research are described. along with a discussion of the theory and advantages of FTIR spectroscopy.
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Liu, Zijun. "Essays in financial intermediation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/289/.
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The thesis consists of three papers. Credit Rating and Competition (co-authored wth Pragyan Deb and Nelson Camanho) studies the behaviour of credit rating agencies in a competitive framework with the presence of conflicts of interest. We show that competition for market share through reputation is insufficient to discipline rating agencies in equilibrium. More importantly, our results suggest that, in most cases, competition will aggravate the lax behaviour of rating agencies, resulting in greater ratings inflation. This result has important policy implications since it suggests that enhanced competition in the ratings industry is likely to make the situation worse. Credit Default Swaps - Default Risk, Counter-party Risk and Systemic Risk examines the implications of CDS on systemic risk. I show that CDS can contribute to systemic risk in two ways: through counter-party risk and through sharing of default risks. A central clearing house, which can only reduce counter-party risk, is by no means a panacea. More importantly, excessive risk taken by one reckless institution may spread to the entire financial system via the CDS market. This could potentially explain the US government's decision to bail out AIG during the recent financial crisis. Policies requiring regulatory disclosure of CDS trades would be desirable. Investor Cash Flow and Mutual Fund Behaviour (co-authored with Zhigang Qiu) analyzes the trading incentives of mutual fund managers. In open-ended funds, investors are only willing to invest in the fund when the share price of the fund is expected to increase, i.e. the fund is expected to make profits in the future.We show that the fund manager may buy the asset even when he perceives the asset to be over-valued, given that his portfolio choices are disclosed to the investors and that he is paid a fixed fraction of the terminal value of the fund.
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Silva, A. F. "Essays on financial intermediation." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/20150/.
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This thesis includes three essays investigating different aspects of financial intermediation. Chapter 1 examines the impact of banks’ collective liquidity mismatch policies on the stability of the financial sector. Using a novel identification strategy exploiting the presence of partially overlapping peer groups, I show that the liquidity created by individual banks is driven by the liquidity transformation activity of their peers. These correlated liquidity mismatch decisions are asymmetric and concentrated on the asset-side component of liquidity creation. Importantly, this strategic behavior increases both the default risk of individual institutions and overall systemic risk. From a macroprudential perspective, the results highlight the importance of explicitly regulating systemic liquidity risk. Chapter 2 analyzes the credit supply and real sector effects of bank bail-ins by exploiting the unexpected failure of a major Portuguese bank and subsequent resolution. Using a matched firm-bank dataset on credit exposures and interest rates, we show that while banks more exposed to the bail-in significantly reduced credit supply at the intensive margin, affected firms compensated the tightening of overall credit with other sources of funding. Nevertheless, SMEs were subject to a binding contraction of funds available through credit lines and reduced investment and employment. These dampening effects are explained by the pre-shock internal liquidity position of smaller firms. Finally, Chapter 3 examines the impact of a nationwide banking expansion program on access to finance as well as first-time borrowers’ transition from microfinance institutions to the formal banking sector using microdata on the universe of loans to individuals from a developing country. We show that the program increased the likelihood of obtaining credit, particularly in areas with lower financial and economic development. The overall effect is driven by the newly set-up microfinance institutions (U-SACCOs), which grant loans to unbanked individuals and allow them to build credit history. Loan size increases and loan terms improve as the bank-borrower relationship matures, but these effects are weaker for U-SACCOs than for banks. Consistent with this evidence, a significant share of first-time borrowers switch to commercial banks, which cream-skim less risky borrowers from U-SACCOs after the program implementation and grant them cheaper, larger, and longer-term loans. These borrowers are not riskier and only initially receive smaller loans than similar individuals already in the formal banking sector. These results suggest that the microfinance sector, together with a credit reference bureau, plays an essential role in mitigating information frictions in credit markets.
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Savic, Una. "Essays in financial intermediation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3738/.
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In the first chapter, “Money markets and borrower transparency: Evidence from the Dodd-Frank Act stress testing policy”, I investigate the effect of increased public information disclosure on lending outcomes in money markets. Introduction of the Dodd-Frank Act Stress Testing policy and its mandatory results’ disclosure is used as a shock to the availability of information on banks subject to the policy. Using micro data on fund portfolio holdings, I show that funds increase their lending more to transparent relative to non-transparent banks after disclosures. Based on the relationship lending literature, I use the strength of the lending relationships to distinguish between more and less informed funds. Overall, my results are consistent with more information disclosure alleviating information asymmetries between borrowers and less informed lenders in the money markets, allowing banks to expand their borrowing. However, increase in borrowing after the disclosure is conditional on disclosure revealing positive information on the bank, which is in line with the disciplining role that disclosures are to play. In the second chapter, “Where did the money go? Evidence from money market funds on the portfolio balance channel of QE,” I aim to identify the portfolio balance channel as a transmission mechanism of Quantitative Easing (QE). I use micro data on money market fund portfolio holdings to investigate changes in MMF lending decisions and portfolio composition once the third wave of QE3 resulted in the withdrawal of Agency repo securities. My results suggest that QE3 did not induce outflows from the money market industry, but resulted in the increase in uncollateralized lending on behalf of funds with above-median QE3 exposure. My results indicate that this increase in uncollateralized lending remains concentrated within former repo issuing banks. The third chapter, “If fail, fail less: banks decision on systematic vs. idiosyncratic risk”, takes the theoretical approach to investigate the influence of bailout policy, contingent on the aggregate state and a bank’s individual characteristics, on the banks’ choice between systematic and idiosyncratic risk. The regulator who implements the ’fail less’ bailout policy i.e. prefers to bail out the banks with higher asset values in failure is introduced in the ’too many to fail’ paradigm. Results imply that once the bank’s bailout probability, conditional on the regulator’s intervention, depends on its value in failure, banks invest in the uncorrelated project more often. Therefore, this reduces the herding pressure of the ’too many to fail’ guarantees as well as the occurence of the systemic banking crises.
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Teles, Caio Augusto Colnago. "Money distribution with intermediation." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11188.
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This paper analyzes the distribution of money holdings in a commo dity money search-based mo del with intermediation. Intro ducing heterogeneity of costs to the Kiyotaki e Wright ( 1989 ) mo del, Cavalcanti e Puzzello ( 2010) gives rise to a non-degenerated distribution of money. We extend further this mo del intro ducing intermediation in the trading pro cess. We show that the distribution of money matters for savings decisions. This gives rises to a xed p oint problem for the saving function that di cults nding the optimal solution. Through some examples, we show that this friction shrinks the distribution of money. In contrast to the Cavalcanti e Puzzello ( 2010 ) mo del, the optimal solution may not present the entire surplus going to the consumer. At the end of the pap er, we present a strong result, for a su cient large numb er of intermediaries the distribution of money is degenerated.
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Zeng, Jing. "Essays on financial intermediation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/987/.
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This thesis investigates the effects of financial frictions such as symmetric information on aspects of financial intermedation process, in particular banks and the securitisation industry. In the first paper, “Contingent capital structure”, I study the optimal financing arrangement of a bank with risk-shifting incentives and private information, in an environment with macroeconomic uncertainty. Leverage mitigates adverse selection problems owing to debt information insensitivity, but leads to excessive risk-taking. I show that the optimal leverage is procyclical, and contingent convertible (CoCo) bonds emerge as part of the implementation of the optimal contingent capital structure. However, the laissez-faire equilibrium entails excessive leverage and risk-taking, due to a bank’s private incentives to minimise market mispricing of its securities. It is socially optimal to impose countercyclical capital requirements. In the second paper, “Counter-cyclical foreclosure for securitisation”, John Chi-fong Kuong and I investigate the optimal forefclosure policy of delinquent mortgages in a model of mortgage-backed securitisation under asymmetric information. We show that it is optimal for a securitiser to commit to an ex-post value-destroying foreclosure policy to reduce the signalling cost. The optimal foreclosure policy, which can be implemented by contracting with a third-party mortgage-servicer, features a excessive foreclosure rate for a mortgage pools of poor quality, implying a counter-cyclical aggregate foreclosure rate and pro-cyclical repossessed property prices. Finally, the third paper, “Bankruptcy-remote securitisation with implicit guarantee”, explores the role of securitisation in the funding of banks under asymmetric information. In a two-period model, I argue that securitisation as an optimal funding source rely on both features. While implicit guarantee mitigates the asymmetric information problem, bankruptcy-remoteness allows a bank to shield its unsecuritised cash flows in a bad state, thereby relaxing its future financing contraint.
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Almansori, Abdelmunsef F. M. "Exploring derivation knowledge in beginner, elementary, pre-intermediate and intermediate EFL textbooks." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238713.
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Weadock, Julie Louise. "Intermediate redshift radio galaxies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325935.
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Bushell, Mary-Clare. "Intermediate scale NMR imaging." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1985. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847283/.
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The design, construction and calibration of an intermediate scale NMR imaging system is described. The system is based on a 7" diameter, room temperature bore superconducting magnet at a field of 0.4T. Using selective excitation and projection reconstruction techniques, the production of density, spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation weighted images has been achieved. An investigation of the feasibility of in-vivo tissue characterisation using NMR parameters has been carried out. Tissue characterisation using healthy animals of different ages, sex and species has shown that characterisation with the NMR parameters of T1** and T2** is feasible on a given system, where 1/T1** and 1/T2** are the spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation rates calculated from the images assuming these rates to be mono-exponential. It is shown that the scatter in results which previously was believed by other authors to be due to biological variation is in fact due to experimentation and instrumentation, and that the biological limit has yet to be reached. The successful employment of quantitative characterisation in the observation and monitoring of diseased states is illustrated by two examples. The first shows the growth of a tumour and the second uses T1* to observe the effect of toxic drugs on the kidney. In the latter case, little evidence of damage was visible on the image. Following characterisation, it is demonstrated that it is possible to optimise an imaging sequence by careful selection of the timing parameters. Optimisation of the sequences used in this work gave an increase of upto a factor of two in the signal-to-noise ratio and increased the accuracy of the relaxation rate evaluation. Finally, a technique for obtaining a map of the spatial distribution of the molecular translational diffusion coefficient together with perfusion and flow information has been developed. These parameters may well enhance the contrast as well as providing new information on the biological system.
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Smietana, Shannon L. "Intermediate Family Therapy Skills." DigitalCommons@USU, 2001. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2624.
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The field of marriage and family therapy (MFT) has prospered since its beginnings nearly 50 years ago. In order to keep the field current and competitive with other related professions, empirical research is necessary. Although there has been an upsurge of research on the effectiveness and specialty areas of MFT, one area has been overlooked: skills. THe empirical research that has been performed has focused its attention on beginning therapists. The current research took the next step in determining family therapy skills and investigated the skills needed by intermediate-level therapists--not beginners, yet also not advanced therapists.
This research surveyed a panel of supervision experts in the MFT profession who work with intermediate-level therapists in order to determine the skills that intermediate-level therapists are the same skills thought to be important for beginning therapists, identified in previous research. Of the top 25 ranked items in the Basic Family Therapy Skills project that were rated in the current Intermediate Family Therapy Skills project, 22 of the items' means differed less than .25 in their ratings. Overall, most of the nominated items were rated between "very important" and "important". Implications for training and further research are discussed.
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Yan, Yuxing. "Three essays on financial intermediation." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35654.
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This dissertation consists of three essays: (I) Double Liability, Moral Hazard and Deposit Insurance Schemes, (II) Contract Costs, Lender Identity and Bank Loan Pricing, and (III) Bank Capital Structure and Differential Lending Behaviour. The first essay proposes to add double liability to a deposit insurance scheme to induce insurees (depository financial institutions) to reveal their true risk types. The second essay looks at the differential lending patterns of American banks versus Japanese banks. The third essay discusses the relationship between the characteristics of a lender and those of the borrower.
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Rivero, Leiva David. "Three essays on financial intermediation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454815.
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Esta tesis doctoral consiste en tres ensayos sobre intermediación financiera. La orientación principal de este trabajo es teórica. Los tres capítulos están conectados entre sí ya que tratan sobre aspectos relevantes relacionados con la literatura en banca.
El capítulo 1 desarrolla un modelo de intermediación financiera para evaluar el impacto de la política monetaria sobre la calidad crediticia de los préstamos extendidos en una economía bancaria. Una lección importante de la llamada Gran Recesión de 2007-2009 es que el estado de la política monetaria puede fomentar el apetito por el riesgo de la industria bancaria. Basado en el paradigma de “verificación costosa de estados”, se presenta un modelo teórico con prestatarios heterogéneos y adquisición de información en el que la actividad de intermediación está supeditada a un “trade-off” entre procesar información antes o después de la concesión del préstamo. A través de cambios en el cuidado con el que los estándares de crédito se determinan, los bancos influyen sobre la probabilidad del estado en bancarrota y la composición de riesgo del conjunto de prestatarios. Bajo este escenario, una política monetaria más laxa reduce la diligencia con la que los intermediarios verifican la capacidad de repago de los prestatarios, aumentado el apalancamiento del sector no financiero y la probabilidad de impago de la economía.
El capítulo 2 evalúa el rol de una mayor intermediación por parte del Banco Central en una crisis de solvencia para restaurar la localización eficiente del capital cuando el mercado interbancario no está operativo. Las tensiones originadas en los mercados financieros tras la quiebra de Lehman Brothers llevaron a una respuesta por parte de los Bancos Centrales que se alejaba de las medidas tradicionales. Para estudiar cómo las autoridades monetarias pueden reemplazar el rol del mercado para relocalizar eficientemente el capital durante una crisis sistémica, este capítulo explora la absorción del riesgo de crédito a través de una política de crédito. Cuando las tensiones en los mercados monetarios crecen debido a la incertidumbre sobre la solvencia bancaria de algunas entidades, la autoridad monetaria puede absorber el riesgo de crédito percibido en el mercado y subsidiar la asimetría en el coste marginal de financiación entre regiones.
Un modelo sobre liquidez y miedo sobre quiebra bancaria es presentado en el capítulo 3, escrito conjuntamente con Hugo Rodríguez. En él se estudian los pánicos bancarios en un sistema moderno en el que contratos de depósito nominales son diseñados como medios de pago. En una economía expuesta a riesgos de liquidez puros con creación endógena de dinero, mostramos que la idea clásica sobre quiebra bancaria debido a pánicos entre los depositantes no ocurre. Una discusión relevante sobre estabilidad financiera es si los fallos de las instituciones bancarias están creados por pánicos repentinos que fuerzan la caída de bancos solventes, o si bien están causados por el deterioro fundamental sobre variables bancarias específicas. Basado en el problema de liquidez tradicional de Diamond y Dybvig (1983), nuestro modelo incorpora tres elementos a la literatura teórica sobre quiebra bancaria. Primero, la cadena de intermediación comienza cuando los prestatarios necesitan pedir prestado dinero para realizar pagos. Segundo, para reducir el riesgo de liquidez, los bancos controlan una demanda de reservas obtenida del Banco Central. Tercero, el desajuste de vencimientos entre el active y pasivo bancario es inherente a la creación de nuevos préstamos. Sobre este enfoque existe un mecanismo de precios que ajusta la demanda de consumo en cada periodo, haciendo que el valor real de los depósitos sea contingente al número de retirada de depósitos.This Ph.D. thesis consists of three essays on financial intermediation. The main orientation of this dissertation is theoretical. All three essays are connected in that they deal with important features related to the literature on financial intermediation. Chapter 1 develops a model of financial intermediation to evaluate the impact of the monetary policy stance in the credit quality of loans extended in a bank-dependent economy. An important lesson from the Great Recession 2007-2009 is that the monetary policy stance may spur the risk appetite of the banking industry. Based on the costly state verification paradigm, I present a theoretical model with heterogeneous loan applicants and costly information acquisition in which financial intermediation activity is driven by a trade-off between processing information prior or after loan origination. Through changes in the diligence to determinate the credit standards, information processors shift the probability of the bankruptcy state and the riskiness in the composition of the pool of borrowers. Under this environment, a loose monetary policy decreases the diligence devoted by intermediaries to verify the creditworthiness of loan applicants, increasing the leverage of the non-financial sector. Moreover, it leads to a deterioration of the credit quality in the composition of the pool of borrowers which increases the likelihood of the bankruptcy state. Chapter 2 evaluates the role of Central Bank intermediation during solvency crises to restore the efficient allocation of capital in the economy when the interbank money market freezes. On the policy front, the tensions originated in financial markets after the bank run of Lehman Brothers required monetary authorities to go beyond conventional policy measures. To study how monetary authorities can replace the role of the extinguished interbank money market to allocate efficiently capital in the economy during systemic times, this chapter explores the subsidization of counterparty risk via credit policies. The basic idea is that Central Banks can intervene in the economy to reallocate savings to those banks with liquidity needs. When tensions in the money market arise due to the uncertainty about the solvency situation of specific counterparties, Central Banks can absorb the credit risk perceived in the market and subsidize the asymmetry in the marginal funding cost across regions. A model of liquidity and fears about bank runs is presented in chapter 3. In this chapter I, along with Hugo Rodríguez, study self-fulfilling panics in a modern banking system wherein nominal deposit arrangements are designed as means of payment. In an economy exposed to pure liquidity risk with endogeneous money creation, we show that classical bank runs caused by panics do not occur. A relevant discussion about financial instability is whether the failure of banking institutions is driven by sudden panics that force solvent banks to fail, or it is reflected by the fundamental deterioration in bank specific variables. Based on the traditional liquidity problem of Diamond and Dybvig (1983), our framework incorporates three elements into the theoretical literature of bank runs. First, the chain of intermediation starts when borrowers need money to make payments. Second, to offset liquidity risk, banks manage a demand for reserves from the central bank. Third, the maturity mismatch between banks assets and liabilities is inherent to the creation of new loans. Under such setting, there is a price mechanism that adjusts the demand for consumption each period, making the real value of deposit contracts contingent on the mass of withdrawals. This result does not support the self-fulfilling hypothesis of bank runs.
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Yan, Yuxing. "Three esssays on financial intermediation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/NQ44635.pdf.
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Wang, Jin. "Ultrafast studies of reactive intermediates." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196155202.
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van, Eyk Stephen J. "Reactive intermediates : model substrate studies." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8316.
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The reactions of cinnamyl chloride and crotyl chloride with various aldehydes, RCHO; R=Me, Et, iPr, CH₃(CH₂)₅, PhCH₂, Ph, p-MeOPh, p-NCPh, to form homoallylic alcohols under the control of Sn-Al, Cr(II), Zn and Mg were examined and the stereochemistry of the products determined. Stereoselectivity and regioselectivity of these reactions are compared and explained with reference to cyclic and linear mechanisms and the metal involved, frontier molecular orbital energies and molecular modelling experiments.
An attempt was made to extend control of the relative stereochemistry of the Sn-Al reaction to systems with more than two contiguous carbon centers. The aldehydes, RCH(CH₃)CHO; R=Me, Ph, tBu, reacting with cinnamyl chloride under control of Sn-Al resulted in moderate Cram selectivity, this diastereofacial selectivity increasing with the bulk of the aldehydes' R group. Glyceraldehyde gave very poor diastereofacial selectivity.
Dialdehydes terephthaldecarboxaldehyde and glyoxal were reacted with cinnamyl chloride mediated by Sn-Al and the relative stereochemistries of the major products deduced. Competition experiments of crotyl bromide and cinnamyl chloride with aryl aldehydes, p-R-C₆H₄CHO; R=H, Me, MeO, NC, O₂N, under the control of tin mediated conditions (Sn-Al) and of crotyl organotin and cinnamyl organotin (allylic-SnL₃; L=Ph, nBu) catalysed by either BF₃.OEt₂ or heat were carried out and the results of these experiments discussed in the light of frontier molecular orbital theory.
Molecular mechanics calculations were performed to evaluate the steric stability of rotamers of threo and erythro homoallylic alcohols and these used in association with electronic effects to explain the diastereoselectivity of the linear mechanism. Conformational analysis using MM calculations were undertaken in an attempt to rationalize the stereoselectivity at the cyclic transition state.
Synthetic pathways to β,γ-epoxy ketones were explored and the synthesis of 38, 44, and 50 effected by a number of different paths to maximize yields; the diastereoselectivities of the epoxidations of intermediate hydroxy and acetoxy alkenes was investigated.
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Adachi, Takanori. "Entrepreneurship, Financial Intermediation, and Inequality." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/21072.
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Hodges, P. M. "Reaction intermediates at room temperatures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384390.
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Kirk, Martin. "Reactions of gaseous borane intermediates." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305836.
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Carpenter, A. J. "Heteroaromatic synthesis using metallated intermediates." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380046.
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Yang, Hongfang. "Benzotriazole intermediates in organic chemistry." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0005743.
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Gibson, Michael Scott 1966. "Financial intermediation and business cylces." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12598.
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Spajić, Drago. "On financial intermediation in Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620955.
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Freiermuth, Martin. "Credit derivatives and financial intermediation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00130178.pdf.
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Erdmann, Alexander [Verfasser]. "Intermediation im Innovationstransfer. / Alexander Erdmann." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1238359817/34.
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Foley, Michael Andrew. "1-Acyldihydropyridones as Synthetic Intermediates." DigitalCommons@USU, 1988. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7180.
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The most efficient and stereoselective total synthesis of (+/-) lausbine II to date has been achieved. The key steps in this are the copper-mediated conjugate addition reaction of the Grignard reagent of 1-bromo-4-chlorobutane to a dihydropyridone and a stereoselective reduction of a quinolizidinone.
Methodology has been developed for the convenient synthesis of 1-acyl-2-substituted-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridines. This was accomplished by adding novel alkylzinc iodides to the 1-acyliminium ion derived from Nphenoxycarbonyl-4-methoxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyridine.
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Seegmiller, Bryan. "Intermediation frictions in equity markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/126957.
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Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, May, 2020Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 38-41).
Stocks with similar characteristics but different levels of ownership by financial institutions have returns and risk premia that comove very differently with shocks to the risk bearing capacity of financial intermediaries. After accounting for observable stock characteristics, excess returns on more intermediated stocks have higher betas on contemporaneous shocks to intermediary willingness to take risk and are more predictable by state variables that proxy for intermediary health. The empirical evidence suggests that asset pricing models featuring financial intermediaries as marginal investors and frictions that induce changes in intermediary risk bearing capacity are useful in explaining price movements even in asset classes with comparatively low barriers to household participation.
by Bryan Seegmiller.
S.M. in Management Research
S.M.inManagementResearch Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
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Yadav, Niru. "Essays in intermediate input imports." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3290774.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Economics, 2007.Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 28, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: A, page: 4804. Adviser: Ricardo A. Lopez.
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Parker, Tracey Louise. "Accretion characteristics in intermediate polars." Thesis, Open University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441138.
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Ben-Dyke, Andrew David. "Prototyping parallel functional intermediate languages." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7199/.
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Non-strict higher-order functional programming languages are elegant, concise, mathematically sound and contain few environment-specific features, making them obvious candidates for harnessing high-performance architectures. The validity of this approach has been established by a number of experimental compilers. However, while there have been a number of important theoretical developments in the field of parallel functional programming, implementations have been slow to materialise. The myriad design choices and demands of specific architectures lead to protracted development times. Furthermore, the resulting systems tend to be monolithic entities, and are difficult to extend and test, ultimatly discouraging experimentation. The traditional solution to this problem is the use of a rapid prototyping framework. However, as each existing systems tends to prefer one specific platform and a particular way of expressing parallelism (including implicit specification) it is difficult to envisage a general purpose framework. Fortunately, most of these systems have at least one point of commonality: the use of an intermediate form. Typically, these abstract representations explicitly identify all parallel components but without the background noise of syntactic and (potentially arbitrary) implementation details. To this end, this thesis outlines a framework for rapidly prototyping such intermediate languages. Based on the traditional three-phase compiler model, the design process is driven by the development of various semantic descriptions of the language. Executable versions of the specifications help to both debug and informally validate these models. A number of case studies, covering the spectrum of modern implementations, demonstrate the utility of the framework.
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Schwartz, Jacob B. (Jacob Benjamin) 1975. "Eliminating intermediate lists in pH." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86511.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-92).
by Jacob B. Schwartz.
M.Eng.
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Colakoglu, Gulsen. "Assembly Dynamics of Intermediate Filaments." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1247691189.
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Konishi, Takashi. "Polymer crystallization through intermediate state." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144031.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第12346号
工博第2675号
新制||工||1378(附属図書館)
24182
UT51-2006-J338
京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻
(主査)教授 金谷 利治, 教授 麹谷 信三, 教授 堀井 文敬
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Willoughby, Stephen P. "2 Cor 5:1-5 intermediate state or resurrection body? /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.
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Noller, Bastian M. "Excited-State Dynamics of Organic Intermediates." kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2009/3607/.
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Scherrieble, Willy. "Essays on financial intermediation and risk." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670312.
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This thesis contributes to the understanding of systemic risk in the financial sector and its interrelation to the macroeconomy. The first chapter documents that misallocation of resources increased in the German manufacturing sector during the economic crisis in 2009 and that productivity would have been up to 4% higher without misallocation. Using granular data on bank-firm credit relationships, I find causal evidence that the preceding banking crisis contributed to the increase in misallocation. The second chapter shows stylized facts on interest rate risk management for the population of German banks and investment funds using transaction level data on derivatives. I find that around 50% of banks and funds use interest rate derivatives, funds predominantly use exchange-traded products, and banks manage their risk mostly with OTC contracts. On average, both sectors use interest rate derivatives to hedge their interest rate risk against a rate rise, although there is considerable heterogeneity. The third chapter provides empirical evidence that asset managers use bond futures to counteract valuation losses from physical bond holdings when yields move adversely. Analyzing supervisory mutual fund data, I find that this overlay strategy is more pronounced among funds with higher share of ex-ante longer-term bond holdings, more ex-ante riskier fixed income assets, and higher net outflows.Esta tesis contribuye a la comprensión del riesgo sistémico en el sector financiero y su interrelación con la macroeconomía. El primer capítulo documenta que, durante la crisis financiera de 2009, la mala asignación de recursos en el sector manufacturero alemán aumentó y sin esta mala asignación, la productividad habría sido un 4% más alta. Utilizando datos granulares sobre las relaciones crediticias entre bancos y empresas, encuentro evidencia causal de que la crisis bancaria anterior contribuyó al aumento de la asignación incorrecta. El segundo capítulo muestra hechos estilizados sobre la gestión del riesgo de tipos de interés para la población de bancos y fondos de inversión alemanes, utilizando datos a nivel de transacción sobre derivados. Encuentro que alrededor del 50% de los bancos y fondos usan derivados de tasas de interés. Los fondos usan predominantemente productos negociados en bolsa y los bancos administran su riesgo principalmente con contratos OTC. En promedio, ambos sectores utilizan derivados de tipos de interés para cubrir su riesgo de tipos de interés frente a una subida de tipos, aunque existe una considerable heterogeneidad. El tercer capítulo proporciona evidencia empírica de que los administradores de activos utilizan futuros de bonos para contrarrestar las pérdidas de valoración de las tenencias de bonos físicos cuando los rendimientos se mueven adversamente. Al analizar los datos de supervisión de fondos mutuos, encontramos que esta estrategia de superposición es más pronunciada entre los fondos con una mayor proporción de tenencias de bonos ex ante a largo plazo, más activos de renta fija riesgosos ex ante y mayores salidas netas.
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Du, K. "Transient intermediates in excited mercury vapour." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383164.
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Mychaleckyj, Josyf C. "The spectroscopy of transient reactive intermediates." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253308.
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Zagonov, Maxim. "Financial intermediation and interest rate risk." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1189/.
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This thesis analyses the link between interest rate risk faced by financial intermediaries in the G-10 countries, their balance sheet composition and national bank regulation. The regulatory authorities both in the US and in Europe increasingly emphasise the issue of bank interest rate exposure. The importance of this topic is also reasserted by recent developments in the monetary environment. The thesis offers three major contributions to the area. First, it empirically investigates the interest rate risk exposure of financial intermediaries across a large international data sample over the 1997 to 2009 time period. The results verify the importance of interest rate exposure for the majority of analysed institutions, with statistical inferences being robust to the choice of interest rate proxy, time period, and the adopted econometric methodology. Second, this research examines the underlying determinants of bank interest rate risk. Both company and market specific information is considered in the analysis. The findings suggest that national regulatory and supervisory characteristics, and notably international diversity among these provisions, are as important as firm-level accounting variables in explaining the interest rate exposures of individual banks. Finally, this work empirically addresses the impact of securitization on bank interest rate risk. In particular, the research questions whether securitization is conducive to the optimal hedging of bank interest rate risk, or is merely a funding source enabling these companies to pursue more profitable but riskier projects. The reported results imply that banks resorting to asset securitization do not, on average, achieve an unambiguous reduction in their exposure to the term structure developments.
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Batool, Madeeha. "Studying reaction intermediates using IR spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555702.
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Chapter 1: Introduction A brief introduction to TRIR spectroscopy and its application to the study of reactive intermediates of organometallic complexes are provided. Chapter 2: The Photochemistry of Group VII NHC and Phosphine Complexes An introduction to the photochemistry of organometallic N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of the Group VII metals Mn and Re and a comparison with the analogous phosphine complexes is described. The photochemistry of the complexes has been studied using fast time resolved infrared spectroscopy (ns to IlS timescales). This Chapter explains the stability of metal-NHC bonds compared with metal-phosphine. The nature and reactivity of the intermediates of these complexes with alkanes in the presence of CO has been explained by analyzing a range of sterically different NHC complexes. Their rate constants have been determined in different alkane solvents to compare the reactivity of the phosphine and carbene complexes towards different alkanes. Evidence for the formation of agostic complexes is given. Chapter 3: Photochemical and Photophysical Investigation of fac-[Re(L)(COh( u- diimine)]" Complexes (where L = PPh3 or NHC) Rel( c-diimine) carbonyl complexes have great potential to act as infrared probes of DNA. The photophysics and photochemistry of fac-[Re(NHC)(CO))(a-diimine)t III complexes have been investigated by ps- and ns- TRIR spectroscopy. A comparison between both NHC and phosphine substituted Re(a-diimine) complexes is carried out. Moreover, the nature of the solvent and the substituent at the a-diimine has also been altered to study their effects on the energy of the excited states by emission and ns- and ps- TRIR spectroscopies. The 3MLCT excited state is found to be the lowest in energy in the fac-[Re(Iipr2Me2)(CO)3(dppz-F2)t complexes whilst the 3IL remains dominant for the other fac-[Re(Iipr2Me2)(CO)3(dppz)t complexes studied. A theoretical investigation using TD-DFT calculations into these complexes has been performed. Chapter 4: Investigation into the Photochemistry M«CF3hbpy)(COhX (M = Mn, Re and X = Br, Cl) This chapter focuses on the study of isomerization in M«CF3)2bpy)(CO)3X (M = Mn, Re and X = Br, Cl). The mer to fac isomerisation of Mn«CF3)2bpy)(CO)3Br in CH2Cb is investigated at room temperature using FTIR spectroscopy. The use of liquid CO2 at low temperature increases the life time of the intermediate and allows for the characterisation of a CO2-bound dicarbonyl species to be made. For the analogous Re complex, fac-Re«CF3)2bpy)(CO)3Cl, experiments were performed at low temperature in liquid CO2 and liquid CH2F2. Again,fac to mer isomerisation is observed.
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Leukel, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Crystallization via Amorphous Intermediates / Sebastian Leukel." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172380783/34.
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