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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intermittent chronic hypoxia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yang, Tianxiang. "Influence of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) in retinal neovascularization and vascular remodeling." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS059.pdf.

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Les rétinopathies néovasculaires et les œdèmes sont des complications menaçant la vue des rétinopathies ischémiques, telles que la rétinopathie du prématuré (ROP) et la rétinopathie diabétique (DR). L'apnée du sommeil qui conduit à une hypoxie chronique intermittente (CIH) est un facteur de risque indépendant de maladie grave, mais les mécanismes sous-jacents sont inconnus. Nous montrons ici que le CIH expérimental pendant la phase ischémique de la rétinopathie induite par l'oxygène chez la souris réduit considérablement la revascularisation bénéfique de la rétine ischémique et augmente la per

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Tam, Tin-lap Leonard, and 譚天立. "The influence of acute, chronic or chronic intermittent hypoxia on NO release from the renal circulation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30401756.

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Tadtayev, Sergiy. "Stereological investigation of specific brain regions in a developmental model of chronic intermittent hypoxia." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439804.

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Ramakrishnan, Devi Prasadh. "STUDIES ON NEUROPEPTIDE-Y EFFLUX FROM ADULT RAT ADRENAL MEDULLA – EFFECT OF CHRONIC INTERMITTENT HYPOXIA." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1201202472.

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Lam, Siu-yin Sylvia. "Expression and function of hypoxia-inducible factor, cytokines and renin-angiotensin system in the carotid body during chronic and intermittent hypoxia." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41897171.

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Hung, Ming-wai. "Protective effects of melatonin on hippocampal and vascular injuries induced by chronic and intermittent hypoxia in rats." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39793941.

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Hung, Ming-wai, and 洪明偉. "Protective effects of melatonin on hippocampal and vascular injuries induced by chronic and intermittent hypoxia in rats." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39793941.

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Liu, Yu, and 刘宇. "Nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the rat adrenal medulla during chronic and intermittent hypoxia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/198929.

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Adrenal gland, as an important effector tissue of the sympathetic nervous system, has critical roles in cardiovascular system under both chronic hypoxia (CH) and intermittent hypoxia (IH) conditions. Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS), is the most important intracellular signaling molecule, as well as free radical in response to hypoxia. Yet the regulation and effects of endogenous NO production mediated in the adrenal medulla induced by hypoxia remains largely unknown. We first studied how endogenous NO production were regulated by different NOS in rat adrenal med

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9

Ekwudo, Millicent N., and EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY. "The Effect of Chronic Mild Intermittent Hypoxia, and 2, 4-Dinitrophenol on Longevity and Gene Expression in Daphnia magna." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2021/presentations/35.

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The mitochondria are organelles where energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is produced. During low oxygen supply (hypoxia) and mitochondrial uncoupling, ATP synthesis is reduced and AMP (Adenosine Monophosphate) accumulates in the cells. This increase in AMP: ATP ratio stimulates the AMP-Activated Kinase (AMPK) pathway, known to improve healthspan and lifespan by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis (making new mitochondria), decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation, and proteotoxicity (by degrading non-functional organelles and proteins). Here, the life/healthspan extending p

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Yeung, Hang-mee. "Oxidative stress, impaired calcium homeostasis and nitric oxide production in the heart of rats in chronic and intermittent hypoxia." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4403345X.

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Yeung, Hang-mee, and 楊恆美. "Oxidative stress, impaired calcium homeostasis and nitric oxide production in the heart of rats in chronic and intermittent hypoxia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4403345X.

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Tjong, Yung-wui. "Mechanisms of attenuated large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in chronic intermittent hypoxia." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39793953.

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13

Souza, George Miguel Perbone Robuste. "Alterações cardiovasculares e respiratórias em ratas submetidas à hipóxia crônica intermitente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17134/tde-28052018-145226/.

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A hipóxia crônica intermitente (HCI) promove hipertensão arterial e aumento da atividade simpática em ratos jovens. Nestes animais, o aumento da atividade simpática ocorre durante uma fase específica da respiração e está correlacionada com o aumento da atividade expiratória. Estas evidências mostram que, após a HCI, os ratos jovens desenvolvem alterações no acoplamento simpático-respiratório, um mecanismo que pode contribuir, pelo menos em parte, para o desenvolvimento da hipertensão observada nestes animais. Em diversos modelos experimentais de hipertensão, os níveis de pressão arterial são m

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14

Thomas, Amandine. "Hypoxie intermittente et homéostasie glucidique : étude des mécanismes d'action cellulaire A hybrid model to study pathological mutations of the human ADP/ATP carriers Visceral white fat remodeling contributes to intermittent hypoxia-induced atherogenesis The insulin sensitizing effect of topiramate involves KATP channel activation in the central nervous system The Impact of Sleep Disorders on Glucose Metabolism: Endocrine and Molecular Mechanisms Endoplasmic reticulum stress as a novel inducer of hypoxia inducible factor-1 activity: its role in the susceptibility to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia Chronic intermittent hypoxia improves whole-body glucose tolerance by activating skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase in mice Prolyl-4-hydroxylase 1 (PHD1) deficiency impairs whole-body glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice but does not worsen high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunctions Specific transcriptomic signature in response to intermittent hypoxia exposure in liver and fat tissue." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV044.

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L'hypoxie intermittente (HI), induite par les apnées du sommeil, conduit à des altérations de la sensibilité à l'insuline et de l'homéostasie glucidique mais les mécanismes impliqués restent mal connus. L'objectif de ce travail était d'étudier les effets et les mécanismes sous jacents d'une exposition chronique à l'HI sur l'homéostasie glucidique. L'HI induit une résistance à l'insuline à la fois systémique et tissulaire, ainsi qu'une amélioration de la tolérance au glucose associée à une activation de l'AMPK musculaire. L'HI cause également des altérations du foie et du tissu adipeux associée

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Perim, Raphael Rodrigues. "Efeitos do pré-condicionamento à hipóxia sobre as alterações cardiovasculares e respiratórias promovidas por diferentes modelos de hipertensão experimental em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17134/tde-07012016-152400/.

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Ratos jovens submetidos à hipóxia crônica intermitente (HCI) por um período de 10 dias apresentam hipertensão arterial e alterações no padrão de acoplamento das atividades simpática e respiratória. A exposição à HCI promove aumento da atividade simpática na fase expiratória final, mas o pico de atividade observado no final da inspiração/pós-inspiração também permanece. Estudos do nosso laboratório realizados em animais acordados mostraram por meio da análise espectral e do bloqueio ganglionar que a atividade simpática total está aumentada após um protocolo de 10 dias de HCI, caracterizando ess

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El, Dirani Zeinab. "Effet de l’hypoxie intermittente et de l’entraînement physique intensif sur la structure et la fonction du tissu musculaire chez le rat." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV067/document.

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Le syndrome d'apnée obstructive du sommeil (SAOS), est une maladie chronique qui se caractérise par des interruptions répétées de la respiration durant le sommeil en raison de la fermeture temporaire des voies aériennes supérieures. L'hypoxie intermittente chronique (HI) résultante de cette fermeture transitoire des voies aériennes supérieures, constitue l’une des conséquences majeures du SAOS, et elle est la responsable de la plupart des complications liées à cette pathologie, dont nous citons: l’hypertension artérielle, l’infarctus de myocarde et plus généralement le remodelage cardiovascula

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17

Bazilio, Darlan da Silva. "Avaliação de parâmetros cardiovasculares e respiratórios durante o ciclo sono-vigília de ratos submetidos à hipóxia crônica intermitente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17134/tde-23072018-102108/.

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A hipóxia crônica intermitente (HCI) é um modelo experimental no qual o quimiorreflexo é ativado a cada episódio de hipóxia, assim como em alguns casos de apneia obstrutiva do sono. A HCI promove aumento da atividade simpática, hipertensão e alterações no acoplamento simpático-respiratório no tronco encefálico. No presente trabalho estudamos os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios concomitantemente com o ciclo sono-vigília em uma janela temporal de 3 horas no período do dia em que esses registros são feitos no nosso laboratório. Foram também registradas ao longo deste período as respostas cardiovas

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Minovés-Kotski, Mélanie. "Effets délétères de l’hypoxie intermittente associée au syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil sur la croissance et la dissémination métastatique du cancer du sein : implication de la voie HIF1/VEGF/Endothéline." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2021GRALV001.pdf.

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Effets délétères de l’hypoxie intermittente associée au syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil sur la croissance et la dissémination métastatique du cancer du sein : implication de la voie HIF-1/VEGF/EndothélineLe syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil (SAOS) est une pathologie fréquente caractérisée par la survenue d’épisodes nocturnes d’apnées répétées à l’origine de cycles récurrents d’hypoxie-réoxygénation appelés hypoxie intermittente (HI). L’hypoxie intermittente, stimulus chronique et systémique, est à présent reconnue comme le principal facteur responsable d’effets délétères du S

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19

Kamra, Kajal. "Effect of Administration of Somatostatin Analogue on Blood Pressure in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxic Rats." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright155791784103344.

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Morand, Jessica. "Dysfonction cardiovasculaire et arythmies ventriculaires de l’ischémie-reperfusion : effets délétères de l’hypoxie intermittente et protecteurs de la supplémentation en zinc." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV015/document.

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Le syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil (SAOS) est associé à une forte morbi-mortalité cardiovasculaire. L’hypoxie intermittente (HI), conséquence majeure des apnées, est à l’origine d’un stress oxydant, d’une activation de HIF-1 (hypoxia inducible factor 1) et d’une expression d’endothéline (ET-1), tous impliqués dans les complications cardiovasculaires liées à l’HI.Dans un premier temps, nous avons démontré que l’HI augmentait l’incidence des arythmies ventriculaires létales associées à l’ischémie myocardique. Parmi les mécanismes potentiels impliqués, l’analyse spectrale de la variabil

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21

Lin, Tsung-Yen, and 林宗彥. "Mechanisms underlying airway hyperresponsiveness induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86885733199857989846.

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碩士<br>慈濟大學<br>生理暨解剖醫學碩士班<br>102<br>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), manifested by intermittent hypoxia (IH), is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Although the pathophysiological mechanism of OSA-associated AHR remains unclear, airway inflammation is likely to play a critical role. In this study, we investigated 1) whether long-term exposure to IH causes AHR and airway inflammation, and if so, 2) whether inflammatory mediators, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cyclooxygenase products, are involved in the response. Male Brown Norway rats were exposed to repetitive 1.25-min

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"The mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rodents." 2014. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1290665.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common breathing and sleeping disorder, characterized by repeated episodes of airway obstruction during sleep resulting in intermittent hypoxia (IH). From clinical reports, patients with OSA are associated with behavioral and neuropsychological deficits, including impaired spatial learning memory and cognitive deficiencies. Previous studies proposed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis caused by intermittent hypoxia (IH) contributed to this cognitive deficits. However, the exact mechanism is still poorly understood and not settled.<br>The endoplas

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Romain, Heidi Shira. "The effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia on insulin and leptin homeostasis in the rat." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1770.

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Faculty of Science School of Physiology 9808215t romainh@physiology.wits.ac.za<br>There is a high prevalence of insulin and leptin resistance and increased cortisol concentrations in sleep apnoea patients, independent of obesity. Chronic intermittent hypoxia is used an experimental animal model to simulate the hypoxia occurring in sleep apnoea patients. The aim of this study was to measure plasma insulin and leptin concentrations and hypothalamic-pituitary-axis activity in rats exposed to either intermittent hypoxia (CIH) or sham hypoxia (SH) for fourteen days. To induce CIH plexigla

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Du, Wen-pin, and 杜文斌. "Estrogen and genistein prevent chronic intermittent hypoxia-enhanced cardiorespiratory responses in conscious ovariectomized rats." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94798818684792217636.

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碩士<br>慈濟大學<br>生理暨解剖醫學碩士班<br>99<br>Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), such as that occurring in association with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), may be one factor leading to hypertension in OSA. Nevertheless, the development of sustained hypertension may be attributed to an increased sympathetic outflow due to the repeated carotid body stimulation under CIH. Our laboratory previously reported that CIH-exposed ovariectomized (OVX) female rats, but not in intact female rats, exhibited significant increases in the cardiorespiratory parameters during the observation period. Accordingly, we hypothes

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Ou, Ping-Hsun, and 歐秉勳. "Effect of Neurotrophins on Laryngeal Airway Hyperreactivity Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Rats." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ru8v82.

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碩士<br>慈濟大學<br>生理暨解剖醫學碩士班<br>107<br>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), manifested by intermittent hypoxia (IH), is associated with laryngeal airway hyperreactivity (LAH) and laryngeal inflammation. LAH is the augmented airway reflexes resulting from the sensitization of superior laryngeal capsaicin-sensitive afferents under laryngeal inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated that neurotrophins, particularly nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), play a critical role in prompting laryngeal inflammation resulting in the development of LAH. However, whether NGF an

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Coelho, Nuno Filipe Ramos. "Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr): a therapeutic target for systemic hypertension associated with chronic intermittent hypoxia." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/102012.

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RESUMO: A síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) é uma perturbação respiratória relacionada com o sono, que tem vindo a ser cada vez mais prevalente. Esta condição clínica é responsável por uma multiplicidade de comorbilidades, com destaque para a hipertensão arterial sistémica (HTA). A etiopatogenia da SAOS inclui quatro principais características clínicas, nomeadamente a hipóxia crónica intermitente (HCI), a hipercapnia, o aumento da pressão intratorácica e a fragmentação do sono. Destas, a HCI assume-se como um factor chave no desenvolvimento de HTA. A SAOS é uma das causas pri

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Lin, Yi-Ning, and 林依寧. "Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Chemoreflex and Cardiovascular Responses to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Conscious Rats." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41907301287943731747.

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碩士<br>慈濟大學<br>醫學研究所<br>94<br>The pattern of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a characteristic of pathological conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea and is associated with serious cardiovascular morbidity. CIH produces the oscillation of arterial blood oxygen levels which are monitored continuously by peripheral chemoreceptors, especially the carotid bodies. CIH seems to resemble ischemia-reoxygenation, wherein reactive oxygen species (ROS) released during the intervening normoxic periods. Several evidences suggest that ROS may involved in the repeated carotid body stimulation under C

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Diogo, Lucília Catarina das Neves. "Evaluation of antihypertensive drugs in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and in rats submitted to chronic intermittent hypoxia." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15723.

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RESUMO: A hipertensão arterial (HA) é uma patologia altamente prevalente, embora claramente subdiagnosticada, em doentes com síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS). Estas duas patologias apresentam uma estreita relação e a monitorização ambulatória da pressão arterial (MAPA), por um período de 24 horas, parece ser o método mais preciso para o diagnóstico de hipertensão em doentes com SAOS. No entanto, esta ferramenta de diagnóstico para além de ser dispendiosa e envolver um número acrescido de meios técnicos e humanos, é mais morosa e, por conseguinte, não é utilizada por rotina no conte

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Aughey, Robert J. A. "Effects of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia, Acute and Chronic Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Na+,K+ATPase, Buffering Capacity and Plasma Electrolytes in Well-Trained Athletes." 2005. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/440/1/Aughey.pdf.

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Endurance athletes may use hypoxic exposure, and high intensity interval training to improve subsequent endurance performance. Research on the physiological adaptation of athletes to these interventions has tended to focus on metabolic, haematological and respiratory measures. Consequently, relatively little is known, in well-trained athletes, about the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia, acute and chronic exercise on skeletal muscle Na+,K+ATPase, buffering capacity and plasma electrolytes. Thus the effects of acute exercise and these interventions in well-trained athletes are the focus o

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Aughey, Robert. "Effects of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia, Acute and Chronic Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Na+,K+ATPase, Buffering Capacity and Plasma Electrolytes in Well-Trained Athletes." Thesis, 2005. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/440/.

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Endurance athletes may use hypoxic exposure, and high intensity interval training to improve subsequent endurance performance. Research on the physiological adaptation of athletes to these interventions has tended to focus on metabolic, haematological and respiratory measures. Consequently, relatively little is known, in well-trained athletes, about the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia, acute and chronic exercise on skeletal muscle Na+,K+ATPase, buffering capacity and plasma electrolytes. Thus the effects of acute exercise and these interventions in well-trained athletes are the f

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Lai, Mei-Chih, and 賴美智. "Effect of Rhodiola Crenulata and Salidroside herb-related anti-oxidant agents on chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiac apoptotic, survival signaling pathways." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k6un55.

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Lin, Ming-jie, and 林明杰. "Role of superoxide anion on chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced changes in arterial chemoreflex, autonomic functions, and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29222238381559972847.

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碩士<br>慈濟大學<br>神經科學研究所<br>96<br>Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), such as that occurring in association with sleep apnea, may result in systemic hypertension. Importantly, sleep apnea occurs frequently in the hypertensive patients. Intermittent hypoxia seems to resemble hypoxia-reoxygenation, wherein cellular generation of reactive oxygen species, especially superoxide anion is increased during reoxygenation. In this study, we proposed that intermittent hypoxia (IH) induced exaggerated arterial chemoreflex sensitivity in hypertensive subjects, and further contribute to development of impaired

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Cho, Yu-Min, and 卓玉敏. "Effects of Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia and Testicular Ischemia on Testosterone Release and Protein Expressions of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor and Three Kinases in Rats." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58609944330540996484.

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博士<br>國立陽明大學<br>生理學研究所<br>98<br>Systemic hypoxia and testicular ischemia affect the male reproductive and endocrine function. The present study investigated 1) whether torsion-induced apoptosis is associated with changes in phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1), and forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a expression and/or phosphorylation in rats and to determined 2) the effects and mechanisms of intermittent hypoxia on testosterone production. Sprague-Dawley male rats were performed for unilateral torsion. Our results suggest that

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Huang, Chang-Wei, and 黃成偉. "Effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia during sleep on brain injury, behavior, cardiac autonomic activity and sleep changes in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/767n6t.

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碩士<br>國立陽明大學<br>腦科學研究所<br>107<br>Background: Sleep apnea (SA) is a common disease, is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH), lead to inflammation, sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) increasing, sleep fragmentation and carries an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Previous studies show that SA increases the risk of stroke. Furthermore, IH has been reported to cause arteriosclerosis and increase brain injury in animal models of focal cerebral ischemia. However, few researches investigating of the changing of cardiac-autonomic nerve system and sleep structure which IH lead to after strok

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Pimpão, António Manuel Bacalhau. "Novel developments on the association of the AHR-CYP1A1 axis and arterial hypertension related to obstructive sleep apnea." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/112040.

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Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is responsible for the development of systemic hypertension (HTN) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is a common cause of resistant HTN. CIH promotes AHR activation, particularly in the kidney, with a consequent increase in Cyp1a1 expression. Moreover, using an animal model of CIHHTN, it was demonstrated that the AHR antagonist (CH-223191) might represent a promising anti-hypertensive molecule. This pharmacological effect was only apparent in animals’ active period. However, available information on CH-223191 pharmacological pathways i

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Kovalčíková, Jana. "Subpopulace mitochondrií v myokardu potkana - vliv chronické hypoxie." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310552.

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Adaptation to chronic hypoxia induces endogenous cardioprotection and increases the heart resistance to ischemia/reperfusion injury. The heart mitochondria, which produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in addition to ATP, play an important role in these processes. During ischemia/reperfusion, ROS are produced in excessive amounts and damage the cells. However, in lower concentrations, ROS are involved in the signalling pathway of cardioprotection induced by adaptation to chronic hypoxia. In the heart, two mitochondrial subpopulations have been observed, subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) and int

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