Journal articles: 'Intermittent Stream'

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Poff, N. LeRoy, and J. V. Ward. "Implications of Streamflow Variability and Predictability for Lotic Community Structure: A Regional Analysis of Streamflow Patterns." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 1805–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-228.

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Long-term discharge records (17–81 yr) of 78 streams from across the continental United States were analyzed to develop a general quantitative characterization of streamflow variability and predictability. Based on (1) overall flow variability, (2) flood regime patterns, and (3) extent of intermittency, 11 summary statistics were derived from the entire record for each stream. Using a nonhierarchical clustering technique, nine stream types were identified: harsh intermittent, intermittent flashy, intermittent runoff, perennial flashy, perennial runoff, snowmelt, snow + rain, winter rain, and mesic groundwater. Stream groups separated primarily on combined measures of intermittency, flood frequency, flood predictability, and overall flow predictability, and they showed reasonable geographic affiliation. A conceptual model that incorporates the nine stream clusters in a hierarchical structure is presented. Also, the positions of the 78 streams in a continuous three-dimensional flow space illustrate the wide range of ecologically important hydrologic variability that can constrain ecological and evolutionary processes in streams. Long-term daily streamflow records are a rich source of information with which to evaluate temporal and spatial patterns of lotic environments across many physiographic and ecographic regions. Relative positions of streams in flow space provide a conceptual framework for evaluating a priori the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors in regulating population and community processes and patterns.

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Piano, Elena, Alberto Doretto, Elisa Falasco, Laura Gruppuso, Francesca Bona, and Stefano Fenoglio. "Flow intermittency negatively affects three phylogenetically related shredder stoneflies by reducing CPOM availability in recently intermittent Alpine streams in SW-Italian Alps." Hydrobiologia 847, no. 19 (September 12, 2020): 4049–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04399-4.

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Abstract Several Alpine streams are currently facing recurrent summer drying events with detrimental consequences on stream detritivores, i.e., shredders, due to negative effects via changes the organic matter (CPOM) availability. We examined the ecological requirements of three phylogenetically related shredder genera belonging to the family of Nemouridae (Plecoptera), namely Nemoura, Protonemura and Amphinemura, in 14 Alpine streams recently facing recurrent summer flow intermittency events. We evaluated the overlap among their ecological niches measured in terms of hydraulic stress, substrate composition, changes in CPOM availability and competition with other shredder taxa (i.e., presence of individuals of other shredders) and we examined potential changes in their ecological niches between permanent and intermittent sites. The ecological niches of Protonemura and Amphinemura overlap broadly, but not with Nemoura, suggesting only partial potential competition. The reduced CPOM availability decreased the individual abundance of the three genera in intermittent sites, where they consistently preferred microhabitats with high CPOM availability and low competition with other shredder taxa, possibly due to food limitation. Overall, our results emphasize how the negative effect of flow intermittency on shredders in Alpine streams is mainly due to the decrease in CPOM availability, with consequent potential bottom up effects on stream ecosystem functionality.

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Stanish, Lee F., Tyler J. Kohler, Rhea M. M. Esposito, Breana L. Simmons, Uffe N. Nielsen, Diana H. Wall, Diana R. Nemergut, and Diane M. McKnight. "Extreme streams: flow intermittency as a control on diatom communities in meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica1This article is derived from a special session entitled “A New Hydrology: Inflow Effects on Ecosystem Form and Functioning” that took place at the February 2011 ASLO Aquatic Sciences conference in San Juan, Puerto Rico." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 8 (August 2012): 1405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-022.

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In the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, stream biota is limited by the brief availability of liquid water. The benthic microbial mats harbor diatoms that have adapted to hydrologic stresses, including numerous endemic species. We found a strong relationship between diatom community composition and flow intermittency in a data set including seven streams that spanned a gradient in flow intermittency. In particular, two genera represented by numerous endemic species in Dry Valley habitats, Hantzschia and Luticola , had high abundances in moderately and highly intermittent streams, respectively. The Shannon Index of diversity was greatest in streams with intermediate flow intermittency, with lower diversity in more stable streams resulting from lower evenness, and lower diversity in highly intermittent streams resulting from lower richness. These results indicate that multiple metrics of biodiversity may be useful in assessing the response of diatom communities to changing hydrologic regime. We propose that flow intermittency acts as a species filter that increases habitat heterogeneity in Dry Valley streams and may allow endemic species to persist. Future Antarctic warming may alter diatom community composition and habitats that act as refugia for desiccation-tolerant taxa.

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Price, Karen, Arlene Suski, Joanna McGarvie, Barbara Beasley, and John S. Richardson. "Communities of aquatic insects of old-growth and clearcut coastal headwater streams of varying flow persistence." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 1416–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-089.

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Headwater streams, varying in flow persistence from ephemeral to intermittent to perennial, provide the tightest coupling between water and land, yet they often receive the least protection during forest management. We described communities of aquatic insects in perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral channels surrounded by old-growth forest and 4- to 8-year-old clearcuts in Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia, to determine whether temporary streams have unique aquatic communities and to examine the short-term impacts of harvesting. We measured flow persistence, stream size, canopy cover, organic detritus, and algal biomass in 19 streams. We sampled aquatic invertebrates with a combination of emergence cages and kicknet samples. Temporary and old-growth streams had more organic detritus and a higher abundance of shredders. Perennial and clearcut streams had a higher abundance of some algal grazers, but not higher algal biomass. Insect richness was similar in intermittent and perennial streams of each seral stage but lower in ephemeral streams. Intermittent streams contained four taxa not found in the other stream classes; perennial and ephemeral streams had none. Communities of aquatic insects differed between streams surrounded by clearcuts and old growth, and varied with continuity of flow.

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Robson, Belinda J. "Role of residual biofilm in the recolonization of rocky intermittent streams by benthic algae." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 7 (2000): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00012.

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Human use of stream flow for water supply may increase the duration and/or frequency of dry periods in intermittent streams, but there is little information on the effect of this change on in-stream flora or fauna. To predict the effects of dry periods on stream biota, it is necessary to understand the relative roles of various sources of recolonization. A transplant experiment was used to test the hypothesis that the dry residual algal biofilm on stones in intermittent streams is an important source of algal growth when the streams are re-wetted. Two sites were chosen, one on each of two intermittent streams in south-eastern Australia. Rocks at the sites differed in the amount of naturally occurring residual biofilm on them. Forty rocks were transplanted between the sites and counts of algal densities were made from samples taken one and five weeks after flow recommenced. At one of the sites, where the biofilm was dominated by Cyanobacteria, dry residual biofilm strongly influenced the developing algal community at both one and five weeks after flow recommenced. At the other site the influence of dry biofilm was limited after five weeks, implying that other sources of algal recolonization were influential there.

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Burrows, Ryan M., Helen Rutlidge, Dominic G. Valdez, Michael Venarsky, Nick R. Bond, Martin S. Andersen, Brian Fry, Stefan M. Eberhard, and Mark J. Kennard. "Groundwater supports intermittent-stream food webs." Freshwater Science 37, no. 1 (March 2018): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/696533.

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Goodrich, D. C., W. G. Kepner, L. R. Levick, and P. J. Wigington. "Southwestern Intermittent and Ephemeral Stream Connectivity." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 54, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 400–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12636.

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Clarke, Amber, Ralph Mac Nally, Nick Bond, and P. S. Lake. "Flow permanence affects aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity and community structure in three headwater streams in a forested catchment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 10 (October 2010): 1649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-087.

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Drying can be a common disturbance affecting macroinvertebrate communities in headwater streams. Whether intermittent and ephemeral streams have a lower diversity and (or) unique assemblage structure relative to physically similar and nearby perennial streams is still debated. We investigated changes in the diversity and assemblage composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates occupying debris dams in three headwater streams with a gradient of flow permanence (perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral) during a dry period in the austral summer of 2007 and a wet period in the spring of 2008. In the dry period, mean taxon richness and abundance in debris dams were lower in the intermittent and ephemeral streams than in the perennial stream, and the length of time without connected surface flow appeared to produce different patterns in community composition. However, during the wet period, mean taxon richness, abundance, and community composition of macroinvertebrates were very similar among the three streams. Hierarchical Bayesian modeling showed evidence for a strong effect of permanence on taxon richness, abundance, and evenness within debris dams. Taxa from the perennial stream were extremely efficient at colonizing seasonally dry nearby streams. Differences in assemblage structure between these temporary and permanent headwater streams may only arise seasonally and also appear related to flow permanence.

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9

Butturini, A., S. Bernal, S. Sabater, and F. Sabater. "The influence of riparian-hyporheic zone on the hydrological responses in an intermittent stream." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2002): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-6-515-2002.

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Abstract. Stream and riparian groundwater hydrology has been studied in a small intermittent stream draining a forested catchment for a system representative of a Mediterranean climate. The relationship between precipitation and stream runoff and the interactions between stream water and the surrounding riparian groundwater have been analysed under a wide spectrum of meteorological conditions. The hypothesis that the hydrological condition of the near-stream groundwater compartment can regulate the runoff generation during precipitation events was tested. Stream runoff is characterised by a summer dry period, and precipitation input explained only 25% of runoff variability over the study period (r2 =0.25, d.f.=51, p<0.001). The variability of precipitation v. stream runoff is explained partly by the hydrogeological properties of the riparian near-stream zone. This zone is characterised by high hydrological conductivity values and abrupt changes in groundwater level in summer. The summer dry period begins with a rapid decrease in near-stream groundwater level, and ends just after the first autumnal rain when the original groundwater level recovers suddenly. Within this period, storms do not cause major stream runoff since water infiltrates rapidly into the riparian compartment until it is refilled during the subsequent winter and spring; then the precipitation explains the 80% of the stream runoff variability (r2=0.80, d.f.=34, p<0.001). These results suggest that the hydrological interaction between the riparian groundwater compartment and the stream channel is important in elucidating the hydrological responses during drought periods in small Mediterranean streams. Keywords: riparian zone, groundwater hydrology, runoff, intermittent stream, Mediterranean climate

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Bernal, S., and F. Sabater. "Changes in discharge and solute dynamics between a hillslope and a valley-bottom intermittent streams." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 5 (October 27, 2011): 9505–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-9505-2011.

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Abstract. We investigated differences on stream water flux as well as on chloride, carbon and nitrogen dynamics between two semiarid nested catchments, one at the hillslope and the other one at the valley-bottom. The two streams were intermittent, yet only the valley-bottom stream was embraced by a riparian forest and a well-developed alluvium with highly conductive coarse sediments. We found that stream water flux decreased by more than 40% from the hillslope to the valley-bottom during hydrological transition periods (from dry-to-wet and from wet-to-dry conditions), coinciding with periods when stream-to-aquifer fluxes prevailed. During the hydrological transition period, stream export of chloride, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon decreased 34–97% between the hillslope and the valley-bottom catchments. There was a strong correlation between monthly differences in stream discharge and in stream Cl− export between the two catchments. In contrast, monthly differences in stream export for bio-reactive solutes were only partially explained by stream discharge. In annual terms, stream nitrate export from the valley-bottom catchment (0.32 ± 0.12 kg N ha−1 yr−1 – average ± standard deviation) was 30–50% lower than from the hillslope catchment (0.56 ± 0.32 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Although the riparian forest could be an extra source of organic matter to the valley-bottom stream, the annual export of dissolved organic carbon was similar between the two catchments (1.8 ± 1 kg C ha−1 yr−1). Our results suggested that stream hydrology was a strong driver of stream solute export during the hydrological transition period, and that hydrological retention in the alluvial zone could contribute to reduce stream water and solute export under semiarid conditions in the valley-bottom stream.

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11

Chafiq, Mohamed, Janine Gibert, and Cécile Claret. "Interactions among sediments, organic matter, and microbial activity in the hyporheic zone of an intermittent stream." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f98-208.

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Interactions between surface and subsurface water in intermittent streams are poorly understood. We predicted that surface discharge patterns would influence retention and transport of fine sediments and particulate organic matter in a first-order intermittent stream, which in turn would affect microbial activity at different depths in the sediment. We measured sediments, dissolved and particulate organic carbon, and microbial and bacterial biomass and activity at three depths (surface and 20 and 40 cm) over a period spanning low and high flows at five stations on an intermittent stream. Discharge influenced physicochemical and sediment characteristics at the upstream stations with coarse substratum. In the finer sediments of the lower reaches, an active hyporheic microbial assemblage primarily governed sediment and organic dynamics. With decreasing discharge and increasing retention of fine sediments and particulate organic carbon, greater microbial hydrolytic activity in bed-sediments occurred downstream. Dissolved oxygen, organic carbon, fine sediments, microbial biomass, hydrolytic activity, and bacterial biomass declined with depth, and changed over time, apparently in response to varying discharge. We conclude that discharge and substratum particle size may interact to control organic dynamics and hyporheic microbial activity in a 1st order stream.

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Yu, Songyan, Hong Xuan Do, Albert I. J. M. van Dijk, Nick R. Bond, Peirong Lin, and Mark J. Kennard. "Evaluating a landscape-scale daily water balance model to support spatially continuous representation of flow intermittency throughout stream networks." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 5279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5279-2020.

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Abstract. There is a growing interest globally in the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of intermittently flowing streams and rivers, and how this varies in relation to climatic and other environmental factors. However, biases in the distribution of stream gauges may give a misleading impression of spatial-temporal variations in streamflow intermittency within river networks. Here, we developed an approach to quantify catchment-wide streamflow intermittency over long time frames and in a spatially explicit manner, using readily accessible and spatially contiguous daily runoff data from a national-scale water balance model. We examined the ability of the water balance model to simulate streamflow in two hydro-climatically distinctive (subtropical and temperate) regions in Australia, with a particular focus on low-flow simulations. We also evaluated the effect of model time step (daily vs. monthly) on flow intermittency estimation to inform future model selection. The water balance model showed better performance in the temperate region characterised by steady baseflow than in the subtropical region with flashy hydrographs and frequent cease-to-flow periods. The model tended to overestimate low-flow magnitude mainly due to overestimation of gains (e.g. groundwater release to baseflow) during low-flow periods. Modelled patterns of flow intermittency revealed highly dynamic behaviour in space and time, with cease-to-flow events affecting between 29 and 80 % of the river network over the period of 1911–2016, using a daily streamflow model. The daily flow model did not perform better than the monthly flow model in quantifying flow intermittency at a monthly time step, and model selection should depend on the intended application of the model outputs. Our general approach to quantifying spatio-temporal patterns of flow intermittency is transferable to other parts of the world, and it can inform hydro-ecological understanding and management of intermittent streams where limited gauging data are available.

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Chester, E. T., and B. J. Robson. "Do recolonisation processes in intermittent streams have sustained effects on benthic algal density and assemblage composition?" Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 9 (2014): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13239.

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When intermittent streams flow, benthic algae develop from both colonising propagules and regrowing dried biofilm. We aimed to determine whether colonisation processes influence algal densities and taxonomic composition beyond the period immediately following commencement of winter flows, and whether regulation modifies those processes, in the Victoria Range, Australia. Stones were placed in two unregulated streams, and upstream and downstream of weirs in three regulated streams, after dry biofilm was removed. Epilithic algae on treatment and control stones were collected after winter flows (12 weeks). Treatment effects were still apparent in one (unregulated) stream, but not in the other streams. Algal assemblages and densities upstream and downstream of weirs differed, but there was no systematic pattern among streams. In intermittent headwater streams, recolonisation processes may influence algal assemblages until spring; but in most streams, the duration of influence will be shorter, depending on the assemblage composition in regrowth and refuges, which is also shaped by conditions during the previous flow season. If the effects of regulation depend on how idiosyncratic flow regimes and assemblage compositions influence recolonisation, they may be difficult to predict. Similarly, recovery trajectories for stream communities after drought will differ among streams, depending on whether biofilm can develop during potentially short seasonal flows.

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Bruno, Maria Cristina, Alberto Doretto, Fulvio Boano, Luca Ridolfi, and Stefano Fenoglio. "Role of the Hyporheic Zone in Increasing the Resilience of Mountain Streams Facing Intermittency." Water 12, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12072034.

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We investigated the impact of intermittence in previously-perennial Alpine stream reaches, targeting the role of the hyporheic zone in increasing the resilience of these aquatic systems. We selected a perennial and an intermittent site in a reach of the Po River (North-Western Italy). We installed piezometers reaching −1 m (permanent and intermittent site), and −3 m (intermittent site) and monitored three supraseasonal droughts over a period of three years. We classified the hyporheic fauna into three categories of increasing affinity to life in the hyporheic (stygoxene, stygophile, stygobite), and used communities composition, abundance, beta-diversity and functional groups: (1) to compare assemblages at the same depth but with different hydrological characteristics, as well as assemblages from two depths at the intermittent site, and (2) to assess how the connection with surface water and the direction of the vertical aquifer flow determined the faunistic assemblages. Different taxonomic groups responded differently to intermittence, the hyporheic zone acted as a refuge increasing the resilience of the system, but resilience decreased with increasing degree of affinity to hyporheic life. Disentangling the effects of intermittence on the different faunistic component in the hyporheic zone can help guiding effective protection and restoration measures of river systems with temporary reaches.

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Shavers, E., and L. Stanislawski. "STREAMS DO WORK: MEASURING THE WORK OF LOW-ORDER STREAMS ON THE LANDSCAPE USING POINT CLOUDS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (September 19, 2018): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-573-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The mutable nature of low-order streams makes regular updating of surface water maps necessary for accurate representation. Low-order streams make up roughly half the streams in the conterminous United States by length, and small inaccuracies in stream head location can result in significant error in stream reach, order, and density. Reliable maps of stream features are vital for hydrologic modeling, ecosystem research, and boundary monitoring. High resolution digital elevation models derived from lidar data have shown promise in low order stream modeling yet forested high relief landscapes and low relief agricultural areas remain challenging. Here we present early results from research analyzing lidar point clouds to identify features and patterns that may be used in low-order stream identification and classification in challenging geographic conditions. This work has identified characteristics derived from point clouds that correlate with the presence of streams and stream heads and show promise for mapping small streams. In low topographic relief agricultural areas, cross sections collected at regular intervals along drainage channels extracted as 3D lines show a significant jump in value and variance of profile curvature standard deviation at stream heads. In high relief areas, observations show potential for stream mapping by identifying trends in riparian zone structure. Lidar return point density from riparian vegetation under 30 feet tall dips in the vicinity of intermittent stream heads. Also seen is an increase in point density above 60 feet downstream of stream heads. The trends found here likely reflect a change in vegetation structure relative to the presence of streams.</p>

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Closs, GP. "Feeding of Galaxias olidus (Guenther) (Pisces: Galaxiidae) in an intermittent Australian stream." Marine and Freshwater Research 45, no. 2 (1994): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9940227.

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Patterns of feeding in the mountain galaxiid (Galaxias olidus) were examined at dawn and dusk during low flow in April and high flow in September in an intermittent stream. During April (low flow), feeding rates were relatively low and aperiodic, whereas in September (high flow), the fish were clearly feeding diurnally at a relatively high rate. These results suggest that feeding in G. olidus in intermittent streams may vary on a daily and seasonal basis, possibly as a consequence of changes in light availability and stream flow. Light determines the ability of fish to find their prey, and seasonal changes in flow may determine the availability of prey (i.e. drifting invertebrates). This pattern suggests that the predatory impact of drift-feeding fish, such as G. olidus, is likely to be considerably less during low-flow periods when drifting invertebrates are not available than during high-flow periods when such prey may be abundant.

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Martinez, Bernardo, Josefa Velasco, Luisa Suarez, and Rosario Vidal-Abarca. "Benthic organic matter dynamics in an intermittent stream in South-East Spain." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 141, no. 3 (March 9, 1998): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/141/1998/303.

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Chou, Ronald Y. M., Leonard C. Ferrington Jr., B. L. Hayford, and Heidi M. Smith. "Composition and phenology of Chironomidae (Diptera) from an intermittent stream in Kansas." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 147, no. 1 (November 29, 1999): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/147/1999/35.

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ERZINGER, FELICITAS, BJÖRN ROTTER, NICOLAS KREZDORN, and STEFFEN U. PAULS. "Gene expression profiling in the aquatic caddisfly larvae Micropterna lateralis (Insecta: Trichoptera) in relation to stream drying." Zoosymposia 14, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.14.1.7.

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Aquatic ecosystems can be either permanently wet or be subject to seasonal or intermittent drying. Insect species inhabiting temporally dry streams have evolved behavioural, morphological and/or life history traits to ensure their persistence. The limnephilid caddisfly Micropterna lateralis (Stephens 1837) has a life cycle that is tailored to the temporal dynamics of periodically dry streams where adults usually hatch before drought commences. Their aquatic larvae are, however, also able to survive stream drying, but the mechanisms driving this survival ability have not been studied to date. We conducted an experiment to simulate drying conditions, using samples from a M. laterialis population taken from an intermittent stream in the Spessart Mountains of the central German highlands. The experiment simulated three hydrological conditions: wet, moist and dry. In a first test of our system we compared gene expression profiles of three individuals (one per condition) using Illumina-based Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends MACE-Seq. Our first results show large differences in gene expression between the studied phases with many genes exhibiting gradual up- or down-regulation across the three experimental hydrological conditions. Under drought stress, up-regulation was primarily found in genes controlling production and mobilization of desiccation protectants, mainly sugars, whereas down-regulated genes were related to cuticle organisation and lipid metabolism. These preliminary results give valuable insights into genetic and physiological responses of aquatic insects to stream drying.

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Pedro, F., L. Maltchik, and I. Bianchini Jr. "Hydrologic cycle and dynamics of aquatic macrophytes in two intermittent rivers of the semi-arid region of Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 66, no. 2b (May 2006): 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842006000400002.

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The dynamics of aquatic macrophytes in intermittent rivers is generally related to the characteristics of the resistance and resilience of plants to hydrologic disturbances of flood and drought. In the semi-arid region of Brazil, intermittent rivers and streams are affected by disturbances with variable intensity, frequency, and duration throughout their hydrologic cycles. The aim of the present study is to determine the occurrence and variation of biomass of aquatic macrophyte species in two intermittent rivers of distinct hydrologic regimes. Their dynamics were determined with respect to resistance and resilience responses of macrophytes to flood and drought events by estimating the variation of biomass and productivity throughout two hydrologic cycles. Twenty-one visits were undertaken in the rewetting, drying, and drought phases in a permanent puddle in the Avelós stream and two temporary puddles in the Taperoá river, state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. The sampling was carried out by using the square method. Floods of different magnitudes occurred during the present study in the river and in the stream. The results showed that floods and droughts are determining factors in the occurrence of macrophytes and in the structure of their aquatic communities. The species richness of the aquatic macrophyte communities was lower in the puddles of the river and stream subject to flood events, when compared to areas where the run-off water is retained. At the beginning of the recolonization process, the intensity of the floods was decisive in the productivity and biomass of the aquatic macrophytes in the Taperoá river and the Avelós stream. In intermediate levels of disturbance, the largest values of productivity and biomass and the shortest time for starting the recolonization process occurred.

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Wang, D., and L. Wu. "Similarity between runoff coefficient and perennial stream density in the Budyko framework." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 6 (June 14, 2012): 7571–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-7571-2012.

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Abstract. Streams are categorized into perennial and temporal streams based on flow durations. Perennial stream is the basic network, and temporal stream (ephemeral or intermittent) is the expanded network. Connection between perennial stream and runoff generation at the mean annual scale exists since one of the hydrologic functions of perennial stream is to deliver runoff. The partitioning of precipitation into runoff and evaporation at the mean annual scale, on the first order, is represented by the Budyko hypothesis which quantifies the ratio of evaporation to precipitation (E/P) as a function of climate aridity index (Ep/P, ratio of potential evaporation to precipitation). In this paper, it is hypothesized that similarity exists between perennial stream density (Dp) and runoff coefficient (Q/P) as a function of climate aridity index, i.e., DpDp* (EpP) and QP (EpP) where Dp* is a scaling factor and Q is mean annual runoff. To test the hypothesis, perennial stream densities for 185 watersheds in the United States are computed based on the high resolution national hydrography dataset (NHD). The similarity between perennial stream density and runoff coefficient is promising based on the case study watersheds. As a potential application for macroscale hydrological modeling, perennial stream density in ungauged basin can be predicted based on climate aridity index using the complementary Budyko curve.

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Loganathan, G. V., P. Mattejat, C. Y. Kuo, and M. H. Diskin. "Frequency Analysis of Low Flows: Hypothetical Distribution Methods and a Physically Based Approach." Hydrology Research 17, no. 3 (June 1, 1986): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1986.0009.

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A mixed log Pearson type III distribution, a double bounded probability density function, partial duration series and a physically based approach are analyzed for frequency estimates of low flows. The mixed log Pearson III involves a point probability mass at zero for intermittent streams. The double bounded probability distribution has lower and upper bounds with a point mass at the lower bound. Two approaches are used in partial duration series i) truncation, and ii) censoring which represent curtailing of the population and the sample respectively. The parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood procedure. Considering low flows as part of the recession limb of stream flow hydrographs a physically based approach is formulated. By using the exponential decay of stream recessions and considering the initial recession flows, recession durations, and recharge due to incoming storms as statistically independent random variables, a first order random coefficient Markov model for initial recession flows is formed. The resulting steady state probability distribution for initial recession flows is combined with the probability distribution of the exponential decay to obtain the probabilities of low flow events. The methods are applied to both perennial and intermittent streams.

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Kaplan, Nils Hinrich, Ernestine Sohrt, Theresa Blume, and Markus Weiler. "Monitoring ephemeral, intermittent and perennial streamflow: a dataset from 182 sites in the Attert catchment, Luxembourg." Earth System Science Data 11, no. 3 (September 4, 2019): 1363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1363-2019.

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Abstract. The temporal and spatial dynamics of streamflow presence and absence is considered vital information to many hydrological and ecological studies. Measuring the duration of active streamflow and dry periods in the channel allows us to classify the degree of intermittency of streams. We used different sensing techniques including time-lapse imagery, electric conductivity and stage measurements to generate a combined dataset of presence and absence of streamflow within various nested sub-catchments in the Attert catchment, Luxembourg. The first sites of observation were established in 2013 and successively extended to a total number of 182 in 2016 as part of the project Catchments As Organized Systems (CAOS). Temporal resolution ranged from 5 to 15 min intervals. Each single dataset was carefully processed and quality controlled before the time interval was homogenised to 30 min. The dataset provides valuable information of the dynamics of a meso-scale stream network in space and time. This can be used to test and evaluate hydrologic models but also for the assessment of the intermittent stream ecosystem in the Attert basin. The dataset presented in this paper is available at the online repository of the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ, https://doi.org/10.5880/FIDGEO.2019.010, Kaplan et al., 2019).

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Tzoraki, Ourania. "Operating Small Hydropower Plants in Greece under Intermittent Flow Uncertainty: The Case of Tsiknias River (Lesvos)." Challenges 11, no. 2 (August 3, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe11020017.

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In arid and semi-arid parts of the world, river exploitation is intensive, involving water storage for irrigation or hydropower generation. In Greece, 100 small hydropower plants (SHPs) take advantage of less than 10% of the hydropower potential of low flow streams (<2 m3/s), a very small amount in relation to the 70% of the European Union. The energy policy of complete decarbonization of the country by 2023 on a national scale opens the road for new investments in SHP projects, especially in intermittent-flow streams of the Greek islands. Simulated flows by the Modello Idrologico SemiDistribuito in continuo (MISDc model) are used to construct the annual flow duration curve (FDC) to study and assess the hydropower potential of an intermittent stream (Tsiknias river, Lesvos, Greece). For Tsiknias River, but also for six other intermittent-flow rivers of Crete island, the capacity factor (CF), which represents the mean annual power of the hydropower plant, should remain >75% to exploit the river’s potential. The FDC and CF are essential in designing SHP projects in intermittent-flow streams with long no-flow periods. The development of public participatory approaches and a closer cooperation among policy makers and stakeholders should work to promote hydropower exploitation and accelerate licensing procedures.

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Rincón, J., and C. Cressa. "Temporal variability of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a neotropical intermittent stream in Northwestern Venezuela." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 148, no. 3 (June 14, 2000): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/148/2000/421.

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Fonnesu, Alessio, Letizia Sabetta, and Alberto Basset. "Factors Affecting Macroinvertebrate Distribution in a Mediterranean Intermittent Stream." Journal of Freshwater Ecology 20, no. 4 (December 2005): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2005.9664786.

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Chapman, Lauren J., and Donald L. Kramer. "Limnological observations of an intermittent tropical dry forest stream." Hydrobiologia 226, no. 3 (November 1991): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00006857.

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Godinho, F. N., P. J. Pinheiro, J. M. Oliveira, and R. Azedo. "RESPONSES OF INTERMITTENT STREAM FISH ASSEMBLAGES TO IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT." River Research and Applications 30, no. 10 (March 17, 2014): 1248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2748.

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Duncan, William W., Kathleen M. Bowers, and John R. Frisch. "Missing Compensation: A Study of Compensatory Mitigation and Fish Passage in Georgia." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 9, no. 1 (February 14, 2018): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/022016-jfwm-017.

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Abstract Thousands of permit applications are filed annually with the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, requiring significant review efforts to ensure that applications conform to regulations, and that proposed activities avoid, minimize, and compensate for stream and wetland impacts. However, the effectiveness of this approach remains uncertain. We evaluated the effectiveness of those regulatory efforts using newly installed stream–road crossings as a case study because crossings are pervasive on the landscape and many U.S. Army Corp of Engineers jurisdictions have requirements that are aimed at minimizing crossing-induced impacts to fish passage. Specifically, we assessed whether requirements intended to facilitate fish passage were implemented, whether requirements resulted in fish-passable stream–road crossings, and whether the amount of construction-related stream impact that was authorized by permits corresponded to the amount of compensation that was required. Our analysis is devoted solely to stream–road crossings in Georgia that are permitted under nationwide permits, the permit type commonly used to authorize activities in streams throughout the United States. We found that no new crossings conformed entirely to the requirements intended to avoid and minimize impacts to fish passage. The measured total stream impact length in this study was 46.0% higher than the amount of impact proposed in permit applications for perennial streams, and 23.7% higher for intermittent and ephemeral streams. Only 30.6% of the perennial stream length affected in this study received compensation for impacts even though 90.9% of impacts qualified. Collectively, these results indicate that regulations and mitigation policies are not having their intended effects of providing fish passage or preventing net loss of streams in Georgia as required under the Clean Water Act. We recommend that decision makers undertake a more geographically comprehensive evaluation of stream impacts that are authorized by permits to thoroughly evaluate regulatory effectiveness and impacts to fish passage.

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Bernal, S., and F. Sabater. "Changes in discharge and solute dynamics between hillslope and valley-bottom intermittent streams." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 6 (June 4, 2012): 1595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1595-2012.

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Abstract. To gain understanding on how alluvial zones modify water and nutrient export from semiarid catchments, we compared monthly discharge as well as stream chloride, carbon, and nitrogen dynamics between a hillslope catchment and a valley-bottom catchment with a well-developed alluvium. Stream water and solute fluxes from the hillslope and valley-bottom catchments showed contrasting patterns between hydrological transitions and wet periods, especially for bio-reactive solutes. During transition periods, stream water export decreased >40% between the hillslope and the valley bottom coinciding with the prevalence of stream-to-aquifer fluxes at the alluvial zone. In contrast, stream water export increased by 20–70% between the hillslope and valley-bottom catchments during wet periods. During transition periods, stream solute export decreased by 34–97% between the hillslope and valley-bottom catchments for chloride, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon. In annual terms, stream nitrate export from the valley-bottom catchment (0.32 ± 0.12 kg N ha−1 yr−1 [average ± standard deviation]) was 30–50% lower than from the hillslope catchment (0.56 ± 0.32 kg N ha−1 yr−1). The annual export of dissolved organic carbon was similar between the two catchments (1.8 ± 1 kg C ha−1 yr−1). Our results suggest that hydrological retention in the alluvial zone contributed to reduce stream water and solute export from the valley-bottom catchment during hydrological transition periods when hydrological connectivity between the hillslope and the valley bottom was low.

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Potts, Donald F., and Bruce K. M. Anderson. "Organic Debris and the Management of Small Stream Channels." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/5.1.25.

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Abstract Longitudinal profiles, riparian and in-channel debris loads, and sediment storage were measured in eight reaches of first- to third-order, snowmelt-dominated, intermittent, and perennial streams in western Montana. Low-order channels tended to concentrate debris. Organic matter providedover 60% of total sediment storage in all study reaches. We suggest that Streamside Management Zones (SMZs) be extended to include intermittent channels and possibly the lowest portions of ephemeral channels in anticipation of their activation. Predisturbance appraisal of downed woody fuelsin these SMZs is recommended to provide a target debris loading during site preparation, thus ensuring a steady-state supply of organic materials to maintain channel stabdity following timber harvest. West. J. Appl. For. 5(1):25-28.

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Levick, Lainie, Samantha Hammer, Russell Lyon, Joel Murray, Amy Birtwistle, Phillip Guertin, David Goodrich, Brian Bledsoe, and Melinda Laituri. "An ecohydrological stream type classification of intermittent and ephemeral streams in the southwestern United States." Journal of Arid Environments 155 (August 2018): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2018.01.006.

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Foltz, David A., Clarissa N. Damis, Nicole M. Sadecky, Cynthia L. Cyprych, and Zachary J. Loughman. "The crayfish of Tomlinson Run State Park, Hancock County, West Virginia, USA." Freshwater Crayfish 22, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5869/fc.2016.v22-1.1.

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Abstract In 2015, a survey of Tomlinson Run State Park (TRSP) located in Hancock County, West Virginia USA was completed. Thirty stations, each 100m long, were randomly selected using ArcGIS for both intermittent and perennial stream reaches. Sites were sampled by performing ten seine hauls at each randomly selected station and scored using an Ohio EPA Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) to obtain qualitative habitat data. Ponds and impoundments were trapped for crayfish using baited crayfish/minnow traps. Burrows found in wetlands and seeps were excavated to determine TRSP burrowing crayfish species composition. In total, 471 crayfish of four species (Cambarus carinirostris, Cambarus monongalensis, Cambarus robustus and Orconectes obscurus) were collected. A statistically significant correlation existed between QHEI score and CPUE for C. carinirostris on intermittent streams. Cambarus monongalensis was the sole burrowing species encountered while C. carinirostris was only collected from intermittent stations (CPUE = 0.12). O. obscurus was the most common species collected from perennial streams (CPUE = 0.95) while Cambarus robustus was the rarest species (CPUE = 0.09) encountered in Tomlinson Run State Park. The crayfish fauna of TRSP is typical for the Upper Ohio River Valley, and at the present time, all species appear stable.

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Fritz, Ken M., and Walter K. Dodds. "Harshness: characterisation of intermittent stream habitat over space and time." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 1 (2005): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04244.

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Frequently disturbed environments, such as intermittent streams, are ecologically useful for studying how disturbance characteristics (e.g. frequency, magnitude) affect community structure and succession. We developed a harshness index that quantifies ecologically pertinent spatial and temporal characteristics of prairie intermittent streams that may limit or reduce diversity and abundance to predict benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage characteristics. The index incorporates 11 variables that describe the hydrological regime (e.g. average flow, flow variability, drying and flooding) and distance to perennial surface water. We started with 27 variables, but removed 16 that did not increase the predictive value of the index. The relationships among index values and annual mean macroinvertebrate assemblage characteristics (taxonomic richness, diversity, evenness and abundance) were tested over two years using seven sites that represent a range of flow permanence (recent and historical), flood magnitude (recent and historical) and surface-water connectivity. Mean annual taxonomic richness was significantly related to the harshness index. Evenness and abundance were not related to harshness. Further analyses indicated that distance to the nearest permanent habitat was less important than annual or historical hydrological parameters, even though prior research had documented higher rates of colonisation at sites that were closer to nearest permanent habitat. Both annual factors that can alter abundance and colonisation immediately (e.g. floods, drought in each year) and historical factors (e.g. probability of drying, average length of dry period over decades) may influence assemblage characteristics. Historical factors may influence evolutionary adaptations of invertebrates and may predominate when relative disturbance rates are lower such as in years with less flooding.

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Rodríguez-Lozano, Pablo, Maria Rieradevall, and Narcís Prat. "Top predator absence enhances leaf breakdown in an intermittent stream." Science of The Total Environment 572 (December 2016): 1123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.021.

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36

Sroczyńska, Katarzyna, Marilia Claro, Pedro Range, Katarzyna Wasiak, Adrianna Wojtal-Frankiewicz, Radhouan Ben-Hamadou, Francisco Leitão, and Luís Chícharo. "Habitat-specific benthic metabolism in a Mediterranean-type intermittent stream." Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 52 (2016): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/2016012.

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37

Hedden, Skyler C., Elizabeth A. Renner, Keith B. Gido, and Kristen J. Hase. "Impacts of Small Impoundments On An Intermittent Headwater Stream Community." Southwestern Naturalist 63, no. 1 (March 2018): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-63.1.34.

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38

Azarnivand, Ali, Matteo Camporese, Sina Alaghmand, and Edoardo Daly. "Simulated response of an intermittent stream to rainfall frequency patterns." Hydrological Processes 34, no. 3 (December 2019): 615–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13610.

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39

Dexter, Tim, Nick Bond, Robin Hale, and Paul Reich. "Dispersal and recruitment of fish in an intermittent stream network." Austral Ecology 39, no. 2 (June 24, 2013): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12064.

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40

Dieter, D., D. von Schiller, E. M. García-Roger, M. M. Sánchez-Montoya, R. Gómez, J. Mora-Gómez, F. Sangiorgio, J. Gelbrecht, and K. Tockner. "Preconditioning effects of intermittent stream flow on leaf litter decomposition." Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 4 (August 25, 2011): 599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-011-0231-6.

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41

Dekar, Matthew P., Daniel D. Magoulick, and Gary R. Huxel. "Shifts in the trophic base of intermittent stream food webs." Hydrobiologia 635, no. 1 (August 17, 2009): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9919-1.

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42

Gierz, Łukasz, Krzysztof Przybył, Krzysztof Koszela, and Piotr Markowski. "The Effectiveness of the Application of a Chemical Agent (Dressing) to Seed Potatoes by Means of an Innovative Valve Enabling Intermittent Flow of a Liquid." Agriculture 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10030085.

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The protection of potatoes from pests and diseases, especially at an early stage of their development, is an indispensable element of cultivation. Pesticides are most commonly used for protection, but their high doses may adversely affect the natural environment, including soil and water. This study compares the losses of a chemical agent emitted during the dressing of seed potatoes by means of an innovative valve enabling intermittent outflow of the liquid and by means of a standard valve with a continuous outflow. The research proved that the intermittent outflow of the working liquid decreased the amount of the chemical agent emitted into the environment ten times. The article also describes the site at which the innovative valve was tested and compares the results of laboratory tests for three distances of the sprayer from the potato fall path (50, 100, 150 mm) and four different pressures of the working liquid (1–4 kPa). The research showed that the amount of losses, i.e., emissions of the chemical agent into the environment from the innovative valve (intermittent stream of the working liquid) depended on the difference in the air and liquid pressure. The solution is environmentally friendly. The results showed that the distance between the sprayer valve and the seed potato falling path had minimal influence on the amount of the agent left on the surface of seed potatoes when a continuous stream was applied, but it had considerable influence when an intermittent stream was applied. The distance had negative effect on the ratio of retention of the applied liquid at pressures of 100 and 200 kPa, but it had positive effect at pressures of 300 and 400 kPa (at an intermittent flow). When a continuous stream was applied and the distance between the spray valve and the seed potato falling path increased from 100 to 150 mm, it had positive effect on the retention coefficient for all the four pressures tested (100, 200, 300, 400 kPa).

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Driver, Lucas J., and David J. Hoeinghaus. "Spatiotemporal dynamics of intermittent stream fish metacommunities in response to prolonged drought and reconnectivity." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 11 (2016): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15072.

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Hydrological regimes are primary drivers of community structure and dynamics in streams with strong seasonal or annual flood and drought cycles. In the current study, we investigated the dynamics of fish metacommunities in two intermittent streams (Hickory Creek and Clear Creek) in north Texas, USA, by examining changes in diversity, abundance, assemblage structure and temporal stability associated with prolonged seasonal drought and reconnectivity. Diversity (α and γ), abundance and stability increased with initial isolation during summer drought but dramatically declined as drought or drying persisted through the winter (November–December). During post-drought reconnectivity in Hickory Creek, diversity and abundance increased and approached pre-drought levels. Abundance and body size varied greatly among species and indicated species-specific responses (i.e. mortality, recruitment, dispersal) to hydrologic fragmentation and connectivity. Ultimately, assemblage structures were significantly altered by drought in Hickory and Clear creeks, and despite a trend towards recovery in Hickory Creek, assemblages did not fully recover during the present study. Intermittent-stream fishes may be generally adapted to natural drought dynamics; however, climate change and human-mediated habitat alterations may result in prolonged and intensified drought conditions that exceed many species mechanisms of resistance or resilience having potentially large impacts on biodiversity across spatial and temporal scales.

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Robinson, C. T., and T. Buser. "Density‐dependent life history differences in a stream mayfly (Deleatidium) inhabiting permanent and intermittent stream reaches." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 41, no. 3 (September 2007): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330709509914.

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Death, Russell G. "Spatial patterns in lotic invertebrate community composition: is substrate disturbance actually important?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-052.

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Twenty-five forest streams were sampled in August 1994 in Te Urewera National Park, New Zealand, to examine the effect of substrate disturbance on invertebrate community structure. Stream size, flow permanence, and riparian cover were more influential than substrate disturbance in affecting invertebrate composition. Three community types were distinguishable based on these three factors: small (<1 m wide), intermittent streams were dominated by Chironomidae; larger (1215 m wide), open streams were dominated by Chironomidae, Plecoptera, and Ephemeroptera; and intermediate-sized (110 m wide) streams with continuous riparian cover were dominated by mayflies and caddisflies. Periphyton biomass was negatively affected by substrate disturbance but not to the same degree as reported by others studying unshaded streams. This may explain why the influence of substrate disturbance on community composition was less than that of stream size, flow permanence, and riparian cover. The key effect of substrate disturbance on postdisturbance community composition in these light-limited New Zealand streams appears to be the removal of animals rather than food loss. Thus, differences between communities that experience high flows and those that do not are far less than they might be in unshaded streams in which the food base is more severely affected by substrate disturbance.

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Hill, B. H., and T. J. Gardner. "Benthic Metabolism in a Perennial and an Intermittent Texas Prairie Stream." Southwestern Naturalist 32, no. 3 (September 28, 1987): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3671447.

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Ellison, Christopher A., Quentin D. Skinner, and Katta J. Ready. "DISCHARGE AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT PATTERNS OF AN INTERMITTENT COLD DESERT STREAM." Journal of the American Water Resources Association 42, no. 1 (February 2006): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb03823.x.

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48

DOHI, Shogo, Yuji MINEMATSU, Mikio INOUE, and Yo MIYAKE. "COMPARISON OF STREAM FAUNA BETWEEN UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM OF INTERMITTENT REACH." ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH 34 (2006): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/proer.34.57.

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Ellison, C. A., Q. D. Skinner, and L. S. Hicks. "Trends in surface-water quality of an intermittent cold-desert stream." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 63, no. 4 (July 1, 2008): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.63.4.212.

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Harjung, Astrid, Francesc Sabater, and Andrea Butturini. "Hydrological connectivity drives dissolved organic matter processing in an intermittent stream." Limnologica 68 (January 2018): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2017.02.007.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Intermittent Stream'

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